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Journal articles on the topic 'Digit arrangement'
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Pérez-Gómez, Rocío, Endika Haro, Marc Fernández-Guerrero, María F. Bastida, and María A. Ros. "Role of Hox genes in regulating digit patterning." International Journal of Developmental Biology 62, no. 11-12 (2018): 797–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.180200mr.
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The distal part of the tetrapod limb, the autopod, is characterized by the presence of digits. The digits display a wide diversity of shapes and number reflecting selection pressure for functional adaptation. Despite extensive study, the different aspects of digit patterning, as well as the factors and mechanisms involved are not completely understood. Here, we review the evidence implicating Hox proteins in digit patterning and the interaction between Hox genes and the Sonic hedgehog/Gli3 pathway, the other major regulator of digit number and identity. Currently, it is well accepted that a self-organizing Turing-type mechanism underlies digit patterning, this being understood as the establishment of an iterative arrangement of digit/interdigit in the hand plate. We also discuss the involvement of 5’ Hox genes in regulating digit spacing in the digital plate and therefore the number of digits formed in this self-organizing system.
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Rimoldi, Horacio J. A., E. Bei De Libonatti, A. Salinas, and F. Lagoutte. "Note on Matrices of Random Numbers." Psychological Reports 86, no. 2 (2000): 457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.86.2.457.
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The statistical and structural characteristics of 13 matrices of random numbers in which both the cells and the entries were randomly chosen are discussed. Each matrix was explored considering row means, standard deviations, and correlations as well as column means, standard deviations, and correlations. A study concerning the sequential arrangement of digits was performed by finding out in tables of random numbers how many times the values 0 to 9 are followed by any other digit. Analyses indicate clear factor structures when factor analyzing correlations of rows and of columns and when examining sequential arrangements, concluding that for a given set of digits it is possible to assert both randomness and nonrandomness depending on how the data are examined.
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Eichele, G., C. Tickle, and B. M. Alberts. "Studies on the mechanism of retinoid-induced pattern duplications in the early chick limb bud: temporal and spatial aspects." Journal of Cell Biology 101, no. 5 (1985): 1913–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.101.5.1913.
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All-trans-retinoic acid causes striking digit pattern changes when it is continuously released from a bead implanted in the anterior margin of an early chick wing bud. In addition to the normal set of digits (234), extra digits form in a mirror-symmetrical arrangement, creating digit patterns such as a 432234. These retinoic acid-induced pattern duplications closely mimic those found after grafts of polarizing region cells to the same positions with regard to dose-response, timing, and positional effects. To elucidate the mechanism by which retinoic acid induces these pattern duplications, we have studied the temporal and spatial distribution of all-trans-retinoic acid and its potent analogue TTNPB in these limb buds. We find that the induction process is biphasic: there is an 8-h lag phase followed by a 6-h duplication phase, during which additional digits are irreversibly specified in the sequence digit 2, digit 3, digit 4. On average, formation of each digit seems to require between 1 and 2 h. The tissue concentrations, metabolic pattern, and spatial distribution of all-trans-retinoic acid and TTNPB in the limb rapidly reach a steady state, in which the continuous release of the retinoid is balanced by loss from metabolism and blood circulation. Pulse-chase experiments reveal that the half-time of clearance from the bud is 20 min for all-trans-retinoic acid and 80 min for TTNPB. Manipulations that change the experimentally induced steep concentration gradient of TTNPB suggest that a graded distribution of retinoid concentrations across the limb is required during the duplication phase to induce changes in the digit pattern. The extensive similarities between results obtained with retinoids and with polarizing region grafts raise the possibility that retinoic acid serves as a natural "morphogen" in the limb.
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Steyaert, James P., and John F. Snyder. "Seating Arrangement and State Anxiety as Related to Performance on Digit Span and Digit Symbol of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale." Psychological Reports 57, no. 3 (1985): 807–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1985.57.3.807.
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This research investigated the effects of dyadic seating arrangement as it related to performance on the Digit Span and Digit Symbol subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised (WAIS—R) and on anxiety as measured by the “Now” version of the Affective Adjective Check List. The WAIS—R subtests and the “Now” version of the check list were administered to 40 men and 40 women to determine correlation of seating arrangement with sex of subject and performance on the WAIS—R subtests and “Now” check list. Seating arrangement (subject seated face-to-face with a desk between, versus the corner of a desk between subject and experimenter) and sex of subject had no significant effect on WAIS—R subtest scores. State anxiety was unrelated to scores or dyad seating arrangement or sex of subjects.
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Nuerk, Hans-Christoph, Ulrich Weger, and Klaus Willmes. "On the Perceptual Generality of the Unit-Decade Compatibility Effect." Experimental Psychology 51, no. 1 (2004): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.51.1.72.
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Abstract. Number magnitude is assumed to be holistically represented along a single mental number line. Recently, we have observed a unit-decade-compatibility effect which is inconsistent with that assumption (Nuerk, Weger, & Willmes, 2001) . In two-digit Arabic number comparison, we have demonstrated that compatible comparisons in which separate decade and unit comparisons lead to the same decision (32_47, 3 < 4 and 2 < 7) were faster than incompatible trials (37_52, 3 < 5, but 7 > 2). Because overall distance was matched, a holistic model could not account for the compatibility effect. However, one could argue that the compatibility effect was due to the specific vertical perceptual arrangement of the two-digit numbers in Nuerk et al.’s (2001) experiment where the decade digits and unit digits were presented column-wise above each other. To examine this objection, we studied the perceptual generality of the compatibility effect with diagonal presentation. We replicated the compatibility effect with diagonal presentation. It is concluded that the compatibility effect is not due to encoding characteristics imposed by the perceptual setting of the original experiment. In particular, the assumption of an overall analog magnitude representation for two-digit numbers is not consistent with these data.
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Senthil, Pavan, Om Vishanagra, John Sparkman, Peter Smith, and Albert Manero. "Design and Assessment of Bird-Inspired 3D-Printed Models to Evaluate Grasp Mechanics." Biomimetics 9, no. 4 (2024): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9040195.
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Adapting grasp-specialized biomechanical structures into current research with 3D-printed prostheses may improve robotic dexterity in grasping a wider variety of objects. Claw variations across various bird species lend biomechanical advantages for grasping motions related to perching, climbing, and hunting. Designs inspired by bird claws provide improvements beyond a human-inspired structure for specific grasping applications to offer a solution for mitigating a cause of the high rejection rate for upper-limb prostheses. This research focuses on the design and manufacturing of two robotic test devices with different toe arrangements. The first, anisodactyl (three toes at the front, one at the back), is commonly found in birds of prey such as falcons and hawks. The second, zygodactyl (two toes at the front, two at the back), is commonly found in climbing birds such as woodpeckers and parrots. The evaluation methods for these models included a qualitative variable-object grasp assessment. The results highlighted design features that suggest an improved grasp: a small and central palm, curved distal digit components, and a symmetrical digit arrangement. A quantitative grip force test demonstrated that the single digit, the anisodactyl claw, and the zygodactyl claw designs support loads up to 64.3 N, 86.1 N, and 74.1 N, respectively. These loads exceed the minimum mechanical load capabilities for prosthetic devices. The developed designs offer insights into how biomimicry can be harnessed to optimize the grasping functionality of upper-limb prostheses.
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Saleem, Rashid, Ali Bajwa, Shane Campbell, Mary T. Fletcher, Sundaravelpandian Kalaipandian, and Steve W. Adkins. "Competitive Pasture Species to Suppress the Growth of Annual Riceflower (Pimelea trichostachya Lindl.) at Different Planting Densities and Spatial Arrangements." Plants 14, no. 1 (2024): 82. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14010082.
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This study assessed the effectiveness of four competitive pasture species—Premier digit grass (Digitaria eriantha Steud. var. Premier), Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana Kunth.), sabi grass (Urochloa mosambicensis Hack.), and buffel grass (Pennisetum ciliare L.) against the toxic annual riceflower (Pimelea trichostachya Lindl.) at varying planting densities and ratios. At six plants pot−1, with a 66:33 grass-to-weed ratio, riceflower biomass decreased by 73.7%, 82.5%, 73.7%, and 60.6% when grown alongside Premier digit, Rhodes, sabi, and buffel grasses, respectively. Similarly, with four plants pot−1 at a 75:25 ratio, reductions were 69.1%, 79.8%, 71.0%, and 44.5%, respectively. Annual riceflower experienced the greatest suppression when grown with Rhodes grass, showing aggressivity index (AI) values of −60.2 and −67.2 and relative crowding coefficient (RCC) values of 0.4 for both six and four plants pot−1. Premier digit grass also suppressed riceflower effectively, with riceflower AI values of −35.6 and −36.7 and RCC values of 0.5 and 0.6. Buffel grass had the least impact, with riceflower AI values of −41.1 and −27.9 and RCC values of 0.9 and 2.0. Sabi grass also demonstrated good suppressive effects, though slightly less than the top two species. Higher planting densities generally resulted in stronger riceflower suppression. The results highlight the importance of considering planting density, arrangement, and key plant traits when selecting pasture species for successful weed control. Based on these findings, we conclude that Premier digit grass and Rhodes grass show promising potential for effective suppression of annual riceflower growth.
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S J, Vivekanandan, and Dr Sivasubramanian S. "Handwritten Digit and Text Recognition Based On Convolutional Neural Network Approach." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 07 (2021): 1518–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/07330.
