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Academic literature on the topic 'Digestive system of chickens'
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Journal articles on the topic "Digestive system of chickens"
1
Kyryliv, B. Ya, A. V. Hunchak, and О. М. Stefanyshyn. "Activity of hydrolytic enzyme in the poultry of different species." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 89 (2018): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet8918.
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In the processes of digestion and assimilation of nutrients of feed in the body a special place belongs to the digestive system. Hydrolysis of nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract of farm poultry is closely linked to its physiological state, the intensity of metabolic processes in the body and its productivity. However, there are no significant differences in the course and regulation of digestive functions between individual poultry species. At the same time, for different types of poultry, certain distinctive patterns of the course of digestive processes and, in particular, the activity of hydrolytic enzymes, due to the peculiarities of the structure and functioning of the digestive system, are characteristic. In the article is given a fragment of complex systemic researches, which is concerning the proteolytic, amylolytic and lipolytic activity of enzymes in tissues of the organs of the digestive canal (mucous membrane of the glandular and duodenum, pancreas, liver) of the quail breed “Pharaoh”, as well as chicken egg productivity direction cross “Hayseks Brown” and the Beijing Broiler Duck Cross STAR 53 (heavy) selection of the French firm “GRIMAUD FRERES SELECTION” during the critical periods of their growth and development. Namely, in the period of adaptation of the organism after hatching (day-old chicks of all species), complete resorption of residual yolk (7-day quail and 6-day chickens and ducks) and puberty (120-day chickens, 42-day quails, 180-daily ducks) All poultry was kept in poultry farms and received balanced full-fodder feeds, taking into account its species, age and physiological condition. The technology of keeping quails and chickens in cellular batteries, and ducks – on the mesh floor, with free access to the feed and water. It was established, that the nature of changes in the activity of hydrolytic enzymes had organ-tissue and species specificity. This is due not only to the particularities of digestion in quails, chickens and ducks, but also the energy value of rations used in feeding each type of farm poultry, which significantly affects metabolic processes in the body.
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Untari, Tri, Okti Herawati, Marla Anggita, Widya Asmara, Agnesia Endang Tri Hastuti Wahyuni, and Michael Haryadi Wibowo. "The Effect of Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGP) on Antibiotic Resistance and the Digestive System of Broiler Chicken in Sleman, Yogyakarta." BIO Web of Conferences 33 (2021): 04005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213304005.
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Chicken is a major source of animal protein consumption in Indonesia. The problem facing the poultry industry is the incidence of resistance which increases mortality of the chicken production. One of the causes of resistance case is the use of antibiotics in feed additives. The public understanding about the effects of the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in chickens in antibiotic resistance and the digestive tract of chicken needs to be done to avoid the impact on economic losses and health problems. This study aims to provide an understanding of the effects of the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) on antibiotic resistance and the digestive tract of broiler chickens. This study was carried out at a broiler chicken farm in Sleman, Yogyakarta. Based on the histopathological result of the digestive tract of chickens that were given antibiotics as AGP, there was no inflammation occurs, but the administration of antibiotics caused antibiotic resistance in various type of antibiotics including tetracycline (90% resistance), streptomycin (60% resistance), amoxicillin (50% resistance), erythromycin (80% resistance), and no resistance for gentamycin.
3
Purnomo, Hindriyanto Dwi. "The Use of Naive Bayes for Broiler Digestive Tract Disease Detection." Journal of Information Technology and Computer Engineering 3, no. 01 (2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jitce.3.01.1-7.2019.
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Broiler chicken is a species of chicken that have high productivity. In order to get a good quality of chicken, good treatments of the breeding factors is needed, so the chicken will not easily infected by diseases. Gastrointestinal diseases are common disease that infects chickens. The mortality level caused by gastrointestinal diseases is considered high. This study is designed to address the problem by developing a system using the Naive Bayes algorithm. 60 chicken data samples were used, and the result shows that Naive Bayes might be used to detect gastrointestinal diseases among chickens with accuracy level of 93.3%. The number was confirmed by using confusion matrix evaluation method, and gave same level of accuracy compared to the expert judgments.
