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1
Hisano, Hamilton, Marco Aurélio Lopes Della Flora, José Luiz Pilecco, and Simone Mendonça. "Apparent digestibility of nutrients, energy, and amino acid of nontoxic and detoxified physic nut cakes for Nile tilapia." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 50, no. 9 (September 2015): 849–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2015000900014.
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Abstract:The objective of this work was to evaluate the apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients, energy, and amino acids of nontoxic and detoxified physic nut cakes treated with solvent plus posterior extrusion, for Nile tilapia. The apparent digestibility coefficients of crude protein and gross energy were higher for detoxified than for nontoxic physic nut cake. However, the apparent digestibility coefficient of ether extract of the nontoxic physic nut cake was higher than that of the detoxified one. The apparent digestibility coefficient of amino acids of both feed ingredients was superior to 80%, except for glycine, for the nontoxic psychic nut cake, and for threonine, for the detoxified one. Nontoxic and detoxified physic nut cakes show apparent digestibility coefficient values equivalent to those of the other evaluated oilseeds and potential for inclusion in Nile tilapia diets.
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Lyberg, K., T. Lundh, C. Pedersen, and J. E. Lindberg. "Influence of soaking, fermentation and phytase supplementation on nutrient digestibility in pigs offered a grower diet based on wheat and barley." Animal Science 82, no. 6 (December 2006): 853–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asc2006109.
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AbstractThe effects of 1-h soaking, fermentation and phytase supplementation of a pig diet based on wheat and barley on ileal and total tract apparent digestibility in growing pigs fitted with a post valve T-caecum (PVTC)-cannula were studied. Eight animals in a two-period change-over design were used, subjecting four animals to each treatment (dry, soaked, microbial phytase supplemented or fermented diet). Acid insoluble ash was used as an indigestible marker for calculating apparent digestibility coefficients. Fermentation improved (P<0·05) the ileal apparent digestibility coefficients of organic matter (OM), nitrogen and amino acids, while there was no effect of 1-h soaking and phytase supplementation. The total tract apparent digestibility coefficient of OM was also improved by fermentation. The ileal apparent digestibility coefficient of phosphorus (P) was higher for fermentation (P<0·05) than for dry food and 1-h soaking. The total tract apparent digestibility coefficient of P was higher (P<0·05) for treated food (soaked, fermented and supplemented with microbial phytase) compared with dry food. Fermentation improved (P<0·05) the ileal apparent digestibility coefficient of calcium compared with dry and soaked food, and had no effect on the total tract apparent digestibility coefficient of calcium. Food inositol phosphates were affected by treatment (P<0·05), with a reduction of P bound to inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) of 10% in the 1-h soaked food and of 80% in the fermented food. Degradation of IP6in the gastro-intestinal tract of the animals was lower in the fermented food than in the other treatments. The content of neutral-detergent fibre in the food was reduced (P<0·05) in the soaked and fermented food by 4% and 14%, respectively, compared with the dry food. In conclusion, fermentation of food can improve digestibility of OM, degrade IP6and increase ileal digestibility of phosphorus, nitrogen and amino acids.
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Pamungkas, Wahyu, Dedi Jusadi, and Nur Bambang Priyo Utomo. "THE EFFECTIVITY TEST OF SHEEP RUMEN LIQUOR ENZYME ADDED TO PALM KERNEL MEAL ON ITS DECREASE OF CRUDE FIBER AND APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY COEFFICIENT FOR CATFISH Pangasius hypophthalmus DIET." Indonesian Aquaculture Journal 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2011): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/iaj.6.2.2011.149-156.
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Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the hydrolysis of fiber content in palm kernel meal (PKM) by sheep rumen liquor enzyme and to know the apparent digestibility coefficient of hydrolyzed PKM for catfish Pangasius hypophthalmus. The first trial examined effectivity of sheep rumen liquor enzyme to decrease crude fiber content of PKM. The added volume of sheep rumen liquor enzyme was 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mL/kg PKM and then it was incubated for 0, 12, and 24 hours. A factorial completely randomized experimental design consisted of 2 variables and triplicates were selected. The second trial was conducted to evaluate the apparent digestibility coefficients of hydrolized PKM for catfish. Apparent digestibility coefficients were determined using chromic oxide indicator added to both reference and test diets. The feed ingredients used in the trial were hydrolyzed PKM (PKMe) and unhydrolyzed PKM (PKM). Ten fishes with weighing around 20 g were used in the trial and held in 80 l tanks. Feces were collected from three replicate groups of fish using a fecal collection column attached to fish rearing tank. PKM hydrolyzed with 100 mL/kg and incubated for 24 hour showed the lowest crude fiber content (6.99%) among the treatments (P<0.05). Apparent digestibility coefficient of hydrolyzed PKM was 57.57% compared with unhydrolyzed PKM 15.31%. Based on the evaluation in those parameters it was concluded that sheep rumen liquor enzyme added to PKM was effective to decrease crude fiber content of PKM and improve apparent digestibility coefficient of PKM for catfish.
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Vojtíšková, Petra, and Stanislav Kráčmar. "Crude protein, fibre and phytic acid in vitro digestibility of selected legume and buckwheat samples." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 1 (2013): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361010227.
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The aim of this study was to determine crude protein, fibre and phytic acid in vitro digestibility of selected legumes and buckwheat products. All analyses except the phytic acid contents were performed in the line with the Commission Regulation (EC) No. 152/2009. A modified version of Holt’s Method was used for phytic acid (phytate) determination. None of all samples contained more than 11% of moisture. Soybeans are rich in crude protein; they contain nearly 40% of this compound. The content of crude protein in buckwheat flours was about 14%. The highest amount of phytate was found in common beans and soybeans-about 2 g/100 g of dry matter. On the other hand, the lowest phytate content was observed in buckwheat pasta (< 1 g/100 g). The quantification of phytate in F. esculentum groats was 1.9 g per 100 g of dry matter. In vitro digestibility was determined using an incubator Daisy and pepsin enzymes and the combination of pepsin and pancreatin. The highest coefficient of crude protein digestibility was discovered to be in peels and wholemeal flour. The greatest fibre digestibility coefficients were obtained for peels, which contain about 65% of fibre in their dry matter. When pepsin was used, a higher phytic acid digestibility coefficient for G. max, Ph. vulgaris, peels, flour, groats and broken groats was observed; while when the combination of pepsin and pancreatin was used, higher phytic acid digestibility coefficients for peas, lentil and wholemeal flour were observed.
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Sofyan, Muh, I. G. L. O. Cakra, and I. G. A. A. Putra. "Consumption, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention in pe goats received ransum with various levels of gamal (gliricidiasepium) balance versus concentrate." International journal of life sciences 4, no. 1 (February 10, 2020): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.29332/ijls.v4n1.380.
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The research aims to determine the consumption, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention in PE goats, which has been carried out in Sidemen Village, Karangasem, Bali and in the Lab. Animal Nutrition and Feed at Udayana University. The research design used was the Latin Square Design (LSD) with treatment consisting of (P1) 55% field grass with 45% concentrate; (P2) 55% field grass with 15% Gamal and 30% concentrate; (P3) 55% field grass with 30% Gamal and 15% concentrate; (P4) 55% field grass with 45% Gamal. Research variables include consumption, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention. The results showed the consumption of dry matter and crude protein between treatments was not significantly different (P> 0.05). Crude fiber consumption of P4 treatment was significantly (P <0.05) higher than P1, but P4 was not significant (P> 0.05) higher than P2 and P3. The dry matter digestibility coefficient and crude fiber digestibility coefficient between treatments were statistically significantly different (P> 0.05). The digestibility coefficient of organic matter, crude protein digestion coefficient and nitrogen retention in the P1 treatment were not significantly (P> 0.05) higher than P2, but P1 was significantly (P <0.05) higher than P3 and P4.
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Zadinelo, Izabel Volkweis, Lilian Dena Santos, Helton José Alves, Rafaela Mocochinski Gonçalves, Marlise Teresinha Mauerwerk, Lilian Carolina Rosa Silva, Eduardo Luis Cupertino Ballester, and Robie Allan Bombardelli. "Apparent digestibility coefficient of chitosan foam for nile tilapia." Brazilian Journal of Development 6, no. 3 (2020): 10044–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv6n3-036.
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Logato, Priscila Vieira Rosa, Norka da Silva Albernaz, Paula Adriane Perez Ribeiro, Rilke Tadeu Fonseca de Freitas, and Elias Tadeu Fialho. "Effect of the ration processing on the apparent digestibility values of nutrients for the piau (Leporinus elongatus)." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 33, no. 3 (June 2009): 890–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542009000300032.
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The experiment carried out at National Center for Research in Tropical Fish Pirassununga, SP, aiming to determine the effect of the ration processing on the apparent digestibility coefficients of the ingredients for the piau (L. elongatus). A total of 600 males of piau were utilized, allotted into six ponds of 300L. The applied treatments were: grinder processed ration, pelleting ration and extruded ration, utilizing rations with 32% crude protein and 3400 Kcal DE.Kg-1. The experiment was in a randomized blocks design with three treatments, three blocks and two replicates. The data were submitted to variance analysis by the SAEG computational package and the means of the treatments compared by SNK test (5% of significance). The results showed that there were significant differences among the digestibility coefficients of both protein and energy for the pelleted and extrused rations (P<0.05). The results showed no statistical differences for the apparent digestibility coefficient of the dry matter (P>0.05).
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Idowu, O. M. O. "The effect of graded levels of Magnesium Sulphate (MgSO4) in practical broiler starter diets in the humid tropics." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 38, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 122–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v38i2.2803.
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A total of 144 day-old Anak 2000 strain of broiler chicks were used in the study. A basal diet was formulated and supplemented at 0, 200, 400, 600 mg kg of MgSO4 to constitute four dietary treatments. The birds were randomly allotted to the four dietary treatment groups and replicated thrice (12 birds per replicate). The performance characteristics, rutrient digestion coefficients, Mg utilization coefficients and haematological and biochemical parameters of the birds were determined Feed conversion ratio, crude protein retention, Mg utilization and blood parameters were highest in birds fed diet containing 400mg kg MgSO4 There were significant (p<0.05) differences in the final body weight, weight gain, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) and crude protein retention Liver Mg content, Mg intake and excretion increased significantly in a dosage dependent manner. Nutrients digestibility increased significantly as Mg levels increased from 0 to 400mg though, digestibility coefficients of Mg were significantly (p>0.05) depressed across treatments. However, serum Mg, Mg digestibility coefficient and tissue Mg residue were similar across treatment groups. The results showed that inclusion of 400mg kg supplemental MgSO4 in practical broiler starter diets resulted in improved performance and nutrients digestibility of the birds.
