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Journal articles on the topic 'Digested sludges'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 15 June 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Hardegen, Justus, Patrick Braeutigam, Christian Abendroth, and Thomas Wichard. "Bisphenol A: Quantification in Complex Matrices and Removal by Anaerobic Sludges." Pollutants 1, no. 4 (2021): 194–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pollutants1040016.

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The endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most commonly found micropollutants in the environment. However, the biodegradation of BPA under anaerobic (methanogenic) conditions is still an understudied process in wastewater treatment systems. The current study thus addresses the need for a simple and user-friendly analytical method for the rapid and accurate quantification of BPA in complex matrices such as digested and co-digester sludges. We established a microwave-assisted extraction method, followed by derivatization and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to quantify BPA by c

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2

Martel, C. James, and Carl J. Diener. "Pilot-scale studies of sludge dewatering in a freezing bed." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 18, no. 4 (1991): 681–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l91-083.

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In 1986, a pilot-scale sludge freezing bed was constructed at the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory in Hanover, New Hampshire, U.S.A. This bed was operated for the next three years using both anaerobically and aerobically digested sludges. Results indicate that both sludges were effectively dewatered by this process. The maximum depth of sludge frozen during this study was 1.14 m. The final solid contents were 39.3% and 24.5% for anaerobically digested and aerobically digested sludges respectively. The quality of the meltwater from the bed was similar to raw wastewater

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3

Noyola, Adalberto, and Gloria Moreno. "Granule production from raw waste activated sludge." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 12 (1994): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0633.

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Granulation is an important characteristic of sludges used in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors. As the UASB technology is rapidly spreading, there is a need of granular sludge for inoculation of new reactors, particularly in those countries where anaerobic technologies have been just recently accepted. Alternative sources of inocula are digested sludge, digested manure, septic tank sludges and pond sediments. Raw waste activated sludges have also been identified as a convenient material for reactor seeding, with previous treatment. In this work, anaerobic flocculant sludge obtai

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4

Cheng, H. F., S. Y. Chen, and J. G. Lin. "Hazardous organic matters in municipal sewage sludge in Taiwan." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 10 (2001): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0582.

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Application of municipal sewage sludge to agricultural land has attracted significant attention in recent years because it conserves abundant nutrients and hydrocarbons that can be used as a soil amendment. The presence of hazardous organic matters (HOMs) in sewage sludge limits the feasibility of reuse of sewage sludge. The purpose of this study was to investigate the types and the concentrations of HOMs in municipal sewage sludge in Taiwan. An efficient SFE/GC/MS method was used to determine HOMs in sludge samples. The results indicated that di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was persistentl

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5

Bux, F., B. Atkinson, and H. C. Kasan. "Zinc biosorption by waste activated and digested sludges." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 10-11 (1999): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0640.

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Biological matter is known for its ability to biosorb solubilised heavy metal ions to its surface. Experiments were therefore conducted to assess the biosorptive capacity of two waste products of the wastewater treatment industry ie., waste activated and waste digested sludge. Surface charge of each was determined in order to relate electronegativity with biosorptive potential. Activated sludge was found to be more effective than digested sludge for removal of zinc from a metal plating effluent, viz., 5.9 mg Zn/(g sludge)−1 as opposed to 4.0 mg/g, respectively, as well as producing a higher ne

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6

Shang, Y., B. R. Johnson, and R. Sieger. "Application of the IWA Anaerobic Digestion Model (ADM1) for simulating full-scale anaerobic sewage sludge digestion." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 1-2 (2005): 487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0557.

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A steady-state implementation of the IWA Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) has been applied to the anaerobic digesters in two wastewater treatment plants. The two plants have a wastewater treatment capacity of 76,000 and 820,000 m3/day, respectively, with approximately 12 and 205 dry metric tons sludge fed to digesters per day. The main purpose of this study is to compare the ADM1 model results with full-scale anaerobic digestion performance. For both plants, the prediction of the steady-state ADM1 implementation using the suggested physico-chemical and biochemical parameter values was ab

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7

Watanabe, Haruki, Tomokazu Kitamura, Shuichi Ochi, and Masaaki Ozaki. "Inactivation of pathogenic bacteria under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 6-7 (1997): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0571.

