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Journal articles on the topic 'Digestive organs Mammals'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Franz, Ragna, Jürgen Hummel, Ellen Kienzle, Petra Kölle, Hanns-Christian Gunga, and Marcus Clauss. "Allometry of visceral organs in living amniotes and its implications for sauropod dinosaurs." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, no. 1662 (2009): 1731–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1735.

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Allometric equations are often used to extrapolate traits in animals for which only body mass estimates are known, such as dinosaurs. One important decision can be whether these equations should be based on mammal, bird or reptile data. To address whether this choice will have a relevant influence on reconstructions, we compared allometric equations for birds and mammals from the literature to those for reptiles derived from both published and hitherto unpublished data. Organs studied included the heart, kidneys, liver and gut, as well as gut contents. While the available data indicate that gu

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Stannard, Hayley J., and Julie M. Old. "Description of the gastrointestinal tract and associated organs of the kultarr (Antechinomys laniger)." Australian Mammalogy 35, no. 1 (2013): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am12003.

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This paper provides a macro- and microscopic description of the digestive tract of the kultarr (Antechinomys laniger), a small dasyurid marsupial. The digestive tract was simple, with no external differentiation between the small and large intestine, and lacked a caecum. Mean gross length of the kultarr digestive tract was 165.2 ± 32.1 mm. Microscopically, the tissues had cell types similar to those of other mammals. The new information will aid future post-mortem investigations of captive kultarrs and future studies of nutrition.

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Makowska, Krystyna, and Sławomir Gonkowski. "Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript (CART ) Peptide in Mammals Gastrointestinal System – A Review." Annals of Animal Science 17, no. 1 (2017): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2016-0014.

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Abstract Since its first description over 30 years ago, cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide has been the subject of many studies. Most of these investigations pertain to occurrence and functions of CART within the central nervous system, where this peptide first of all takes part in regulation of feeding, stress reactions, as well as neuroprotective and neuroregenerative processes. However, in recent years more and more studies concern the presence of CART in the gastrointestinal system. This peptide has been described both in stomach and intestine, as well as in other

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4

Meireles, Yara Silva, Flávia Serra Shinike, Douglas Rodrigo Matte, et al. "Ultrasound characterization of the coelomic cavity organs of the red-footed tortoise ( Chelonoidis carbonaria )." Ciência Rural 46, no. 10 (2016): 1811–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20150876.

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ABSTRACT: Herein it was describe sonographic morphology and sintopy of the bowels of the coelomic cavity in the red-footed tortoise. Coelomic cavity of 19 males and 19 females were scanned through cervical and prefemoral access with a multifrequency sector transducer. Morphology, syntopy and echogenicity of the heart, thyroid, liver, gallbladder, reproductive organs, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, urinary bladder and kidneys were evaluated. The heart showed two atria and one ventricle with a thick, trabecular wall. The thyroid was oval and hyperecoic, visualized in the cardiac port

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5

Jiang, Ying, Jia Yu Wang, Xiao Fu Huang, Chun Lan Mai, and Wen Bo Liao. "Brain size evolution in small mammals: test of the expensive tissue hypothesis." Mammalia 85, no. 5 (2021): 455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2019-0134.

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Abstract Brain size exhibits significant changes within and between species. Evolution of large brains can be explained by the need to improve cognitive ability for processing more information in changing environments. However, brains are among the most energetically expensive organs. Enlarged brains can impose energetic demands that limit brain size evolution. The expensive tissue hypothesis (ETH) states that a decrease in the size of another expensive tissue, such as the gut, should compensate for the cost of a large brain. We studied the interplay between energetic limitations and brain siz

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Hoppe, Monika I., Carlo Meloro, Mark S. Edwards, Daryl Codron, Marcus Clauss, and María J. Duque-Correa. "Less need for differentiation? Intestinal length of reptiles as compared to mammals." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (2021): e0253182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253182.

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Although relationships between intestinal morphology between trophic groups in reptiles are widely assumed and represent a cornerstone of ecomorphological narratives, few comparative approaches actually tested this hypothesis on a larger scale. We collected data on lengths of intestinal sections of 205 reptile species for which either body mass (BM), snout-vent-length (SVL) or carapax length (CL) was recorded, transforming SVL or CL into BM if the latter was not given, and analyzed scaling patterns with BM and SVL, accounting for phylogeny, comparing three trophic guilds (faunivores, omnivores

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Puccio, F., and T. Lehy. "Bombesin ingestion stimulates epithelial digestive cell proliferation in suckling rats." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 256, no. 2 (1989): G328—G334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1989.256.2.g328.

