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Journal articles on the topic 'Digit preference'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 December 2022

Last updated: 26 January 2023

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1

DuBose, K. D., R. S. Cooper, C. Tudor-Locke, and B. E. Ainsworth. "ROUNDING AND DIGIT PREFERENCE." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 34, no. 5 (May 2002): S265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200205001-01484.

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2

Salsburg, David. "Digit Preference in the Bible." CHANCE 10, no. 4 (September 1997): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09332480.1997.10542065.

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3

Spriet, Alain, and Thérèse Dupin-Spriet. "Digit Preference and Sample Size." Drug Information Journal 31, no. 3 (July 1997): 923–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009286159703100337.

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4

Joughin, Karen, and Steven J. McCabe. "Patient Preference for the Management of Trigger Digit." Canadian Journal of Plastic Surgery 1, no. 3 (September 1993): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/229255039300100304.

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K Joughin, SJ McCabe. Patient preference for the management of trigger digit. Can J Plast Surg 1993;1(3):141-142. Steroid injection and surgery are both accepted treatment options for trigger digit. The objective of this study was to determine which modality patients would prefer when given a choice of treatments, the strength of their preference and factors that may influence their preference. A probability trade-off technique was used in 151 subjects. On average, subjects selected injection over surgery and would do so with a probability of success by injection as low as 57%. If the probability of cure by injection was less than 57%, surgery would be the preferred method of treatment, on average. A bimodal distribution of patient preference showed that some patients may strongly prefer either surgery or injection, with many patients preferring surgery even with a high expected cure rate of the first injection. Age, gender and previous experience with injections or surgery did not correlate with preference. Patients with trigger digits should be presented with unbiased information about treatment and be allowed to take part in the selection of the type of treatment they receive.

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5

Ridout, Martin S., and Byron J. T. Morgan. "Modelling Digit Preference in Fecundability Studies." Biometrics 47, no. 4 (December 1991): 1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2532396.

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6

Camarda, Carlo G., Paul H. C. Eilers, and Jutta Gampe. "Modelling trends in digit preference patterns." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series C (Applied Statistics) 66, no. 5 (December 22, 2016): 893–918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rssc.12205.

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7

Baker, Michael. "Digit preference in CPS unemployment data." Economics Letters 39, no. 1 (May 1992): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(92)90112-c.

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8

Camarda, Carlo G., Paul H. C. Eilers, and Jutta Gampe. "Modelling general patterns of digit preference." Statistical Modelling: An International Journal 8, no. 4 (December 2008): 385–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1471082x0800800404.

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9

Pickering, R. M. "Digit preference in estimated gestational age." Statistics in Medicine 11, no. 9 (1992): 1225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.4780110908.

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10

Crawford, SL, CB Johannes, J. Bradsher, RK Stellato, S. Sherman, and S. Samuels. "Digit preference in year at menopause." Annals of Epidemiology 10, no. 7 (October 2000): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1047-2797(00)00140-x.

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11

Sion, Guy, Rahav Tal, and Shai Meiri. "Asymmetric Behavior in Ptyodactylus guttatus: Can a Digit Ratio Reflect Brain Laterality?" Symmetry 12, no. 9 (September 10, 2020): 1490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12091490.

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The digit ratio, an indicator of brain laterality, is the ratio of the second and fourth digits on the left (L24) or right foot (R24). Much of the research on the digit ratio and brain laterality focuses on primates, rather than other species such as reptiles. We tested whether the digit ratio in the gecko Ptyodactylus guttatus was associated with behaviors attributed to brain laterality. We examined risk-taking behavior (time spent under cover), foot preference (which foot was the first to start moving) and the side from which geckos bypassed an obstacle, in relation to the digit ratio. Geckos with longer fourth digits on their left hind foot (higher digit ratio) spent more time under cover. Geckos starting to move with their left leg were much more likely to bypass obstacles from the right side, and vice versa. This is the first evidence of laterality being associated with the digit ratio in reptiles. Comparisons among vertebrates are needed in order to decipher the evolutionary origin of the commonalities and peculiarities of brain asymmetry and disentangle the patterns and drivers of our evolutionary tree.

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12

Hayes, S. J. "Does terminal digit preference occur in pathology?" Journal of Clinical Pathology 61, no. 8 (August 1, 2008): 975–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.2008.057851.

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13

Beer, T. W. "Terminal digit preference: beware of Benford's law." Journal of Clinical Pathology 62, no. 2 (January 29, 2009): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.2008.061721.

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14

Beaman, Jay, Jerry J. Vaske, Maureen P. Donnelly, and Michael J. Manfredo. "Individual versus aggregate measures of digit preference." Human Dimensions of Wildlife 2, no. 1 (March 1997): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10871209709359088.