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Araujo, Daniel de Magalhães, Ademir Calvo Fernandes Júnior, Fernando Kojima Nakagome, André Moreira Bordinhon, Margarida Maria Barros, and Luiz Edivaldo Pezzato. "Apparent Digestibility Coefficient of Proteic and Energetic Ingredients for Goldfish." Ensaios e Ciência C Biológicas Agrárias e da Saúde 24, no. 1 (May 27, 2020): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-6938.2020v24n1p16-21.
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Kinguios são uma das mais importantes espécies de peixes ornamentais criadas mundialmente, entretanto, são insuficientes os estudos com digestibilidade de ingredientes para a espécie. O objetivo com este estudo foi determinar os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparentes (CDAs) da matéria seca, proteína bruta e energia bruta de ingredientes energéticos (quirera de arroz, farinha de milho e farelo de trigo) e proteicos (farelo de soja, farinha de peixe, farinha de vísceras de aves) para kinguios (Carassius auratus). O óxido de cromo III foi usado como marcador inerte. Os CDAs da matéria seca e energia dos ingredients energéticos foram, em ordem decrescente: quirera de arroz (97,19 e 94,55%), farinha de milho (76,61 e 77,65%) e farelo de trigo (45.43 e 48.83%); enquanto nos ingredientes proteicos foram: farelo de soja (72,14 e 73,54%), farinha de vísceras de aves (61,77 e 69,50%) e farinha de peixe (47,48 e 60,65%). CDAs da proteína foram mais altos para o farelo de soja (96,11%) e de milho (90,77%), enquanto os menores valores foram observados para a farinha de peixe (75,53%) e farelo de trigo (73,06%). Em geral, os nutrientes da quirera de arroz e do farelo de soja foram aproveitados mais eficientemente pelos peixes. Ainda que todos os ingredientes estudados sejam passíveis de uso em dietas de kinguios, o farelo de trigo deve ser utilizado com precaução, em decorrência da baixa digestibilidade.
Palavras-chave: Carassius auratus. Farinha de Peixe. Farinha de Vísceras de Aves. Milho. Quirera de Arroz.
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Kinguios are one of the most important ornamental fish, however the studies about ingredients digestibility for this species are insufficient. The objective of this study was to determine apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter, gross energy and crude protein of energetic (broken rice, corn meal, and wheat bran) and proteic (soybean meal, fishmeal and poultry by-product meal) feedstuffs for goldfish (Carassius auratus). Chromium oxide III was used as an external marker. The digestibility values of dry matter and energy, in decreasing order, were higher for broken rice (97.19 and 94.55%), corn meal (76.61 and 77.65%) and wheat bran (45.43 and 48.83%) in energetic ingredients; and soybean meal (72.14 and 73.54%), poultry by-product meal (61.77 and 69.50%) and fish meal (47.48 and 60.65%) in proteic ingredients. Protein digestibility values were higher for soybean meal (96.11%) and corn meal (90.77%) and the lowest values were observed for fishmeal (75.53%) and wheat bran (73.06%). In general, broken rice and soybean meal nutrients were more efficiently used by fish. Although all the studied ingredients are suitable for use in diets for goldfish, wheat bran should be used with caution because of its low digestibility.
Keywords: Carassius auratus. Corn, Broken Rice. Fishmeal. Poultry Meal.
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Asad, Farkhanda, Samina Qamer, Asma Ashraf, Azhar Rafique, Zunaira Shaheen, Ayesha Nisar, and Sidra Javaid. "Apparent nutrient digestibility of carbohydrate (corn) in Cirrhinus mrigala under the influence of chromium chloride hexahydrate." Brazilian Journal of Biology 80, no. 3 (September 2020): 518–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.214176.
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Abstract A feeding trial was carried out to assess the effect of dietary chromium supplementation on apparent nutrient digestibility coefficient (%) of gelatinized and non-gelatinized corn in Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings for 90 days. Using various levels of chromium chloride hexahydrate six test diets designated as T1 (G/0.0 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg Kg-1), T2 (NG/0.0 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg Kg-1), T3 (G/0.2 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg Kg-1), T4 (NG/0.2 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg Kg-1), T5 (G/0.4 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg Kg-1) and T6 (NG/0.4 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg Kg-1) were prepared. Results showed highest apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of nutrients dry matter, crude lipid and gross energy in test diet T5 that was gelatinized and supplemented with chromium 0.4 mg/Kg while, for crude protein higher value of nutrient digestibility was recorded in T3 test diet (G/0.2 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg/Kg). It was concluded that chromium supplementation with gelatinized corn in fish (Cirrhinus mrigala) diet can improve the nutrients digestibility more efficiently.
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Leal, Leon Lima, Ana Paula de Souza Ramos, Marcel José Martins Dos Santos, Francisco Oliveira de Magalhães Júnior, José Fernando Bibiano Melo, Marianne Schorer, and Luís Gustavo Tavares Braga. "Apparent digestibility in marine mutton snapper juveniles and digestive activity of enzymes." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 9 (August 30, 2020): e586997555. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i9.7555.
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The marine species of snapper, Lutjanus analis, has carnivorous eating habits and with potential for cultivation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the apparent digestibility coefficient (CDA) of mutton snapper, and to evaluate its enzymatic profile after feeding with vegetable and animal protein sources. CDA was the indirect method of fecal collection, using chromic oxide as a biological marker. Eight hundred fish, with an average weight of 28.0 ± 2.58 g, were acclimated for 15 days in a net tank (2 m³), and installed in the same collection environment. The acclimatization of 54 fish was carried out in digestibility aquariums (200 L), and the collection of feces started. For mutton snapper, the supply of octopus flour improves (P <0.05) the digestibility of dry matter (CDAMS, 67.17%), crude protein (CDAPB, 90.9%) and crude energy (CDAGE, 78, 8%). Regarding the digestibility of lipids (CDAL), anchovy flour has more (P <0.05) digestible lipids (78.1%), followed by the tested ingredients, fish meal (72.4%) and flour octopus (69.7%). Apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and crude energy were low (P <0.05) for shrimp meal and soybean meal. Mutton snapper fed with octopus flour has higher digestibility coefficients, suggesting this ingredient for species. All diets caused low amylase activity in juveniles, and lipase and alkaline protease activities were higher with the inclusion of broadband anchovy flour and octopus flour, respectively.
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Ryvak, Н. P., G. I. Boyko, R. O. Ryvak, and S. V. Davydovych. "COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF PROTEIN VALUE OF FEED RAW MATERIALS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN." Scientific and Technical Bulletin оf State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medical Products and Fodder Additives аnd Institute of Animal Biology 21, no. 2 (October 27, 2020): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36359/scivp.2020-21-2.22.
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The article presents a literature review on the need to balance feed for farm animals and poultry on the content of complete protein, which contains a complete set of essential and essential amino acids, the characteristics of feed materials of animal origin in relation to its protein value.
The section "Materials and methods" presents methods for determining: crude protein by the Kjeldahl method, digestible protein with 0,2 % pepsin, and the coefficient of digestibility, and the principles of testing, as well as characteristics of methods for determining the content of essential and non-essential amino acids. incl. sulfur-containing, using the system of capillary electrophoresis "Kapel-105M".
As a result of the conducted researches it is established that in terms of protein value (digestible protein and digestibility coefficient) feather flour is the least valuable, it is also poor in lysine, methionine, tryptophan and histidine, compared to other types of raw materials, despite hydrolysis and high heat treatment. Meat and bone meal are also less valuable in terms of digestible protein and essential amino acids. The best indicators of protein value were observed in dry blood plasma in terms of digestible protein content and digestibility coefficient, which is 89.9%, which indicates its good digestibility by animals and poultry.
In terms of digestible protein, essential amino acids and digestibility, meat, blood meal and dry blood plasma are the most valuable. Due to this, these products are effective in feeding for protein synthesis of livestock and poultry products.
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Straková, Eva, and Pavel Suchý. "Content of nutrients and energy in pasture vegetation and their apparent digestibility in Old Kladruber horses." Acta Veterinaria Brno 82, no. 1 (2013): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201382010037.
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This study focuses on the determination of apparent digestibility of pasture vegetation nutrients in horses of the Old Kladruber breed through a balance indicator method (determination of acid insoluble ash). When evaluating the nitrogenous substances, their determination was based on the content of pure protein (sum of amino acids) which is more accurate than crude protein. There were differences in the chemical composition of dry matter from pasture vegetation and horse excrements. Regarding crude fat, crude fibre, acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin, ash, P and Mg, the average values in dry matter of horse excrements were significantly (P≤ 0.01) higher; on the contrary, we found significantly (P≤ 0.01) lower mean values of nitrogen-free extract, organic matter and Ca in the dry mass of pasture grass. The highest coefficient of apparent digestibility for organic nutrients was determined in the nitrogen-free extract (73%) followed with organic matter (71%), pure protein (68%), crude protein (65%) and crude fat (61%). In case of fibre and its fractions, the apparent digestibility coefficients decreased as follows: crude fibre (66%), neutral detergent fibre (66%), acid detergent fibre (63%) and acid detergent lignin (42%). Significantly lower values were determined for coefficients of apparent digestibility for minerals P (16%) and Mg (50%), which highlights the need for their regular supplementation in horses on pasture. This study extends the current state of knowledge regarding the apparent digestibility of pasture vegetation which is a prerequisite for optimal nutrition of horses.
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M. E. D, PERTIWI, I. M. MASTIKA, and I. M. NURIYASA** NURIYASA. "PENGARUH PENGGANTIAN TEPUNG IKAN DENGAN SUSU AFKIR DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP PERFORMA PRODUKSI DAN KECERNAAN NUTRIEN AYAM BURAS JANTAN." Majalah Ilmiah Peternakan 20, no. 3 (October 31, 2017): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mip.2017.v20.i03.p07.
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The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of fish meal substitution with expired milk in diets on theproductivity of cockerels at the age of 2-10 weeks. This study was carried out in Puger Village, Jember Regency,East Java. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used with five treatments and five replicates. Totally, therewere 25 experimental units and each unit consists of four cockerels fed without fish meal (R0); 25% diets of fishmeal substitution with expired milk (R1); 50% diets of fish meal substitution with expired milk (R2); 75% diets offish meal substitution with expired milk (R3) and 100% diets of fish meal substitution with expired milk (R4). Dietsand water were given ad libitum. The variables observed were performance and nutrient digestibility. It showedthat cockerels fed 75% diets of fish meal substitution with expired milk (R3) produced higher final body weightand nutrient digestibility (P<0.05) compared to treatment R0, R1, R2 and R4. Treatment R3 produced 75.08%digestibility coefficient of dry ingredient and 72,21% digestibility coefficient of crude protein. It can be concludedthat 75% fish meal substitution with expired milk produced better performance and nutrient digestibility comparedto other treatment.