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The characterization of a bombesin-like peptide in the breast milk of some mammals might suggest that this peptide may influence, in part, the postnatal development of the digestive tract. To test this hypothesis, our experiments investigated whether oral administration of bombesin affects epithelial progenitor cell proliferation in digestive organs of suckling and weaned rats. Four series of pups were given bombesin diluted in milk (20 micrograms/kg, 3 times daily) or milk alone, for 5 days during either the first, second, third, or fourth week of life. Pups were killed after [3H]thymidine pu

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Hulbert, A. J., and P. L. Else. "Evolution of mammalian endothermic metabolism: mitochondrial activity and cell composition." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 256, no. 1 (1989): R63—R69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1989.256.1.r63.

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Body composition was measured and compared in Amphibolurus vitticeps and Rattus norvegicus (a reptile and a mammal with the same weight and body temperature). Homogenates were prepared from liver, kidney, brain, heart, lung, and skeletal (gastrocnemius) muscle, and mitochondria were isolated. Cytochrome oxidase activities of both tissue homogenates and isolated mitochondria were measured (at 37 degrees C) as was protein content. Phospholipids were extracted from liver and kidney, and the fatty acid composition was determined. The brain, liver, kidney, heart, and skeletal muscle were significan

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9

SETYOBUDI, EKO, IZANATUR ROHMAH, RIZKA FAUZIANA SYARIFAH, LISA RAMATIA, MURWANTOKO MURWANTOKO, and DINI WAHYU KARTIKA SARI. "Presence of Anisakis nematode larvae in Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger spp.) along the Indian Ocean southern coast of East Java, Indonesia." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 20, no. 1 (2018): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200136.

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Setyobudi E, Rohmah I, Syarifah RF, Ramatia L, Murwantoko, Sari DWK. 2019. Presence of Anisakis nematode larvae in Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger spp.) along the Indian Ocean southern coast of East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 313-319. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence (P), mean intensity (MI) and site of infection of anisakid larvae (Nematoda) in Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger spp.) at the Indian Ocean Southern Coast of East Java. A total of 341 fish were collected from Prigi and Muncar Fish Harbor, East Java during March-April 2018. Each fish specimen was measured in bo

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10

Lima, André Luis de Sousa Nogueira, Thamara Cozzi Gonçalves, Érika Renata Branco, et al. "Morphology of the Stomach of Tayra (Eira barbara)." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 46, no. 1 (2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.84087.

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Background: The Tayra (Eira barbara) is a mammal of the family Mustelidae with a significant presence in Latin America, it is considered an opportunist and extremely agile omnivorous. Some organs compose the digestive system and the stomach is a substantial organ for this system. The stomach have a small and a large curvature and the regions of the cardia, fundus, body and pylorus. Histologically, the stomach is made up of four layers or tunics that contributes in digestive functions. However, due the limited information available in the literature about morphophysiology of wildlife, this stud

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Da Fonseca Filho, Lucilo Bioni, Priscilla Virgínio De Albuquerque, Silvia Fernanda Alcântara, et al. "Macroscopic Description of Small and Large Intestine of the Sloth Bradypus variegatus." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 46, no. 1 (2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.89376.

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Background: Sloths of the species Bradypus variegatus are mammals with peculiar habits, which feed mostly young leaves of ‘embaúba’ and occur broadly in Central and South America. This specie has the greatest occurrence in Brazilian Northeast, making it a biological model for several researches in the fields as anatomy, physiology, genetics, pathology, histology and ecology, which provide data to literature in order to benefit maintenance and preservation of these animals. This study aimed to describe unpublished data about small and large intestine anatomy of the sloth Bradypus variegatus, in

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12

HALLECK, MARGARET S., JOSEPH F. LAWLER, SETH BLACKSHAW, et al. "Differential expression of putative transbilayer amphipath transporters." Physiological Genomics 1, no. 3 (1999): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.1999.1.3.139.

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Halleck, Margaret S., Joseph F. Lawler, Jr., Seth Blackshaw, Ling Gao, Priya Nagarajan, Coleen Hacker, Scott Pyle, Jason T. Newman, Yoshinobu Nakanishi, Hiroshi Ando, Daniel Weinstock, Patrick Williamson, and Robert A. Schlegel. Differential expression of putative transbilayer amphipath transporters. Physiol. Genomics 1: 139–150, 1999.—The aminophospholipid translocase transports phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine from one side of a bilayer to another. Cloning of the gene encoding the enzyme identified a new subfamily of P-type ATPases, proposed to be amphipath transporters. As re

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13

Lieshchova, M. A., N. M. Tishkina, A. A. Bohomaz, P. M. Gavrilin, and V. V. Brygadyrenko. "Combined effect of glyphosphate, saccharin and sodium benzoate on rats." Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 9, no. 4 (2018): 591–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/021888.

