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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Digestive system'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Monteiro, Emiliano Carneiro. "O sistema digestivo do \"bicho-pau\" Phibalosoma phyllinum (Phasmida, Phasmatidae): uma análise morfológica, fisiológica e bioquímica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41131/tde-24082012-092811/.

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Este trabalho consiste em um estudo detalhado do sistema digestivo de Phibalosoma phyllinum (Phasmida, Phasmatidae) num enfoque morfofuncional. Do ponto de vista anatômico, o seu sistema digestivo é constituído por um intestino anterior, um intestino médio e um intestino posterior. O intestino anterior é composto por uma cavidade bucal (onde se abre o ducto da glândula salivar bilobada), uma faringe, que se continua para o esôfago, terminando em um proventrículo, que forma uma válvula em seu interior. O intestino médio é formado por um ventrículo tubular, dividido em três regiões: ventrículo a

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2

Hames, C. A. C. "The digestive system and metals in terrestrial isopods." Thesis, University of Reading, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234697.

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3

Man, Siu-yin. "Adrenomedullin in the rat digestive system response to starvation /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B32032298.

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Man, Siu-yin, and 文小燕. "Adrenomedullin in the rat digestive system: response to starvation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B32032298.

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5

Filietáz, Carlos Felipe Tasso. "Padrões de especificidade e expressão das lipases digestivas durante o desenvolvimento e o processo infeccioso no mosquito Aedes aegypti." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-23022017-120752/.

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O mosquito Aedes aegypti é vetor de doenças como a febre amarela, dengue, chinkungunya e zika. O sistema digestório é responsável pela digestão e absorção de nutrientes, é também uma interface com o ambiente externo sendo a porta de entrada de organismos infecciosos. A presença de duas lipases digestivas foi confirmada por qPCR, uma na fase larval (L-Aa7051) e outra na fase adulta (L-Aa7055). Estas enzimas foram agrupadas na família das lipases neutras e apresentam alterações em resíduos envolvidos na especificidade, domínio tampa e alça β9. A L-Aa7055 recombinante foi expressa heterologa

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Akhlaq, Maham. "Investigation of Cten signalling and regulation in colorectal cancer." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/32802/.

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Cten (also known as Tensin4) is the fourth member of the Tensin gene family. It lacks the N terminal actin binding domain while retaining the C terminal SH2 and PTB domains. This helps to bind Cten to the intracytoplasmic tail of β1 integrin and puts it at the heart of focal adhesions. It is reported to be a tumour suppressor in kidney and prostate cancer where normal tissues show high expression. However in a number of tumours, including colorectal cancer, Cten has been labelled as an oncogene. Cten which normally is a cytoplasmic protein gives nuclear staining in colorectal metastatic deposi

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Jain, Kamini. "Prevention of treatment related adverse effects in cystic fibrosis." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/55105/.

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Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the commonest life-limiting genetic disorders in the Caucasian population. Management involves frequent administration of antibiotics including aminoglycosides. With improving survival, it is time to focus on various age-related and treatment-associated adverse influences. The objective of this research was to evaluate renal function in CF, determine the effects of cumulative antibiotic exposure and to identify ways to reduce associated comorbidity. A cross-sectional study showed that a small number of adults and children with CF had low glomerular filtration rat

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8

Alsulaiman, Abdullah. "Investigation of the role of CD24 in metastatic colorectal cancer." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/55401/.

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CD24 is a small (81 amino acids) GPI anchored protein which is involved in promoting cell motility and stemness and may be a part of the metastatic process. It is a heavily glycosylated molecule and contains numerous O-glycosylation sites together with two N-glycosylation sites. N-glycosylation is thought to be important in protein function, and therefore, the aim of this study is to (a) investigate the importance of N-glycosylation in the function of CD24, (b) identify other potentially functional sites in CD24 by deletion mapping, (c) define downstream targets of CD24, and (d) identify the e

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9

Couch, Daniel. "The actions of cannabidiol and palmitoylethanolamide on inflammation and permeability of the gut." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/51804/.