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The goal of this undertaking is to foster a powerful penmanship acknowledgment methods utilizing ideas of Machine learning and PC vision. An expansion of MNIST digits dataset called the Emnist dataset has been utilized. It contains 62 classes with 0-9 digits and A-Z characters in both capitalized and lowercase. To recognize transcribed content and convert it into computerized structure utilizing Convolutional Neural Network and Support Vector Machine, shortened as CNN and SVM, for text arrangement and identification, has been made. Before that we pre-prepared the dataset and applied different channels over it. Our framework will perceive the content precisely utilizing tensorflow libraries.
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Necas, Petr. "Nečas, P. (2020) Chameleodactyly: New term to describe the unique arrangement of digits in chameleons (Reptilia: Chamaeleonidae). – Archaius 1 (1): 4 – 5." Archaius 1, no. 1 (2020): 4–5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3751185.
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Wong, Jason, William Bennett, Mark W. J. Ferguson, and Duncan A. McGrouther. "Microscopic and histological examination of the mouse hindpaw digit and flexor tendon arrangement with 3D reconstruction." Journal of Anatomy 209, no. 4 (2006): 533–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00625.x.
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Tyagi, Nitin, Sandeep Gupta, Arun Pratap Srivastava, Shashank Awasthi, and . "Analysis and Review of Extraordinary Machine Learning Approaches." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.39 (2018): 915–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.39.27728.
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Machine learning is utilized in the medicinal imaging field, including PC supported finding, picture division, picture enrollment, picture combination, picture guided treatment, picture explanation, furthermore, picture database recovery. Deep learning techniques are arrangements of calculations in machine learning, which endeavor to consequently take in numerous levels of portrayal and deliberation that assistance, comprehend information. This thusly prompts the need of comprehension and looking at the attributes of profound learning approaches, with the end goal to have the capacity to prosecute and process the strategies in legitimate manner. The aim of this article is to assess deep learning (DL) strategies for therapeutic area also to comprehend if DL techniques (random recursive support vector machines (R2SVM), stacked sparse auto-encoders (SSAE), stacked denoising auto-encoders (SDAE), K-means deep learning calculation) beat other best in class approaches (K-closest neighbor, support vector machines, greatly randomized trees) on two arrangement undertakings, where different strategies are assessed for a transcribed digit (MNIST). Results demonstrate that the SSAE, SDAE what's more, the SVM accomplish the most noteworthy exactness among all assessed methodologies on both datasets.Â
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Boal-Palheiros, Graça, Pedro Figueira, and São Luís Castro. "Habilidades musicales y cognitivas en niños/as de entornos desfavorecidos." Revista Electrónica de LEEME, no. 49 (June 4, 2022): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/leeme.49.24089.
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Human beings are born with several abilities which are amenable to change. A growing number of studies have focused on the relations between musical and cognitive abilities but research with children from disadvantaged communities is scarce. This study explored the relations between musical and cognitive abilities in disadvantaged children. Participants were 169 children from deprived neighborhoods, attending the second year of primary education in public schools that do not offer music education. Children’s musical abilities (perception) were measured with the Melody, Rhythm, and Memory tests of Montreal Battery for the Evaluation of Musical Abilities and their cognitive abilities, with five WISC-III subtests (Similarities, Vocabulary, Cubes, Picture Arrangement, and Digits). Parental level of education was obtained from a questionnaire on the socio-economic status of children’s families. Results revealed (1) few and weak correlations between musical and cognitive abilities; (2) stronger correlations of Socioeconomic Status (SES) with cognitive than with musical abilities; (3) digit span predicts all musical abilities; 4) a clear factorial distinction between musical and cognitive abilities. Overall, results suggest that disadvantaged children’s musical and cognitive abilities, as measured by the present instruments, are partly independent regarding processing components.
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de Beaurepaire, C., R. de Beaurepaire, M. Cleau, and Ρ. Borenstein. "Bromocriptine improves digit symbol substitution test scores in neuroleptic-treated chronic schizophrenic patients." European Psychiatry 8, no. 2 (1993): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924933800001383.
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SummaryThe cognitive effects of bromocriptine (10 mg/day) in chronic neuroleptic-treated schizophrenic patients were studied in a 4-month trial. Ten neuropsychological variables were used for the evaluations. Nine patients and seven controls completed the study. They were tested three times: before the beginning of the study, and after 2 and 4 months of treatment. The results showed that treated patients globally performed significantly better than the controls (P < 0.05), and that the digit symbol substitution test was significantly improved (P < 0.03). The WAIS performance score was also significantly improved (P < 0.02). The picture arrangement test was improved, but did not reach significance (P < 0.07). Verbal tests were not improved. It therefore appears that addition of a D2 dopamine agonist in neuroleptic-treated patients can improve some of their cognitive functions. Two explanations can be proposed: i) bromocriptine decreases neuroleptic-induced motor side effects or ii) has an effect on a putative hypodopaminergic function in schizophrenia.
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Brooks, John O., Jerome A. Yesavage, Joy Taylor, et al. "Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease: Elaborating on the Nature of the Longitudinal Factor Structure of the Mini-Mental State Examination." International Psychogeriatrics 5, no. 2 (1993): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610293001474.
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The purpose of this paper was to use the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) to further define the nature of the underlying factors of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) as proposed by Tinklenberg et al. (1990). The MMSE was administered to 51 patients once every 6 months for at least one year; the WAIS was administered only at the beginning of the study. Stepwise regression analyses yielded these results: for the Following Commands factor, the best correlate was the Comprehension subtest; for the Language Repetition factor, the best correlate was the Picture Arrangement subtest; and for the Language Expression factor, the best correlates were the Digit Symbol and Object Assembly subtests. These relations help clarify the correlates of decline of AD patients on the MMSE.
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Paul, Shipra, and Srijit Das. "Anomalous extensor tendons of hand: a case report with clinical importance." Colombia Medica 38, no. 2 (2007): 140–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/cm.v38i2.497.
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The extensor digitorum muscle of the hand originates from the common extensor origin i.e., from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and ends in four tendons, one for each digit except for the thumb. This paper reports a case, in which the tendon of the extensor digitorum ended as four tendons to the index, middle, ring and little fingers, but displayed variations in the number of tendons to each finger. Two tendons of extensor digitorum were observed in the ring and the little finger. Such an arrangement of the tendons of the extensor digitorum may have clinical importance. The presence of multiple tendons may also alter the kinematics around the site of attachment to the phalanx. Knowledge of abnormal and normal anatomy of the extensor tendons, may be helpful while performing graft and tendon transfer operations.
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Khandekar, Akshay, Tejas Thackeray, Rameshwaran Mariappan, et al. "A remarkable new species of gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae: Hemidactylus) from scrublands at the southern tip of India." Vertebrate Zoology 73 (May 11, 2023): 433–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e101871.
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We describe a new species of Hemidactylus based on an integrative taxonomic framework from scrub habitats at the southern tip of India, in Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu. The new species has the most densely packed tubercles among Indian Hemidactylus, almost resembling the most tuberculate Indian Cyrtopodion. Hemidactylus quartziticolussp. nov. is phylogenetically placed within the brookii group of Indian Hemidactylus, where it is sister to the H. gleadowi complex from western-central India. The new species is 14.5–23.7% divergent in ND2 mitochondrial sequence data from other brookii group members, and can be easily diagnosed from regional congeners by its unique dorsal scalation, the number and arrangement of precloacal-femoral pores, the number of dorsal tubercle rows at midbody, number of lamellae under digit I and IV of manus and pes. The new species is currently known only from two isolated, low quartzite hillocks 45 km apart with scrubby, thorn forests and loose, stony soil.
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Khandekar, Akshay, Tejas Thackeray, Rameshwaran Mariappan, et al. "A remarkable new species of gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae: Hemidactylus) from scrublands at the southern tip of India." Vertebrate Zoology 73 (May 11, 2023): 433–50. https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e101871.
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We describe a new species of Hemidactylus based on an integrative taxonomic framework from scrub habitats at the southern tip of India, in Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu. The new species has the most densely packed tubercles among Indian Hemidactylus, almost resembling the most tuberculate Indian Cyrtopodion. Hemidactylus quartziticolus sp. nov. is phylogenetically placed within the brookii group of Indian Hemidactylus, where it is sister to the H. gleadowi complex from western-central India. The new species is 14.5–23.7% divergent in ND2 mitochondrial sequence data from other brookii group members, and can be easily diagnosed from regional congeners by its unique dorsal scalation, the number and arrangement of precloacal-femoral pores, the number of dorsal tubercle rows at midbody, number of lamellae under digit I and IV of manus and pes. The new species is currently known only from two isolated, low quartzite hillocks 45 km apart with scrubby, thorn forests and loose, stony soil.
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Zwanenburg, R. L., P. M. N. Werker, and D. A. McGrouther. "The anatomy and function of Cleland’s ligaments." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 39, no. 5 (2013): 482–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193413511944.
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The cutaneous ligaments of the digits have been recognized by anatomists for several centuries, but the best known description is that of John Cleland. Subsequent varying descriptions of their morphology have resulted in the surgical community having an imprecise view of their structure and dynamic function. We micro-dissected 24 fresh frozen fingers to analyze the individual components of Cleland’s ligamentous system. Arising from the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint, proximal, and sometimes middle phalanx, we found strong ligaments that ran proximally (PIP-P) and distally (PIP-D). On each side of each finger there was a PIP-P ligament present, which passed obliquely from the lateral side of the proximal and sometimes middle phalanx towards its insertion into the skin at the level of the proximal phalanx. The distal (PIP-D) ligaments were found to pass obliquely distally on the radial and ulnar aspects of the digit towards cutaneous insertions around the middle phalanx. A similar arrangement exists more distally with fibres originating from the DIP joint and middle phalanx (the DIP-P pass obliquely proximally, and the DIP-D, distally). Each individual PIP ligament consisted of three different layers originating from fibres overlying the flexor tendon sheath, periosteum or joint capsule, and extensor expansion. Ligaments arising at the DIP joint had two layers equivalent to the anterior two layers of the proximal ligaments. Cleland’s ligaments act as skin anchors maintaining the skin in a fixed relationship to the underlying skeleton during motion and functional tasks. They also prevent the skin from ‘bagging’, protect the neurovascular bundle, and create a gliding path for the lateral slips of the extensor tendon.