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This paper concerns field survey and laboratory experiment on the inactivation of pathogenic bacteria during sludge treatment processes with particular emphasis on anaerobic digestion process. We surveyed the inactivation of pathogenic bacteria processes by sampling various types of sludges from 17 wastewater treatment plants located in Japan and counting the number of bacteria in the sampled sludges. The bacteria we counted included fecal coliform groups, enterococcus and salmonella. The median number of fecal coliform groups in primary sludge was found to be 105 MPN/g, while the number of fe

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8

Scheminski, A., R. Krull, and D. C. Hempel. "Oxidative treatment of digested sewage sludge with ozone." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 9 (2000): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0193.

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A process to improve anaerobic biodegradation of wastewater treatment sludges is investigated. Recalcitrant organic compounds which are contained in biologically stabilized digested sludge become biodegradable by partial oxidation using ozone and ozone in combination with hydrogen peroxide respectively. By oxidation with ozone, cell walls of microorganisms were destroyed and cytoplasm dissolved in sludge water. Water insoluble substances with high molecular weight were split into smaller, water soluble and biodegradable fragments. Sludge matrix composition regarding protein, lipid and polysacc

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9

Sarikaya, Hasan Z., and Salah Al-Marshoud. "Improvement of Dewatering Characteristics of Aerobically Digested Sludges." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 1 (1993): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0013.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of both sludge characteristics and operational parameters on polymer selection and optimal dose requirements to improve the dewatering characteristics of aerobically digested sludges of a contact stabilization activated sludge plant in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. In order to determine the dewatering characteristics of the sludge samples, capillary suction time (CST) and specific resistance to filtration (SRF) were measured. Cationic conditioning polymers were found more effective than the anionic types. The optimum polymer dose was equal to 4.2 kg

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10

Novak, J. T., N. Verma, and C. D. Muller. "The role of iron and aluminium in digestion and odor formation." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 9 (2007): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.705.

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The role of iron and aluminium in determining volatile solids reduction and odors from anaerobically digested, dewatered sludge cakes was evaluated from data collected from a variety of wastewater treatment plants. It was found that volatile solids reduction generally increased as the iron content of the sludge increased. It was also observed that odors increased with increasing iron. No correlation with aluminium or divalent cations was found. Based on these data it appears that the volatile solids reduction by anaerobic digestion is not useful for predicting the odors from anaerobically dige

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11

Wang, Jin, Zhen Jia Zhang, and Li Na Chi. "Character and Model of Anaerobic Granular Sludge Formation in the Sanitary Landfill." Advanced Materials Research 455-456 (January 2012): 1297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.455-456.1297.

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The microbiological structure characteristic and the particle diameter distribution of different sludges (aerobic excess sludge, sludge from sanitary landfill digested for one year, and granular sludge of pilot-scale expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor after 400 d of operation) were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and sieve. SEM of granules showed that the microbiological structure of the sludge from different sources had differences. But TEM proved that granules of EGSB and landfill both had similar kind of bacterial species

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12

De Leén, C., and D. Jenkins. "Removal of fecal coliforms by thermophilic anaerobic digestion processes." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 10 (2002): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0314.

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Recent U.S. EPA regulations (40 CFR Section 503) specify maximum concentrations of pathogens and metals for Class A wastewater treatment plant sludges. The most common sludge process is mesophilic (35¡C) digestion which stabilizes the solids, produces a combustible gas but does not create an effluent that meets the 503 Class A pathogen requirements. This investigation was conducted to determine whether anaerobic digestion processes incorporating a thermophilic stage could achieve 503 Class A pathogen levels. The research reported here was a bench-scale screening study meant to identify the mos

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13

Park, Nathan D., Ronald W. Thring, and Steve S. Helle. "Comparison of methane production by co-digesting fruit and vegetable waste with first stage and second stage anaerobic digester sludge from a two stage digester." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 7 (2012): 1252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.004.