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In health, the gut provides a barrier between the external and internal environment. This selectively permeable barrier allows absorption of nutrients and water from the gastrointestinal contents, whilst preventing the transfer of noxious material such as bacteria. During episodes of inflammation, this barrier becomes compromised, allowing transfer of noxious material into the systemic circulation, leading to disease states such as inflammatory bowel disease and septic shock. There are no clinically available compounds to combat this increase in permeability directly. The endocannabinoid syste

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10

Asiri, Abdulaziz. "Investigations into the role of Cten signalling in colorectal cancer." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/52233/.

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C-terminal tensin-like (Cten, also known as Tensin4) is the member of the tensin gene family. Cten functions as an oncogene in a variety of cancer types and its expression is commonly associated with poor prognosis and metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). Although several studies have shown that Cten has a critical role in the regulation of cell motility and invasion in different tumour tissues, the underlying signalling mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This thesis investigated the biological activity of Cten in four different ways in order to further elucidate the mechanisms of Ct

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11

De, Rosa Antonella. "Oestrogen receptors in oesophageal cancer." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/52399/.

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Introduction: Oesophageal cancer is more common in men than women. Oestrogen, which mediates its effects via oestrogen receptors (ERs), may be responsible for the gender disparity. This thesis investigates the role of ERs in oesophageal cancer development and explores potential therapeutic possibilities. Methods: ERα and ERβ expression in oesophageal AC cell lines (OE19 and OE33) was knocked down using siRNA, and the effect of knockdown on the expression of proliferation-associated proteins (Ki67, PCNA, E-cadherin, Cyclin D) was assessed. The effect of the SERM, tamoxifen, on oesophageal cance

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12

Maitra, Rudra Krishna. "Evolving new drug treatments for faecal incontinence." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/44517/.

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Faecal incontinence is an embarrassing and socially debilitating condition which is primarily acquired and increases in prevalence with age. Current conservative measures are aimed at dietary modification and changing the consistency of stool with no targeted treatments available to address the underlying cause of incontinence. Surgical treatments are either unsatisfactory or carry significant morbidity. There is currently increasing interest in the use of α adrenoceptor agonists to increase the tone of the anus and thereby improve continence. One of the potential drugs, L-erythro-methoxamine,

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13

Saunders, John. "Ex vivo modelling of oesophago-gastric cancer." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/47574/.

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Introduction The response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in oesophago-gastric (OG) cancer is only 40%, so over half of the patient’s disease will progress, whilst they also suffer the toxic chemotherapy side-effects. A model to predict chemotherapy response would provide a marked clinical benefit, by enabling personalised treatment of OG cancer. Methods Live chemo-naïve tumour biopsies were obtained following informed consent at staging endoscopy, before patients underwent their routine neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Tumour cells from the endoscopic biopsies were expanded, using an in vitro feeder la

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Boereboom, Catherine L. "Determining the feasibility and effectiveness of high intensity interval training in preoperative colorectal cancer patients." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/47342/.

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Colorectal cancer (CRCa) is the 4th most common cancer in the United Kingdom with 41,265 new cases diagnosed in 2014 (Cancer Research UK, 2017). Advancing age is an established risk factor for the development of CRCa (Figure 1.1); between 2012 and 2014 44% of new cancers were diagnosed in patients aged 75 years and over (Cancer Research UK, 2017). Due to our ageing population, national screening programmes and improved diagnostic techniques, a greater number of older people are now being diagnosed with CRCa. However older people are not surviving the disease as well as their younger counterpar

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Palaniyappan, Naaventhan. "Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in evaluating haemodynamic changes in portal hypertension." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/45274/.

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The majority of complications in patients with cirrhosis result from the development and progression of portal hypertension characterised by increased intrahepatic resistance and progressive splanchnic vasodilation. Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) measurement is the only validated technique to accurately evaluate changes in portal pressure. However, HVPG measurements are invasive and available only in specialised hepatology units, precluding its use in routine clinical practice. In the first study, we evaluated the use of non-contrast quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a

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Vitish-Sharma, Parveen. "The effect of Trendelenburg positioning in laparoscopic colorectal surgery on intraocular pressure and cognitive function." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48966/.