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Gollcher, Augusta Martins Romaniello, José Augusto de Freitas Lima, Elias Tadeu Fialho, Paulo Borges Rodriges, and Renato Ribeiro de Lima. "Comparison between two methods for estimating the digestibility of starch and other nutrients in high moisture sorghum grain silage in horses." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 39, no. 6 (June 2010): 1252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982010000600013.
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It was carried out two assays with the purpose of evaluating the mobile nylon bag technique and the method of total feces collection method in the estimative of the apparent digestibility of starch and other nutrients in high moisture sorghum grain silages in horses. Four adult horses of mixed origin at the age of 7 years and average body weight of 330 kg were used. In the first assay, the digestibility of the nutrients in the silage of high moisture sorghum grain with low level of tannin was evaluated by utilizing the total feces collection and the mobile nylon bag technique with silage samples ground in three particle sizes. In the second assay, the two methods were used for estimating the digestibility of the nutrients of the silage of high moisture sorghum grain with high level of tannin. A randomized block experimental design was used, considering each animal as a block. The disappearance of the nutrients, in the naylon bag, of the samples of the high moisture sorghum grain silages ground in three particle sizes of 1, 8 and 13 mm was also evaluated in laboratory. Daily dry matter intake was 2.0% of the body weight and test diets were made up of 30% of high moisture sorghum grain silages and 70% of coast-cross hay. The coefficients of dry matter digestibility, energy and protein of both silages were similar among the total feces collection method and the mobile nylon bag technique when 8-mm feed samples were used. The coefficient of starch digestibility was similar among the methods when sorghum samples were ground at 1 mm in the mobile nylon bag technique. Reduced particle size increased the nutrient losses of the nylon bags after washing in water. The mobile nylon bag technique allows to estimate the digestibility coefficient of nutrients, however, further studies for evaluation of particle size of the samples should be conducted.
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Lima Santos, Elton, Maria do Carmo Mohaupt Marques Ludke, José Milton Barbosa, Emerson Carlos Soares, Misleni Ricarte de Lima, Jorge Vitor Ludke, and Carlos Bôa-Viagem Rabello. "GARLIC POWDER IN RATIONS FOR NILE TILAPIA." DESAFIOS - Revista Interdisciplinar da Universidade Federal do Tocantins 7, no. 3 (July 21, 2020): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/uftv7-8141.
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The This study evaluated the effect of levels of garlic powder (0.0, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 g.kg-1) added to diets for Nile tilapia on animal performance, villi height and diet digestibility. The rations consisted of pellets and tilapia and were fed to apparent satiation for 60 days. 120 fish, with initial average weight of 4.20 ± 0.4 g, were masculinized and distributed in 24 aquariums of 70L in a randomized design consisting of four treatments and six replications in a closed circulation system with constant aeration. 240 fishes was used for feces collected by an indirect method (Guelph modified system) and estimation of coefficients of apparent digestibility using 0.5 g.kg-1 of chromic oxide as an inert indicator incorporated into the ration. No significant differences in performance related to organ weight, the hepato-somatic index, the viscero-somatic fat index and villi height were observed. However, the apparent digestibility coefficient of rations was negatively affected by the addition of garlic powder. Garlic powder as an additive in rations for Nile tilapia did not provide positive effects as a growth promoter and worsened the digestibility of nutrients among the tested treatments.
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Degani, G., S. Viola, and Y. Yehuda. "Apparent digestibility coefficient of protein sources for carp, Cyprinus carpio L." Aquaculture Research 28, no. 1 (January 1997): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.1997.00825.x.
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Degani, G., S. Viola, and Y. Yehuda. "Apparent digestibility coefficient of protein sources for carp, Cyprinus carpio L." Aquaculture Research 28, no. 1 (January 1997): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1997.tb01311.x.
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Falaye, A. E., and S. O. Sule. "Digestibility Coefficients of Cattle Hoof Meal Diet by African Catfish Clarias gariepinus Juvenile." Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences 3, no. 3 (August 18, 2020): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/ujvas3-3.05.
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Digestibility trial of Cattle hoof waste subjected to five processing methods was conducted on Clarias gariepinus juveniles. A reference diet 70 % and test diet 30 % was formulated with chromic oxide biomarker. Feed and feacal samples collected at 8h interval after feeding were analysed for proximate parameters and digestibility coefficient calculated. There was significant difference (P < 0.05) among treatments crude protein digestibility was highest in Reference diet (88.26 ± 0.04) < soda ash diet (87.49 ± 0.04) < fermented diet (82.15 ± 0.10) < wood ash diet (81.26 ± 0.03) < raw hoof diet (79.57 ± 0.05) and lowest in Autoclaved diet (77.69 ± 0.02). Nutrient digestibility also showed significant difference (P < 0.05) among treatments with highest values for soda ash diets parameters and least protein nutrient in autoclaved diet (58.99±0.08 ); fat, dry matter and energy nutrient in raw hoof diet (56.41 ± 3.49; 23.39 ± 0.16; 25.71 ± 0.75). This study concludes that Clarias gariepinus juveniles can be fed soda ash treated cattle hoof waste.
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Garcia, Ricardo M., Gabriel Arruda, Rhuan Chaves, Charles Ribeiro, Melissa Mendes, and Vinícius S. Cantarelli. "PSIV-2 Digestibility evaluation of fermented soybean for nursery piglets." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (July 2019): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.324.
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Abstract Anti-nutritional factors (ANF) and antigenic proteins present in soybean meal (SBM) limit its application in piglet diets. Therefore, protein sources of high biological value are used as an alternative to replace SBM, which became the pre-initial feed the most expensive diet in pork production. The main problems caused by the presence of ANF are related to poor digestion, absorption and nutrient utilization resulting in increased diarrhea, intestinal inflammation, and consequent lower growth performance. ANF in soybean might be inactivated through heat treatment but also, it may reduce the availability of some amino acids when overheated. The process of fermentation may enhance the nutritional value of soybean by increasing the bioavailability of nutrients and reducing ANF. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutrients digestibility of fermented soybeans for nursery piglets. Twenty pigs (barrows), initial weight of 11 kg, were housed in metabolic cages and had their feces and urine collected for analysis. Piglets were assigned in ten replicates and two experimental diets, basal diet and fermented soybean diet (80% of the basal diet and 20% of the fermented soybean). The total amount fed was determined based on metabolic weight parameters. Ferric oxide was used as a fecal marker. The coefficient of digestibility was used to estimate the nutritional value trough analyzing dry matter digestibility (DMD), crude protein digestibility (CPD), calcium digestibility (CD), phosphorus digestibility (PD), digestible energy (DE) and, metabolizable energy (ME). The digestibility coefficients were 91.02% for DMD; 93.74% for CPD; 76.10% for CD; 54.62% for PD; and 86.73% for DE. ME was determined in 3589 kcal kg-1. Crude protein was determined in 59.64%. The nutritional profile of the fermented soybean shows a great potential to be used in initial diets of piglets due to their high level of nutrients digestibility.
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Selle, P. H., S. Y. Liu, J. Cai, and A. J. Cowieson. "Steam-pelleting temperatures, grain variety, feed form and protease supplementation of mediumly ground, sorghum-based broiler diets: influences on growth performance, relative gizzard weights, nutrient utilisation, starch and nitrogen digestibility." Animal Production Science 53, no. 5 (2013): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an12363.
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A red sorghum was mediumly ground (3.2 mm) and incorporated into broiler diets that were steam-pelleted at conditioning temperatures of 65, 80 and 95°C and offered to male Ross 308 chicks from 7 to 28 days post hatch. This diet was also fed as unprocessed mash, reground mash following steam-pelleting at 95°C and diets steam-pelleted at 80°C were fed without and with exogenous protease. A nutritionally equivalent diet based on a mediumly ground white sorghum steam-pelleted at 95°C completed the seven dietary treatments each of which were offered to seven replicates of six birds per cage. The effects of treatment on growth performance, relative gizzard weights, nutrient utilisation [apparent metabolisable energy (AME), nitrogen (N) retention, and N-corrected AME] and apparent digestibility coefficients of starch and N in four segments of the small intestine (proximal and distal jejunum, proximal and distal ileum) were determined. Elevating conditioning temperatures at which the red sorghum-based diets were steam-pelleted reduced their protein solubilities and linearly reduced concentrations of free sulfydryl groups (P < 0.02) and the two parameters were positively correlated (P < 0.01). Elevating temperatures also linearly increased relative gizzard weights (P < 0.02). However, increasing conditioning temperatures linearly depressed feed conversion efficiency (P < 0.02), tended to depress weight gain (P < 0.08) but did not influence nutrient utilisation parameters (P > 0.50). Increasing conditioning temperatures influenced N digestibility coefficients in the distal jejunum (P < 0.01) and distal ileum (P < 0.05) in a quadratic manner. N coefficients varied from 0.565 to 0.538 and 0.638 in the distal jejunum with increasing conditioning temperatures; however, starch digestibility coefficients were not significantly influenced by conditioning temperatures. Birds offered the white sorghum-based pelleted diet conditioned at 95°C significantly outperformed (P < 0.05) their red sorghum counterparts in terms of weight gain, feed per gain, AME, N retention, starch and N digestibility coefficients in the distal ileum. The differences in starch digestibility between the two sorghum varieties along the small intestine were pronounced and the possible contributing factors are considered. Diets fed as intact pellets generated greater feed intakes and weight gains than the average of the two mash diets. In red sorghum-based diets, distal ileal starch digestibility coefficients of intact pellets were inferior to the unprocessed and reground mash. However, the distal ileal N digestibility coefficient of the unprocessed mash diet was 3.5% higher than the reground mash diet and 8.3% higher than the intact pelleted diet. The inclusion of a Bacillus lichenformis-derived protease in red sorghum-based steam-pelleted at 80°C significantly (P < 0.05) increased N digestibility coefficients in the distal jejunum, proximal ileum and distal ileum. Also, this protease significantly increased starch digestibility coefficients in the distal jejunum and proximal ileum. The implications of these findings in respect of feeding broiler chickens sorghum-based diets are discussed.