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Fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) was co-digested with first stage (FSS) and second stage anaerobic digester sludge (SSS) separately, over the course of 10 days, in batch reactors. Addition of FVW significantly increased the methane production in both sludges. After 10 days of digestion FSS + FVW produced 514 ± 57 L CH4 kg VS−1added compared with 392 ± 16 L CH4 for the SSS + FVW. The increased methane yield was most likely due to the higher inoculum substrate ratio of the FSS. The final VS and COD contents of the sewer sludge and FVW mixtures were not significantly different from the control val

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14

Ravishankar, B. R., J. C. Auclair, and R. D. Tyagi. "Partitioning of Heavy Metals in Some Quebec Municipal Sludges." Water Quality Research Journal 29, no. 4 (1994): 457–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1994.029.

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Abstract The process efficiency of metal bioleaching from sewage sludges depends upon various physicochemical characteristics of sludges and the forms in which metals are present in these sludge solids. The aim of this research work was to evaluate the metal speciation in some Quebec sludges with the help of a sequential extraction procedure, in order to better predict the bioleaching process. The distribution of Al, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in exchangeable, sorbed, organically bound, carbonate, and residual forms were compared among both undigested and digested sludges. Metal redistribution after ae

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15

Chu, C. W., C. S. Poon, and R. Y. H. Cheung. "Characterization of raw sludge, chemically modified sludge and anaerobically digested sludge in Hong Kong." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 2 (1998): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0095.

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Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment (CEPT) or Chemically Assisted Primary Sedimentation (CAPS) is being employed at the new sewage work on Stonecutters Island as part of the Strategic Sewage Disposal Scheme (SSDS) in Hong Kong. CAPS involves the use of chemical coagulants (such as lime or ferric chloride) to induce coagulation or flocculation and let these finely-divided particles form large aggregates (floc) so that they can settle out within a reasonable period of time. In this study, five sludge samples collected from different sewage treatment plants in Hong Kong were physically and chem

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16

Seghezzo, L., C. M. Cuevas, A. P. Trupiano, et al. "Stability and activity of anaerobic sludge from UASB reactors treating sewage in subtropical regions." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 2 (2006): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.509.

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The production of small amounts of well-stabilized biological sludge is one of the main advantages of upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactors over aerobic wastewater treatment systems. In this work, sludge produced in three pilot-scale UASB reactors used to treat sewage under subtropical conditions was assessed for both stability and specific methanogenic activity. Stability of primary sludge from settling tanks and digested sludge from conventional sludge digesters was also measured for comparison purposes. Kinetic parameters like the hydrolysis rate constant and the decay rate constant w

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17

Prodanović, Jelena, Marina Šćiban, and Mirjana Antov. "Improvement of wastewater treatment by use of natural coagulants." Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People 2, no. 2 (2013): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/jedep.v2i2.20.

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An activated sludge and other organic sludges from wastewater treatment processes are usually anaerobically digested prior to application on land. The purpose of digestion is to convert bulky, odorous sludges to relatively inert material that can be rapidly dewatering. The important benefit of this process is a biogas production, too. It is proper to enlarge primary sludge production in a primary settler by adding some coagulation aids, with aim to increase a biogas production, as much as possible. The most common coagulant is alum, but presence of large quantities of aluminum salts in sludge

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18

Du, Weiwei, and Wayne Parker. "Liquid–gas partitioning of selected volatile organic sulfur compounds in anaerobically digested sludges." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 3 (2012): 573–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.207.

