Academic literature on the topic 'Difuzní světlo'

Předmětem studie Cestovatelství a kulturní kontakt je teoretická analýza fenoménu cestovatelství jako nástroje poznávání neznámých světů a klíče k porozumění světa odlišných etnik, národů a kultur. Cestovatelé jsou prezentováni jako lidé, kteří programově vstupují na území „těch druhých“ a v průběhu svých cest se snaží popsat, klasifikovat a analyzovat cizí přírodu a kulturu. Cestovatelství jako významná součást migračních a difuzních procesů vždy významně ovlivňovalo dějiny lidské kultury a procesy exogenní kulturní změny. Za cestovatele je možné označit jak jednotlivce, tak sociální skupiny, které se ocitly v průběhu akulturačních kontaktů na cizím území. Cestovateli se lidé nestávali pouze z touhy po poznání, ale také díky snaze prosadit své obchodní, ekonomické, vojenské, náboženské nebo ideologické zájmy. Součástí starověkých, středověkých i novověkých dějin jsou proto nejen cestovatelé „badatelé“, ale především cestovatelé „válečníci“, „obchodníci“, „diplomaté“, „poutníci“, „nomádi“, „kajícníci“ a „misionáři“. Bez ohledu na motivy a cíle, které v dějinách formovaly různé typy cestovatelů, v průběhu 18. a 19. století se již jasně profilovala linie „vědeckých cestovatelů“. Snaha vědců vytvořit relevantní vědu studující svět cizích kultur vyústila v průběhu první poloviny 20. století ve zrození kulturní a sociální antropologie. Na vědecké scéně se objevil nový typ cestovatele, jímž byl „terénní antropolog“. Cílem této studie je prezentovat nejvýznamnější zvraty v dějinách odvěké lidské touhy vydávat se na cestu do neznáma. Prezentovat zlomové okamžiky, které z hlediska fenoménu cestovatelství ovlivnily pohled lidí na naší planetu a vedly k vytvoření kulturní antropologie – vědy, která respektuje kulturní pluralitu, multikulturalismus a toleranci ke světu „těch druhých“.

This diploma thesis deals with phase and amplitude objects observation through scattering media by means of a coherence-controlled holographic microscope (CCHM). A brief history of development and construction of the microscope, its advantages compared to the classical light microscopy and hologram processing are described. Quantitative phase imaging through scattering media by means of ballistic as well as diffuse light is verificated in the experimental part. A comparison of an image obtained through a scattering layer by means of CCHM and a classical microscopy in the light field is demonstrated.

This thesis deals with imaging through diffuse media in coherence-controlled holographic microscope (CCHM) developed in IPE FME BUT. The mutual coherence function as well as the signal dependence on the lateral mutual shift between both arms of the CCHM are calculated. Both functions are related to each other. The latter dependence is measured experimentally. A principle of imaging with CCHM through diffuse media with both ballistic and diffuse light is explained by a simple geometrical model. This model is then verified experimentally by imaging a sample through diffuse medium. The point spread function (PSF) of CCHM for imaging through diffuse media is then calculated. Results of PSF calculation are proved experimentally.

Diploma thesis main goal is to obtain new pieces of knowledge about relationship between hydrogel structures and its flow and transport properties. Thesis is mainly focusing on combining pertinent biopolymers into model hydrogels based on agarose. Then perform correlation of results obtained by diffusion methods, and by rheologic measurements on macroscopic and microscopic level. Properties of hydrogels were measured by selected rheologic measurements, dynamic light scattering method, and correlative fluorescence spectroscopy. From these methods various parameters (MSD modules, values of complex viscosity) were obtained. Afterwards transport properties of prepared hydrogels were studied by observing Rhodamine 6G diffusion. Here two different approaches were used. From macroscopic perspective, simple principles of mass diffusion from dye solution to cuvettes filled with hydrogels containing individual biopolymers were used. From microscopic perspective, dye was added during the sample preparation and then the mass diffusion was investigated using FCS. Based on evaluated results it was discovered that added biopolymers don’t influence properties of carrier medium, in this case agarose hydrogels. During the study of prepared hydrogels’ reactivity and barrier properties some differences were observed. Charge of biopolymer and its charge density were discovered as main factors influencing transport of charged solutes into prepared hydrogels.

This master thesis deals with the influence of glazing on the microclimate inside buildings. In particular, I focused on the shading coefficient and the various factors that affect it. The thesis also concentrates on the origin and composition of the solar radiation, the formation of thermal stress and refraction. In the next part of the thesis, I focused on designing two variants of shielding factor and its impact on the thermal load of gym, sports hall and the related necessary changes. The last part of the thesis deals with experimental measurements of incident solar radiation passing through the window into real physical model. From the measured values, we determined realistic shading coefficient and then applied it in the previous section of this thesis.

This thesis deals with the illuminance space through light guide. It describes it's basic principles, technical features and ways of differentiation between the technologies. The thesis also includes latest methods for evaluation of illumination of space supported by various computer simulations.

The master´s thesis analyzes influence of direct and reflected solar radiation to heat strain and degradation of thermal insulation in the flat roof construction. In many building was a problem in a significant degradation of thermal insulation made from expanded polystyrene in the vicinity of glass surfaces. To determine the causes of this problem, it was necessary to study and test the properties of building materials and the physical nature of the effect of solar radiation on the building structure. In the introductory section lists the cases of buildings with degradation of thermal insulation and existing knowledge on this issue. The theoretical part describes the technical properties of thermal insulating materials used in the flat roof construction, nature and division of solar radiation, optical laws of light reflection and physical theory to explain the technical thermal behavior of building materials and structures. The last part describes a practical model and analyzing measured data in thermal stress in the flat roof construction. The practical part also determines the importance of different influences configuration structures using to dynamic simulations. At the end of the practical part they are validated theoretical knowledge obtained by analyzing data from a practical model.