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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Diffusion en direct

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Academic literature on the topic 'Diffusion en direct'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Diffusion en direct"

1

Seljan, Ellen C., and Nicholas Weller. "Diffusion in Direct Democracy." State Politics & Policy Quarterly 11, no. 3 (2011): 348–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532440011413087.

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SCHUMANN, Andrew, Zozan TARHAN, and Vladimir SAZONOV. "Ideologies and Encounters of Ideas at the Crossroads of the Ancient World." STUDIA ANTIQUA ET ARCHAEOLOGICA 30, no. 2 (2024): 235–42. https://doi.org/10.47743/saa-2024-30-2-1.

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In the article introducing this special issue, we consider the prospects of cultural diffusionism. We show that diffusion is not a uniform phenomenon since it includes direct, partial, multi-layered, and reverse forms. The complex approach to diverse forms of diffusions is called by us the crossroads concept. It aligns with cultural relativism which examines cultural traits through diffusion and modification. In world-systems analysis, cultural diffusion is analyzed within the world-economy framework, rooted in the classical Marxism view of economic systems as foundational with culture as a su

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Kaur, Shubjeet, Joaquin Cortiella, and Charles A. Vacanti. "DIRECT DIFFUSION OF NITROUS OXIDE." Anesthesiology 89, Supplement (1998): 1357A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199809230-00001.

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Khasnabish. "Direct Action, Deliberation, and Diffusion." Journal for the Study of Radicalism 8, no. 2 (2014): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/jstudradi.8.2.0111.

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Khujadze, George, and Martin Oberlack. "Turbulent diffusion: Direct numerical simulation." PAMM 9, no. 1 (2009): 451–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pamm.200910198.

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Ye, Min. "UTILITY AND CONDITIONS OF DIFFUSION BY DIASPORAS: EXAMINING FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT LIBERALIZATION IN CHINA AND INDIA." Journal of East Asian Studies 16, no. 2 (2016): 261–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jea.2016.3.

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AbstractDiffusion studies have rightly emphasized external ideas and resources that propel liberalization in the developing world. There remain two gaps: first, the literature has not covered the types of diffusers and the ways diasporas may shape liberalization in their homelands; second, it pays little attention to internal diffusion after national adoption within a country. This article explores the utility and conditions of diffusion by diasporas and examines the roles of diasporas and internal diffusion in China and India's FDI liberalization. In both countries, diasporas were main diffus

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Nakagawa, Tsubasa, Isao Sakaguchi, Naoya Shibata, et al. "Direct Measurement of Titanium Pipe Diffusion Coefficients in Sapphire." Materials Science Forum 558-559 (October 2007): 939–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.558-559.939.

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The diffusion behavior of Ti3+ along basal dislocations in sapphire has been investigated by SIMS technique. High-density unidirectional dislocations were introduced by the high-temperature mechanical deformation, and Ti3+ ions were subsequently diffused along the dislocations. The SIMS diffusion profiles clearly showed diffusion tail due to the short circuit diffusion along the dislocations called pipe diffusion. Lattice diffusion coefficient and pipe diffusion coefficient of Ti3+ at 1300°C were measured to be 1.0±0.2×10-19 [m2/sec] and 2.0±0.6× 10-13 [m2/sec], respectively.

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Yoon, Samson, Bongtae Han, and Zhaoyang Wang. "On Moisture Diffusion Modeling Using Thermal-Moisture Analogy." Journal of Electronic Packaging 129, no. 4 (2007): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2804090.

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Thermal-moisture analogy schemes for a moisture diffusion analysis are reviewed. Two schemes for practical applications are described using the governing equations of heat and mass diffusions: (1) direct analogy and (2) normalized analogy. The schemes are implemented to define valid domains of application. The results corroborate that the direct analogy is valid only for single-material systems, but the normalized analogy can be extended to multimaterial systems if thermal loading conditions are isothermal, spatially as well as temporally.

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Rugeley, Cynthia, John Frendreis, and Raymond Tatalovich. "Direct democracy, policy diffusion, and medicalized marijuana." Politics and the Life Sciences 40, no. 1 (2021): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pls.2020.30.