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The gas phase partitioning of volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs) in anaerobic sludge digesters contributes to odors and can impact upon the suitability of biogases for use in alternative energy recovery technologies. In the present study, effective Henry's law coefficients (H′) were estimated for methyl mercaptan (MM), dimethyl sulfide (DMS), and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) in both deionized water and deactivated digested sludge. It was found that the complex matrix of digested sludge did not significantly affect the partitioning of VOSCs. Therefore, partitioning of VOSCs in digesters cou

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19

Dong, Qirong, Martha Dagnew, Jeff Cumin, and Wayne Parker. "Preliminary evaluation of biosolids characteristics for anaerobic membrane reactors treating municipal wastewaters." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 8 (2015): 1446–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.356.

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This study assessed the characteristics of biosolids of a pilot-scale anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) treating municipal wastewater. The production of total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) was comparable to that reported for the extended aeration system at solids residence time (SRT) longer than 40 days. The yields of TS and VS were reduced as SRT increased from 40 to 100 days and increased with the addition of 26 mg/L of FeCl3. The AnMBR destroyed 60–82% of the VS loading in feed wastewater and hence it was concluded the biosolids met the requirements for vector attraction reductio

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20

Sekiguchi, Y., Y. Uyeno, A. Sunaga, H. Yoshida, and Y. Kamagata. "Sequence-specific cleavage of 16S rRNA for rapid and quantitative detection of particular groups of anaerobes in bioreactors." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 1-2 (2005): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0505.

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We developed a rapid and simple method for rRNA-based quantitative detection of a specific group of microorganisms in complex ecosystems. The method relies on the sequence-specific scission of 16S rRNA with ribonuclease H (RNase H) and oligonucleotides that specifically hybridize with targeted rRNA molecules. RNAs from a complex community were first mixed with an oligonucleotide and were subsequently digested with RNase H to achieve sequence-dependent rRNA cleavage at the hybridization site. For the quantitative detection of targeted rRNAs, the resulting RNA fragment patterns were analyzed by

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21

Lowe, Paul, Michael Brown, and Kathleen Hudson. "The influence of fibres on the structure of thermally dried sludge product." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 3-4 (1996): 469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0465.

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There appears to be a limited experience world-wide in the application of thermal drying technology to processing raw undigested sludge. This limited experience has shown that the products from raw sludge processing have a much lower bulk density than those from digested sludge. The apparent reason for this phenomenon demonstrated by this work, is the high concentration of fibres in the raw undigested sludge. Different sludges show varying degrees of fibre concentration with a decrease in fibre content as the proportion of secondary sludge increases. The relationship between the bulk density o

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22

WILD, S. "Chlorophenols in digested U.K. sewage sludges." Water Research 27, no. 10 (1993): 1527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(93)90097-2.

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23

Anderson, B. C., and D. S. Mavinic. "Improvement in aerobic sludge digestion through pH control: initial assessment of pilot-scale studies." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 14, no. 4 (1987): 477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l87-072.

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Waste-activated sludges from an extended-aeration, pilot-scale wastewater treatment facility and a high-rate, full-scale system were aerobically digested in 150 L pilot-scale digesters, operated in a semicontinuous (daily fill-and-draw) mode, at a standard 15-day solids retention time (SRT). To offset the mixed-liquor pH (MLpH) decrease normally encountered in these digesters (as a result of nitrification), hydrated lime and sodium bicarbonate were used in separate experiments to control MLpH in the series pH 6, 7, 8, and 9. Digester performance in the first stage of this work was assessed sol

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Eskicioglu, C., K. J. Kennedy, and R. L. Droste. "Initial examination of microwave pretreatment on primary, secondary and mixed sludges before and after anaerobic digestion." Water Science and Technology 57, no. 3 (2008): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.010.

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The effects of microwave pretreatment on disintegration and mesophilic digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS), primary sludge (PS), combined (PS + WAS) sequencing batch reactor (SBR) sludge and anaerobically digested biocake were investigated by both household and bench scale industrial types microwaves at temperatures below and above boiling point. Pretreatment variables, temperature, intensity (cooking rate) and sludge concentration had statistically significant effects on solubilization. The microwave pretreatment also increased the bioavailability of sludge components under batch anaero

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Hsiao, P. C., and S. L. Lo. "Extractability and fractionation of heavy metals in chemically treated sewage sludges." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 10 (2001): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0590.