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Vertiprakhov, V. G., and A. A. Grozina. "EXOCRINE PANCREATIC FUNCTION IN CHICKENS AS A RESULT OF ADDING FEED ACIDIFIERS IN THEIR DIET." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 48, no. 6 (2019): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2018-6-9.
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Feed acidifiers are used in animal diets for the prevention of proliferation of intestinal pathogenic microorganisms and resulting gastrointestinal digestive disorders. These additives, containing organic acids, have also been found to improve productivity and feed efficiency in poultry. There is information about correlation between digestive enzymes’ activity and intestinal microbiota of meattype chickens. However, the exact mechanism of the beneficial impact of organic acids on the digestion system still remains understudied. The paper presents the results of experiments conducted on Hisex White chicken with chronic fistulae of the main pancreatic duct, fed on a diet supplemented with an acidifier containing 2-furoic acid. No significant effect of this acidifier was found on the digestive pancreatic function. The dynamics analysis showed that the chickens’ secretion rate of pancreatic juice after postprandial 30 minutes dropped by over two times in the testing period when using acidifiers in their diet. After 150 minutes this rate was lower by 27.3% compared to the control group, which corresponds the neurochemical phase of secretory regulation. Analysis of enzyme dynamics (amylase, lipase and protease) showed a slight increase in the activity of proteases in pancreatic juice (by 1.2- 12.4%), compared to the control group, in the phase of complex-reflex regulation of pancreatic secretory activity related to the recognition of the taste qualities of the feed. Feed conversion ratio in the test group of broiler chickens increased by 1.52% when using acidifiers in the diet. The result of the study showed that the use of acidifiers has a beneficial effect on chickens’ gastrointestinal digestion as well as an inhibitive action on intestinal pathogens.
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Maguey-Gonzalez, Jesus A., Matias A. Michel, Mikayla F. A. Baxter, et al. "Effects of Humic Acids on Recovery of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis." Annals of Animal Science 18, no. 2 (2018): 387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2017-0037.
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AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of humic acids (HA) on recovery of Salmonella Enteritidis, in an in vitro digestive system and on intestinal colonization in neonate broiler chickens. In experiment 1, two runs using an in vitro digestion model with two sources of HA (commercial or natural extraction) at 0.1 or 0.2%, and inoculated with 107 CFU/tube of S. Enteritidis, were carried out. In experiment 2, one-day-old male broiler chickens were randomly allocated to one of two groups (n=25) with or without 0.2% of isolated HA from worm compost, and challenged with 106 CFU of S. Enteritidis per chicken at 10-d old. All chicks were euthanized 24-h post challenge, and were subjected to serum fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d) determination. A section of ileum was removed to obtain total concentration of IgA. Ceca-cecal tonsils were removed to evaluate Salmonella recovery, total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and total Gram negative bacteria. In experiment 1, neither concentration of commercial nor natural HA were able to reduce the recovery of S. Enteritidis in any of the simulated compartments (P>0.05). Only the crop compartment showed significant differences in pH in both trials between control and treated groups. In experiment 2, no significant differences were observed in serum concentration of FITC-d, intestinal IgA, S. Enteritidis recovery, LAB or total Gram negative bacteria in the ceca between control and treated chickens. In conclusion, no effects of HA on recovery of Salmonella Enteritidis, in an in vitro digestive system and on intestinal colonization of Salmonella, bacterial counts in ceca, intestinal IgA and serum FITC-d in neonate broiler chickens were observed. Further studies to evaluate the effect of HA under feed restriction model as an inducer of intestinal inflammation are currently being conducted.
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Liu, S. Y., and P. H. Selle. "Starch and protein digestive dynamics in low-protein diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids." Animal Production Science 57, no. 11 (2017): 2250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an17296.