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TOMOVÁ, Anna, Lukáš TRGIŇA, and Alena NOVÁK SEDLÁČKOVÁ. "GROUND HANDLING BUSINESS AT NON-EUROPEAN BIGGEST WORLD AIRPORTS AS A PROBLEM OF MARKET STRUCTURES." Business, Management and Education 13, no. 2 (2015): 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bme.2015.301.
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In the paper we analyse the market structures of ground handling at the biggest non-European passenger and cargo airports in accordance with the ACI list of the most important world airports in 2014. Using the IATA IGHC database as of spring 2015, our analysis revealed that out of Europe double digit numbers of providers are rare what contrasts with situation in Europe where ground handling markets were deregulated by the Council Directive 96/67/EC. The analysis also brought that the monopolistic structures of ground handling markets were more specific for the regions of Asia and the Middle East. Airports as ground handling providers were not found within the analysed sample in North America, Latin America, Africa and Australia and Oceania, while this arrangement was to a larger extent present at the analysed Asian airports. Asia and the Middle East biggest airports are identified by us as candidates for further deregulation of ground handling arguing by forecasted demand for air services in the regions, although expected deregulation may be curbed by national regulators.
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Oesterlen, Eva, and Katja Seitz-Stein. "Phonological span in children and adults: Does response format matter?" International Journal of Behavioral Development 43, no. 5 (2019): 393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025419840709.
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In contrast to classical phonological span tasks, which require verbal recall, those used in self-reliant, group-administrable working memory measurement contain a visuospatial response format. As a consequence, these tasks involve recoding, executive, and visual search requirements in addition to encoding and storage processes. To examine age-dependent effects of these special requirements, tablet-based word and digit span tasks with a visuospatial response format were compared to corresponding tasks with a verbal response format in first and second graders, third and fourth graders, and adults ( N = 105). Whereas children’s performance was impaired by the visuospatial response format, adults’ performance was not. Whether the arrangement of stimuli in the visuospatial response format—either variable or fixed—has differential effects on performance in children and adults ( N = 434) was examined in a second experiment. No substantial differences between variable and fixed response format were found in any of the age groups. Possible underlying mechanisms for age-dependent effects of response format and the role of executive functions and visual search in automatized phonological span tasks are discussed.
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Vysotskaya, Elena, and Anastasia Lobanova. "“Interstellar Wanderers:” Digital Support for Teaching Place Value Within the Activity Approach Framework." Psychology in Russia: State of the Art 16, no. 4 (2023): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/pir.2023.0402.
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Background. The majority of mistakes students make while using “well-learned” decimal counting, can be attributed to their miscomprehension of the structure and arrangement of the “positional” numeral system. Digital support may merely serve an illustrative and training function, or it may provide the special environment for locating the problem of positional counting as a part of meaningful actions by the students. Following the Activity approach, we aimed to scaffold the students’ own learning actions, in such a way as to reveal the origin of the multi-digit number concept. Thus, we used counting in other-base systems as a way for students to reconsider the reasoning behind familiar operations in the most common base-ten system. Objective. The purpose of this paper is to present the approach to computer support which we have designed, based on our analysis of the activity content related to the multi-digit number concept, and to discuss some preliminary results of the first training series. Design. The approach to educational environment design developed within the Learning Activity theory defines the ways in which a computer becomes essential. The computer should provide a transparent interface which allows students to perform transformations with objects which will react accordingly. The additional opportunities to perform concept-mediated orientation procedures should also be scaffolded by digital means. For the purposes of our study, the computer-based educational module “Interstellar wanderers” was designed. Four groups of students from 2nd to 5th grade (8-12 years of age, 20 children in total) participated in the experimental computer-based lessons (over 30 hours); classroom observations, videotaped discussions, and logs of students’ individual work in the computer simulation were used for analysis. Results. The preliminary results of the experimental teaching showed that the computer support which we developed may scaffold students’ progress toward acquisition of the multi-digit number concept through a reflective re-thinking of the well-learned decimal system. Yet further research is needed to get a quantitative analysis of students’ performance. Conclusion. The general principles of computer support design based on the Activity approach in education (Galperin, Davydov, & Talyzina) demand a thorough analysis of the origin of the concept being studied, as well as the design of appropriate content and means of students’ actions and corresponding contexts and tasks. The digital means which we designed to support students’ learning activity, are in demand and bring promising results.
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V., Saravanan, Sathishkumar M., and Babu M. "ATM Security System by using Hybrid Authentication." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 3 (2018): 1977–79. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd11535.
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In current ATM process there is lot of ATM fraud Malicious money transaction and theft are happens by means of lack of privacy protection in current scheme. We address the problem of shoulder surfing attacks on authentication schemes by proposing Illusion PIN IPIN , a PIN based authentication method that operates on touch screen devices. IPIN uses the technique of hybrid images to blend two keypads with different digit orderings in such a way, that the user who is close to the device is seeing one keypad to enter her PIN, while the attacker who is looking at the device from a bigger distance is seeing only the other keypad. The user's keypad is shuffled in every authentication attempt since the attacker may memorize the spatial arrangement of the pressed digits. To reason about the security of Illusion PIN, we developed an algorithm which is based on human visual perception and estimates the minimum distance from which an observer is unable to interpret the keypad of the user. In addition, we estimated the minimum distance from which a camera is unable to capture the visual information from the keypad of the user. Based on our analysis, it seems practically almost impossible for a surveillance camera to capture the PIN of a Smartphone user when IPIN is in use. In current scheme we also implement the OTP authentication mechanism. This will enhance more security which is attached with virtual Keyboard of ATM machine. So we proposed the concept of ATM protection including shuffling keyboard with OTP authentication. V. Saravanan | M. Sathishkumar | M. Babu "ATM Security System by using Hybrid Authentication" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11535.pdf
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AGARWAL, ISHAN, TEJAS THACKERAY, and AKSHAY KHANDEKAR. "Geckos in the granite: two new geckos (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from rocky, scrub habitats in Rishi Valley, Andhra Pradesh, India." Zootaxa 4838, no. 4 (2020): 451–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4838.4.1.
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Two new species of geckos from the genera Cnemaspis and Hemidactylus are described from a granite outcrop in the Rishi Valley, Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Cnemaspis rishivalleyensis sp. nov. and Hemidactylus rishivalleyensis sp. nov. are presently known only from their type locality and are 8.7 % and 10.9 % divergent from their closest known sister species, respectively. The new species are allied to the mysoriensis and murrayi clades of South Asian Cnemaspis and the brookii group of Indian Hemidactylus, respectively. The two new species can be diagnosed from regional congeners by the number and arrangement of femoral and precloacal pores and poreless scales separating these series, body size, the number of tubercles in paravertebral rows, the number of enlarged tubercles around mid-body, the number of ventral scales across mid-body, the number of lamellae beneath digit IV of pes and manus, and subtle differences in colour pattern. Four endemic geckos now have their type localities within 10 km of each other, Cnemaspis graniticola and Cyrtodactylus rishivalleyensis from Horsley Hills and the two new species from Rishi valley. The two new species are also the third endemic species each of Cnemaspis and Hemidactylus from Andhra Pradesh.
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Almendáriz Cabezas, Ana De Lourdes, Jorge Brito M., Diego Alejandro Batallas Revelo, Jorge Vaca-Guerrero, and Santiago R. Ron. "Una especie nueva de rana del género Chiasmocleis (Microhylidae: Gastrophryninae) de la Cordillera del Cóndor, Ecuador." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 57, no. 10 (2017): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/0031-1049.2017.57.10.
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We describe a new species of frog of the genus Chiasmocleis from the montane forests of southeastern Ecuador, at the western slopes of Cordillera del Cóndor, between 1,224‑1,630 m of elevation. Based on new sequences of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA we present phylogenetic relationships of the new species and its congeners. The phylogeny shows a close relationship to C. antenori, C. carvalhoi, C. magnova and C. tridactyla. The new species is part of a clade of species that were previously assigned to the genus Syncope. This clade has a sister relationship to a clade that contains all remaining species of Chiasmocleis. The new species differs from its congeners by its reddish-brown to dark-brown (sepia) dorsum with minute yellowish-white spots. Chiasmocleis parkeri sp. nov. is similar to Chiasmocleis antenori in lacking digit I of both hands and feet but Chiasmocleis parkeri differs in coloration, arrangement and size of pale spots, and the absence of a pale line in the canthal region. We describe the calls, which are characterized by having non-pulsed notes, and we provide ecological data from the type locality and adjacent areas.
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Lombardero, Matilde, and María del Mar Yllera. "Leonardo da Vinci’s Animal Anatomy: Bear and Horse Drawings Revisited." Animals 9, no. 7 (2019): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9070435.