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Trendelenburg positioning is frequently used during laparoscopic surgery particularly when access to the pelvis is required. With improvements in laparoscopic skills, high risk patients and more complex procedures are now frequently being performed laparoscopically. (Improvement, 2016) The aim of this thesis is to investigate the effect of Trendelenburg positioning on intraocular pressure (IOP) and cognitive function. Chapters 2 and 4 look at the effect of Trendelenburg positioning on IOP. Perioperative vision loss occurs rarely but it is a life changing complication. A rise in IOP is a recogn

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17

Prokopchuk, O. V. "Criteria for digestive system dysfunction in newborns with perinatal pathology." Thesis, БДМУ, 2022. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/19808.

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18

Lam, Ching Yin. "Biomarkers to assess an anti-inflammatory treatment for irritable bowel syndrome : mast cell assays and magnetic resonance imaging." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28803/.

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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) remains a heterogeneous condition and is a common condition. The causes of IBS remain poorly understood and there is a lack in biomarkers to distinguish this condition. Recently, there have been reports on the release of immune mediators leading to symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Mast cells, which can be activated by allergy or stress, are thought to be important cause of symptoms in some IBS patients because they can release chemicals, which cause pain and diarrhoea. Currently, there are few effective treatments available to alleviate these symptoms. Recen

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Tobias, Amanda Jane. "Gastrin interactions which impact upon gastric, colonic, pancreatic and oesophageal carcinogenesis." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11348/.

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Albasri, Abdulkader. "An investigation of the role of C-terminal tensin-like (Cten) gene in colorectal cancer." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12055/.

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The C-terminal tensin-like (Cten) gene is a member of the tensin family and is localised at the cytoplasmic tail of β-integrin. It is involved in various biological events although the role of in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) is uncertain. In order to study this, the expression of Cten during the development of CRC was initially evaluated using immunohistochemistry (IHC) on colorectal adenomas and carcinomas. Positive immunoreactivity for Cten was observed in 317/342 (92.6%) of CRC and 19/20 (90%) of colorectal adenoma. High Cten expression was significantly associated with advanc

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21

Brown, Matthew. "The expression of Toll-like receptors-2 and-4 by human crypt intestinal epithelial cells, intestinal myofibroblasts and putative intestinal stem cells in inflammatory bowel disease." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13437/.

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Host-microbial interactions are of major importance in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Toll-like receptors (TLR) are pattern recognition receptors which recognise conserved molecular patterns derived from micro-organisms. Crypt intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) were isolated form mucosal specimens of healthy controls and patients with IBD (ulcerative colitis, UC, and Crohn's disease). A population of IEC enriched for intestinal stem cells (ISC) were identified using Hoechst dye exclusion and by their adherence to cultured primary intestinal myofibroblast cell monolayers.

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Mirams, Gary R. "Subcellular phenomena in colorectal cancer." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10567/.

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The Wnt signalling pathway is involved in stem cell maintenance, differentiation and tissue development, and in so doing plays a key role in controlling the homeostasis of colorectal crypts. In response to an external Wnt stimulus, the intracellular levels of the protein beta-catenin are regulated by the proteins which make up the Wnt signalling pathway. Abnormalities in the Wnt signalling pathway have been implicated in the initiation of colorectal and other cancers. In this thesis we analyse and simplify existing models of the Wnt signalling pathway, formulate models for Wnt's control of the

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Chen, Liqiong. "The development of a novel in vitro model of human liver for the study of disease pathogenesis." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11020/.

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The development of systems for the long term in vitro culture of functional liver tissue is a major research goal. The central limitation of experimental systems to date has been the early de-differentiation of primary hepatocytes in cultures. Several factors including cell-cell interaction, cell-matrix interaction, soluble factors and 3D structures have been identified as the keys to overcome this limitation. The first aim of this project is to compare the established 3D model, co-culture of hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) on PDLLA coated surfaces, to other best available system

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Fleming, Catherine Mary. "The epidemiology of cirrhosis and abnormal liver function in the general population of the UK." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11371/.