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Digestive dynamics of starch and protein is defined as digestion of starch and protein, absorption of glucose and amino acids from the gut lumen and their transition across enterocytes to enter the portal circulation. Digestive dynamics consider the extent, rate and site of nutrient digestion along the small intestine and the bilateral, post-enteral bioavailability of glucose and amino acids. The underlying premise is that glucose and amino acids should be made available in appropriately balanced quantities at the sites of protein synthesis for efficient protein deposition and growth performance. Previous studies have suggested that feed conversion efficiency may be enhanced by rapidly digestible protein and that crystalline amino acids could be considered sources of ‘rapid protein’. At present, crystalline lysine, methionine and threonine are routinely included in broiler diets; moreover, an increasing array of both essential and non-essential crystalline amino acids is becoming commercially available. Despite unrestricted feed access in commercial chicken-meat production systems during the period of illumination, it appears that the intermittent feed consumption patterns of broiler chickens still provide scope for asynchronies in digestion and absorption of nutrients, which affects broiler performance. A better understanding of the post-enteral, bilateral bioavailability of glucose and amino acids in low-protein diets containing high levels of synthetic amino acids is clearly desirable and this applies equally to the relationship between crystalline and protein-bound amino acids.
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Ekaningtias, Maya, Hastari Wuryastuty, and Wasito Wasito. "Pendekatan Diagnosis Avian Influenza Virus dan Newcastle Disease Virus pada Kasus Lapangan Ayam Petelur: Imunopatologis Streptavidin Biotin." Jurnal Sain Veteriner 35, no. 1 (2017): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jsv.29299.
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Poultry can be infected not only by one type of virus, but also by more than one type of virus. Avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are two important pathogens in poultry that can cause recurrent outbreaks and often lead to clinical symptoms and pathological lesions similar in poultry with high morbidity and mortality causing significant economic losses to the poultry industry. This study aims to detect and differentiate pathogenic viruses in commercial laying chickens with similar clinical symptoms, especially torticolis and curled toe paralysis, and anatomic pathological lesions, such as foci necrotic hemorrhages in the digestive tract by applying streptavidin-biotin immunohistochemical immunological test (IHC SB). Samples (chickens) were taken from the cases of the disease in poultry in several commercial poultry farms. The layer chickens in which showed clinical symptoms of torticolis and curled toe paralysis, and hemorrhagic lesions in the lungs and / or digestive system are suspected of having AIV and NDV infections. After being necropsied, then lungs and gastrointestinal tract were tested IHC SB. The IHC SB results were examined with a digital microscope camera system. The results of the present study indicated that AIV antigen was detected in the lungs, but not in the digestive tract, whereas, NDV was detected in the digestive tract, but not in the lungs. It was concluded, that the IHC SB can be applied for confirmation of the diagnosis of AIV and NDV and indicated, that the commercial laying chickens with clinical symptoms of torticolis and curled toe paralysis, as well as pathological hemorrhagic lesions in the gastrointestinal tract could be infected by both viruses.
8
Korchan, L., and A. Zamaziy. "Distribution of nematodoses of poultry in farms of Poltava region." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 23, no. 102 (2021): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet10201.
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The task of meeting the needs of the population with high-quality poultry products is to create a stable veterinary welfare in farms of various forms of ownership by in-depth study of the epizootic situation of nematodoses, which are registered in poultry. This will effectively develop and implement a system of treatment and prevention measures and reduce the incidence and death of poultry, especially from mixed helminthiasis. The aim of the work was to study the species composition, distribution and features of the course of nematodoses of the digestive tract in poultry in the farms of Poltava region. A total of 241 coprooscopic studies of chickens and 186 – geese were performed. Parasitological studies have shown that nematodoses of the digestive tract among domestic geese and chickens in farms of Poltava region are very common invasive diseases, where the extensiveness of invasion ranges from 16.59 to 74.69 %. In the studied chickens, pathogens of heterakosis (EI – 74.69 %), ascaridiosis (41.49 %), capillariosis (31.54 %), trihostrongilosis (16.59 %) were detected. Among the studied geese, pathogens of heterakosis (41.94 %), amidostomosis (27.42 %), capillariosis (25.81 %) and trihostrongilosis (16.67 %) were found. It is proved that nematodoses of the digestive tract mainly occur in the form of polyinvasions. In 67.22 % of patients with nematodoses of chickens, the simultaneous course of several parasitic pathogens was established, in geese this figure was 57.69 %. Monoinvasions were detected in 32.78 and 42.31 % of patients with nematodoses of chickens and geese, respectively. Out of the polyinvasions of chickens, two-component ones predominated, where heterakosis-capillariosic and ascaridiosis-heterakosic were most often diagnosed (51.24 and 33.06 % of patients with polyinvasions). Ascaridiosis-trihostrongilosis-capillariosic (9.92 %) and heterakosis-trihostrongilosis-capillariosic (5.78 %) invasions were less frequent. Among geese, heterakosis-capillariosic (40 % of patients with polyinvasions) and amidostomosis-capillariosic (28.89 %) invasions dominated among polyinvasions. A smaller percentage were heterakosis-amidostomosis-capillariosic (20 %) and amidostomosis-trihostrongilosis (11.11 %) invasions. Prospects for further research are to establish the effectiveness of modern anthelmintics in polyinvasions of geese and chickens.