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Herbicides and food additives are included in many food products for humans. Non-used products or products beyond their expiry date are deposited in places of utilizatioin of solid municipal wastes, where they can take effects on the organisms of mouse-like rodents. Among the herbicides, glyphosphate takes first place in the world for volume of production, and is the most intensely used in agricultural farming. The discussion about negative impact on the organisms of mammals, especially against the background of using various substances and environmental factors, continues. In this study, we d

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Miyamoto, Tsutomu, Keiko Ishii, Ryouichi Asaka, et al. "Immunohistochemical expression of keratan sulfate: a possible diagnostic marker for carcinomas of the female genital tract." Journal of Clinical Pathology 64, no. 12 (2011): 1058–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2011-200231.

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AimsThe authors previously reported the expression of keratan sulfate (KS), a glycosaminoglycan, in the epithelium of normal and neoplastic endometria. The aim of this study was to evaluate its potential use as a diagnostic marker, and the expression of KS was investigated in other human epithelial tissues.MethodsExpression was examined immunohistochemically using 102 samples of normal epithelia and 110 samples of carcinomas from the female genital tract (FGT; cervix, endometrium, ovary, fallopian tube), digestive organs (gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, liver), urinary tract, lung, mammary g

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15

Hammond, Kimberly A., Joe Szewczak, and Elżbieta Król. "Effects of Altitude and Temperature on Organ Phenotypic Plasticity Along an Altitudinal Gradient." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 11 (2001): 1991–2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.11.1991.

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SUMMARYSmall mammals living in high-altitude environments must endure decreased ambient temperatures and hypoxic conditions relative to sea-level environments. Previously, it was noted that heart, lung and digestive tract masses and blood hematocrit increase along an altitudinal gradient in small mammals. Increases in digestive organ mass were attributed to lower ambient temperatures and greater food intake, and increases in lung mass and hematocrit were attributed to hypoxia, but these assumptions were not explicitly tested. In addition, it was not clear whether changes in heart and lung mass

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Gao, Wen-rong, Zheng-kun Wang, and Wan-long Zhu. "Plasticity in the physiological energetics of Apodemus chevrieri: the role of dietary fiber content." Animal Biology 66, no. 3-4 (2016): 259–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15707563-00002503.

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Small mammals are usually adapted to cope with changes in food quality and availability. In order to investigate the adaptive strategy of small rodents responding to varying dietary fiber content, in the present study,Apodemus chevrieriindividuals were acclimated to a high-fiber diet for four weeks and then a relatively low-fiber diet for another four weeks. The results show that body mass was relatively stable over the course of acclimation, but dry matter intake, gross energy intake and the mass of the digestive tract increased significantly and digestibility decreased significantly in high-

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Carvalho, Maria Priscila da Silva, Priscilla Virgínio de Albuquerque, Emanuela Polimeni de Mesquita, and Ana Greice Borba Leite. "Relações entre hábitos alimentares e aspectos anatômicos dos estômagos de animais domésticos – breve revisão de literatura." Revista Agraria Academica 4, no. 2 (2021): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32406/v4n2/2021/101-107/agrariacad.

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This literature review addresses the morphological variations in the stomach of domestic animals by associating them with their diet. The stomach is an important organ located between the esophagus and the small intestine. It is an enlarged portion of the digestive system, where partial digestion occurs, as well as absorptive processes and secretion of hormones and enzymes. The organ has great diversity among mammals, this condition being associated with the eating habits assumed by the representatives of the class. Scientific articles and books on anatomy, histology, veterinary medical clinic

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De Lima, Rafael Nogueira Araújo, Aline Almeida Liberato, Pedro Henrique Procópio Lobo, and Fellipe Camargo Ferreira Dias. "HIDATIDOSE POLICÍSTICA SIMULANDO LESÕES CARCINOMATOSAS PULMONARES, NO ESTADO DO TOCANTINS." Revista de Patologia do Tocantins 4, no. 2 (2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/uft.2446-6492.2017v4n2p5.