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Background Liver disease is a serious problem both in the UK and globally. While the incidence and mortality from several chronic diseases are decreasing, mortality from liver disease is increasing. As well as the medical sequelae for an individual with liver disease, in the UK the increase in chronic liver disease poses particular problems with respect to increasing hospital admissions, mortality and significant costs to the public both in terms of treatment and in loss of productivity. The increase in society of several risk factors for chronic liver disease, notably alcohol intake, obesity

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25

Crooks, Colin J. "The epidemiology of upper gastrointestinal bleeding." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13394/.

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Background There have been many conflicting changes in the prevalence of the risk factors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding and therefore it is not clear what the current trends in mortality or incidence are, nor which factors are important in driving these trends. As populations in many countries are ageing with an increasing burden of co-morbidity, this thesis investigates whether the relationship between non gastrointestinal co-morbidity and upper gastrointestinal bleeding might be an explanation for current trends. I hypothesised that non gastrointestinal co-morbidity was responsible for

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Parsons, Caron Saeko. "The development of a patient reported outcome measure and imaging modalities in the evaluation of haemorrhoidal disease." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28466/.

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With the advent of DGHAL and PPH, treatments that purport to work by disrupting the arterial supply of haemorrhoids, there has been resurgence in interest in the vascular theory of pathogenesis of haemorrhoids. Despite uncertainty surrounding recurrence and complication rates there has been significant uptake of the new surgical approach due to decreased post-operative pain. However this has not been matched by discussion or evaluation of how haemorrhoidal disease and successful outcome should be evaluated. This thesis evaluates different approaches to the measurement of the burden of haemorrh

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Mannath, Jayan. "Endoscopic multimodal imaging in Barrett's oesophagus." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28688/.

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The incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OA) has increased exponentially in the western world over the past few decades. Barrett's oesophagus (BO) is a well known precursor of OA with a risk approximately 20 times more than that of background population. Regular endoscopic surveillance in patients with BO is recommended by most of the national gastroenterological societies. The advantage of Barrett's surveillance is to identify early subtle lesions which could then be managed early to avoid symptomatic and advanced cancers. The detection of such early lesions are challenging as they could

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Hammond, John Stotesbury. "Scaffolds for liver tissue engineering : in vitro co-culture & in vivo release." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12556/.

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This thesis presents the development and evaluation of two applications for scaffolds in the field of liver tissue engineering. In the first study a poly (D,L lactic acid) (PDLLA) scaffold is used as a three-dimensional template for hepatocyte–hepatic stellate cell (HSC) co-culture. To enhance PDLLA ligand binding capacity scaffolds are surface modified using allylamine plasma deposition and treatment with NaOH. Primary adult rat hepatocytes and HSC are then seeded onto these scaffolds and cultured in static conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to assess mono-culture and co-c

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Stevenson, Diane J. "P2X7, inflammation and gastrointestinal disease." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28897/.

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The inflammatory bowel diseases, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are characterised by spontaneously relapsing and remitting inflammation, associated with increased mucosal levels of the inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1 (IL-1)β. IL-1β processing and release is mediated by ATP stimulation of the purine receptor, P2X7. P2X7 is a membrane ion channel highly expressed in immune cells. Signal transduction occurs via rapid cation exchange, plasma membrane depolarisation and increased intracellular calcium. Additionally, prolonged or repeated P2X7 stimulation leads to formation of a non-sel

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Crusz, S. A. "Lectin-mediated biofilm maturation, quorum sensing and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in cystic fibrosis." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10734/.