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AbstractVirtually all studies of policy diffusion are based on statutory enactments by state legislatures. But a substantial number of medicalized marijuana laws were initiated through citizen initiatives and ratified by referenda (I&R). This case study suggests that the diffusion of laws adopted by I&R requires two modifications to the conventional model of policy diffusion. First, early policy adoptions must occur through direct democracy so that horizontal diffusion results when those past adoptions by the I&R process lead to future adoptions. Second, the necessity of bypassing

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Mensi, Mounir, Ruslan Ivanov, Tomas K. Uždavinys, et al. "Direct Measurement of Nanoscale Lateral Carrier Diffusion: Toward Scanning Diffusion Microscopy." ACS Photonics 5, no. 2 (2017): 528–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.7b01061.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Diffusion en direct"

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Siotis, Georges. "Technological diffusion, foreign direct investment and convergence." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212218.

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Bliersbach, Andreas. "Hydrogen diffusion in nano-sized materials : investigated by direct imaging." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Materialfysik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-156033.

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The kinetics of interstitial hydrogen are of great interest and importance for metal-hydride storage, purification, fusion and fission reactor technology, material failure processes, optical sensors for hydrogen gas and many other technologies. In particular nano-sized materials motivate fascinating applications and scientific questions. If hydrogen is absorbed in vanadium it alters the band structure around the Fermi energy. These modifications of the band structurelead to a change in the absorptance of vanadium which are in first order approximation proportional to the concentration. We pres

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Schnell, Sondre Kvalvåg, Thijs J. H. Vlugt, Jean-Marc Simon, Signe Kjelstrup, and Dick Bedeaux. "Direct calculation of the thermodynamic correction factor, gamma, from molecular dynamics simulations." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-185607.

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Valär, Adrian Luzi. "Direct numerical simulation of cellular structures in jet diffusion flames /." Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17678.

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Pires, Karine. "Diffusion et transcodage à grande échelle de flux vidéo en direct." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066112/document.

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Aujourd'hui, de nombreux appareils sont capables de capturer des vidéos en Full HD et d'utiliser une connexion réseau pour accéder à Internet. La popularisation des dispositifs et les efforts continus pour améliorer la qualité du réseau ont apporté un environnement propice à l'essor de la diffusion en direct. De par la grande quantité de contenu généré par les utilisateurs, la diffusion de flux en direct présente de nouveaux défis. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la distribution et au transcodage des systèmes de diffusion en direct. Pour étudier les différent aspects des systèmes de

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Pires, Karine. "Diffusion et transcodage à grande échelle de flux vidéo en direct." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066112.

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Aujourd'hui, de nombreux appareils sont capables de capturer des vidéos en Full HD et d'utiliser une connexion réseau pour accéder à Internet. La popularisation des dispositifs et les efforts continus pour améliorer la qualité du réseau ont apporté un environnement propice à l'essor de la diffusion en direct. De par la grande quantité de contenu généré par les utilisateurs, la diffusion de flux en direct présente de nouveaux défis. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la distribution et au transcodage des systèmes de diffusion en direct. Pour étudier les différent aspects des systèmes de

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Schnell, Sondre Kvalvåg, Thijs J. H. Vlugt, Jean-Marc Simon, Signe Kjelstrup, and Dick Bedeaux. "Direct calculation of the thermodynamic correction factor, gamma, from molecular dynamics simulations." Diffusion fundamentals 16 (2011) 72, S. 1-2, 2011. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13814.

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Florin, Ernst-Ludwig, Tobias F. Bartsch, and Martin Kochanczyk. "Seeing is believing: direct visualization of fluctuations in biopolymer networks with 3D thermal noise imaging." Diffusion fundamentals 20 (2013) 10, S. 1, 2013. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13531.

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Driss, Slim. "Investissement direct étranger et diffusion technologique dans les pays en voie de développement." Toulouse 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU10023.

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L'objet de ce travail consiste à analyser le problème d'accès des pays en voie de développement (PVD) aux technologies nouvelles. L'investissement direct se présente comme le moyen le plus efficace de transfert technologique. Ce dernier doit naturellement s'accompagner d'une diffusion de bonne qualité dans le pays hôte : si cette dernière ne se produit pas les maigres flux à destination des PVD perdent une bonne part de leur intérêt. Autant la littérature a traité des incitations au transfert, autant elle a laissé de côté la problématique de la diffusion. La thèse vise à contribuer à combler c

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Merriam, Susan Carol. "Direct demonstration of self-similarity in a hydrodynamic treatment of polymer self-diffusion." Link to electronic thesis, 2002. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0501102-142449.