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A hidatidose é uma doença parasitária causada pelas tênias do gênero Echinococcus sp., helmintos encontrados no intestino delgado de carnívoros. A contaminação do ser humano se dá após o contato com fezes de animais contaminados ou pela ingestão de alimentos crus ou mal cozidos contendo ovos e larvas do parasita. A doença leva à formação de cistos orgânicos, principalmente hepáticos e pulmonares, com sintomatologia muito variada. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso de um paciente portador de hidatidose policística hepática e pulmonar, assim como promover um debate acerca das recomendaçõ

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Szymańska, Jadwiga, Barbara Frydrych, Paweł Struciński, Wiesław Szymczak, Agnieszka Hernik, and Elżbieta Bruchajzer. "Polychlorinated dibezno-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. Documentation of proposed values of occupational exposure limits (OELs)." Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy 36, no. 1 (2020): 27–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7815.

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Polychlorinated dibezno-p-dioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF) are compounds with similar structure, physicochemical and toxicological properties. They are not used commercially, they are formed as by-products during certain industrial processes, combustion, failures, etc. LD50 values (0.002-300 mg / kg) depend on the species of animal tested and the chemical structure of the compound. On chronic toxicity, the information available mainly relates to 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF. Potential routes of human exposure are: the digestive system, lungs and skin. These compounds are accumulated

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Andersson-Rolf, Amanda, Matthias Zilbauer, Bon-Kyoung Koo, and Hans Clevers. "Stem Cells in Repair of Gastrointestinal Epithelia." Physiology 32, no. 4 (2017): 278–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00005.2017.

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Among the endodermal tissues of adult mammals, the gastrointestinal (GI) epithelium exhibits the highest turnover rate. As the ingested food moves along the GI tract, gastric acid, digestive enzymes, and gut resident microbes aid digestion as well as nutrient and mineral absorption. Due to the harsh luminal environment, replenishment of new epithelial cells is essential to maintain organ structure and function during routine turnover and injury repair. Tissue-specific adult stem cells in the GI tract serve as a continuous source for this immense regenerative activity. Tissue homeostasis is ach

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Shevlyuk, N. N., V. A. Dolgov, and E. V. Dolgova. "Salivary Glands of Vertebrates: Ecological, Morphological and Evolutionary Aspects." Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology 10, no. 1 (2021): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2021-10-1-68-76.

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The aim of the study was to compare ecological and morphological features and evolutionary dynamics of the salivary glands in representatives of different classes of vertebrates living in different ecological conditions.Material and methods. The glandular structures of the tongue of vertebrates belonging to various taxonomic and ecological groups (fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals) were studied. The material obtained was processed using histological and histochemical methods.The results of the study demonstrated that in the course of the evolutionary transformations of vertebrates, an increa

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Milostiviy, R. V., О. О. Kalinichenko, Т. О. Vasilenko, D. F. Milostivа та G. S. Gutsulyak. "Проблемні питання адаптації корів голштинської породи в умовах промислової технології виробництва молока". Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 19, № 73 (2017): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7306.

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The increase in the duration of productive longevity of highly productive cows remains a problematic issue and in recent years has attracted increasing attention of domestic and foreign scientists. Accelerated herd turnover and significant premature retirement of Holstein animals in herds may subsequently have negative economic and biological consequences. The analysis of the lifetime productivity of the Holstein cattle of European breeding and their daughters under the conditions of industrial milk production technology has been carried out; the reasons for the culling of animals due to disea

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Linder, Maria C. "Copper Homeostasis in Mammals, with Emphasis on Secretion and Excretion. A Review." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 14 (2020): 4932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21144932.

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One of the hallmarks of Cu metabolism in mammals is that tissue and fluid levels are normally maintained within a very narrow range of concentrations. This results from the ability of the organism to respond to variations in intake from food and drink by balancing excretion, which occurs mainly via the bile and feces. Although this sounds straightforward and we have already learned a great deal about aspects of this process, the balance between overall intake and excretion occurs over a high background of Cu recycling, which has generally been ignored. In fact, most of the Cu absorbed from the

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Seroussi, Eyal, Martin Knytl, Frédérique Pitel, et al. "Avian Expression Patterns and Genomic Mapping Implicate Leptin in Digestion and TNF Signaling, Suggesting that Their Interacting Adipokine Role is Unique to Mammals." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 18 (2019): 4489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184489.

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In mammals, leptin and tumor-necrosis factor (TNF) are prominent interacting adipokines mediating appetite control and insulin sensitivity. While TNF pleiotropically functions in immune defense and cell survival, leptin is largely confined to signaling energy stores in adipocytes. Knowledge about the function of avian leptin and TNF is limited and they are absent or lowly expressed in adipose, respectively. Employing radiation-hybrid mapping and FISH-TSA, we mapped TNF and its syntenic genes to chicken chromosome 16 within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region. This mapping positio

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Lents, Clay A., China Supakorn, Jeff Vallet, R. Dean Boyd, Ashley DeDecker, and Kenneth J. Stalder. "20 Nutritional strategies to manage gilt growth and optimize lifetime productivity." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.019.