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Four chemically treated sludges, lime-treated (LS), lime/sodium silicate-treated (LSS), cement-treated (CS), and cement/sodium silicate-treated (CSS) were produced form the chemical treatment of aerobic digested sewage sludge cake, using lime, cement, and sodium silicate as additives. Ex tractability and fractionation of the heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cr, and Zn) in these products and untreated sludge (S) were investigated using sequential extraction, single extraction, and 13C cross-polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance analysis (13C-NMR). These approaches revealed that chem

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Vesilind, P. Aarne, Seppo Wallinmaa, and C. James Martel. "Freeze–thaw sludge conditioning and double layer compression." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 18, no. 6 (1991): 1078–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l91-130.

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Freeze–thaw conditioning of water and wastewater sludges is known to be an effective and economical means of promoting dewatering when natural freezing is employed. When sludge freezes, both the suspended and dissolved solids are rejected by the growing ice front. Particles trapped in ice are known to have a very thin layer of water surrounding them and this water does not freeze at normal temperatures. Dissolved solids are thought to accumulate in this layer, causing an increase in the ionic strength of the water. This may cause compression of the double layer, leading to neutralization of re

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27

Anderson, B. C., and D. S. Mavinic. "Behaviour of volatile and nonvolatile suspended solids in the pilot-scale aerobic digestion of waste-activated sludges." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 20, no. 1 (1993): 22–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l93-003.

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Pilot-scale research into the characterization and enhancement of the aerobic digestion of waste-activated sludges was performed. Waste sludge from two sources was aerobically digested at varying operating temperatures; to offset the naturally occurring mixed liquor pH (MLpH) decrease due to nitrification, small amounts of Ca(OH)2 or NaHCO3 were added to maintain target MLpH levels of pH 6, 7, and 8. Results indicated that volatile mass reduction was severely curtailed at low MLpH, but could be significantly improved through MLpH control, with increases of > 100% in performance over the low

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28

Langer, S. J., and R. Klute. "Rapid Mixing in Sludge Conditioning with Polymers." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 1 (1993): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0054.

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The effect of mixing in sludge conditioning with polymers on the sludge dewaterability has been investigated by many researchers. What has been lacking so far are experimental data from a systematic variation of the rapid-mix conditions. Thus an experimental set-up was chosen to evaluate the effect of mixing by conditioning wastewater sludges in continuous mode rather than in batch-mode. The results show that the rapid-mix conditions have a strong effect on sludge dewaterability. Variations in the rotational speed of in-line stirring devices revealed that intense mixing is mandatory when condi

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Cheng, H. F., S. Y. Chen, and J. G. Lin. "Biodegradation of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in sewage sludge." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 12 (2000): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0227.

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Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is widely used as a plasticizer in the production of polyvinyl chloride to impart flexibility to the product. Because of its mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, the presence of DEHP in sludge limits the application of sludge as a soil fertilizer. In this study, sludges were collected from three sewage treatment plants and thirteen wastewater treatment plants of different industries in Taiwan. A supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was first established as an effective method for determining the concentration of DEHP in sludge. Laboratory-scale land-simulated ex

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Kolisch, G., and T. Rolfs. "Integrated sidestream treatment for enhanced enlargement of sewage plants." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 9 (2000): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0194.

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The filtrates or centrates from dewatering of digested sludges cause high internal nitrogen loads on sewage treatment plants. Especially at poor inflow C:N ratios separate treatment of these sludge liquors can significantly relieve the biological treatment stage. We developed a new process for a biological sidestream treatment with primary sludge as the carbon source for denitrification. The process has beeen tested in laboratory-scale tests and by computer simulations. The stability of the process is being investigated in a full-scale application under practical conditions.

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Hwa, Tay Joo, and S. Jeyaseelan. "Conditioning of oily sludges with municipal solid wastes incinerator fly ash." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 8 (1997): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0318.