Full textAbstract:
Leonardo da Vinci was one of the most influencing personalities of his time, the perfect representation of the ideal Renaissance man, an expert painter, engineer and anatomist. Regarding Leonardo’s anatomical drawings, apart from human anatomy, he also depicted some animal species. This comparative study focused only on two species: Bears and horses. He produced some anatomical drawings to illustrate the dissection of “a bear’s foot” (Royal Collection Trust), previously described as “the left leg and foot of a bear”, but considering some anatomical details, we concluded that they depict the bear’s right pelvic limb. This misconception was due to the assumption that the bear’s digit I (1st toe) was the largest one, as in humans. We also analyzed a rough sketch (not previously reported), on the same page, and we concluded that it depicts the left antebrachium (forearm) and manus (hand) of a dog/wolf. Regarding Leonardo’s drawing representing the horse anatomy “The viscera of a horse”, the blood vessel arrangement and other anatomical structures are not consistent with the structure of the horse, but are more in accordance with the anatomy of a dog. In addition, other drawings comparing the anatomy of human leg muscles to that of horse pelvic limbs were also discussed in motion.
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Pillarz, Marc, Axel von Freyberg, and Andreas Fischer. "Gear Shape Parameter Measurement Using a Model-Based Scanning Multi-Distance Measurement Approach." Sensors 20, no. 14 (2020): 3910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20143910.
Full textAbstract:
To reduce wind turbine failures by defective drive trains, deviations in the geometry of large gears (diameter ≳ 1 m) must be extensively determined with single-digit micrometer uncertainties. Fixed measuring volumes limit standard measuring methods like coordinate and gear measuring instruments for large gear measurements. Therefore, a model-based scanning multi-distance measurement approach for gear shape parameters is presented. The measurement approach has a scalable design and consists of a confocal-chromatic sensor, rotary table as a scanning unit and model-based signal processing. A preliminary study on a midsize spur gear demonstrates the general feasibility of the model-based scanning multi-distance measurement approach. As a result, the mean base circle radius as the fundamental gear shape parameter is determined with an uncertainty of <5 μm. The calibration and adjustment of the sensor arrangement were performed with a known calibration gear. Scalability is not experimentally validated in this article. However, simulations verify the scalability of the measurement approach in a first step. For gears with 1 m in diameter and varying tooth flank geometries, the estimated achievable uncertainty of the mean base circle radius is still <5 μm. Therefore, the model-based scanning multi-distance measurement approach is a promising alternative for gear inspection.
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Mangone, C. A., R. E. P. Sica, S. Pereyra, et al. "Cognitive impairment in human chronic Chagas' disease." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 52, no. 2 (1994): 200–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x1994000200008.
Full textAbstract:
We proposed to investigate subclinical cognitive impairment secondary to chronic Chagas' disease (CCD). No similar study was previously done. The neuropsychological performance of 45 chronic Chagasic patients and 26 matched controls (age, education place and years of residency in endemic area) was compared using the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE), Weschler Memory Scale (WMS) and the Weschler Adult Intelligent Scale (WAIS). Non-parametric tests and Chi2 were used to compare group means and multivariate statistics in two way frequency tables for measures of independence and association of categorical variables with the disease. Results: Chagasic patients showed lower MMSE scores (p<004), poor orientation (p<.004), and attention (p<.007). Lower WMS MQ were associated with CCD (Chi2 5.9; p<.01; Fisher test p<.02). Lower WAIS IQ were associated with CCD (Chi2 6.3, p<.01; Fisher test p<.01) being the digit symbol (p<.03), picture completion (p<.03), picture arrangement (p<.01) and object assembly (p<.03) subtests the most affected. The impairment in non-verbal reasoning, speed of information processing, problem solving, learning and sequencing observed in chronic Chagas disease patients resembles the cognitive dysfunction associated with white matter disease.
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Jacobs, Kate E., and Shane Costello. "An Initial Investigation of an Australian Adaptation of the Multidimensional Aptitude Battery — II." Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 30, no. 1 (2013): 84–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/edp.2013.9.
Full textAbstract:
The Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory of cognitive abilities has helped advance understanding regarding the relations between specific cognitive abilities and academic achievement in definite domains. However, questions over the generalisability of this research, as well the moderating effect age has on the strength of cognitive-achievement relations, means that further research is needed. This study therefore investigated the capacity for using the Multidimensional Aptitude Battery — II (MAB-II), a group-administered test of cognitive ability, to further CHC-driven research in Australia. After adapting the MAB-II verbal subtests to be suitable for use with an Australian sample, 179 adults completed the measure. Results were analaysed using both classical test and item response theory. Findings indicated that despite the MAB-II not being developed using CHC theory, the structure of the test appeared to conform to this model. Further, while an adequate number of subtests hypothesised to measure the CHC domains of Comprehension-knowledge (Gc) and Visual processing (Gv) were found to perform well psychometrically, the Arithmetic, Picture Arrangement, and Digit Symbol subtests returned questionable results. Given the advantages a group-administered test of CHC cognitive abilities would provide to CHC-driven research in Australia, suggestions for future modifications and adaptations of the test are provided.
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Ksepka, Daniel T., Thomas A. Stidham, and Thomas E. Williamson. "Early Paleocene landbird supports rapid phylogenetic and morphological diversification of crown birds after the K–Pg mass extinction." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 30 (2017): 8047–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1700188114.
Full textAbstract:
Evidence is accumulating for a rapid diversification of birds following the K–Pg extinction. Recent molecular divergence dating studies suggest that birds radiated explosively during the first few million years of the Paleocene; however, fossils from this interval remain poorly represented, hindering our understanding of morphological and ecological specialization in early neoavian birds. Here we report a small fossil bird from the Nacimiento Formation of New Mexico, constrained to 62.221–62.517 Ma. This partial skeleton represents the oldest arboreal crown group bird known. Phylogenetic analyses recoveredTsidiiyazhi abinigen. et sp. nov. as a member of the Sandcoleidae, an extinct basal clade of stem mousebirds (Coliiformes). The discovery ofTsidiiyazhipushes the minimum divergence ages of as many as nine additional major neoavian lineages into the earliest Paleocene, compressing the duration of the proposed explosive post–K–Pg radiation of modern birds into a very narrow temporal window parallel to that suggested for placental mammals. Simultaneously,Tsidiiyazhiprovides evidence for the rapid morphological (and likely ecological) diversification of crown birds. Features of the foot indicate semizygodactyly (the ability to facultatively reverse the fourth pedal digit), and the arcuate arrangement of the pedal trochleae bears a striking resemblance to the conformation in owls (Strigiformes). Inclusion of fossil taxa and branch length estimates impacts ancestral state reconstructions, revealing support for the independent evolution of semizygodactyly in Coliiformes, Leptosomiformes, and Strigiformes, none of which is closely related to extant clades exhibiting full zygodactyly.
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Higgs, Kenneth T., and Patrick A. Meere. "Tetrapod trackways from the Upper Devonian St. Finan's Sandstone Formation, southwest Kerry, Ireland." Irish Journal of Earth Sciences 42, no. 1 (2024): 97–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ijes.2024.a935022.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: Tetrapod trackways are described for the first time from the Upper Devonian St. Finan's Sandstone Formation at Tooreen in St. Finan's Bay, southwest County Kerry. The St. Finan's Sandstone Formation is a 1,240m thick sandstone-dominated sequence that occurs in the middle part of the continental Old Red Sandstone Munster Basin succession. The trackways comprise 140 imprints that show variable depth and shape. This variability is attributed to changes in the firmness of the substrate and water depth along the length of the trackways. One of the trackways preserves an imprint with possible five-digit impressions and another displays a tapered elongated depression that is tentatively interpreted as a tetrapod body impression. Analysis of three trackways indicates they were made by a population of similar-sized tetrapods (just under 1m in length) that moved by lateral sequence walking. The trackways are preserved in a current-rippled and parallel-laminated sandstone sequence that was deposited on a flood plain bordering a river channel margin. A spore assemblage obtained from a mudstone within the trackway-bearing sequence is assigned to the Rugospora bricei - Cymbosporites acanthaceus BA Biozone, which biostratigraphically dates the trackway as Upper Devonian (mid Frasnian) in age. The Tooreen tetrapod trackways are very similar in size, spatial arrangement and palaeoenvironment to those recorded from the older Middle Devonian (Givetian) Valentia Slate Formation that occur nearby on Valentia Island. This new evidence extends the geographic and geological range of these ichnological datasets and provides a better understanding of the early stages of colonisation of continental (terrestrial) environments by Devonian tetrapods.
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Ahmad, Saood, Thomas John, P. S. Negi, et al. "Supplementary comparison on digital multimeter." Metrologia 60, no. 1A (2023): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/60/1a/01006.
Full textAbstract:
Main text A measurement comparison of DC voltage, DC current, DC resistance, AC voltage and AC current has been carried out among seventeen national metrology laboratories with the travelling standards 6½ digit multimeter (Fluke model 8846A) as Loop A, Loop B and Loop C for the nominal values of the measured parameters DC voltage (100 mV, 1 V, 10 V, -10 V, 100 V and 1000 V), DC current (10 mA and 1 A), DC resistance (100 Ω, 1 kΩ and 10 kΩ (using 4-wire), AC voltage (100 mV, 1 V, 10 V, 100 V and 700 V at 40 Hz and 1 kHz) and AC current (10 mA and 1 A at 40 Hz and 1 kHz) for establishing the degrees of equivalence among the participating NMIs. This is the final report on the comparison. The report presents the combined results (Loop A, Loop B and Loop C), represented by corrections in measured parameters and the corresponding expanded uncertainties. The combined results from the three loops have been used to calculate the Supplementary Comparison Reference Values, degrees of equivalence di and corresponding uncertainties u(di) of each laboratory that participated in the comparison. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
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Palmer, David A. "An Analysis of Perfusion Technology Preadmission Factors Effects on Academic Success, Perfusion Certification Achievement, and Career Placement." Journal of ExtraCorporeal Technology 39, no. 4 (2007): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ject/200739243.