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Abstract Improving gilt development is key to maximizing sow longevity. How to best manage and feed gilts during development is heavily debated. A series of studies were conducted to determine the optimal feeding program for gilts during development. The hypothesis was that metabolizable energy (ME) and standard ileal digestible lysine could be varied under commercial conditions (ad libitum feeding) to optimize body weight gain and composition, age at puberty, and mammary gland development to support increased productivity of gilts. Studies were conducted in commercial production facilities in

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Bielenberg, D. R., I. J. Fidler та C. D. Bucana. "Constitutive Expression of Interferon β in Differentiated Epithelial Cells". Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (1997): 151–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600007649.

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Interferon beta (IFN β) is a member of the family of secreted proteins that compose the host defense against viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections and tumors. The interferons exert their activity indirectly by regulating a number of other proteins. Low level expression of IFN β has been reported in a variety of non-epithelial cells from normal animals. Here, we demonstrate the expression of IFN β in epithelial cells lining organs that are chronically exposed to a variety of environmental challenges.Tissue samples from the digestive system, urinary bladder, mammary fat pad, skin and cornea

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Suzuki, Akiko, and Junichi Iwata. "Molecular Regulatory Mechanism of Exocytosis in the Salivary Glands." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 10 (2018): 3208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19103208.

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Every day, salivary glands produce about 0.5 to 1.5 L of saliva, which contains salivary proteins that are essential for oral health. The contents of saliva, 0.3% proteins (1.5 to 4.5 g) in fluid, help prevent oral infections, provide lubrication, aid digestion, and maintain oral health. Acinar cells in the lobular salivary glands secrete prepackaged secretory granules that contain salivary components such as amylase, mucins, and immunoglobulins. Despite the important physiological functions of salivary proteins, we know very little about the regulatory mechanisms of their secretion via exocyt

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Shaw, Geoff, and Marilyn B. Renfree. "Parturition and perfect prematurity: birth in marsupials." Australian Journal of Zoology 54, no. 3 (2006): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo05070.

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Marsupials are distinguished from eutherian mammals in their mode of reproduction. They give birth to a highly altricial young, which completes its development whilst attached to a teat, usually within a pouch. The marsupial neonate has relatively well-developed digestive, respiratory and circulatory systems but retains its fetal excretory system with a fully functional mesonephric kidney and undifferentiated gonads and genitalia. We have investigated birth in the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) and shown that the tiny (400 mg) fetus determines the time of its own delivery. Although plasma p

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Sadigov, Yu M. "Clinical-anamnestical features hyperplastic processes an endometrium at women of genesial age." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 6(132) (July 30, 2018): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2018.132.92.

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The objective: studying of clinical-anamnestic features the hyperplastic processes an endometrium at women of genesial age. Materials and methods. Clinical examination of 176 women with various options of hyperplastic processes an endometrium (the main group) and 30 women of similar age without gynecologic pathology was conducted. Among women of the main group glandular hyperplasia the endometriya met at 58 (33.0%) patients; polyps an endometrium – at 70 (39.8%) and adenomatous hyperplasia an endometrium – respectively at 48 (27.3%) women. Results. The conducted research taped that for the wom

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Mattar, Ehab H., Fatma Elrashdy, Hussein A. Almehdar, Vladimir N. Uversky, and Elrashdy M. Redwan. "Natural resources to control COVID-19: could lactoferrin amend SARS-CoV-2 infectivity?" PeerJ 9 (April 14, 2021): e11303. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11303.

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The world population is still facing the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Such a challenge requires complicated tools to control, namely vaccines, effective cures, and complementary agents. Here we present one candidate for the role of an effective cure and/or complementary agent: lactoferrin. It is the cross-talking mediator between many organs/cellular systems in the body. It serves as a physiological, immunological, and anti-microbial barrier, and acts as a regulator molecule. Furthermore, lactoferrin has receptors on most tissues cells, and is a rich source for bioactive peptides, par

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Jin, Jipeng, Liping Zhang, Jianlei Jia, et al. "Effects of Maternal Low-Protein Diet on Microbiota Structure and Function in the Jejunum of Huzhu Bamei Suckling Piglets." Animals 9, no. 10 (2019): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9100713.