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Chronic infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa are primarily responsible for the decline in lung function and ultimate mortality in cystic fibrosis patients. The overall aim of this project was to elucidate some of the molecular mechanisms governing the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa in the cystic fibrosis lung. This was with particular reference to (a) quorum sensing, a cell-to-cell communication system controlling the production of virulence determinants in a population density dependent manner using diffusible signal molecules and (b) the pseudomonas lectins, LecA and LecB, which are known t

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Royal, E. L. "Interplay between hypoxia and gastrin in gastrointestinal cancer." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10805/.

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Tumour hypoxia has been linked to increased resistance to both radiotherapy and chemotherapy, especially in solid metastatic GI tumours. Under hypoxic conditions, genes that promote tumour growth and survival are up-regulated, via the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). The digestive hormone gastrin, which is often over-expressed in GI cancers, has also been shown to act as a pro-survival factor, up-regulating processes such as tumour proliferation, angiogenesis and migration, and down-regulating apoptosis. Due to the high level of similarity between the downstream events

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Abdul, Rahim Roslina. "Molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of NAFLD and NASH." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12074/.

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Pioglitazone (PGZ) is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ agonist that improves peripheral insulin sensitivity and reduces hepatocellular injury/ inflammation in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the underlying hepatic mechanism of action is not clearly understood with PGZ treatment. Therefore, liver biopsies were used to study genes, protein and immunohistochemistry expression of hepatocyte and hepatic stellate cell markers. PGZ decreased both αSMA and PPAR β expression in stellate cell and PPAR α hepatocyte expression, hence inhibit both stellate cell activatio

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Maxwell-Armstrong, Charles Alan. "Studies using the anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody 105AD7 in patients with advanced and primary colorectal cancer." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14137/.

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Introduction. The anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody 10SAD7 mimics the tumour associated antigen 791T/ gp72, present on approximately 80% of colorectal cancer cells. A Phase I study using 10SAD7 in 13 patients with advanced colorectal cancer has shown that it is nontoxic, and conferred a survival advantage on patients who received it [Denton GWL 1994]. Aim. There were two aims of this work. The first was to assess whether. the survival advantage seen in the Phase I study was reproducible in a Phase II study. The second was to immunise patients with primary colorectal cancer, in a non-randomise

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Card, Timothy R. "A contribution to knowledge of the aetiology and indirect impact of inflammatory bowel diseases : (based upon analysis of routinely and semi-routinely available data)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12445/.

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The incidence of the idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease appears to have risen markedly during the 20th century. These diseases now account for a considerable proportion of the workload of gastroenterologists in the developed world, and may affect as much as 1% of the population at some point in their lives. The aetiology of these diseases has been subject of much research over a number of decades and it is clear that both genetic and environmental factors are involved. The certain knowledge of environmental risk factors however remains scant. Similarl

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Gemmill, Elizabeth H. "Minimally invasive gastro-oesophageal surgery for cancer : current evidence and practice." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/55424/.

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Background Since its introduction in the early 1990s, minimally invasive gastro-oesophageal surgery for cancer has been growing in popularity. Despite this, published evidence on this type of technique is weak and its role in the management of gastric and oesophageal cancer remains controversial. Aims The aim of this thesis was to test the hypothesis that: minimally invasive gastro- oesophageal cancer surgery has superior outcomes compared to control studies of conventional open surgery; but current studies are methodologically inadequate to confirm this. Methods The first study (chapter 3) is

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Ingram, Richard J. M. "Duodenal ulcer promoting gene : effects on the pathophysiology of Helicobacter pylori infection and the host immune response." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42105/.

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Duodenal ulceration remains a significant problem. Helicobacter pylori infection is the major cause of duodenal ulcers (DU). Worldwide, around 1 in 2 people are chronically colonised by H. pylori, most of whom will not develop gastroduodenal disease, though some will develop DU whilst others will develop gastric ulcer or gastric carcinoma. The risk of disease is related to bacterial virulence factors, host and environmental factors. Disease-specific bacterial risk factors have not been established. Duodenal ulcer promoting gene (dupA) was proposed as a disease-specific bacterial virulence fact

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Ham, Karom Hersh Abdul. "Investigate tumour heterogeneity and genetic pathways in colorectal cancer." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42487/.