Full textAbstract:
This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the contribution of grade point average (GPA) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) practical scores toward predicting perfusion academic success, career placement as a clinical perfusionist, and certification success or failure. The files of 95 students enrolled in the perfusion technology program at Carlow University-University of Pittsburgh Medical Center School of Cardiovascular Perfusion (CARLOW-UPMC) from 1995 through 2005 were reviewed to obtain admission and academic data. The independent variables used were WAIS-R practical results of the picture completion (PC), picture arrangement (PA), block design (BD), object assembly (OA) and digit symbol (DS) tests, undergraduate grade point average (UGPA), science grade point average (SGPA), and anatomy and physiology grade point average (APGPA). The dependent variables used were perfusion grade point average (PGPA), career placement status as a clinical perfusionist (CAREER), and success or failure on the American Board of Cardiovascular Perfusion (ABCP) certification examination. The research plan consisted of logistic and multiple linear regression analyses to determine which of the WAIS-R and GPA independent variables were significantly associated with the dependent variables. UGPA, SGPA, and APGPA all correlate at the 5% level with success achieving high PGPA. WAIS-R measures were not significant indicators of academic success. PGPA, UGPA, SGPA, and APGPA did not significantly correlate with any of the tested WAIS-R scores. PC, BD, and OA scores correlate well with CAREER. OA and DS scores correlate at the p = 0.05 level with ABCP certification success.
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Rivera, F. D. "Delving Deeper: Spicing Up Counting through Geometry." Mathematics Teacher 104, no. 4 (2010): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.104.4.0319.
Full textAbstract:
An analysis of the combinatorics problems in many algebra textbooks for high school students reveals that time-honored classic problems are valued. These problems often involve finding combinations and arrangements of numbers and letters on license plates for fictitious states (with and without repetition); digits in an n-digit number that is either even or odd; or males and females who are either combined to form a committee of a certain size with known restrictions or arranged to sit or stand together according to some specified configuration. Examples of such problems are shown in figure 1.
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Rivera, F. D. "Delving Deeper: Spicing Up Counting through Geometry." Mathematics Teacher 104, no. 4 (2010): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.104.4.0319.
Full textAbstract:
An analysis of the combinatorics problems in many algebra textbooks for high school students reveals that time-honored classic problems are valued. These problems often involve finding combinations and arrangements of numbers and letters on license plates for fictitious states (with and without repetition); digits in an n-digit number that is either even or odd; or males and females who are either combined to form a committee of a certain size with known restrictions or arranged to sit or stand together according to some specified configuration. Examples of such problems are shown in figure 1.
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Yang, Tong, Hualou Wang, Ying Xiong, et al. "Vitamin D Supplementation Improves Cognitive Function Through Reducing Oxidative Stress Regulated by Telomere Length in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A 12-Month Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 78, no. 4 (2020): 1509–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-200926.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Cognitive decline in older adults is a serious public health problem today. Association between vitamin D supplementation and cognition remains controversial. Objective: To determine whether a 12-month vitamin D supplementation improves cognitive function in elderly subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and whether it is mediated through the mechanism in which telomere length (TL) regulate oxidative stress. Methods: This was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Tianjin, China. Participants were all native Chinese speakers aged 65 years and older with MCI. 183 subjects were randomized to an intervention group (vitamin D 800 IU/day, n = 93) or a placebo group (the matching starch granules, n = 90), and followed up for 12 months. Tests of cognitive function and mechanism-related biomarkers were evaluated at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Results: Repeated-measures ANOVA showed substantial improvements in the full scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ), information, digit span, vocabulary, block design, and picture arrangement scores in the vitamin D group over the placebo group (p < 0.001). Leukocyte TL was significantly higher, while serum 8-OXO-dG, OGG1mRNA, and P16INK4amRNA revealed greater decreases in the vitamin D group over the placebo group (p < 0.001). According to mixed-model repeated-measures ANOVA analysis, vitamin D group showed a significant enhancement in the FSIQ score for 12 months compared with the control (estimate value = 5.132, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation for 12 months appears to improve cognitive function through reducing oxidative stress regulated by increased TL in order adults with MCI. Vitamin D may be a promising public health strategy to prevent cognitive decline.
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Volkmann, J., A. Schnitzler, O. W. Witte, and H. J. Freund. "Handedness and Asymmetry of Hand Representation in Human Motor Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 79, no. 4 (1998): 2149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.79.4.2149.
Full textAbstract:
Volkmann, J., A. Schnitzler, O. W. Witte, and H.-J. Freund. Handedness and asymmetry of hand representation in human motor cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 2149–2154, 1998. The cortical representation of five simple hand and finger movements in the human motor cortex was determined in left- and right-handed people with whole-head magnetoencephalography. Different movements were found to be represented by spatially segregated dipolar sources in primary motor cortex. The spatial arrangement of neuronal sources for digit and wrist movements was nonsomatotopic and varied greatly between subjects. As an estimator of hand area size in primary motor cortex, we determined the smallest cuboid volume enclosing the five dipole sources within the left and right hemisphere of each subject. Interhemispheric comparison revealed a significant increase of this volume in primary motor cortex opposite to the preferred hand. This asymmetry was due to a greater spatial segregation of neuronal dipole generators subserving different hand and finger actions in the dominant hemisphere. Mean Euclidean distances between dipole sources for different movements were 10.7 ± 3.5 mm in the dominant and 9.4 ± 3.5 mm in the nondominant hemisphere (mean ± SD; P = 0.01, two-tailed t-test). The expansion of hand representation in primary motor cortex could not simply be attributed to a greater number of pyramidal cells devoted to each particular movement as inferred from current source amplitudes. The degree of hemispheric asymmetry of hand area size in the primary motor cortex was correlated highly with the asymmetry of hand performance in a standardized handedness test ( r = −0.76, P < 0.01). These results demonstrate for the first time a biological correlate of handedness in human motor cortex. The expansion of hand motor cortex in the dominant hemisphere may provide extra space for the cortical encoding of a greater motor skill repertoire of the preferred hand.
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Guthrie, Lisa G., and Frédéric Vallée-Tourangeau. "Interactivity And Mental Arithmetic: Coupling Mind And World Transforms And Enhances Performance." Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 41, no. 1 (2015): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/slgr-2015-0019.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractInteractivity has been linked to better performance in problem solving, due in part to a more efficient allocation of attentional resources, a better distribution of cognitive load, but perhaps more important by enabling the reasoner to shape and reshape the physical problem presentation to promote the development of the problem solution. Interactivity in solving quotidian arithmetic problems involves gestures, pointing, and the recruitment of artefacts to facilitate computation and augment efficiency. In the experiment reported here, different types of interactivity were examined with a series of mental arithmetic problems. Using a repeated-measures design, participants solved series of five 11-digit sums in four conditions that varied in the type of interactivity: (i) no interactivity (participants solved the problems with their hands on the table top), (ii) pointing (participants could point at the numbers), (iii) pen and paper (participants could note interim totals with a pen), and (iv) tokens (the sums were presented as 11 numbered tokens the arrangement of which participants were free to modify as they proceeded to the solution). Performance in the four conditions was measured in terms of accuracy, calculation error, and efficiency (a ratio composed of the proportion correct over the proportion of time invested in working on the sums). These quantitative analyses were supplemented by a detailed qualitative examination of a participant’s actions in the different conditions. The integration of artefacts, such as tokens or a pen, offered reasoners the opportunity to reconfigure the physical presentation of the problem, enacting different arithmetic strategies: the affordance landscape shifts as the problem trajectory is enacted through interactivity, and this generally produced better “mental” arithmetic performance. Participants also felt more positive about and better engaged with the task when they could reconfigure the problem presentation through interactivity. These findings underscore the importance of engineering task environments in the laboratory that offer a window on how problem solving unfolds through a coalition of mental and physical resources.
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Hasan, Karim Rezwan, Shamim Ara, and Mahamuda Begum. "Sexual Dimorphism of Index (2D) and Ring (4D) Digit Lengths and Their Ratio (2D:4D) Among Adult Bangladeshi Male." Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy 13, no. 2 (2015): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v13i2.72693.
Full textAbstract:
Context: Human hand is one of the most studied subjects in modern science and evolutionary biology. By virtue of evolution and genetically arrangements, digital lengths vary from person to person according to age, sex, races, occupation or even environmental influences. It has been found that the digital lengths and their ratios are not the same in different sexes or even both hands. Specially, index to ring digit lengths and their ratios which already have been proved to represent sexual dimorphism may differ in both hands of an individual. Many studies among different races have shown that index to ring digit ratio (2D:4D) 31 among female and <1.00 among male. In this study, this variation of the index finger (2D) and ring finger (4D) length and their ratio (2D:4D) has been analyzed and compared in both hands among the adult male Bangladeshis.
 Materials & Methods: A Cross sectional analytical study was conducted in the department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from July 2012 to June 2013. The study was performed on 100 male MBBS students (20-25 years of age) of Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. With the help of digital vernier caliper measurements of digital lengths were recorded. Paired t- test was done for statistical analysis of the results.