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Books on the topic "Diffusion en direct"

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Branstetter, Lee. Is foreign direct investment a channel of knowledge spillovers?: Evidence from Japan's FDI in the United States. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000.

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Driss, Slim. Investissement direct étranger et diffusion technologique dans les pays en voie de développement. A.N.R.T, Université Pierre Mendes France (Grenoble II), 1997.

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Rasiah, Rajah. Foreign direct investment and technology diffusion: Impact on economic growth and development in South Africa. Chambers of Commerce and Industry South Africia, 2005.

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Ray, Barrell, and Pain Nigel, eds. Innovation, investment and the diffusion of technology in Europe: German direct investment and economic growth in postwar Europe. Cambridge University Press, 1999.

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5

Wood, Lesley J. Direct Action, Deliberation, and Diffusion: Collective Action after the WTO Protests in Seattle. Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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Wood, Lesley J. Direct Action, Deliberation, and Diffusion: Collective Action after the WTO Protests in Seattle. Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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Direct action, deliberation, and diffusion: Collective action after the WTO protests in Seattle. Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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Wood, Lesley J. Direct Action, Deliberation, and Diffusion: Collective Action after the WTO Protests in Seattle. Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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Wood, Lesley J. Direct Action, Deliberation, and Diffusion: Collective Action after the WTO Protests in Seattle. Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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Wood, Lesley J. Direct Action, Deliberation, and Diffusion: Collective Action after the Wto Protests in Seattle. Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Diffusion en direct"

1

Roos, K. R., and M. C. Tringides. "A Direct Measure of the Barrier to Interlayer Diffusion." In Surface Diffusion. Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0262-7_19.

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Peigney, Michaël. "On Cyclic Steady States and Elastic Shakedown in Diffusion-Induced Plasticity." In Direct Methods. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48834-5_9.

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Lodder, A. "Direct Force Controversy in Electromigration Exit." In Defect and Diffusion Forum. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-37-x.77.

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Fink, H. W. "Direct Observation of Atomic Motion on Surfaces." In Diffusion at Interfaces: Microscopic Concepts. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73632-2_9.

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Shao, Muhan, Aaron Carass, Arnold D. Gomez, et al. "Direct Reconstruction of Crossing Muscle Fibers in the Human Tongue Using a Deep Neural Network." In Computational Diffusion MRI. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73018-5_6.

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Portegies, Jorg, Stephan Meesters, Pauly Ossenblok, Andrea Fuster, Luc Florack, and Remco Duits. "Brain Connectivity Measures via Direct Sub-Finslerian Front Propagation on the 5D Sphere Bundle of Positions and Directions." In Computational Diffusion MRI. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05831-9_24.

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Dietzsch, F., C. Hasse, G. Fru, and D. Thévenin. "The Influence of Differential Diffusion in Turbulent Oxygen Enhanced Methane Flames." In Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation IX. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14448-1_65.

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Thevenin, D., E. Van Kalmthout, and S. Candel. "Two-Dimensional Direct Numerical Simulations of Turbulent Diffusion Flames Using Detailed Chemistry." In Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation II. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5624-0_32.

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Colombo, Fabrizio, and Jonathan Gantner. "The direct approach to the S-functional calculus." In Quaternionic Closed Operators, Fractional Powers and Fractional Diffusion Processes. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16409-6_3.

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Martens, Kerstin, and Dennis Niemann. "Introduction: International Organisations and Transnational Diffusion." In International Impacts on Social Policy. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86645-7_12.

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AbstractInternational organisations (IOs) have long been vibrant actors that influence global governance and transnational diffusion processes of social policies. IOs use a variety of mechanisms to influence international spheres and national policy-making processes. A few are able to distribute financial resources and implement projects, which directly affect people’s lives, and they may also (re)direct national social policies. Many other IOs active in global social policy rather exert soft governance and act as regionally or globally active think tanks that develop and diffuse ideas and nor

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Conference papers on the topic "Diffusion en direct"

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Conradt, Frieder, Vincent Bezold, Volker Wiechert, et al. "Direct Observation of the Mechanism Behind Spectral Diffusion in Semiconductor Quantum Dots." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2024.jw2a.154.