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Diaz, G. J., M. L. Vargas, and A. Cortés. "Evaluation of the supplementation of a feed additive as a potential protector against the adverse effects of 2.5 ppm T-2 toxin on growing broiler chickens." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 68, no. 3 (2016): 709–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-8416.
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ABSTRACT A trial was conducted to evaluate a feed additive containing epoxidase activity from a bacterium (Mycofix-S) as a potential protection against the adverse effects of 2.5 ppm dietary T-2 toxin in male growing broiler chickens. A total of 144 one-day-old Ross 308 male chicks were individually wing-banded and allotted into each of the four experimental groups. Group 1: negative control, no T-2 toxin or additive; group 2: Mycofix-S, 2.5 g/kg; group 3: positive control, 2.5 ppm T-2 toxin; group 4: 2.5 ppm T-2 toxin + 2.5 g/kg Mycofix-S. Feed and water were provided ad libitum for 28 days (days 1 to 28 of age). Each experimental treatment was replicated 6 times, with 6 birds per replicate pen. Response variables included performance parameters, serum activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and amylase, relative weight of selected organs and histology of the upper digestive system. T-2 toxin at 2.5 ppm significantly (P = 0.016) decreased the 28-day body weight gain and cumulative feed intake without affecting feed conversion. The feed additive counteracted these adverse effects. Serum enzyme activities were not significantly (P>0.05) affected for the four experimental groups but when data from the groups receiving T-2 toxin was pooled and compared against the pooled data from groups without the toxin a significant decrease in amylase activity was observed in chickens receiving T-2 toxin. The histological examination of the upper digestive system revealed lesions in mouth, esophagus, proventriculus, gizzard and duodenum in the chickens fed T-2 toxin without the additive. Chickens fed T-2 toxin plus the additive showed lesions in the same tissues except in the duodenum. The results of the present study show that the addition of 2.5 g/kg of the feed additive tested protects against adverse effects on performance and also the integrity of the duodenal mucosa.
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Cruz-Polycarpo, V. C., J. B. Freschi, G. V. Polycarpo, R. G. A. C. Araujo, A. Barbieri, and R. L. M. Sousa. "Isolated and combined organic acids in diets of broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria acervulina." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 72, no. 4 (2020): 1511–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-11647.
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ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effect of isolated or combined citric and benzoic acids added to the diets of broiler chickens on performance, allometry of the digestive system organs, intestinal pH and quantity of microorganisms in the jejunum. A total of 840 male Cobb broiler chicks were utilized, distributed in a complete random design in 2 × 2 factorial scheme, supplemented or not with citric acid, and sodium benzoate, with seven replications. At 14 days old, 1mL of a solution containing 1 × 105 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria acervulina per bird was inoculated orally. There was no effect of the acids on the broiler’s performance in the 1 to 21-day period. In the total period (1 to 42 days), the broilers fed with a blend of citric and benzoic acid presented greater feed intake, without increment in weight gain. The data of allometry of the digestive system organs and the jejunal pH values were not influenced by the treatments. The citric acid increased the bacterial quantity of gram-positive coccus and total anaerobes in the jejunum. Under the conditions of the present study, we conclude that the citric and benzoic acids, isolated or combined, do not benefit the nutrition of broilers challenged with E. acervulina.