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MOREIRA FILHO, Miguel Arcanjo, Arnaud Azevêdo ALVES, Bruno Spíndola GARCEZ, Antonia Leidiana MOREIRA, Danielle Maria Machado Ribeiro AZEVÊDO, and Henrique Nunes PARENTE. "Digestibility markers of sheep diets containing hydrolyzed sugarcane-top hay." Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal 18, no. 1 (March 2017): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-99402017000100005.
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SUMMARY This experiment evaluated the correlation between the estimates of fecal digestibility and dry matter digestibility (DMD) and nutrients obtained using internal (indigestibles dry materiDM, neutral detergent fiber-iNDF, acid detergent fiber-iADF and acid detergent ligniniADL) and external (chromium oxide-Cr2O3, titanium dioxide-TiO2, and purified and enriched lignin from eucalyptus-LIPE®) markers and the values obtained by the total feces collection method. Twenty uncastrated male sheep, with 29.64±5.53 kg average live weight; approximately 12 months old, were kept in metabolic cages and fed diets containing untreated sugarcane-top hay or sugarcane-top hay hydrolyzed with 3 and 6% urea or 1.5 and 3% calcium oxide (CaO). There was a positive correlation (P<.05) between the fecal production estimated by the markers and via total feces collection, with coefficients higher than 90% for iDM, Cr2O3, and TiO2. The DMD and nutrients estimated with the use of markers was positively correlated (P<.05) with that obtained by total feces collection. Coefficients of correlation for digestibility obtained by total collection were higher than those obtained with Cr2O3, but close to those obtained using TiO2. The coefficient of correlation between the digestibility of protein and fiber fraction estimated with iDM and iNDF and that obtained by total collection was higher than 70%. Internal marker iDM and external markers Cr2O3 and TiO2 are effective in estimating fecal production and DMD and nutrients.
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Santana, Ana Lúcia Almeida, Alexandre de Oliveira Teixeira, Darci Clementino Lopes, Rodrigo Almeida Santana, Carlos Magno Rocha Junior, Leonardo Marmo Moreira, Melissa Izabel Hannas, and Anderson Corassa. "Digestibility of calcium and digestible calcium from inorganic sources evaluated in swine by two methods." Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal 19, no. 1 (March 2018): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-99402018000100009.
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SUMMARY The objective of the study was to determine the digestible calcium from different sources by direct and indirect methods. Thirty castrated male pigs were used, distributed in randomized blocks, in six treatments: 1- Calcitic limestone; 2-Dicalcium phosphate powder 18%; 3- Dicalcium phosphate powder 20%; 4- Dicalcium microgranulated phosphate 18%; 5- Monodicalcium microgranulated phosphate 20%; 6- Monodicalcium microgranulated phosphate 21%, with six replicates and one animal per experimental unit. A basal diet was formulated to meet the nutritional requirements of the animals, except for calcium (0.06%) and the evaluated sources replaced the basal diet in order to provide 0.45% of total Ca. At the same time, two stool collection methods were evaluated: total collection and fecal indicator. The animals were housed in metabolism cages for 12 days to collect feces and urine to determine the calcium values used to estimate digestibility coefficients and digestible calcium. The total collection method and the faecal indicator method did not affect the true digestibility coefficient of calcium. The calcium digestibility of the microgranulated dicalcium phosphate 21% (MM21) was superior in comparison with the other calcium sources evaluated by the indirect method in the present study. The average values of true digestibility of the calcium sources, in percentage, were: calcitic limestone: 82.47; dicalcium phosphate powder 18%: 80.87; dicalcium phosphate powder 20%: 85.65; dicalcium microgranulated phosphate 18%: 81.65; monodicalcium microgranulated phosphate 20%: 84.15; and monodicalcium microgranulated phosphate 21%: 88.35. The two methodologies can be used to determine the digestibility of calcium.
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Musilova, A., M. Lichovnikova, L. Kupcikova, and V. Anderle. "Effect of suboptimal levels of non-phytate phosphorus and exogenous phytase on precaecal digestibility of phosphorus and calcium in laying hens." Czech Journal of Animal Science 62, No. 11 (October 9, 2017): 473–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/16/2017-cjas.
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The precaecal digestibility of phosphorus and calcium in laying hens was evaluated at two dietary levels of non-phytate phosphorus (NPP; 1.58 and 2.03 g/kg) and two levels of exogenous 3-phytase (F; 0 and 300 phytase units (FTU)/kg). A total of 192 ISA Brown hens were used for the study, and were housed in enriched cages (8 per cage). At the end of the experiment, which was the peak of the egg production, the content of the posterior half of the ileum from each hen was collected. The lower level of NPP significantly (P < 0.05) improved the precaecal phosphorus digestibility coefficient. There was no significant difference in the amount of absorbed phosphorus between the lower and the higher level of NPP. The level of NPP with supplementation of exo-genous phytase had a significant effect (P < 0.001) on the concentration of phosphorus in ileum, while the higher level of NPP increased phosphorus concentration in the ileum and phytase decreased phosphorus content in the ileal digesta. The phytase had no significant effect on phosphorus precaecal digestibility. There was no significant effect of the both factors, level of NPP, and exogenous phytase on the daily calcium intake, the amount of absorbed calcium, the content of calcium in ileal digesta, and on the precaecal digestibility of calcium. However a significant effect (P < 0.05) of the interaction between NPP and phytase was observed on the amount of absorbed calcium and on the precaecal digestibility coefficient. It can be concluded that the estimation of phosphorus ileal digestibility depends on the level of dietary phosphorus.
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Wu, Z. Z., C. Wang, G. W. Zhang, Q. Liu, G. Guo, W. J. Huo, J. Zhang, Y. L. Zhang, C. X. Pei, and S. L. Zhang. "Effects of pantothenic acid and folic acid supplementation on total tract digestibility coefficient, ruminal fermentation, microbial enzyme activity, microflora and urinary purine derivatives in dairy bulls." Journal of Agricultural Science 157, no. 6 (August 2019): 555–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859619000844.
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AbstractThe effects of pantothenic acid (PA) and folic acid (FA) addition on digestibility coefficient, ruminal fermentation and urinary purine derivative (PD) excretion in dairy bulls were evaluated. Eight rumen-cannulated Holstein dairy bulls were allocated to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Diets were supplemented with two levels of FA (0 or 8.0 mg/kg dietary dry matter [DM]) and two of PA (0 or 60 mg/kg DM). The PA × FA interaction was not significant for all variables. Both supplements increased DM intake and average daily gain, but decreased a feed conversion ratio. Digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre increased, but ether extract digestibility was unchanged for both supplements. Digestibility of acid detergent fibre only increased with FA supplementation. For both supplements, ruminal pH and ammonia nitrogen (N) decreased, but total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration increased. Acetate proportion only increased with FA supplementation. Propionate proportion decreased for both supplements. Consequently, the acetate to propionate ratio increased. For both supplements, activity of xylanase and pectinase, population of Ruminococcus albus, R. flavefaciens, Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminobacter amylophilus and total PD excretion increased. Additionally, activity of carboxymethylcellulase, cellobiase, α-amylase and protease, and population of total bacteria, fungi, protozoa, methanogens, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Prevotella ruminicola increased with FA addition. The results suggested that PA and FA supplementation stimulated ruminal microbial growth and enzyme activity, resulting in an increased digestibility coefficient and ruminal total VFA concentration in dairy bulls.
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Arigbede, O. M., and J. A. Olanite. "Intake, performance and digestibility of West African dwarf goats supplemented with graded levels of Grewia pubescens and panicum maximum." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 32, no. 2 (January 3, 2021): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v32i2.1315.
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A trial was carried out with 16 females West African Dwarf (WAD) goats to assess their dry matter intake, digestibility and liveweight gain when fed Grewia pubescens as supplement to panicum maximum. The levels of inclusion of G, pubescens were 0, 25, and 75%. The highest nutrient intakes occur at 50% levels of supplementation being 61, 01, 54, 40, 8, 44, 26.07, 19.29, and 6.57gd 3w0.75 for DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF, and lignin respectively. These were significantly (P<0.05) higher than other levels of intake. The dry matter digestibility (DMD) coefficient Increased significantly (P<0.01) with increased inclusion levels of G, pubescens supplementation. It increased from 52.24% at 0%, which the control or supplement diet to the highest of 80.42% at 50% level of supplementation. Thereafter, the DMD decreased to 79.06% at 75% level of inclusion though the decrease was not significant (P>0.05). The digestibility coefficient of OM and CP at 50% level of supplementation were also highest being 81.86% and 84.23% respectively. Digestibility of other nutrient followed the same trend as for DM, OM, and CP digestibility. The liveweight gain of the animals range from 8.81g d-3 for unsupplemented to 10.95, 18.33, and 20.71g d-3 for 25, 50, and 75% level of inclusion respectively. The differences were significant(P>0.05) between 50% and 75% levels of inclusion. The nutritive value index was highest (61.33) for 50% level of inclusion and significant (P<0.05) from other levels of supplementation which, were in turn, higher (P<0.05) than that of unsupplemented animals.
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S., López, Guevara H., Duchi N., and Moreno G. "Evaluation of Two "in vitro" Digestibility Tests with the "in vivo" Test of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus) Feeding." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 6 (February 28, 2018): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n6p399.
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The purpose of the present study was to compare two types of "in vitro" digestibility assays by using commercial enzymes and guinea pig cecalliquor with the in vivo assay, to identify the assay that most resembles the in vivo response. The alfalfa was used in two cutting times of 30 and 45 days. The "in vivo" digestibility of alfalfa was analyzed, obtaining that after 30 days of cutting the digestibility was 53.64% and at 45 days it was 47.72%, while for the digestibility "in vitro", the DaisyII®-Ankom Technology with cecal liquor and commercial pepsin; for the cecal liquor a value of 55.46% and 49.90% was obtained, for the alfalfa in the two cutting times, while the digestibility with enzymes was 71.01% and 66.34% respectively. It was determined that the method with more relation to the in vivo test corresponds to the trial with cecal liquor, because it presents a lower statistical difference (p <0.05) for both cut-off times. At the same time, it is identified that the protein is the nutrient that has a higher digestibility coefficient, becoming an indicator of the nutritional quality of the food.
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Nguedia, Généviève, Emile Miégoué, Fernand Tendonkeng, Mouchili Mama, Et Etienne Tedonkeng Pamo, Camara Sawa, and Henry Feulefack Defang. "Effect of Graded Levels of Spirulina (Arthropsira platensis) on Feed Intake and in vivo Digestibility of Trypsacum laxum in Guinea Pig (Cavia Porcellus L)." Journal of Zoological Research 1, no. 1 (April 13, 2019): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2694-2275.jzr-19-2695.