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Using high-resolution spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures for single quantum dots under an external electric bias, we quantitatively show that the quantum-confined Stark effect is the cause of spectral diffusion. As a consequence, spectral fluctuations may be minimized by applying an adequate counter bias.

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Zhang, Shaoze, Henrong Lan, Rui Wang, et al. "Direct Diffusion Bridge for High MB-count Image Generation in Ultrasound Localization Microscopy." In 2024 IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Joint Symposium (UFFC-JS). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/uffc-js60046.2024.10793898.

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Cho, M. J., H. S. Shim, and J. S. Lee. "Accelerated Direct PET Attenuation and Scatter Corrections Using Generation-Prior Diffusion Model (GPDM)." In 2024 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS), Medical Imaging Conference (MIC) and Room Temperature Semiconductor Detector Conference (RTSD). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nss/mic/rtsd57108.2024.10656788.

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Cho, M. J., and J. S. Lee. "CT-free Attenuation Correction of Whole-body PET Images via Direct Diffusion Bridge." In 2024 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS), Medical Imaging Conference (MIC) and Room Temperature Semiconductor Detector Conference (RTSD). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nss/mic/rtsd57108.2024.10658634.

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Zhu, Zihao, Gaofeng Wu, Haowen Deng, et al. "T2T-Bridge: Direct Diffusion Bridge Model for Thick-to-Thin Slice Infant MRI Reconstruction." In 2025 IEEE 22nd International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi60581.2025.10980952.

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Kouhana, A., M. Jafaritadi, G. Chinn, and C. S. Levin. "Direct Generation of Attenuation and Scatter Correction of Brain PET Data Using a Conditional Latent Diffusion Model." In 2024 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS), Medical Imaging Conference (MIC) and Room Temperature Semiconductor Detector Conference (RTSD). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nss/mic/rtsd57108.2024.10657057.

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Gosse, Ryan, and Graham Candler. "Diffusion Model Comparisons for Direct Reentry Applications." In 36th AIAA Thermophysics Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-3635.

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Grabowski, Matthew W., Amy C. Sullivan, and Robert R. McLeod. "3D direct-write waveguides in diffusion photopolymers." In Integrated Photonics Research and Applications. OSA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ipra.2006.itud5.

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Wang, Xu, Li-Ao Cao, and Xin-Ping Qu. "Direct copper electrodeposition on novel CoMo diffusion barrier." In 2015 IEEE International Interconnect Technology Conference and 2015 IEEE Materials for Advanced Metallization Conference (IITC/MAM). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iitc-mam.2015.7325637.

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Ho, Ken-Chung, and Jing-Cheng Liao. "Error-Diffusion Fitting of Direct-Binary-Search Halftones." In Ninth IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia Workshops (ISMW 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ismw.2007.4475957.

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Reports on the topic "Diffusion en direct"

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Abebe, Girum, Margaret McMillan, and Michel Serafinelli. Foreign Direct Investment and Knowledge Diffusion in Poor Locations: Evidence from Ethiopia. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24461.

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Gundel, L. A., and D. A. Lane. Sorbent-coated diffusion denuders for direct measurement of gas/particle partitioning by semi-volatile organic compounds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/674987.

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Orozco, Jeffrey, John Hewitt, Keynor Ruiz, Ricardo Monge-González, and Juan Antonio Rodríguez-Álvarez. Internet Diffusion, Innovation and Employment Growth in the Costa Rican Manufacturing Sector. Inter-American Development Bank, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009029.

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This study assesses the direct impact of Internet diffusion on total labor demand, the demand for skilled labor, and the demand for female labor. Using data from a sample of manufacturing firms in Costa Rica from 2006 to 2007, the study finds that both process and product innovations are positively related to employment growth and that the use of the Internet by workers for business purposes does not impact demand for labor. The positive impact of product innovation on labor demand increases when workers use the Internet for business purposes. This relationship was not found in cases of skille

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Stucchi, Rodolfo, Alessandro Maffioli, Sofía Rojo, and Victoria Castillo. Knowledge Spillovers of Innovation Policy through Labor Mobility: An Impact Evaluation of the FONTAR Program in Argentina. Inter-American Development Bank, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011534.