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The jejunum is the primary organ for digestion and nutrient absorption in mammals. The development of the jejunum in suckling piglets directly affects their growth performance post-weaning. The jejunum microbiome plays an important role in proliferation, metabolism, apoptosis, immune, and homeostasis of the epithelial cells within the organ. The composition and diversity of the gut microbiome is susceptible to the protein composition of the diet. Therefore, the effects of maternal low-protein diets on piglets’ intestinal microbial structure and function have become a hot topic of study. Herein

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Conde, Daniel, Paolo M. Triozzi, Kelly M. Balmant, et al. "A robust method of nuclei isolation for single-cell RNA sequencing of solid tissues from the plant genus Populus." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (2021): e0251149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251149.

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Single-cell transcriptome analysis has been extensively applied in humans and animal models to uncover gene expression heterogeneity between the different cell types of a tissue or an organ. It demonstrated its capability to discover key regulatory elements that determine cell fate during developmental programs. Single-cell analysis requires the isolation and labeling of the messenger RNA (mRNA) derived from each cell. These challenges were primarily addressed in mammals by developing microfluidic-based approaches. For plant species whose cells contain cell walls, these approaches have general

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Fournier, Antoine P., Sara Martinez de Lizarrondo, Adrien Rateau, et al. "Ultrasensitive molecular imaging of intestinal mucosal inflammation using leukocyte-mimicking particles targeted to MAdCAM-1 in mice." Science Translational Medicine 12, no. 560 (2020): eaaz4047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz4047.

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Mucosal tissues play critical roles in health and disease as the primary barrier between the external world and the inner body, lining the digestive, respiratory, urinary, mammary, and reproductive tracts. Clinical evaluation of mucosal tissues is currently performed using endoscopy, such as ileocolonoscopy for the intestinal mucosa, which causes substantial patient discomfort and can lead to organ damage. Here, we developed a contrast agent for molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that is targeted to mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1), an adhesion molecule ov

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Krasny, Lukas, Angela Paul, Patty Wai, Beatrice A. Howard, Rachael C. Natrajan, and Paul H. Huang. "Comparative proteomic assessment of matrisome enrichment methodologies." Biochemical Journal 473, no. 21 (2016): 3979–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20160686.

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The matrisome is a complex and heterogeneous collection of extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM-associated proteins that play important roles in tissue development and homeostasis. While several strategies for matrisome enrichment have been developed, it is currently unknown how the performance of these different methodologies compares in the proteomic identification of matrisome components across multiple tissue types. In the present study, we perform a comparative proteomic assessment of two widely used decellularisation protocols and two extraction methods to characterise the matrisome in fou

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Verkerk, Arie O., Elisabeth M. Lodder, and Ronald Wilders. "Aquaporin Channels in the Heart—Physiology and Pathophysiology." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 8 (2019): 2039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20082039.

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Mammalian aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane channels expressed in a large variety of cells and tissues throughout the body. They are known as water channels, but they also facilitate the transport of small solutes, gasses, and monovalent cations. To date, 13 different AQPs, encoded by the genes AQP0–AQP12, have been identified in mammals, which regulate various important biological functions in kidney, brain, lung, digestive system, eye, and skin. Consequently, dysfunction of AQPs is involved in a wide variety of disorders. AQPs are also present in the heart, even with a specific distributio

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Elghazaly, Nawal A., Hala H. Zaatout, Eman H. Radwan, Mohamed M. Elghazaly, and Eman A. Elsheikha. "Trigonella Foenum Graecum Extract Benefits on Hematological, Biochemical and Male Reproductive System of as a Complementary Therapy with Glimepiride in Treating Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats." Journal Of Bioinformatics And Diabetes 1, no. 3 (2019): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2374-9431.jbd-19-2613.

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder. Streptozotocin is a naturally occurring cytotoxic chemical, particularly toxic to the pancreas and insulin producing beta cells in mammals and induces diabetes. Glimepiride is a second generation sulfonylurea, used as second-line or add-on treatment options for type 2 diabetes. Fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum graecum) seeds have been documented as a traditional plant treatment for diabetes. Soluble dietary fiber of Fenugreek significantly improved oral glucose tolerance in diabetic rats. It also exerts anti-diabetic effects mediated through t

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Hoet, Peter HM, Maurits Demedts, and Benoit Nemery. "Effects of oxygen pressure and medium volume on the toxicity of paraquat in rat and human type II pneumocytes." Human & Experimental Toxicology 16, no. 6 (1997): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719701600602.