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The intake and in vivo digestibility of Trypsacumlaxum in guinea pigs according to the graded level of spirulina was evaluated in Cameroon. 20 animals aged of 6 months with an average weight of 450 ± 50 g were randomly divided into 4 equivalent groups. Each group received T. laxum and 40g of compound feed containing 0% (TS0), 2% (TS2), 4% (TS4), and 6% (TS6) of spirulina. Feed intake was the different between the left over and the quantity served. The sample of T. laxum and those of each diet as well as feces were collected and analyzed for the apparent digestibility of each nutrient. Animals were weighed at the beginning and at the end of each period of the test to determine the body weight gain. This study showed that the average daily intake of dry matter (DM) for TS0, TS2, TS4 and TS6 was 74.39 ± 2.98, 78.66 ± 3.14, 83.89 ± 4.28 and 77.76 ± 4.40 g/head/day. The highest apparent digestibility coefficients of different nutrients were obtained with animals fed TS6 group while the lowest were observed in TS0.The apparent digestibility coefficient of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) of the supplemented group were statistically higher than those of the control diet. Animals’ weight performances were statistically comparable between treatments. Thus, the combination of T. laxum with concentrated feed containing spirulina can be recommended for guinea-pigs, but the level of incorporation may not exceed 4% of its daily ration.
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Selle, P. H., S. Y. Liu, A. Khoddami, J. Cai, and A. J. Cowieson. "Steam-pelleting temperatures and grain variety of finely ground, sorghum-based broiler diets. 1. Influence on growth performance, relative gizzard weights, nutrient utilisation, starch and nitrogen digestibility." Animal Production Science 54, no. 3 (2014): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an13080.
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Sorghum-based diets were offered to male Ross 308 chicks from 7 to 28 days post-hatch as a 2 × 3 factorial array of treatments. The diets were based on either a white (Liberty) or red (Venture) sorghum that were finely ground through a 2.0-mm hammer-mill screen before incorporation into diets that were steam-pelleted at conditioning temperatures of 70°C, 80°C and 90°C. Protein solubilities and concentrations of disulfide bonds and free sulfydryl groups in sorghums and sorghum-based diets were determined. Concentrations of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities in both sorghums were analysed and the presence or absence of a pigmented testa was detected. In vivo parameters assessed included growth performance, relative gizzard weights, nutrient utilisation and apparent starch and nitrogen (N) digestibility coefficients were determined at four small-intestinal sites. Increasing conditioning temperatures depressed dietary protein solubilities and induced changes in concentrations of disulfide bonds and free sulfydryl groups that were more pronounced in red sorghum-based diets. The red sorghum contained a higher concentration of phenolic compounds and had a higher antioxidant activity than did white sorghum. A pigmented testa was not present in both sorghums, which indicates that they do not contain condensed tannin. There was a significant interaction between sorghum type and conditioning temperature for weight gain; however, diets based on white or red sorghums did not generate any significant differences in weight gains, feed intakes or feed conversion ratios as main effects. It was anticipated that birds would perform better on white sorghum-based diets but the likelihood is that the fine 2.0-mm grind disadvantaged the softer-textured white sorghum. As main effects, red sorghum-based diets had significantly higher densities of N-corrected apparent metabolisable energy, a higher starch digestibility coefficient in the distal jejunum and higher N digestibility coefficients in the distal jejunum, proximal ileum and distal ileum than did white sorghum-based diets. Red sorghum-based diets generated significantly heavier relative gizzard weights, which appeared to enhance N digestibility coefficients relative to the white sorghum diets. Increasing conditioning temperatures linearly increased starch digestibility coefficients in the proximal jejunum and distal ileum and N digestibility coefficients in the proximal jejunum, distal jejunum and distal ileum to significant extents. Conditioning temperatures did not significantly influence gizzard weights or parameters of growth performance and nutrient utilisation. Several significant interactions between the main effects were observed, which suggests that the two sorghums responded somewhat differently to increasing conditioning temperatures.
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Nalle, C. L., M. A. J. Supit, A. H. Angi, and N. S. Yuliani. "The Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Aflatoxin B1 Residue, and Histopathological Changes of Broilers Exposed to Dietary Mycosorb." Tropical Animal Science Journal 44, no. 2 (June 2021): 160–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2021.44.2.160.
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Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most dangerous type of aflatoxin that can impair poultry productivity even in low concentrations. The harmful effects of AFB1 should be minimized. The present study was conducted to evaluate the performance, nutrient digestibility, AFB1 residue, and histopathological changes of broilers fed AFB1 diets supplemented with mycosorb. Two hundred-forty 1-day old broiler chicks were allocated randomly to 24 pens (10 birds/pen). The experimental design was a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement, with AFB1 level and yeast glucomannan (mycosorb) supplementation as the main factors. The treatment diets were control diet; control diet + mycosorb; AFB1 diets (10.36 ppb); AFB1 diets (10.36 ppb) + mycosorb; AFB1 diets (26.97 ppb); AFB1 diets (26.97 ppb) + mycosorb; AFB1 diets (61.06 ppb); AFB1 diets (61.06 ppb) + mycosorb. The results showed that there was no interaction effect was found between the level of AFB1 and mycosorb on the performance and nutrient digestibility. The level of AFB1 did not affect dry matter digestibility coefficient but affected (p<0.05) crude fat digestibility coefficient of broilers. Except for proventriculus, level of AFB1 did not affect bird’s gut size. AFB1 residue was not detected in the broiler tissues fed all diets. Mycosorb alone ameliorated (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) of growing birds. The birds fed 61.06 ppb AFB1 diets had darker liver than those fed similar diets added with mycosorb. The addition of mycosorb in AFB1 diets did not heal the hemorrhagic intestines of the birds. In conclusion, feeding low level of AFB1 diets added with mycosorb did not improve the bird’s performance, nutrient digestibility, or gut health. Mycosorb alone improved feed efficiency of the experimental birds.
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Peñuela Sierra, Lina Maria, Ivan Moreira, Antonio Claudio Furlan, Paulo Levi de Oliveira Carvalho, Ângela Rocio Poveda Parra, and Gisele Cristina Oliveira. "Digestibility and bioavailability of phosphorus from spray-dried yeasts in the diet of starting pigs (15-30 kg)." Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal 14, no. 2 (June 2013): 308–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-99402013000200006.
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Two experiments were carried out to determine the bioavailability of phosphorus in two spray-dried yeasts - sugarcane yeast (SCY), and sugarcane yeast + brewer's yeast (SCBY) - in starting pigs, by comparing different methods (Apparent Digestibility Coefficient of Phosphorus - ADCP; True Digestibility Coefficient of Phosphorus - TDCP; slope ratio; and standard curve). In experiment I, a digestibility assay were carried out using 30 cross breed pig with initial weigh of 22.69 ± 4.24kg, allotted in a completely randomized design. The mean ADCP and TDCP values were 62.68 and 64.15% for SCY and 77.01 and 79.33% for SCBY. ADCP and TDCP for SCBY were higher (P<0.05) than the values for SCY. In Experiment II, a growth test was conducted, 56 crossbred piglets, were utilized, with initial live weight of 15.11 ± 3.43kg, allotted in a completely randomized design, with seven treatments, four replications, and two pigs per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a basal diet without supplementation with P and the same diet including supplementation with two levels of P (0.053% and 0.105%) from dicalcium phosphate, SCY and SCBY. The relative bioavailability mean value of 57.23% for SCY and 91.96% for SCBY, corresponding to 0.30% and 0.40% of available phosphorus, respectively.
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Eyoh, G. D., and M. D. Udoh. "Effects of processed jackfruit seed based diet on nutrient intake, digestibility and nutrition in West African dwarf goats." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 5 (December 31, 2020): 204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i5.1271.
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In spite of the major role of providing meat and dairy products amongst other attributes, low animal protein intake still remains a nutritional challenge. Against this background, the effect of processed jackfruit seed meal (JFSM) as a source of protein on nutrient intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance by West African dwarf goats was investigated. The seeds were processed as raw, soaked and toasted with 5% JFSM in each processing method incorporate in feed and designated as diets B, C and D, while diet A devoid of JFSM served as the control. Four animals were randomly assigned to the diets in a 4x4 Latin square design experiment. The goats were each housed in a metabolic cage. Data was collected on nutrient intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance. Significant (P<0.05) differences were observed in nitrogen intake (g/d), nitrogen absorbed (g/d) and nitrogen balance (g/d); 7.37, 7.45, 7.40, 7.55g/d, 3.05, 3.15, 3.23, 3.40g/d and 3.66, 3.75, 3.83, 4.02g/d respectively. Similarly, apparent digestibility coefficient also showed significant difference (P<0.05) in crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract and energy. Metabolic faecal nitrogen (MFN) (g-1100gDM) values were 1.38, 0.93, 0.38 and 1.75 for diets A, B, C and D respectively while digestible crude protein (DCP) g-1d-1Wkg 0.75 values were 2.13, 5.39, 2.00 and 2.45 for diets A, B, C and D respectively. This shows that the diet enhanced nutrient intake, digestibility and nitrogen utilization, thus promoting positive nitrogen balance and maintenance in goats. Malgré le rôle majeur de fournir de viande et de produits laitiers, entre autres attributs, la faible consommation de protéines animales reste un défi nutritionnel. Dans ce contexte, l'effet de la farine de graines de jacquier transformée en tant que source de protéines sur les nutriments consumés, la digestibilité et le bilan azoté des chèvres naines d'Afrique de l'Ouest a été étudié. Les graines ont été traitées comme crues, trempées et grillées avec 5% de la farine de graines de jacquier transformée dans chaque méthode de traitement, incorporées dans les aliments pour animaux et désignées sous le nom de régimes B, C et D, tandis que le régime A dépourvu de la farine de graines de jacquier transformée a servi de témoin. Quatre animaux ont été assignés au hasard aux régimes dans une expérience de conception en carré latin 4x4. Les chèvres étaient logées chacune dans une cage métabolique. Des données ont été recueillies sur l'apport en éléments nutritifs, la digestibilité et le bilan azoté. Des différences significatives (P <0.05) ont été observées dans l'apport d'azote (g / j), l'azote absorbé (g / j) et le bilan azoté (g / j) ; 7.37, 7.45, 7.40, 7.55 g / j, 3.05, 3.15, 3.23, 3.40 g / j et 3.66, 3.75, 3.83, 4.02 g / j respectivement. De même, le coefficient de digestibilité apparente a également montré une différence significative (P <0.05) dans les protéines brutes, les fibres brutes, l'extrait d'éther et l'énergie. Les valeurs d'azote fécal métabolique (NPF) (g-1100gDM) étaient respectivement de 1.38, 0.93, 0.38 et 1.75 pour les régimes A, B, C et D, tandis que les valeurs de protéine brute digestible (DCP) étaient g-1d-1Wkg 0.75 de 2.13, 5.39, 2.00 et 2.45 pour les régimes A, B, C et D respectivement. Cela montre que le régime a amélioré l'apport en nutriments, la digestibilité et l'utilisation de l'azote, favorisant ainsi l'équilibre et le maintien positifs de l'azote chez les chèvres.