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15

Blood, Gordon W., Ingrid M. Blood, and Karen R. Newton. "Effect of Directed Attention on Cerebral Asymmetries in Stuttering Adults." Perceptual and Motor Skills 62, no. 2 (April 1986): 351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1986.62.2.351.

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9 stutterers and 9 nonstutterers were administered a dichotic digits test under conditions of free recall and directed attention. Analysis indicated right-ear preference for both groups and no differences between the free recall and directed listening conditions. Results are discussed in relation to previous studies in which dichotic digit-stimuli were presented to stutterers.

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16

Edouard, L., and A. Senthilselvan. "Observer error and birthweight: digit preference in recording." Public Health 111, no. 2 (March 1997): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0033-3506(97)90004-4.

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Edouard, L., and A. Senthilselvan. "Observer error and birthweight: digit preference in recording." Public Health 111, no. 2 (1997): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ph.1900313.

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18

Blanchard, Harry E., Steven H. Lewis, David Ross, and Gaye Cataldo. "User Performance and Preference for Alphabetic Entry from 10-Key Pads: Where to Put Q and Z?" Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 37, no. 3 (October 1993): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129303700303.

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The numeric keys on the keypads of devices such as telephones and point of sale terminals have the letters of the alphabet mapped onto the digits 2-9, except for Q and Z, which are missing. The international standards bodies CCITT and ISO/TEC are standardizing the placement of letters on 10-digit keypads, and must decide where to place Q and Z. Two alternatives have been considered: placing Q and Z in alphabetic order on the 7 and 9 keys, respectively, or placing Q and Z on the 1 key. A study was conducted to determine if one of these alternatives is to be preferred on the basis of human keying performance and/or preferences. Performance differences were too small to conclude that one alternative should be preferred, however, the majority of users clearly indicated a preference for alphabetic order. A nation-wide preference and usage survey among active calling card and bank machine users revealed an overwhelming preference for the alphabetic order. Finally, a summary is given of the current status of the 10-key pad standardization process in CCLTT and ISO/TEC.

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19

Kumar, Sanjay, Maharaj Singh, and Martin Voracek. "Effects of hand preference on digit lengths and digit ratios among children and adults." Early Human Development 151 (December 2020): 105204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105204.

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20

Beber, Bernd, and Alexandra Scacco. "What the Numbers Say: A Digit-Based Test for Election Fraud." Political Analysis 20, no. 2 (2012): 211–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/mps003.

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Is it possible to detect manipulation by looking only at electoral returns? Drawing on work in psychology, we exploit individuals' biases in generating numbers to highlight suspicious digit patterns in reported vote counts. First, we show that fair election procedures produce returns where last digits occur with equal frequency, but laboratory experiments indicate that individuals tend to favor some numerals over others, even when subjects have incentives to properly randomize. Second, individuals underestimate the likelihood of digit repetition in sequences of random integers, so we should observe relatively few instances of repeated numbers in manipulated vote tallies. Third, laboratory experiments demonstrate a preference for pairs of adjacent digits, which suggests that such pairs should be abundant on fraudulent return sheets. Fourth, subjects avoid pairs of distant numerals, so those should appear with lower frequency on tainted returns. We test for deviations in digit patterns using data from Sweden's 2002 parliamentary elections, Senegal's 2000 and 2007 presidential elections, and previously unavailable results from Nigeria's 2003 presidential election. In line with observers' expectations, we find substantial evidence that manipulation occurred in Nigeria as well as in Senegal in 2007.

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21

Belfiore, Phillip J., David L. Lee, Andrès U. Vargas, and Christopher H. Skinner. "EFFECTS OF HIGH-PREFERENCE SINGLE-DIGIT MATHEMATICS PROBLEM COMPLETION ON MULTIPLE-DIGIT MATHEMATICS PROBLEM PERFORMANCE." Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 30, no. 2 (June 1997): 327–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1997.30-327.

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22

Stratford, Paul W., Amy V. Wainwright, and Deborah M. Kennedy. "An Example of End-Digit Preference in Physiotherapy Practice." Physiotherapy Canada 65, no. 3 (July 2013): 276–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ptc.2012-42.

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23

Sone, Tomofumi, Shinya Matsuda, Toru Doi, and Hiroaki Kahyo. "Digit Preference in Birth Weight Data of Obstetric Facilities." Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi (Japanese Journal of Hygiene) 47, no. 6 (1993): 1050–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1265/jjh.47.1050.

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24

Miller, Craig A., and William L. Anderson. "Digit Preference in Reported Harvest Among Illinois Waterfowl Hunters." Human Dimensions of Wildlife 7, no. 1 (January 2002): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/108712002753574783.