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The herbicide, paraquat is highly toxic for mammals, with the lungs being the main target organ, because of the active accumulation of the compound in this organ. The cellular toxicity of paraquat has been shown to be an O2-driven process and hyperoxia is known to increase the lethality of paraquat. In this study we have examined the effect of various O2 concentrations on the toxicity of paraquat in rat and human type II pneumocytes in culture, and we have tested whether the thickness of the liquid layer above the cells would influence the toxicity of paraquat. Type II pneumocytes were isolate

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Slack, J. M. "Developmental biology of the pancreas." Development 121, no. 6 (1995): 1569–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.121.6.1569.

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The pancreas is an organ containing two distinct populations of cells, the exocrine cells that secrete enzymes into the digestive tract, and the endocrine cells that secrete hormones into the bloodstream. It arises from the endoderm as a dorsal and a ventral bud which fuse together to form the single organ. Mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians have a pancreas with similar histology and mode of development, while in some fish, the islet cells are segregated as Brockmann bodies. Invertebrates do not have a pancreas, but comparable endocrine cells may be found in the gut or the brain. The earl

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Abbasova, D. V., S. B. Polikarpova, A. A. Markovich, V. Yu Kirsanov, and N. A. Kozlov. "Neuroendocrine neoplasms of kidney." Medical alphabet, no. 8 (June 16, 2020): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2020-8-47-51.

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The most common anatomical localization of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are the digestive and bronchopulmonary systems, the total proportion of which exceeds 90 % of cases of this group of tumors. In turn, the remaining cases are represented by extremely rare primary neuroendocrine neoplasms of the head and neck, skin, female genital organs, mammary gland, bladder and kidney. Due to the extremely rare observations and the lack of standardized approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the kidneys are of significant clinical interest. The true incidence of NENs o

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San Gabriel, Patrick, Yuyang Liu, Angie Schroder, Hans Zoellner, and Belal Chami. "The Role of Thiocyanate in Modulating Myeloperoxidase Activity during Disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 17 (2020): 6450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176450.

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Thiocyanate (SCN−) is a pseudohalide anion omnipresent across mammals and is particularly concentrated in secretions within the oral cavity, digestive tract and airway. Thiocyanate can outcompete chlorine anions and other halides (F−, Br−, I−) as substrates for myeloperoxidase by undergoing two-electron oxidation with hydrogen peroxide. This forms their respective hypohalous acids (HOX where X− = halides) and in the case of thiocyanate, hypothiocyanous acid (HOSCN), which is also a bactericidal oxidative species involved in the regulation of commensal and pathogenic microflora. Disease may dys

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Xu, Fang, Lili Tian, Yan Li, et al. "High prevalence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in dairy farms: Evidence for possible gastrointestinal transmission." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (2021): e0249341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249341.

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Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) represents one of major zoonotic diseases among cattle, it also affects the health of human, other domestic animals and wild life populations. Inhalation of infected aerosol droplets is considered as the most frequent route of the infection. This study aims to investigate the current forms of tuberculosis in cattle and identify the possible transmission modes in dairy farms of China. 13,345 cows from eight dairy farms in three provinces were comprehensively diagnosed by a multitude of assays, including SIT, CIT, IFN-γ assay and

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Córdova Izquierdo, Alejandro, Adrian E. Iglesias Reyes, Gustavo Ruiz Lang, et al. "Nutrition and Food in the Reproduction of Cattle." European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 3, no. 3 (2021): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2021.3.3.184.

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At the beginning of the 1980s, a series of very profound changes were initiated in the milk cow nutrition approaches, as a consequence of the highest levels of production per cow that were reached by the productive systems of the northern hemisphere. Nutrition is defined as the series of processes through which an organism acquires and assimilates food to promote its growth and replace worn or damaged tissues. The nutrients are fundamental for the animals to carry out their different productive functions. When we consider the aspects that touch the field of nutrition of ruminants, we understan

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Remick, A. K., A. J. Van Wettere, and C. V. Williams. "Neoplasia in Prosimians: Case Series from a Captive Prosimian Population and Literature Review." Veterinary Pathology 46, no. 4 (2009): 746–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1354/vp.08-vp-0154-r-fl.

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Neoplastic diseases in prosimians have been sporadically reported in the literature. To provide a comprehensive review of prosimian neoplasia, a retrospective evaluation of neoplasia in a large captive prosimian colony and an extensive literature review were performed. Primates that belong to the Order Primata, Suborder Prosimii with histologic evidence of neoplasia were included. One hundred twenty-three cases of spontaneous neoplasia were identified in 101 prosimians from the Duke Lemur Center, and 124 cases were reported in 116 prosimians in the literature. Overall, this review compiled a t

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Zarzosa-Moreno, Daniela, Christian Avalos-Gómez, Luisa Sofía Ramírez-Texcalco, et al. "Lactoferrin and Its Derived Peptides: An Alternative for Combating Virulence Mechanisms Developed by Pathogens." Molecules 25, no. 24 (2020): 5763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245763.