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Background: Colorectal cancer is a major global public health problem that has predominantly been considered a genetic disease following a precise series of molecular events. These are characterized by sequential accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alteration in several oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. Understanding of the genetic mechanisms that explain the initiation and evolution of colorectal cancer are key to improving risk prediction, prognostication and treatment. Aims: The aim of this study was to understand the basic principles of the molecular biology of colorectal cancer ba

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Onyido, Emenike K. "Mechanisms and roles of FLYWCH1 in colorectal cancer." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42558/.

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Human colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death in the UK and worldwide. Defects in conserved signalling pathways play key roles in the development of almost all cancers and, in CRCs, over 80% of tumours show hyper-activation of the canonical Wnt signalling pathway. This pathway, through the transcriptional activity of β-catenin (and its binding partner, TCF4), maintains the stem cell compartment of colon and intestinal-crypts as well as cancer-initiating cells. Whilst the role of β-catenin/TCF4 in the development of both normal and neoplastic colon/intest

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Shaheen, Sameerah. "Roles & mechanisms of NANOG-mediated drug resistance in human colorectal cells." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/43364/.

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NANOG is a transcription factor that functions as a central regulator of pluripotency and determines the cell fate in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Dr Nateri’s laboratory and others have reported the expression of embryonic NANOG in a small subpopulation of cells in several human cancers including human colorectal cancer (CRC). NANOG positive CRC cells express the normal intestinal stem cell marker LGR5, as well as the induced pluripotent stem (iPS)-linked transcription factors SOX2, c-MYC, and high β-catenin. These cells strongly resemble a small subpopulation of poorly differentiated cancer s

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Poghosyan, Anna. "Molecular mechanisms of enhanced expression of the chemokine interleukin 8 (CXCL8) in cystic fibrosis (CF) airway epithelial cells." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/27801/.

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Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a fatal disease caused by a mutation of the CFTR gene and severe inflammation of the lungs. The inflammatory process is characterised by increased production of the potent neutrophil-attracting chemokine interleukin 8 (CXCL8), but the mechanism responsible is poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that altered epigenetic regulation is responsible for the basal and cytokine-induced CXCL8 upregulation in CF airway epithelial cells. We found that CXCL8 protein levels and mRNA expression were higher in CF as compared to normal cells both basally and following cytokine

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Saini, Francesca. "Role of the Hedgehog pathway in the pancreatic tumour microenvironment." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/27738/.

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Pancreatic cancer is a solid tumour with poor prognosis and ineffective therapeutic approaches. The role of the tumour microenvironment in supporting pancreatic tumour growth and metastasis has been demonstrated. In particular, a new concept of the stem cell niche as a mixed population of mesenchymal stem cells and niche cells (myofibroblast cells) involved in promoting these processes is emerging. Paracrine transmission of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway in the pancreatic tumour microenvironment has previously been reported. This project aimed to identify the stromal pancreatic cancer cells able to

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Garsed, Klara C. "Predicting the response to Ondansetron, a 5HT3 receptor antagonist, in irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea : the utility of clinical features and objective biomarkers." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14332/.

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Background: Patients with diarrhoea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) suffer from loose frequent stools with associated urgency and fear of incontinence. Relief from these symptoms is an important unmet need. The 5-HT3 receptor antagonist Alosetron has been shown to increase stool consistency, decrease urgency and reduce abdominal pain leading to a global increase in satisfaction with treatment [1]. Its use is restricted following an increased incidence of ischaemic colitis and this agent is not available in Europe. The serine proteases family of proteolytic enzymes have been identi

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Dainty, Andrew David. "The cognitive behavioural treatment of irritable bowel syndrome : feasibility of a nurse delivered model of guided self-help." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/35537/.