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Conditioning of sludges improves dewatering characteristics and reduces the quantity of sludge to be handled. Anaerobic digested sludge collected from a sewage treatment plant contained 1.8% to 8% oil. The increase of specific resistance and capillary suction time (CST) with increasing oil content observed in these samples indicates the interference of oil in dewatering. It has been found that addition of municipal solid wastes incinerator fly ash decreases the specific resistances and capillary suction times of oily sludges rapidly up to 3% dosage. Beyond 3% fly ash, the decrease is less sign

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Neis, U., K. Nickel, and A. Tiehm. "Enhancement of anaerobic sludge digestion by ultrasonic disintegration." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 9 (2000): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0174.

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Biological cell lysis is known to be the rate limiting step of anaerobic sludge stabilization. Shear forces generated by high-power ultrasound can be used to disintegrate bacterial cells in sewage sludge. Thus the quantity of bioavailable dissolved organic substrate (Chemical Oxygen Demand) is significantly increased. As a result the subsequent sludge degradation is accelerated considerably. In our tests the fermentation process of sonicated waste activated sludge remained stable even at a very short digestion time of 4 days. The enhanced degradation rate resulted in a reduced volatile solids

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Alcock, Ruth E., and Kevin C. Jones. "Polychlorinated biphenyls in digested UK sewage sludges." Chemosphere 26, no. 12 (1993): 2199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(93)90346-7.

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Oake, R. J., C. S. Booker, and R. D. Davis. "Fractionation of Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludges." Water Science and Technology 17, no. 4-5 (1985): 587–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1985.0162.

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Metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) have been fractionated in representative sewage sludges (primary, secondary, digested) by a sequential extraction procedure using KNO3 1M (removes the ‘exchangeable' fraction), KF 0.5M (‘sorbed'), Na4P2O7 0.1M (‘organic'), Na2EDTA 0.1M (‘carbonate') and HNO3 6M (‘sulphide'). Major differences according to sludge type were not seen. Cd occurred mainly in the ‘carbonate' fraction and 38–62% of Cr was in the ‘organic' fraction. 43–70% Cu was in the sulphide fraction whilst &gt;40% of Ni was extracted in the ‘exchangeable/sorbed' fractions. Pb was found predo

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Campbell, H. W., and T. R. Bridle. "Conversion of Sludge to Oil: A Novel Approach to Sludge Management." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 10-11 (1989): 1467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0343.

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Experiments at the Wastewater Technology Centre have shown that low temperature conversion of sludge to oil represents a promising alternative to sludge incineration. A 1kg/h bench-scale reactor produced oil yields ranging from a low of 13% for an anaerobically digested sludge to a high of 46% for a mixed raw sludge. Char yields ranged from 40 to 73% at the optimum operating temperatures. Preliminary results from a 40 kg/h pilot plant were similar to those obtained on the bench-scale system with the same sludges. The economics of the conversion process are compared with those for incineration.

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Novak, J. T., and C. Park. "Chemical conditioning of sludge." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 10 (2004): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0612.

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With all the advances made in understanding the structure and composition of sewage sludges, chemical conditioning remains a trial and error process, both with regard to the type and dose of conditioner needed. Recent studies at Virginia Tech have found that biological floc consists of two types of biopolymer, material associated with iron and aluminium and material associated with calcium and magnesium. These materials behave differently when sludges undergo digestion. This results in very different material being released into solution during digestion and very different conditioning require

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Ahmed, M. Feroze, and Tanvir Ahmed. "Characterization of sewage sludge particles influencing dewaterability." Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences 48, no. 2 (2024): 171–84. https://doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v48i2.72132.

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This study presents an investigation into the fundamental characteristics of sludge particles that influence the dewaterability of sewage sludge. Dewatering of sewage sludge is required for the reduction of sludge volume, sludge treatment, and safe disposal of sludges having very high pollution potentials. Particle characteristics important for dewatering, like particle size distribution, particle density, bound water content, surface charge, protein, and polysaccharide content of activated and digested sludges, were determined. Without a suitable method for analyzing the total range of partic

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Huang, J., M. Elektorowicz, and J. A. Oleszkiewicz. "Dewatering and disinfection of aerobic and anaerobic sludge using an electrokinetic (EK) system." Water Science and Technology 57, no. 2 (2008): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.009.