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Due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens, it is necessary to develop options to fight infections caused by these agents. Lactoferrin (Lf) is a cationic nonheme multifunctional glycoprotein of the innate immune system of mammals that provides numerous benefits. Lf is bacteriostatic and/or bactericidal, can stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation, facilitate iron absorption, improve neural development and cognition, promote bone growth, prevent cancer and exert anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects. Lactoferrin is present in colostrum and milk and is also produced

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Castro, José A., María Montalto deMecca, and Laura C. Bartel. "Toxic Side Effects of Drugs Used to Treat Chagas’ Disease (American Trypanosomiasis)." Human & Experimental Toxicology 25, no. 8 (2006): 471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0960327106het653oa.

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Chagas’ disease (American trypanosomiasis) is an endemic parasitic disease in some areas of Latin America. About 16-18 million persons are infected with the aetiological agent of the disease, Trypanosoma cruzi, and more than 100 million are living at risk of infection. There are different modes of infection: 1) via blood sucking vector insects infected with T. cruzi, accounting for 80-90% of transmission of the disease; 2) via blood transfusion or congenital transmission, accounting for0.5-8% of transmission; 3) other less common forms of infection, eg, from infected food or drinks or via infe

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Finotti, Ricardo, Mariana Moraes Santos, and Rui Cerqueira. "Diet, digestive tract gross anatomy and morphometry of Akodon cursor Winge (Sigmodontinae): relations between nutritional content, diet composition and digestive organs." mammalia 76, no. 1 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2012-0503.

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Takei, Yoshio. "The digestive tract as an essential organ for water acquisition in marine teleosts: lessons from euryhaline eels." Zoological Letters 7, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40851-021-00175-x.

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AbstractAdaptation to a hypertonic marine environment is one of the major topics in animal physiology research. Marine teleosts lose water osmotically from the gills and compensate for this loss by drinking surrounding seawater and absorbing water from the intestine. This situation is in contrast to that in mammals, which experience a net osmotic loss of water after drinking seawater. Water absorption in fishes is made possible by (1) removal of monovalent ions (desalinization) by the esophagus, (2) removal of divalent ions as carbonate (Mg/CaCO3) precipitates promoted by HCO3− secretion, and

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Shah, M. I. S. Hazlan, M. S. Salisi, H. Wahid, et al. "Identification of Bovine Growth Hormone (BGH) Gene Polymorphism Using PCR-RFLP Method in Buffalo Bulls." Annual Research & Review in Biology, September 14, 2019, 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2019/v33i130111.

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Growth Hormone (GH) is a single polypeptide chain synthesised and secreted from anterior pituitary gland by somatroph cells. The product of GH gene hastens metabolism and promotes the growth of many organs and tissues especially bone, muscle and visceral organs. It also regulates growth, mammary gland development and lactation. Polymorphism in this gene is associated with increase in growth and development of many tissues in the body. Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate the polymorphism of bovine growth hormone (bGH) gene in buffalo bulls (Bubalus bubalis) using the PCR-R

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Song, Qian, Hongjin Liu, Hui Zhen, and Bosheng Zhao. "Autophagy and its role in regeneration and remodeling within invertebrate." Cell & Bioscience 10, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13578-020-00467-3.

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Abstract Background Acting as a cellular cleaner by packaging and transporting defective proteins and organelles to lysosomes for breakdown, autophagic process is involved in the regulation of cell remodeling after cell damage or cell death in both vertebrate and invertebrate. In human, limitations on the regenerative capacity of specific tissues and organs make it difficult to recover from diseases. Comprehensive understanding on its mechanism within invertebrate have strong potential provide helpful information for challenging these diseases. Method In this study, recent findings on the auto

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Chekrysheva, V. V. "Hematological studies in inflammation of the mammary gland in animals." Veterinaria i kormlenie, no. 3 (June 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.30917/att-vk-1814-9588-2021-3-16.

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The article presents the results of studies of blood samples from cats with mastitis. The studies were carried out on the basis of the North Caucasian Zonal Research Veterinary Institute - a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution FRANTS, as well as in the veterinary hospitals of the SBBZH in the city of Rostov-on-Don during 2020. The study involved non-sterilized outbred cats aged 6-8 years with signs of inflammation of the mammary gland. At the first stage, a general and special clinical study of animals was carried out. At the second stage, the presence of concomitant p

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