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Orayaga, K. T., and P. M. Goholshak. "Comparative evaluation of effects of different sources of groundnut meals on digestibility, growth performance and economics of production of growing rabbits." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 41, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 272–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v41i1.2734.
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Three groundnut meals namely: groundnut cake (GNC), locally processed groundnut cake (kulikuli) and toasted groundnut seed(kernel) meal (TGSM) were incorporated in rabbit diets at two levels to generate six diets: 18% GNC, 22% GNC, 18% Kulikuli, 22% Kulikuli, 18% TGSM and 22% TGSM respectively, and 18% GNC also served as the control diet. Twenty four (24) six weeks-old growing rabbits of mixed breeds and sexes with mean initial weight of 568.75±l2.85g were randomly allocated to the six dietary treatment groups, such that each had four rabbits and each rabbit formed a replicate in a completely randomized design laid out in a 2X3 factorial arrangement and fed ad libitum, for 70 days. The main effects showed that while the treatment groups fed TGSM were significantly depressed (p<0.05). rabbits fed GNC and kulikuli were not significantly different (p>0.05) for average daily feed intake, daily body weight gain and final body weight. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was not significantly (p >0.05) affected among treatment groups. Rabbits fed TGSM had significantly (p<0.05) better apparent digestibility coefficient (78.04%) than those on kulikuli (75.81%6) and the group on kulikuli were better than animals fed GNC (72.09%) for fat digestibility. Fibre digestibility was also significantly different (p <0.05), with rabbits fed kulikuli having the poorest fibre digestion (15.63 %). Crude protein, dry matter and NFE apparent digestibility coefficients were not significantly (p >0.05) affected. Among all the parameters measured, only fat and fibre digestibility coefficients had significant (p <0.05) interactions and NFE digestibility was significantly affected (p <0.05) by level of inclusion, with groups fed 22% digesting it better. Feed cost kg gain did not differ significantly (p >0.05) among the treatment groups. Growth was still on the rise and there was a significantly (P<0.01) strong relationship (correlation and regression) between feed intake and weight gain for all the treatment groups. was concluded that both kulikuli and TGSM are potential feed resources for rabbits, more available to house hold farmers, equally economical as GNC and better still if groundnut farmers and or processors of kulikuli raise rabbits, though TGSM had less value for growth rate compared to GNC and Kulikuli at these levels of inclusion
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Munza, B. M., M. R. Hassan, R. J. Tanko, S. M. Otaru, D. J. U. Kalla, and S. M. Yashim. "Dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in growing Red sokoto bucks fed Sorghum bicolor hay supplemented with concentrate." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, no. 3 (January 2, 2021): 332–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i3.679.
Full textAbstract:
During the dry season, forages are low in quantity and quality; hence lacks the essential nutrients that are prerequisite for growth in ruminants, suggesting a supplemental feeding. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in growing Red Sokoto bucks fed Sorghum bicolor hay supplemented with concentrate. Eight growing Red Sokoto bucks with average body weight of 15±1.0 kg were randomly allotted to two dietary treatments containing S. bicolor hay/concentrate mixture (100:0 and 60:40). The bucks were individually fed at 3.5% body weight daily for a period of 21 days in a completely randomised design with four replicates per treatment. The parameters measured were dry matter intake, water intake, amount of faeces voided, volume of urine and costs of feeding. Total dry matter intake (424.64g/day) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in 60:40 dietary treatment than 100:0 treatment (353.57g/day). The digestibility coefficients of crude fibre (92.34 %), acid detergent fibre (71.46 %) and neutral detergent fibre (69.77 %) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in Red Sokoto bucks fed Sorghum bicolor hay:concentrate ratio of 100:0 compared to bucks fed 60:40 diet with crude fibre (87.25 %), acid detergent fibre (59.67 %) and neutral detergent fibre (60.08 %) digestibility coefficient values. However, crude protein (78.49 %) and ash (70.04 %) digestibility coefficients in bucks fed 60:40 diet were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those fed 100:0 diet with 38.14 % crude protein and 21.45 % ash digestibility coefficients. There was an increasing trend (p<0.05) in all parameters measured when concentrate was supplemented. The nitrogen retained (7.55 g/day), nitrogen retained as % intake (68.76 %) and nitrogen absorbed as % intake (78.46 %) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in Red Sokoto bucks fed 60:40 diets when compared with that of 100:0 diet which recorded 0.69 g/day nitrogen retained, 23.87 % nitrogen retained as % intake and 38.15 % as nitrogen absorbed as % intake, respectively. Total costs per kg of feed (N78.13K) and costs of feeding per buck (N696.72K) were significantly (p<0.05) higher for 60:40 diet than 100:0 diet with N45.83K total costs per kg feed and N340.29K costs of feeding per buck. It is therefore, concluded that concentrate supplementation on Sorghum bicolor hay enhances its utilisation by growing Red Sokoto bucks in terms of increased dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention in Northern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria.
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Alférez, M. José M., Inmaculada López Aliaga, Mercedes Barrionuevo, and Margarita S. Campos. "Effect of dietary inclusion of goat milk on the bioavailability of zinc and selenium in rats." Journal of Dairy Research 70, no. 2 (May 2003): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029903006058.
Full textAbstract:
The effects of dietary inclusion of freeze-dried goat and cow milk on the utilization of zinc and selenium, and on the metabolic fate of zinc, were studied in transected (control) and resected rats (resection of 50% of the distal small intestine). Intestinal resection reduced the apparent digestibility coefficient and zinc retention in the cow milk diet, whereas these biological indices were similar in transected (control) and resected rats with standard (without milk) and goat milk diets. The apparent digestibility coefficient and retention of selenium were not affected by intestinal resection in the animals fed with the three diets studied. In transected (control) and resected rats, the apparent digestibility coefficient and retention of zinc and selenium were higher for the goat milk diet than for the other two diets. Zinc deposits in the organs, expressed as μg/g dry weight were in order of decreasing concentrations: femur, testes, sternum, liver, kidney, heart, spleen, longissimus dorsi muscle and brain. Deposits were greatest with the goat milk diet, followed by the standard diet and were lowest for the rats given the cow milk diet, both for transected (control) and resected animals.We conclude that consumption of the goat milk diet produces a greater bioavailability of zinc and selenium and a greater deposit of zinc in key organs, for both the transected (control) and the resected rats, with respect to the standard diet and the cow milk diet.
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Thacker, P. A., G. L. Campbell, and J. Grootwassink. "The effect of organic acids and enzyme supplementation on the performance of pigs fed barley-based diets." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 72, no. 2 (June 1, 1992): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas92-047.
Full textAbstract:
Two factorial design experiments (sex × treatment) were conducted to determine the efficacy of enzyme and organic acid supplementation on improving the nutritive value of barley-based diets for both starter and finisher pigs. For exp. 1, 48 crossbred growing pigs (25.1 ± 2.8 kg) were fed either a barley-based control diet or a similar diet supplemented with 0.25% enzyme (Aspergillus niger; 750 units g−1 beta-glucanase), 2.5% propionic acid or a combination of these additives during a 77-d feeding trial. For exp. 2, 120 crossbred weaner pigs (8.1 ± 1.3 kg) were fed a hulless barley-based control diet or a similar diet supplemented with 0.25% enzyme (Aspergillus niger; 750 units g−1 beta-glucanase), 2.0% fumaric acid or both additives in combination for a 35-d feeding period. In exp. 1, supplementation with either enzyme or propionic acid alone, significantly (P < 0.05) increased dry matter digestibility. However, when the additives were fed in combination, the digestibility coefficient for dry matter was not significantly different from the control. Digestibility coefficients for crude protein and energy were not affected by any treatment. Growth rate, feed intake, feed efficiency and carcass traits were also not improved by supplementation with enzyme or propionic acid, either when fed alone or in combination. In exp. 2, digestibility coefficients for dry matter, crude protein and energy were not affected by enzyme or acid treatment. In addition, there were no differences in growth, feed intake or feed efficiency as a result of any treatment. Supplementation with organic acids would therefore appear to be ineffective in potentiating the response to dietary beta-glucanase in pigs fed barley-based diets. Key words: Swine, barley, beta-glucanase, propionic acid, fumaric acid
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Geron, Luiz Juliano Valério, Jocilaine Garcia, Kallynka Samara Martins Coelho, Sílvia Cristina de Aguiar, Andreson De Moura Zanine, Alexandre Lima de Souza, Joilma Toniolo Honório de Carvalho, Lucas Silva Roberto, Eurico Lucas de Sousa Neto, and Daniele De Jesus Ferreira. "In vitro digestibility and nutritional characterization of distillers dried grains with solubles according to the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 38, no. 4 (August 4, 2017): 2029. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n4p2029.
Full textAbstract:
We evaluated the fractions of protein and carbohydrates in distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), corn grain (CG), soybean meal (SM), and corn silage (CS), as well as the in vitro digestibility (IVD) of DDGS, CG, SM, CS, rations containing 0.0, 8.0, 16.0, and 24.0% DDGS, and in vitro fermentation parameters after 24 h of incubation. DDGS were obtained following microbial fermentation for ethanol production from a sugar and alcohol distillery located in the state of Mato Grosso - Brazil. The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) was used to determine the protein and carbohydrate fractions of experimental diets. For the in vitro nutrient digestion assay using the experimental foods and experimental diets, two sheep with an average body weight of 26 kg were used as inoculum donors. The in vitro digestibility of food and feed was assayed in three replicates. Fraction A of DDGS CP was 88, 71, and 37% lower in relation to fraction A of SM, CG, and CS, respectively. Fraction B2 of DDGS protein contained 21% CP, which represents 78.84% of DDGS protein in fraction B2, and is higher than the SM, which was 70.44%. The B3 fraction of CP, which is partly released during ruminal fermentation, was 18% lower for SM compared to DDGS, and is expressed in %CP. For carbohydrate fractionation, the DDGS presented 8.64% for the A + B1 fraction on a DM basis, which was 62, 86, and 74% lower compared to those obtained for SM, CG. and CS, respectively. The hemicellulose and cellulose contents of DDGS were higher than those of SM, as verified in fraction B2, with a value of 46.92%, expressed in DM. The in vitro digestibility coefficients (IVDC) of the DDGS nutrients did not differ (p > 0.05) in relation to those of the other experimental foods. The inclusion of DDGS in rations formulated for sheep did not change (p > 0.05) the IVDC of DM, OM, CP. NDF, or ADF, with mean values of 70.93, 70.64, 59.58, 52.83, and 43.40%, respectively. Therefore, DDGS comprise a protein-rich food containing more than 70% CP in fraction B2, with a large amount of carbohydrates bound to the cell wall. In addition, DDGS possess a similar digestibility coefficient to corn grain and soybean meal; however, up to 24% can be included in feed formulations for ruminants without changing the in vitro digestibility coefficient of nutrients.