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The objectives of the study were to upgrade sewage sludge to Class A Exceptional Quality biosolids (as defined by US EPA) using an electrokinetics dewatering system. The pathogens monitored were Salmonella spp, and fecal coliforms (FC). Ten bench-scale electrokinetic cells were set up for the disinfection of the following sludges: primary, secondary (attached growth culture and suspended culture), and anaerobically digested sludge. A conditioning liquid was also added to five cells. Blower system to aid in dewatering and drying was used in in four EK cells. Sludge characteristics such as water

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Battistoni, P. "Pre-treatment, measurement execution procedure and waste characteristics in the rheology of sewage sludges and the digested organic fraction of municipal solid wastes." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 11 (1997): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0391.

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The rheology of a wide range of sludges coming from wastewater treatment plants and from the digestion and codigestion process of sewage sludge and organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) is measured. Sieve pre-treatment is necessary for selecting the solid fraction (&lt;0.84 mm) in order to carry out measurement avoiding bob locking in a rotational viscosimeter. All sludges, except those from double phase digestion of source selected OFMSW, have a minimum of 80% TS and 70% TVS in this fraction. By using a plastic model, the flow curve offers a yield stress with a high standard d

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Qi, Y. N., S. Gillow, D. S. Herson, and S. K. Dentel. "Reactivation and/or growth of fecal coliform bacteria during centrifugal dewatering of anaerobically digested biosolids." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 9 (2004): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0549.

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Fecal coliform bacteria are used as indicator organisms for the presence of pathogens. In sludges, it has often been assumed that the counts of fecal coliforms after digestion (where the sludges may also be called biosolids) are representative of the counts when the sludge is disposed or recycled, such as by land application. The possibility has been raised, however, that dewatering processes can lead to increased counts of fecal coliforms and, by inference, human pathogens. This paper presents data from previous studies of this possibility; the results were inconsistent but showed observable

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Fraser, J. A. L., A. F. Godfree, and F. Jones. "Use of Peracetic Acid in Operational Sewage Sludge Disposal to Pasture." Water Science and Technology 17, no. 4-5 (1985): 451–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1985.0151.

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Intestinal pathogens and parasites are a problem associated with the disposal of sewage sludge to pasture. Those of major importance are ova of the beef tapeworm (Taenia saginata) and Salmonella bacteria. Techniques for routine monitoring of pathogens and intestinal parasite levels in sludge together with design of simple methods for their removal have intensified, because disposal of sewage sludge to pasture is coming under increasing international surveillance. The performance during field trials of a proprietary peracetic acid compound (containing 36 to 40% w/w peracetic acid), hereafter re

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Hwa, Tay Joo, and S. Jeyaseelan. "Comparison of lime and alum as oily sludge conditioners." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 12 (1997): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0438.

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Chemical conditioning improves sludge dewatering. Choice of chemical conditioners is very much dependent on the characteristics of the sludges and the type of dewatering devices. Lime, alum, ferric chloride and polyelectrolytes are commonly used chemical conditioners. Anaerobic digested sludge samples collected from a sewage treatment plant with different oil contents varying from 1.8% to 8.0% by weight have been examined in the laboratory to find out their specific resistance, capillary suction time and filter yield. Lime and alum were used separately as conditioners. Different dosages of con

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43

Battistoni, P., G. Fava, C. Stanzini, F. Cecchi, and A. Bassetti. "Feed Characteristics and Digester Operative Conditions as Parameters Affecting the Rheology of Digested Municipal Solid Wastes." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 2 (1993): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0073.