 Results: Significant difference has been found in the lengths of index finger (2D) and ring (4D) digits and their ratios (2D:4D) between both hands where left index finger (L2D) length was higher than right index finger (R2D) length (P<0.05) and the length of right ring finger (R4D) was significantly greater (P<0.001) than left ring finger (L4D). The right index to ring digit ratio (R2D:4D) was significantly less than left index to ring digit ratio (L2D:4D) in male (P<0.001) that indicated sexual dimorphism in 2D:4D ratio is more prominent in the right hand in male. Also, right index to ring digit ratio (R2D:4D) was recorded <1.00 in 86% and 31 in 14% subjects and left index to ring digit ratio (L2D:4D) was recorded <1.00 in 76% and 31 in 24% of subjects.
 Conclusion: Digital lengths especially index (2D) and ring (4D) digit lengths are often use to determine sexual dimorphism. Also, study over the variations of digital lengths have great medicolegal importance to determine age, sex and race of an individual.
 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy July 2015, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 57-61
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R Mochamad, A. "Constant 12 and reflexivity 472319 hahslm on the geography of the earth in the economic era of covid." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 936, no. 1 (2021): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/936/1/012018.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The purpose of this research is to analyze the geographical shape of the earth’s face with the 472319 Hahslm patterns in geomorphology. Earth undergoes the process of forming water and soil so that it becomes a continent and an archipelago. The composition of the sea and land is 7:3. The object of this study is the shape of the sea and land on earth and the Quran 13.31. This research was conducted by studying literature from books, journals, electronic media, and earth globes, and world atlases. The methodology used is descriptive-analytical. The method used is reflexivity, similarity, and dynivity with the formula 472319 Hahslm. The result obtained is the process of changing the shape of the earth’s surface towards a pattern of worship by the meaning of the holy book in the form of cutting the earth according to the meaning of the Quran. The Quran formula 13.31 forms an arrangement of 444 in the form of letter number 13, namely 1+3=4, and from 31, namely 3+1=4. The third pattern 4 is obtained from the number of letters hijaiyaj in the word for cutting the earth as many as 13 letters meaning 1 + 3 = 4. The geomorphological reflectivity of the earth resembles the pattern of 444. With the composition of the oceans and lands of 7:3 which has a difference of four from 7-3=4. In the formula, 472319 Hahslm derived from the Quran 15.87 means the Quran in the form of 6438 verses. The second meaning of 4 is obtained from the multiplication of 7 and 2, namely 7x2=14 by taking the first four words of the fourteenth phrase. And the third meaning of 4 from addition is 3+1+9=13 where the root of digit 13 is 1+3=4. The second geography of the earth is at number 4 from the geomorphology of the continents of Asia, Africa, Europe, and Australia which forms a hand pattern of 319. With the tips of small fingers located in parts of countries that have islands located in the eastern to southeastern Asian continents such as parts of Russia, Japan, Korea, China, and the Philippines. Meanwhile, the Southeast Asian region forms the index finger or pattern 1 which has a similarity to the shape of the Indonesian archipelago with the tip being large in Australia and New Zealand. Big finger thumb or pattern 9 has similarities with mainland India, Pakistan, Bangladesh in South Asia. While the Americas have similarities with pattern 7 or V for South America and pattern 2 for North America. Waters and islands are needed in a pandemic that has an economic effect. The conclusion is that the geography of the earth forms 472319 show the earth is worshiping even during the Covid economic era.
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Norman, David B. "Scelidosaurus harrisonii from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: postcranial skeleton." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189, no. 1 (2019): 47–157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz078.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Scelidosaurus fossils were first discovered during the commercial quarrying of the Liassic sea-cliffs between Charmouth and Lyme Regis in Dorset during the late 1850s. The original specimens included a well-preserved skull embedded in a block of argillaceous limestone (marlstone). Shortly after this skull was retrieved, a series of more-or-less contiguous marlstone slabs were recovered, containing most of the skeleton of the same animal (NHMUK R1111). After rudimentary (hammer and chisel) mechanical preparation, Owen published descriptions of this material (Owen, 1861, 1863). These two monographs have been the sole references pertaining to the anatomy of Scelidosaurus for &gt;150 years. The skeleton of the lectotype of Scelidosaurus harrisonii (NHMUK R1111) has since been extracted from the surrounding matrix using an acid-immersion technique. Some additional specimens held in the collections of the Natural History Museum London, the Bristol City Museum and the Sedgwick Museum in Cambridge provide anatomical material that allows detailed description of this taxon, for which we have had, until now, a surprisingly poor understanding. Axial skeleton: The axial skeleton of Scelidosaurus comprises eight cervical, 16 dorsal, four sacral and &gt; 40 caudal vertebrae. During ontogeny, the posterior centrum articular surface of the 16th dorsal vertebra develops a firm, ligament-bonded junction with the succeeding sacral centrum. Apart from the atlas rib, which is single headed, double-headed ribs are present throughout the presacral vertebral series, and none shows any indication of fusion to its associated vertebra. However, those ribs attached to cervical vertebrae 2–4 were evidently bound firmly by connective tissue to rugose diapophyses. The last two (presacral) dorsal ribs show merger of the capitulum and tuberculum, meaning that they are separated by only a step. The angulation and arching of the dorsal ribs suggest that these animals had a broad (barrel-like) torso. Intercostal uncinate plates were present, attached to the posterior margins of some of the largest dorsal ribs. Their attachment sites are clearly marked, and these plates might have been composed of calcified cartilage in larger individuals. The sacral vertebrae fuse progressively during ontogeny, in an anterior-to-posterior sequence. The sacral ribs are long and robust, and tilt the iliac blade outward dorsally. A sacricostal ‘yoke’ (created by the fusion of the distal ends of adjacent sacral ribs) never forms. The base of the tail has a unique ball-and-socket-style joint between the centra of caudal vertebrae 1 and 2 in only one skeleton. This might have permitted powerful, but controlled, movements of the tail as a defensive weapon (or increased flexibility at the base of the tail, which might have been necessary for reproduction). Caudal ribs are initially long, blade-shaped projections that gradually decrease in size and become stub-like remnants that persist as far back as the midtail (approximately caudal vertebra 25). Haemal arches (chevrons) disappear nearer to the distal end of the tail (approximately caudal vertebra 35). Ossified tendons are preserved as epaxial bundles that are clustered in the ‘axillary’ trough (between the neural spine and transverse processes on either side of the midline). Ossified tendons are restricted to the dorsal and sacral region. Flattened ossified tendons are fused to the sides of sacral neural spines. In life, the ossified tendons might have formed a low-angled trellis-like arrangement. Appendicular skeleton: The pectoral girdle comprises a long scapula, with a distally expanded blade. The proximal portion is expanded and supports an oblique promontory, forming an acromial process anteriorly and a thick, collar-like structure posteriorly above the glenoid. Between these two features is a shallow basin, bordered ventrally by a sutural edge for the coracoid. The scapula–coracoid suture remains unfused in large (5-m-long) individuals. The coracoid bears a discrete foramen and forms a subcircular dished plate, with the shallowest of embayments along its posterior edge. Clavicles are present as small fusiform bones attached to the acromial process of the scapulae and leading edge of each coracoid. A sternum was reported as ‘some partially ossified element of the endoskeleton’ Owen (1863: 13), but subsequent preparation of the skeleton has removed all trace of this material. The humerus is relatively long and has a prominent rectangular and proximally positioned deltopectoral crest. The ulna is robust and tapers distally, but there is no evidence of an olecranon process. The radius is more rod-like and terminates distally in an enlarged, subcircular and convex articular surface for the carpus. The carpus is represented by an array of five discoid carpals. The manus is pentadactyl and asymmetrical, with short, divergent metacarpals and digits that terminate in small, arched and pointed unguals on digits 1–3 (only). The phalangeal formula of the manus is 2-3-4-3-2. The pelvis is dominated by a long ilium; the preacetabular process is arched, transversely broad, and curves laterally. In juveniles, this process is short and horizontal, but during ontogeny it increases considerably in length and becomes arched. The iliac blade is tilted laterally, meaning that its dorsal blade partly overhangs the femur. The acetabulum forms a partial cupola, and there is a curtain-like medial wall that reduces the acetabular fenestra to a comparatively low, triangular opening between the pubis and ischium. The postacetabular portion of the ilium is long and supports a brevis shelf. The ischium has a long, laterally compressed shaft that hangs almost vertically beneath the ilium, and there is no obturator process. The pubis has a long, narrow shaft and a relatively short, deep, laterally compressed prepubic process that twists laterally (its distal end lies almost perpendicular to the long axis of the ilium). The articular pad on the pubis for the femoral head faces posteriorly. The obturator foramen is not fully enclosed within the pubis, but its foramen is closed off posteriorly by the pubic peduncle of the ischium. The femur is stout and has a slightly medially offset femoral head, and the greater trochanter forms a sloping shoulder continuous with, and lateral to, the femoral head. The anterior (lesser) trochanter is prominent and forms a thick, thumb-shaped projection on the anterolateral corner of the femoral shaft. The fourth trochanter is pendent and positioned at midshaft. In larger individuals, it appears to become thickened and reinforced by becoming coated with metaplastic bone derived from the tendons attached to its surface. The distal end of the femoral shaft is slightly curved and expands to form condyles. There is a deep and broad posterior intercondylar groove, but the anterior intercondylar groove is barely discernible in juveniles and not much better developed in subadults. The tibia and fibula are shorter than the femur. The tibia is structurally dominant, and the shorter fibula is comparatively slender and bowed. The proximal tarsals are firmly bound by connective tissue to the distal ends of the tibia and fibula. The distal end of the tibia is stepped, which aids the firm interlock between the crus and proximal tarsals. There appear to be two roughly discoid tarsals (distal tarsals 3 and 4), and a rudiment of distal tarsal 5 appears to be sutured to the lateral margin of distal tarsal 4. Five metatarsals are preserved, but the fifth is a splint of bone attached to the proximal end of metatarsal 4. Metatarsals 2–4 are dominant, long and are syndesmotically interlocked proximally, but their shafts splay apart distally. Metatarsal 1 is much shorter than the other three, but it retains two functional phalanges (including a short, pointed ungual). The foot is anatomically tetradactyl but functionally tridactyl. The pedal digit formula is 2-3-4-5-0. The digits diverge, but each appears to curve medially along its length, creating the impression of asymmetry. This asymmetry is emphasized, because the three principal unguals are also twisted medially. The ungual of digit 2 is the largest and most robust of the three, whereas that of digit 4 is the smallest and least robust. The general girth of the torso and the displacement of the abdomen posteriorly (a consequence of the opisthopubic pelvic construction in this dinosaur) constrained the excursion of the hindlimb during the protraction phase of the locomotor cycle. The anterolateral displacement of the hindlimb during protraction is in accord with the freedom of motion that is evident at the acetabulum, the susceptibility of the hindlimb to torsion between and within its component parts, and the asymmetry of the foot. It is probable that thyreophorans (notably, ankylosaurs) used a similar oblique-parasagittal hindlimb excursion to accommodate their equally large and wide abdomens. This surmise accords with the structure of the pelves and hindlimbs of ankylosaurs. Derived stegosaurs might have obviated this ‘problem’, in part, because their hindlimbs were longer and their torsos and abdomens narrower and capable of being ‘stretched’ vertically to a greater extent. Nevertheless, the structure of their acetabula and hindlimbs indicates that the oblique-parasagittal style of hindlimb excursion remained a possibility and might be an evolutionary remnant of the locomotor style of basal, shorter-limbed stegosaurs. A reconstruction of the endoskeleton of Scelidosaurus is presented on the basis of this updated description. Although quadrupedal, this animal was only facultatively so, judged by its forelimb-to-hindlimb proportions and structure; it therefore betrays bipedality in its ancestry.