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Gidenne, Thierry Noël, Carole Bannelier, Mélanie Gallois, M. Segura, and Vincent Lambrecht. "Milk digestion in the young rabbit: methodology and first results." World Rabbit Science 26, no. 4 (December 27, 2018): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2018.10061.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to determine the digestibility of milk by the young rabbit (21-25 d old), taking into account the increment of digesta content and urine excretion. Nineteen litters of 9 young rabbits 21 to 25 d old were used: 12 litters (S group) fed exclusively with milk using controlled suckling, and 7 litters (Control group) with free suckling and access to the pelleted feed of the doe. The faecal digestibility of milk dry matter (DM) was measured between 21 and 25 d of age, for S litters housed from 15 d of age in a metabolism cage separately from their mother. Between 21 and 25 d, the milk intake, faeces and urine excretion were controlled daily, and the mean increment in digesta content was measured by comparing digesta weight of the whole tract at 21 and 25 d of age (one kit per litter). The increment in digesta content from 21 to 25 d averaged 77% (+8.5 g), sourcing mainly from stomach and caecum contents increase (+57 and +120% respectively). The mean increase for the dry content of the gut (from 21 to 25 d) was 1.75 g DM/kit, and was considered as non-digested to calculate the digestibility coefficient of the milk. The milk intake averaged 30 g/d/kit (7.9 g DM/d kit). No faecal excretion was recorded between 21 and 25 d. From the milk intake and increment in digesta content, the corrected digestibility of the milk dry matter reached 94% (minimum=92.9%, maximum=95.6%). The daily urine excretion averaged 5.1 mL/kit, corresponding to 1.2 g DM/kit. Therefore, the corrected DM retention coefficient of the milk was 79.5%. The quantity of nitrogen excreted in urine was low (0.06 g/d kits), thus the corrected nitrogen retention coefficient for milk reached 82% and the nitrogen retained (corrected) reached 0.44 g/d kit. Accordingly, the amount in metabolisable protein for the milk was 90 g/kg (fresh). The corrected energy retention coefficient was estimated to 95.8%, for a crude energy concentration estimated at 28.14 MJ/kg DM for the milk. Thus, the energy retained (corrected) reached 223 kJ/d kit and the content in metabolisable energy for the milk was 26.94 MJ/kg DM.
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Jeong, Y. D., S. H. Lee, C. S. Park, S. B. Cho, and S. K. Park. "Variation in coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus and coefficient of total tract standardized digestibility of phosphorus in different corns fed to growing-finishing pigs." Animal Feed Science and Technology 201 (March 2015): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.01.002.
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Fatufe, A. A., O. A. Adebiyi, A. O. K. Adesehinwa, E. Ajayi, R. K. Abidoye, A. Samireddypalle, and O. O. Afolabi. "High quality cassava peel fine mash as replacement for maize in diets of growing pigs: 2. Effects on nutrient and fibre fraction digestibility." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, no. 4 (December 27, 2020): 190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i4.562.
Full textAbstract:
Twenty growing pigs with an average initial weight of 53±0.5 kg (± SE) were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with four replicates per treatment and one animal in each replicate. A total tract digestibility trial was carried out to determine the effect of partial replacement of maize with graded levels of high quality cassava peel (HQCP) mashon the nutrient digestibility and fibre fraction digestibility of growing pigs. The control diet T1 had 40% of maize, while the dietary treatments T2, T3, T4 and T5 had7.5, 15, 22.5 and 30% of HQCP corresponding to replacement of maize by 0, 19, 38, 56 and 75% respectively. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in apparent nutrient digestibility coefficient of dry matter, nitrogen free extract, organic matter and energy. There were significant(P<0.05)variationsintheapparentdigestibilityofcrudeprotein,crudefibreand ether extract and the crude protein digestibility decreased as the level of HQCP increased from 7.5 to 30%. Also, there was a significant (P<0.05) increase in acid detergent fibre and acid detergent lignin digestibilities with the inclusion of HQCP compared to the control, whereas there was no significant (P>0.05) influence of HQCP inclusion on hemicellulose digestibility among the treatments. It can thus be concluded that the nutritional potential of high quality cassava peel can still be realised when fed up to 30% in growing pig diet
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Cardoso, Christopher Junior Tavares, Ana Caroline Bini de Lima, Ériklis Nogueira, Marcus Vinicius Morais de Oliveira, and Fabiana De Andrade Melo-Sterza. "Performance and digestive characteristics in dairy cattle maintained under grazing regime and supplemented with linseed." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 39, no. 4 (August 2, 2018): 1805. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n4p1805.
Full textAbstract:
Linseed is characterized by the rich unsaturated fatty acids and slow release of oil in the rumen. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the intake, rumen degradability, and digestibility of dairy cattle maintained under grazing regime and supplemented with linseed. Twelve Girolando (¾ Holstein × ¼ Gir) cows with a mean age of 5.2 ± 1.9 years and body weight of 583.9 ± 67.6 kg were used. The cows were maintained in a rotational grazing system on the mombaça grass (Panicum maximum) and divided into 2 experimental groups. The CONTR (n = 6) group received only the base diet (pasture) and the LINS group (n = 6) received pasture plus linseed. Initially, a fifteen-day adaptation period was established to stabilize the desired consumption amount. After this period, the animals received 800 g of linseed for 126 d. The ruminal degradability was evaluated using 2 males with a cannula in the rumen, and they were provided the same experimental diet. The measured dry matter production of pasture did not show differences during the experimental period. The intake of crude protein and ethereal extract was higher, whereas neutral detergent fiber content was lower in the cows supplemented with linseed. However, this did not alter the weight gain and digestibility coefficients, except the digestibility coefficient of the ethereal extract. At the ruminal level, linseed showed low effective and potential degradability with negative effect on grass degradability.
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M. Hidayet, Hoger, and Kamal N. Mustafa. "Effect of Feeding Oak (quercus Aegilops) Acorns on Nutrient Digestibility, Nitrogen Balance, Ruminal Fluid Characteristics And Some Blood Metabolites in Sheep And Goats." Journal Of Duhok University 23, no. 2 (December 14, 2020): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26682/ajuod.2020.23.2.7.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to examine the response of sheep and goats to dietary effects of feeding different levels of oak (Quercus aegilops) acorns in terms of nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, rumen function and some serum metabolites. The study was conducted over 4 periods each of 15 days; in each period, rams and bucks were allocated to one of the dietary treatments (control, 5, 10 and 15% oak acorns). Rams and bucks exhibited different responses to the effects of dietary levels of oak acorns. The digestibility coefficient of DM was reduced in both rams and bucks upon feeding acorns, but this decline was significant (P≤0.05) only in rams fed 10 and 15% acorns as compared to rams fed control. Also, the rams and bucks showed numerical decrease in digestibility coefficients of OM, CP, CF, and NPN. The experimental treatments had no effects on nitrogen balance parameters. Bucks exhibited significantly (P≤0.05) higher concentrations of rumen ammonia-nitrogen before, 4 hours and 6 hours after morning feeding. The rumen pH value was significantly (P≤0.05) by the animal species only at the time before morning feeding. The serum metabolites were not affected by the level of acorns in the diet. The results of this study indicate that goats are superior in digesting diets containing oak acorns up to 15%.
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Gao, Le, Shulin Chen, and Dongyuan Zhang. "Neural Network Prediction of Corn Stover Saccharification Based on Its Structural Features." BioMed Research International 2018 (August 12, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9167508.
Full textAbstract:
The classic assay for a large population biomass is time-consuming, labor intensive, and chemically expensive. This paper would find out a rapid assay for predicting biomass digestibility from biomass structural features without hydrolysis. We examined the 62 representative corn stover accessions that displayed a diverse cell-wall composition and varied biomass digestibility. Correlation analysis was firstly to detect effects of cell-wall compositions and wall polymer features on corn stover digestibility. Based on the dependable relationship of structural features and digestibility, a neural networks model has been developed and successfully predicted the corn stover saccharification based on the features without enzymatic hydrolysis. The actual measured and net-simulated predicted corn stover saccharification had good results as mean square error of 1.80E-05, coefficient of determination of 0.942 and average relative deviation of 3.95. The trained networks satisfactorily predicted the saccharification results based on the features of corn stover. Predicting the corn stover saccharification without hydrolysis will reduce capital and operational costs for corn stover purchasing and storage.
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Levytskyy, T. R. "INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL FEED ADDITIVE ON DIGESTIVENESS OF FEED NUTRIENTS IN CHICKEN BROILERS." Scientific and Technical Bulletin оf State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medical Products and Fodder Additives аnd Institute of Animal Biology 21, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36359/scivp.2020-21-1.16.
Full textAbstract:
A study of the effectiveness of the use of feed additive Liatoxil in vivo in broiler chickens to study the ability of feed additives to improve digestion and affect the digestibility of nutrients. For research was formed on the principle of analogues -day age.
Feeding of the control group was carried out with standard feed. Feeding of the experimental group was carried out with standard feed, in which the feed additive Liatoxil was added at the rate of 2 g / kg. The calculation of the digestibility of nutrients of the experimental and control feed was determined by their content in the feed and manure in terms of absolutely dry matter. It is established that the studied feed additive has a positive effect on the digestibility of feed nutrients.
As a result of the use of feed additive Liatoxil, the digestibility of organic matter increased by 2.8 % compared to the control. The coefficient of protein digestibility in animals of the experimental group exceeded this indicator of the control group by 4.2 % and was 93.3 % against 89.1 % in the control. The digestibility of crude fat in poultry of the experimental group was 77.8 % and also exceeded by 2.0 % the value of the control group, which was 75.8 %.