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The rheology of pre-composted and fresh organic fractions of municipal solid wastes (OFMSW) anaerobically digested in thermophilic range of temperature and different operative conditions is presented. Rheological properties are strongly influenced by feed characteristics and the biodEgradation achieved. The metabolization of complex substrates has been invoked to explain different behaviours. A semiempirical model of plastic viscosity with total volatile solids, organic loading rate removed and specific gas production before feeding is proposed. The fluid behaviour of OFMSW sludges where compl

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Müller, J. "Disintegration as a key-step in sewage sludge treatment." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 8 (2000): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0151.

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Fields of application of the mechanical sewage sludge disintegration are presented. Various methods of mechanical cell disintegration are described and the obtained results are compared. All methods are able to break up the flocs, but only some of them provide enough energy for the disruption of micro-organisms. The possible improvement of the anaerobic degradation process using raw sludge, excess sludge and digested sludge is shown. Excesssludge proves to be the most suitable. The use of disintegrated sludge as a carbon source for the denitrification is explained as a second field of applicat

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Gülec, S. B., T. T. Onay, and A. Erdincler. "Determination of the remaining stabilization potential of landfilled solid waste by sludge addition." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 9 (2000): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0223.

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Ultimate disposal of wastewater sludges is one of the most concerning steps of sludge management. As an alternative disposal, reuse of sludge as a soil conditioner or fertilizer has had some success. Another alternative is the addition of sludge to the solid waste landfills. Many researchers have studied the effects of sludge addition to the solid waste stabilization in landfills. However, part of the researchers found positive effects, while others found either negative effects or no effects at all. This study investigates the remaining stabilization potential of the solid waste retrieved fro

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Wilson, Susan C., Victoria Burnett, Keith S. Waterhouse, and Kevin C. Jones. "Volatile organic compounds in digested United Kingdom sewage sludges." Environmental Science & Technology 28, no. 2 (1994): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00051a012.

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Batista, Jacimaria R., and Hyunju Jeong. "Prediction of Struvite Formation Potential in EBPR Digested Sludges." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2006, no. 7 (2006): 5185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864706783763372.

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Tabatabaei, Seyedali. "Impact of organic contents on sludge rheology and dewaterability." Water e-Journal 10, no. 4 (2024): 1–3. https://doi.org/10.21139/wej.2024.009.

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Understanding the relationship between the rheological behaviour of digested sludge and its dewaterability is crucial for reducing the overall operating costs of the dewatering process. Municipal sewage sludge exhibits complex and unpredictable rheological properties due to its nature as a suspension containing various degradable and non-degradable organic matter, including extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). This study analyses the effect of different conditioning technologies on the non-degradable organic matter in sludge and their impact on dewatering performance and rheological behav

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Winter, P., and S. C. Duckham. "Analaysis of volatile odour compounds in digested sewage sludge and aged sewage sludge cake." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 6 (2000): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0095.

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A number of malodorous compounds were identified in digested sludge and the corresponding sludge cakes. The major components included a number of sulfides. The levels of these compounds were monitored in order to investigate the influence of the sludge treatment process and length of cake storage on the malodour of treated sewage sludge. Two sewage treatment works (STWs) were surveyed. One of the works (Site B) produced very malodorous sludge cake, whilst the other produced a much less odorous cake (Site A). The analysis consisted of purge and trap sampling of liquefied samples followed by gas

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Beauchesne, I., S. Barnabé, D. G. Cooper, and J. A. Nicell. "Plasticizers and related toxic degradation products in wastewater sludges." Water Science and Technology 57, no. 3 (2008): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.001.

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Plasticizers can persist during the treatment of wastewaters in sewage treatment plants (STPs) and can be discharged in effluents and/or accumulated in sewage sludges. For example, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is a common plasticizer that is now considered a priority pollutant and is known to accumulate in sludges. This may add constraints to the exploitation of the beneficial uses of sludges that contain significant quantities of plasticizers. Recently, it was demonstrated in studies with pure cultures that the biodegradation of plasticizers including DEHP and di-ethylhexyl adipate (DEHA)

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