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Background: Irritable bowel syndrome is a medically unexplained phenomena relating to the lower gastrointestinal tract with symptoms such as altered bowel habit and abdominal pain. Patients experience poor quality of life and consume significant healthcare resources. Mechanisms for the delivery of evidence based psychological interventions for irritable bowel syndrome within the National Health Service are lacking and the feasibility of these interventions is poorly understood. Methods: A novel, low-intensity, nurse-led psychological intervention has been developed and trialled within a mixed

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Al-Masmoum, Hussain. "An investigation of chromosome 20q13 amplification in colorectal cancer." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/36938/.

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Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent and second most fatal type of cancer in the Western world. 20q amplification has been identified in approximately 50% of CRC cases. 20q amplification and may be associated with liver metastasis. In our lab, a previous array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) study of a series of primary CRCs and corresponding liver metastases, found that the 20q13 was frequently amplified in both groups. Several known oncogenes are located at Chromosome 20q (for example SRC, TPX2 and CSE1L) suggesting that 20q amplification may be an importa

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Mahdi, Adnan Hammad. "The structure and innervation of the sphincters in the large intestine of the domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos)." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29864.

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Findlay, John Mitchell. "Precision staging and management of Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal cancer : genomic, imaging and pathological biomarkers." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/38037/.

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Barrett’s oesophagus and oesophageal cancer represent two of the most important and challenging oesophageal disease processes globally, combining increasing incidences with high morbidity treatments, often with poor clinical outcomes. A major contributory factor is that disease susceptibility, progression and response to therapy are largely unpredictable, due to inherent biological complexity and variability. At present, just staging groups are used routinely as thresholds for guiding the use of therapies such as ablation, resection, and oncological therapies. However, these represent blunt to

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Canavan, Caroline. "Using real world data to generate health economic models : a worked example assessing the cost-effectiveness of referral to gastroenterology for irritable bowel syndrome in the UK." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/32666/.

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Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has substantial impact on Quality of Life (QoL) and patients have high healthcare utilization. Guidelines recommend diagnosis and management within primary care, yet around 25% of patients are referred to gastroenterology. These studies aimed to assess the incidence of organic gastrointestinal disease in patients diagnosed with IBS, the cost of healthcare utilization and the QoL in patients with IBS before and after seeing a gastroenterologist and to estimate the cost-effectiveness of a gastroenterology appointment. Methods: Patients with IBS were i

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Keeler, Barrie D. "Investigation of patient blood management in colorectal surgery." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33457/.

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Introduction: Perioperative allogeneic red blood transfusions (ARBT) are associated with impaired short and long term outcomes. Consequently, perioperative ARBT should be avoided, yet preoperative anaemia increases this need. The study aimed to compare the efficacy of preoperative intravenous (IVI) and oral iron (OI) in reducing ARBT use in anaemic patients undergoing colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery. Methods: 116 anaemic patients with non-metastatic CRC adenocarcinoma were recruited preoperatively and randomised to receive either OI (ferrous sulphate) or IVI (ferric carboxymaltose). Perioperat

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Varadhan, Krishna Kumar. "The mechanistic basis of metabolic response to surgery and postoperative insulin resistance in patients having abdominal surgery." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/29095/.

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Postoperative insulin resistance (POIR) is a hallmark feature in patients having major abdominal surgery. Surgical stress may induce changes in metabolic pathways that perturb glucose homeostasis, resulting in stress hyperglycaemia. The studies described in the present thesis set out to examine the evidence behind (1) the ‘Enhanced Recovery After Surgery’ pathway (2) preoperative carbohydrate drinks (CHO), in attenuating the surgical stress response and (3) to investigate the mechanistic basis of metabolic response to surgery and the development of postoperative insulin resistance in patients

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Molokwu, Anuri Joy. "Assessment of dysphagia in people with Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis and muscular dystrophy." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/29048/.

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Introduction: Previous research has shown that patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and muscular dystrophy (MD) are known to be at risk of dysphagia and could benefit from dysphagia screening. The aim of this study was to describe the use of dysphagia screening and assessment procedures amongst patients with neurological conditions when they have an unplanned admission to hospital. Methods: Two methods of data collection were used in this study. The first method was a prospective observational study to determine the use of dysphagia screening and assessment procedure

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