The studied feed additive did not significantly affect the digestibility of crude fiber, which was 23.3 % in the control and 23.5 % in the experiment. At the same time, the obtained data show that in the animals of the experimental group the digestibility of nitrogen-free extractives was 87.5 %, which is 2.8 % higher than this indicator of the control group.
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Adebowale, T. O., A. M. Bamgbose, A. O. Oso, Y. A. Adejola, F. K. Ola-Mudathir, and F. Egunlusi. "Blood chemistry, haematological indices and nutrient digestibility of starter turkeys fed macaroni waste meal as a replacement for maize." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 42, no. 2 (January 16, 2021): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v42i2.2630.
Full textAbstract:
A 56-days experiment was carried out to study the effect of replacing macaroni waste meal (MWM) with maize on nutrient digestibility and blood chemistry of indigenous turkey starter. Ninety-six indigenous turkey poults with an average weight of 52 g were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments containing macaroni waste meal at 0%, 15%, 30% and 45% level as replacement for maize. Each treatment consist of 24 turkey poults replicated thrice with 8 turkeys per replicate. A three day metabolic study trial was carried out for nutrient digestibility determination. Blood samples were also collected for serum and haematological indices. Data collected were subjected to one way analysis of variance. Result showed that MWM at 15% had the highest values for packed cell volume, red blood cell, white blood cell while values recorded for serum uric acid and creatinine were significantly lower (P<0.05) for the turkeys. The nutrient digestibility coefficient such as crude protein digestibility, nitrogen retention were not affected significantly (P>0.05). However, the packed cell volume, red blood cell count, albumin, hemoglobin, total serum protein and serum glucose. It can be concluded that MWM could be incorporated into the diet of indigenous turkey starter at 15% level without any deleterious effect on nutrient digestibility and blood chemistry.
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Marixara Sousa da Silva, Júlia, Nayanne Rodrigues de Oliveira, Alison Batista Vieira Silva Gouveia, Rodolfo Alves Vieira, Ronan Omar Fernandes dos Santos, Cibele Silva Minafra, and Fabiana Ramos dos Santos. "Effect of protease supplementation on the digestibility of amino acids in animal-origin meals for broiler diets." Czech Journal of Animal Science 66, No. 1 (January 25, 2021): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/134/2020-cjas.
Full textAbstract:
Enzymes benefit digestion and absorption of the ingredients and their addition to an animal-origin meal (AOM) can improve its nutritional quality. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of protease on nutrient digestibility, amino acids, and metabolism of AOM energy for broilers. Four hundred and eighty broiler chickens were distributed in a completely randomized design (4 × 2 factorial scheme), eight treatments, six replicates containing 10 birds/replicate. Treatments consisted of poultry viscera meal, swine viscera meal (SVM), bovine meat and bone meal, and basal diet; with and without protease addition. Two tests were performed. In the first test, the total excreta collection method was used with birds at 13 to 20 days of age and 25% of the reference feed was replaced by AOM. In the second test, a protein-free diet was administered to birds at 21 to 24 days of age and AOM replaced 25% of the starch. The inclusion of protease increased the apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance of SVM by 15.99% and the apparent metabolizable crude energy by 5.7%, and it also raised the coefficient of true ileal digestibility of the amino acids in the AOMs by 5.67% on average. The inclusion of protease improved the apparent metabolizable crude energy of AOMs, apparent metabolizable dry matter of bovine meat and bone meal, coefficient of true ileal digestibility of essential amino acids, and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance of SVM. Dietary supplementation of protease may be a potential strategy to improve the digestibility of amino acids for broilers, a possibility of using animal-origin meals as a protein source of diets.
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WELTZIEN, E. M., and F. X. AHERNE. "THE EFFECTS OF ANAEROBIC STORAGE AND PROCESSING OF HIGH-MOISTURE BARLEY ON ITS ILEAL DIGESTIBILITY BY, AND PERFORMANCE OF, GROWING SWINE." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 67, no. 3 (September 1, 1987): 829–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas87-086.
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Two studies were undertaken to determine the feeding value of high-moisture barley (HMB) for growing swine. HMB containing approximately 25% moisture and dry barley (approximately 13% moisture) was harvested from the same 21.8-ha field. On a dry matter (DM) basis, the HMB yielded 19.6% more than the dry barley. In the first experiment, 56 crossbred gilts and 24 crossbred barrows of an average initial weight of 28 kg were allocated on the basis of initial weight and sex to diets based on either anaerobically stored HMB or dry barley. Pigs fed the HMB-based diet consumed significantly more feed (P < 0.05) on a DM basis, than did pigs fed the dry-barley-based diet. Average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) were not affected by diet (P > 0.05). In the second experiment, eight barrows (57.6 kg initial weight), fitted with ileal T-cannulas, were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square to determine the apparent ileal digestibilities of nutrients in diets based on ground or rolled HMB (75% DM) and ground or rolled dry barley (87% DM). There were no differences (P > 0.05) among the four treatment groups in the apparent ileal digestibilities of the DM, CP, gross energy, starch or β-glucan components of the diets. The average ileal digestibility coefficient for β-glucan of the four diets was 79.6% (range: 76–82.2%), suggesting that this component is readily digested by growing pigs. The apparent ileal digestibilities for neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and phosphorus were lower (P < 0.05) for the ground dry barley diet than for the other diets. The apparent ileal digestibilities of lysine, methionine, isoleucine, alanine, valine, and aspartic acid were significantly higher (P < 0.05) for the ground HMB diet than for the dry barley diets. However, the digestibility coefficients for lysine, isoleucine, valine, and aspartic acid for the rolled HMB diet tended to be intermediate between the digestibility coefficients of these amino acids for the ground HMB diet and those for the dry barley diet. Thus, earlier harvest, in combination with anaerobic storage generally improves the digestibility of HMB as compared to dry barley. Key words: Growing swine, high moisture barley, β-glucan, digestibility, amino acid
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Varloud, M., A. de Fombelle, A. G. Goachet, C. Drogoul, and V. Julliand. "Partial and total apparent digestibility of dietary carbohydrates in horses as affected by the diet." Animal Science 79, no. 1 (April 2004): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800054539.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe study reported in this paper was conducted to evaluate the digestibility of dietary carbohydrates (‘starch and sugars’ (S), neutral-detergent fibre (NDF), acid-detergent fibre (ADF)) and organic matter (OM) in the different parts of the equine digestive tract (stomach, jejuno-ileum, caecum, right ventral colon, left ventral colon, left dorsal colon, right dorsal colon, small colon and faeces). Three horses were given a standard diet (D1) based on fibrous pellets and straw and four were offered a high energy diet (D2) based on starch pellets and meadow hay. The digesta collection procedure, by total tract removal, permitted measurement of organ length, and dry matter and volume of digesta. Acid-detergent lignin (ADL) and acid insoluble ash (AIA) were used as natural digestibility markers. It was shown that AIA and ADL gave coherent data for ‘starch and sugars’ digestibility evaluation. ADL was a more relevant marker for parietal carbohydrates and OM digestibilities in horses given D1, whereas AIA have been preferred to evaluate these components digestibilities in horses offered D2. In horses given D1, precaecal OM digestibility coefficient varied from -0·04 to 0·20 whereas it varied from 0·46 to 0·62 in horses receiving D2. For both pellets, the results showed a considerable S digestibility occurring in the stomach (0·69 and 0·60 for D1 and D2 respectively) and this continued in the small intestine (0·88 and 0·89 for D1 and D2 respectively). With the exception of D2, structural carbohydrate fractions of the foods were poorly digested in the pre-caecal digestive parts. In the hindgut, OM digestibility coefficient varied from 0·47 to 0·60 for D1 and from 0·33 to 0·51 for D2. In horses given D1, highest digestibility was observed for each dietary carbohydrate in the left dorsal colon where it reached 0·99 for S; 0·45 for NDF and 0·40 for ADF. In horses receiving D2, the dietary components’ digestibilities increased regularly along the hindgut up to the faeces. The D2 structural fractions (NDF and ADF) digestibilities in the hindgut and faeces were lower than in horses given D1. These results not only confirmed that high energy diets like D2 can affect structural carbohydrate digestion in the horse hindgut but also indicated that a large amount of the energy part of the pelleted morning meal is broken down in the stomach.
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Gollcher, Augusta Martins Romaniello, José Augusto de Freitas Lima, Elias Tadeu Fialho, Paulo Borges Rodrigues, and Renato Ribeiro de Lima. "Nutritional value of high and low tannin high-moisture sorghum grain silage in horses." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 39, no. 6 (June 2010): 1246–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982010000600012.
Full textAbstract:
The objective in this work was to determine the nutritive value of high and low tannin high-moisture sorghum grain silage in horse feeding by means of digestibility. A total of eight crossbred geldings at the age of six years and an average body weight of 330 kg were used in a complete randomized design with samples replicated on the same animals. The test-diets consisted of the ensiled high and low tannin sorghum grains replacing 30% of the dry matter of the reference diet, constituted exclusively by hay. The daily dry matter intake was equivalent to 2.0% of the body weight, so, the test diets were constituted by 30% of ensiled sorghum grains and 70% of hay. The digestibility coefficients of the nutrients of the low and high tannin sorghum grain silages were obtained by the difference between the coefficient of digestibility of the nutrients of the reference diet and the test-diets. The values of digestibility of dry matter, energy and protein of the high tannin sorghum grain silage were lower (73.65, 73.65 and 71.33%) than low tanin sorghum grain silage (87.70, 87.70 and 82.36%). The contents of digestible dry matter, digestible protein, digestible starch, digestible neutral detergent fiber and digestible energy were 59.08%, 10.63%, 71.48%, 2.32% and 3,954 Mcal/kg of dry matter of the low tannin sorghum grain silage and 50.58%, 8.16%, 67.80%, 3.72% and 3,192 Mcal/kg of the dry matter of high tannin sorghum grain silage, respectively, therefore, only contents of digestible neutral detergent fiber and starch were similar among silages. The use of low tannin sorghum grain silage, an alternative food in formulation of promising diets for horses feeding.
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Orozco, Zenith Gaye Almeda, Joemel Gentelizo Sumbing, Ma Junemie Hazel Lebata-Ramos, and Satoshi Watanabe. "Apparent digestibility coefficient of nutrients from shrimp, mussel, diatom and seaweed by juvenileHolothuria scabraJaeger." Aquaculture Research 45, no. 7 (October 29, 2012): 1153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/are.12058.
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