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Although knowledge spillovers are at the core of the innovation policy's justification, they have never been properly measured by any impact evaluation. This paper fills this gap by estimating the spillover effects of the FONTAR program in Argentina. We use an employer-employee matched panel dataset with the entire population of firms and workers in Argentina for the period 2002-2010. This dataset allows us to track the mobility of qualified workers from FONTAR beneficiary firms to other firms and, therefore, to identify firms that indirectly benefit from the program through knowledge diffusio

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Glasscott, Matthew, Johanna Jernberg, Erik Alberts, and Lee Moores. Toward the electrochemical detection of 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43826.

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Analytical methods to rapidly detect explosive compounds with high precision are paramount for applications ranging from national security to environmental remediation. This report demonstrates two proof-of-concept electroanalytical methods for the quantification of 2,4-dinitroanisol (DNAN) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). For the first time, DNAN reduction was analyzed and compared at a bare graphitic carbon electrode, a polyaniline-modified (PANI) electrode, and a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) electrode utilizing PANI to explore the effect of surface-area and preconcentration a

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Shapira, Philip, Jan Youtie, Debbie Cox, et al. Institutions for Technology Diffusion. Inter-American Development Bank, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009253.

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This technical note analyzes international experiences and practices of public technology extension service programs. Technology extension services comprise varied forms of assistance provided directly to enterprises to foster technological modernization and improvement, with a focus on established small and mid-sized enterprises. The note discusses the definitions, rationales, and characteristics of selected technology extension service programs, drawing on examples from Europe, North America, and other regions. It presents four detailed case studies: the U.S. Manufacturing Extension Partners

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Lajosi, Krisztina. ECMI Minorities Blog. Disinformation, Digital Nationalism and the Hungarian Minority in Ukraine. European Centre for Minority Issues, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53779/slwe2333.

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The Hungarian minority in Ukraine living mainly in the region of Transcarpathia (Zakarpattia Oblast) has not yet been directly exposed to the horrors of the war. However, roughly since 2014, it has been targeted by online propaganda and disinformation serving the interests of the Kremlin in both Russian and Hungarian media. Several studies have demonstrated how the right-wing media supporting the Hungarian government have come increasingly under Russian influence either directly by translating pieces from Russian media outlets, or indirectly by channeling the talking points of the Kremlin. Thi

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Brydie, Dr James, Dr Alireza Jafari, and Stephanie Trottier. PR-487-143727-R01 Modelling and Simulation of Subsurface Fluid Migration from Small Pipeline Leaks. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011025.

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The dispersion and migration behavior of hydrocarbon products leaking at low rates (i.e. 1bbl/day and 10 bbl/day) from a pipeline have been studied using a combination of experimental leakage tests and numerical simulations. The focus of this study was to determine the influence of subsurface engineered boundaries associated with the trench walls, and the presence of a water table, upon the leakage behavior of a range of hydrocarbon products. The project numerically modelled three products including diesel, diluted bitumen (dilbit) and gasoline; which were chosen to span a range of fluid types

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Allen, Jeffrey, Robert Moser, Zackery McClelland, Md Mohaiminul Islam, and Ling Liu. Phase-field modeling of nonequilibrium solidification processes in additive manufacturing. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42605.

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This project models dendrite growth during nonequilibrium solidification of binary alloys using the phase-field method (PFM). Understanding the dendrite formation processes is important because the microstructural features directly influence mechanical properties of the produced parts. An improved understanding of dendrite formation may inform design protocols to achieve optimized process parameters for controlled microstructures and enhanced properties of materials. To this end, this work implements a phase-field model to simulate directional solidification of binary alloys. For applications

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Fallik, Elazar, Robert Joly, Ilan Paran, and Matthew A. Jenks. Study of the Physiological, Molecular and Genetic Factors Associated with Postharvest Water Loss in Pepper Fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7593392.bard.

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The fruit of pepper (Capsicum annuum) commonly wilts (or shrivels) during postharvest storage due to rapid water loss, a condition that greatly reduces its shelf life and market value. The fact that pepper fruit are hollow, and thus have limited water content, only exacerbates this problem in pepper. The collaborators on this project completed research whose findings provided new insight into the genetic, physiological, and biochemical basis for water loss from the fruits of pepper (Capsicum annuum and related Capsicum species). Well-defined genetic populations of pepper were used in this stud

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