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Rakickienė, L., and S. Girdzijauskienė. "HIPERKINEZINIŲ SUTRIKIMŲ TURINČIŲ VAIKŲ INTELEKTO STRUKTŪRA." Psichologija 44 (January 1, 2011): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/psichol.2011.44.2548.
Full textAbstract:
Straipsnyje aprašomas tyrimas, kuriuo siekta įvertinti Lietuvos pradinio mokyklinio amžiaus vaikų, turinčių hiperkinezinių sutrikimų, intelekto struktūros ypatumus. Tyrime dalyvavo 29 septynerių–dešimties metų vaikai, kuriems diagnozuotas hiperkinezinis sutrikimas. Tyrimo dalyviai atliko lietuviškąją Wechslerio intelekto testo vaikams – trečio leidimo versiją (WISC-III). Patvirtinančioji bei tiriančioji faktorių analizė parodė, kad hiperkinezinių sutrikimų turinčių vaikų intelekto struktūra, nustatyta WISC-III testu, nesiskiria nuo reprezentacinėje vaikų imtyje nustatytos intelekto struktūros. Klinikinės vaikų imties rezultatų vidurkių profilis buvo palygintas su WISC-III Lietuvos standartizacinės imties rezultatais. Nustatyta, kad hiperkinezinių sutrikimų turinčių vaikų WISC-III atlikimui būdinga žemas Atsparumo trukdžiams balas bei AKIS profilis (žemi Aritmetikos, Kodavimo, Informacijos ir Skaičių eilės subtestų balai), atspindintys dėmesio koncentracijos, atminties, nuoseklaus girdimosios informacijos apdorojimo ir žinių kaupimo sunkumus. Santykinai geri Panašumų, Paveikslėlių išdėstymo, Kubelių kompozicijos rezultatai leidžia teigti, kad operavimas sąvokomis, analizės ir sintezės gebėjimai, takusis intelektas yra hiperkinezinių sutrikimų turinčių vaikų galios. Kadangi didelei daliai klinikinės imties vaikų be hiperkinezinio sutrikimo buvo diagnozuotas gretutinis specifinis mokymosi gebėjimų raidos sutrikimas, palyginome vaikų, turinčių vien hiperkinezinį sutrikimą, ir vaikų, turinčių abi minėtas diagnozes, gebėjimų profilius. Pasirodė, kad nors hiperkinezinį sutrikimą bei gretutinį specifinį mokymosi gebėjimų raidos sutrikimą turinčių vaikų intelektiniai gebėjimai menkesni, gretutinis mokymosi gebėjimų raidos sutrikimas beveik neturi įtakos hiperkinezinių sutrikimų turinčių vaikų intelektinių gebėjimų profiliui.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: hiperkineziniai sutrikimai, intelekto struktūra, WISC-III, gretutinis mokymosi gebėjimų raidos sutrikimas. Intelligence Structure in Children with Hyperkinetic DisordersRakickienė L., Girdzijauskienė S. SummaryThe Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Third edition (WISC-III) has been widely used to assess the intellectual abilities of children with hyperkinetic disorders by both researchers and practitioners. The characteristic features of the WISC-III profile of this clinical group have been described by several authors (Anastopoulos et al., 1994; Assessmany et al., 2001; Snow and Sapp, 2000; Mayes and Calhoun, 2006; Ek et al., 2007). However, the issue of the WISC-III construct validity in this particular clinical group was scarcely addressed. It remains possible that in hyperkinetic children with poor attention this long and attention-demanding test measures other constructs than in general population. The objective of this study was to examine the structure of intelligence in primary school children diagnosed with hyperkinetic disorders. 29 children (23 boys and 6 girls) aged seven to ten years, participated in the study. All the children were diagnosed with a hyperkinetic disorder, and ten of them had a comorbid diagnosis of specific learning disabilities. The participants of the study completed the Lithuanian version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Third edition (WISC-III) (2002). The Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the construct validity of WISC-III when used in hyperkinetic children: one factor model (general intelligence) fits the data satisfactorily, while two factor (Verbal IQ, Performance IQ) and four factor (Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Organisation, Freedom from Distractibility, Processing Speed) models fit the data very well. However, the exploratory factor analysis revealed a different factor structure without the Processing Speed factor, more similar to WISC-R. It also showed that Object Arrangement is a problematic subtest when used with hyperkinetic children as it does not fit with any of the three factors. We suggest that its performance could be determined by emotional variables rather than by cognitive ones. The WISC-III profile of hyperkinetic children as a group was characterized by the low Freedom from Distractibility score and ACID profile (low Arithmetic, Coding, Information and Digit span scores). The mean scores of these subtests and factors were significantly lower than the standardization sample mean, which is 10 for subtest scores and 100 for factor scores: M = 8.4, t = –3.215, p < 0.01 for Information; M = 8.5, t = –5.998, p < 0.01 for Coding; M = 8.4, t = –3.194, p < 0.01 for Arithmetic; M = 6.9, t = –5.998, p < 0.01 for Digit Span; M = 86.17, t = –5.393, p < 0.01 for Freedom from Distractibility. These peculiarities of hyperkinetic children’s WISC-III performance are explained by difficulties in attention, short-term memory, sequential auditory processing and factual knowledge. Satisfactory results of Similarities, Picture Completion and Block Design suggest relative strengths of using concepts, ability to analyse and synthesize information, and fluid intelligence. It has been proposed that comorbid specific learning disabilities may affect the cognitive performance of hyperkinetic children. For this reason, the effect of a comorbid learning disability was also assessed. The results showed that, although the intellectual abilities of hyperkinetic children with a comorbid learning disability are lower, the comorbid learning disability does not change the hyperkinetic children’s intelligence profile.Keywords: hyperkinetic disorders, intelligence structure, WISC-III, specific learning disabilities.
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Mehta, Vandana, Jyoti Arora, Rajesh Kumar Suri, and Gayatri Rath. "An Assembly of Anomalous Extensor Tendons of the Hand – Anatomical Description and Clinical Relevance." Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 52, no. 1 (2009): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2016.104.
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Innumerable descriptions about variations in the pattern of extensor tendons are recorded in the literature. The dorsum of the hand in an adult male cadaver revealed an unusual pattern of extensor arrangement during a gross anatomical practical session. The extensor digitorum, extensor indicis and extensor digiti minimi tendons displayed a variant pattern. Extensor digitorum contributed tendons only to the middle and ring fingers, with junctura tendinum present between the extensor digitorum for the ring finger and extensor digiti minimi. Interestingly, an accessory muscle was observed arising from the common extensor origin passing to the index finger, in addition to the usual extensor indicis. The origin and insertion of extensor digiti minimi was as usual with an accessory slip contributed from the extensor carpi ulnaris to the proximal phalanx of the fifth finger. The plethora of variations in this region is of paramount importance for the reconstructive surgeon, who may utilize the accessory tendons to restore functional capacity of the fingers.
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Whiting, Rebecca, and Gillian Symon. "Digi-Housekeeping: The Invisible Work of Flexibility." Work, Employment and Society 34, no. 6 (2020): 1079–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017020916192.
Full textAbstract:
From an analysis of everyday practices of flexible working captured in video diaries, a form of pervasive but invisible support work is identified and presented. Labelled ‘digi-housekeeping’, this is work that is required to maintain the digital tools that enable flexible working, and incorporates the tasks of clearing, sorting, preparing, provisioning and troubleshooting. Through the sociocultural processes of responsibilization, personalization and work extension, interpreted here as emblematic of wider neoliberal contemporary work arrangements, digi-housekeeping is devalued and made invisible, characterizing these tasks as not ‘real’ work. Classifying these tasks as not ‘real’ work is a new kind of boundary work that supports the continuing displacement of work activities onto individual workers. It is argued that such tasks need to be made visible in order to address feelings of work intensification.
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Amit, Yali, and Donald Geman. "Shape Quantization and Recognition with Randomized Trees." Neural Computation 9, no. 7 (1997): 1545–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.1997.9.7.1545.
Full textAbstract:
We explore a new approach to shape recognition based on a virtually infinite family of binary features (queries) of the image data, designed to accommodate prior information about shape invariance and regularity. Each query corresponds to a spatial arrangement of several local topographic codes (or tags), which are in themselves too primitive and common to be informative about shape. All the discriminating power derives from relative angles and distances among the tags. The important attributes of the queries are a natural partial ordering corresponding to increasing structure and complexity; semi-invariance, meaning that most shapes of a given class will answer the same way to two queries that are successive in the ordering; and stability, since the queries are not based on distinguished points and substructures. No classifier based on the full feature set can be evaluated, and it is impossible to determine a priori which arrangements are informative. Our approach is to select informative features and build tree classifiers at the same time by inductive learning. In effect, each tree provides an approximation to the full posterior where the features chosen depend on the branch that is traversed. Due to the number and nature of the queries, standard decision tree construction based on a fixed-length feature vector is not feasible. Instead we entertain only a small random sample of queries at each node, constrain their complexity to increase with tree depth, and grow multiple trees. The terminal nodes are labeled by estimates of the corresponding posterior distribution over shape classes. An image is classified by sending it down every tree and aggregating the resulting distributions. The method is applied to classifying handwritten digits and synthetic linear and nonlinear deformations of three hundred [Formula: see text] symbols. State-of-the-art error rates are achieved on the National Institute of Standards and Technology database of digits. The principal goal of the experiments on [Formula: see text] symbols is to analyze invariance, generalization error and related issues, and a comparison with artificial neural networks methods is presented in this context. [Figure: see text]
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Esteve-Altava, Borja, Stephanie E. Pierce, Julia L. Molnar, Peter Johnston, Rui Diogo, and John R. Hutchinson. "Evolutionary parallelisms of pectoral and pelvic network-anatomy from fins to limbs." Science Advances 5, no. 5 (2019): eaau7459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau7459.
Full textAbstract:
Lobe-fins transformed into limbs during the Devonian period, facilitating the water-to-land transition in tetrapods. We traced the evolution of well-articulated skeletons across the fins-to-limbs transition, using a network-based approach to quantify and compare topological features of fins and limbs. We show that the topological arrangement of bones in pectoral and pelvic appendages evolved in parallel during the fins-to-limbs transition, occupying overlapping regions of the morphospace, following a directional trend, and decreasing their disparity over time. We identify the presence of digits as the morphological novelty triggering topological changes that discriminated limbs from fins. The origin of digits caused an evolutionary shift toward appendages that were less densely and heterogeneously connected, but more assortative and modular. Disparity likewise decreased for both appendages, more markedly until a time concomitant with the earliest-known tetrapod tracks. Last, we rejected the presence of a pectoral-pelvic similarity bottleneck at the origin of tetrapods.
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Wolmarans, Jenique, Karina C. De Sousa, Caitlin Frisby, et al. "Speech Recognition in Noise Using Binaural Diotic and Antiphasic Digits-in-Noise in Children: Maturation and Self-Test Validity." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 32, no. 05 (2021): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1727274.
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Abstract Background Digits-in-noise (DIN) tests have become popular for hearing screening over the past 15 years. Several recent studies have highlighted the potential utility of DIN as a school-aged hearing test. However, age may influence test performance in children due to maturation. In addition, a new antiphasic stimulus paradigm has been introduced, allowing binaural intelligibility level difference (BILD) to be measured by using a combination of conventional diotic and antiphasic DIN. Purpose This study determined age-specific normative data for diotic and antiphasic DIN, and a derived measure, BILD, in children. A secondary aim evaluated the validity of DIN as a smartphone self-test in a subgroup of young children. Research Design A cross-sectional, quantitative design was used. Participants with confirmed normal audiometric hearing were tested with a diotic and antiphasic DIN. During the test, arrangements of three spoken digits were presented in noise via headphones at varying signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Researchers entered each three-digit spoken sequence repeated by the participant on a smartphone keypad. Study Sample Overall, 621 (428 male and 193 female) normal hearing children (bilateral pure tone threshold of ≤ 20 dB hearing level at 1, 2, and 4 kHz) ranging between the ages of 6 and 13 years were recruited. A subgroup of 7-year-olds (n = 30), complying with the same selection criteria, was selected to determine the validity of self-testing. Data Collection and Analysis DIN testing was completed via headphones coupled to a smartphone. Diotic and antiphasic DIN speech recognition thresholds (SRTs) were analyzed and compared for each age group. BILD was calculated through subtraction of antiphasic from diotic SRTs. Multiple linear regressions were run to determine the effect of age on SRT and BILD. In addition, piecewise linear regressions were fit across different age groups. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to determine differences between self- and facilitated tests. Results Age was a significant predictor, of both diotic and antiphasic DIN SRTs (p < 0.05). SRTs improved by 0.15 dB and 0.35 dB SNR per year for diotic and antiphasic SRTs, respectively. However, age effects were only significant up to 10 and 12 years for antiphasic and diotic SRTs, respectively. Age significantly (p < 0.001) predicted BILD, which increased by 0.18 dB per year. A small SRT advantage for facilitated over self-testing was seen but was not significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions Increasing age was significantly associated with improved SRT and BILD using diotic and antiphasic DINs. DIN could be used as a smartphone self-test in young children from 7 years of age with appropriate quality control measures to avoid potential false positives.
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BAUER, AARON M., MONTRI SUMONTHA, and OLIVIER S. G. PAUWELS. "Two new species of Cyrtodactylus (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Thailand." Zootaxa 376, no. 1 (2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.376.1.1.
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Two new species of the gekkonid lizard genus Cyrtodactylus Gray, C. tigroides, sp. nov. and C. chanhomeae, sp. nov. are described on the basis of material collected in Kanchanaburi and Saraburi provinces, bringing the number of species of this genus in Thailand to 14. Both species have relatively slender bodies and elongate tails, limbs and digits. They differ significantly, however, with respect to precloacal and femoral pore arrangement and color pattern. They share a common habitus with the recently described C. sumonthai Bauer et al., which may reflect a close relationship or a similar limestone outcrop and cave dwelling ecology.
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Alqahtani, Suha, and Norah Aldosiry. "Effects of Using Constant Time Delay in Small Group Instruction to Teach Number Identification Skills to Students with Intellectual Disability." International Journal for Research in Education 47, no. 3 (2023): 84–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.36771/ijre.47.3.23-pp84-111.
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This study aims to examine the effectiveness of constant time delay (CTD) in a small group teaching arrangement implemented in distance learning on teaching identifying the names of numbers with two digits. A multiple probe design across subjects was used to assess the effect of CTD. Participants of the study were four elementary school students with intellectual disabilities. Maintenance and acquisition of non-target skills through observational learning was assessed. Results showed that all students acquired and maintained the target skills. Data of observational learning showed that students acquired some of the non-target skills. Keywords: Intellectual Disability، Constant Time Delay، Number Identification، Small-Group instruction, Distance Learning, Multiple Probe Design.
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Ravikumar, B. Venkata. "Second Type Second Order Slope Rotatable Designs Utilizing Balanced Incomplete Block Designs with Unequal Block Sizes." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 2 (2025): 1199–206. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.67043.
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Kim and Ko proposed second type second order slope rotatable designs (SOSRD) utilizing central composite designs (CCD) wherein the two digits 1 2 a , a denotes the position of star points. In this study, we propose SOSRD of second type utilizing balanced incomplete block designs (BIBD) with unequal block sizes. In specific cases, the recommended procedure results in fewer design points than SOSRD of second type acquired through pairwise balanced designs (PBD), symmetrical unequal block arrangements (SUBA) with two unequal block sizes and balanced incomplete block designs (BIBD).
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Hamid Ansari, Mohammad Faizan Ansari, and Medha Das. "Relationship between dermatoglyphics and blood group of male and female first-year medical students at Rama Medical College, Kanpur." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 14, no. 12 (2023): 82–85. https://doi.org/10.71152/ajms.v14i12.3388.
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Background: Apart from the flexion crease and secondary folds, dermatoglyphics is the scientific study of naturally existing epidermal ridges and their arrangement on the digits, palms, and soles. In medicolegal cases, fingerprints can be used to identify suspects, victims, and other people who touch a surface as well as to diagnose inherited diseases. ABO blood group is divided into A, B, AB, and O. ABO type is determined by two antigens and two antibodies. Due to the presence or absence of the D antigen, it is further divided into Rh-positive and Rh-negative. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to find correlation between ABO and Rh blood group with dermatoglyphic pattern in human beings. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted among 107 medical students studying at RMCHRC, Kanpur, UP, India. Rubber stamp ink pads were utilized to smear each finger. Imprints were obtained, and each fingerprint pattern was inspected and documented using a strong hand lens on a sturdy white piece of paper. Results: Among 1070 fingerprint patterns studied, the most common pattern observed was whorl. This pattern was present in 226 male’s digits (49.23%) and 233 female’s digits (50.26%), totaling to 459 forming 42.89% of the total patterns observed. B + blood group was the most common blood group present with whorl pattern, seen in 92 males and 99 females. Conclusion: This study shows the association between the distribution of dermatoglyphics, ABO, Rh blood group, and gender.