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25

Buller, A. J., K. Chatzinikolas, N. Giannopoulos, J. Nair, S. H. Kelleher, S. D. Raj, K. Roy, and G. Naylor. "Digit Preference in Goldmann Applanation Tonometry: The Hedgehog Effect." American Journal of Ophthalmology 140, no. 3 (September 2005): 527–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2005.03.046.

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26

Ahmad, Jaleel. "Diversion et création d’échanges commerciaux dans le cadre du système canadien de préférences tarifaires." Articles 55, no. 1 (June 29, 2009): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/800814ar.

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This paper explores in quantitative terms the potential effects on trade flows as a result of Canadian tariff preferences in favor of the developing countries instituted in 1974. The paper develops a model of trade creation and trade diversion due to preferences based on imperfect substitution, within each product category, between preference-granting, preference-receiving and non-preferred countries. This model depart from the usual assumption of the customs union theory that countries trade in perfect substitutes. The model is then applied to the 1978 trade date under BTN chapters 25 - 99 on a 4-digit classification. One major conclusion of the paper is that the assumption of perfect substitution tends to overstate the magnitude of trade creation and trade diversion, while the method based on less than perfect substitutability seems to offer more realistic estimates of the actual impact of trade preferences.

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27

Hilbert, Sven, Tristan T. Nakagawa, Patricia Puci, Alexandra Zech, and Markus Bühner. "The Digit Span Backwards Task." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 31, no. 3 (July 2015): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000223.

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Abstract. The “digit span backwards” (DSB) is the most commonly used test in clinical neuropsychology to assess working memory capacity. Yet, it remains unclear how the task is solved cognitively. The present study was conducted to examine the use of visual and verbal cognitive strategies in the DSB. Further, the relationship between the DSB and a complex span task, based on the Simultaneous Storage and Processing task ( Oberauer et al., 2003 ), was investigated. Visualizers performed better than verbalizers in the dual task condition (rPB = .23) only when the relevant digits were presented optically. Performance in the DSB correlated only weakly with the complex span task in all conditions (all τ ≤ .21). The results indicate that the processing modality is determined by the preference for a cognitive strategy rather than the presentation modality and suggest that the DSB measures different working aspects than commonly used experimental working memory tasks.

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28

Locker, Thomas E., and Suzanne M. Mason. "Digit preference bias in the recording of emergency department times." European Journal of Emergency Medicine 13, no. 2 (April 2006): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.mej.0000195677.23780.fa.

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29

Moore, David K. "Modality Preference: Prediction Via the Visual Aural Digit Span Test?" Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 4, no. 4 (December 1986): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073428298600400402.

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30

Parker, Richard A., Mary Paterson, Paul Padfield, Hilary Pinnock, Janet Hanley, Vicky S. Hammersley, Adam Steventon, and Brian McKinstry. "Are self-reported telemonitored blood pressure readings affected by end-digit preference: a prospective cohort study in Scotland." BMJ Open 8, no. 1 (January 2018): e019431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019431.

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ObjectiveSimple forms of blood pressure (BP) telemonitoring require patients to text readings to central servers creating an opportunity for both entry error and manipulation. We wished to determine if there was an apparent preference for particular end digits and entries which were just below target BPs which might suggest evidence of data manipulation.DesignProspective cohort studySetting37 socioeconomically diverse primary care practices from South East Scotland.ParticipantsPatients were recruited with hypertension to a telemonitoring service in which patients submitted home BP readings by manually transcribing the measurements into text messages for transmission (‘patient-texted system’). These readings were compared with those from primary care patients with uncontrolled hypertension using a system in which readings were automatically transmitted, eliminating the possibility of manipulation of values (‘automatic-transmission system’).MethodsA generalised estimating equations method was used to compare BP readings between the patient-texted and automatic-transmission systems, while taking into account clustering of readings within patients.ResultsA total of 44 150 BP readings were analysed on 1068 patients using the patient-texted system compared with 20 705 readings on 199 patients using the automatic-transmission system. Compared with the automatic-transmission data, the patient-texted data showed a significantly higher proportion of occurrences of both systolic and diastolic BP having a zero end digit (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.7 to 2.6) although incidence was <2% of readings. Similarly, there was a preference for systolic 134 and diastolic 84 (the threshold for alerts was 135/85) (134 systolic BP OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.3 to 1.8; 84 diastolic BP OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.3 to 1.9).ConclusionEnd-digit preference for zero numbers and specific-value preference for readings just below the alert threshold exist among patients in self-reporting their BP using telemonitoring. However, the proportion of readings affected is small and unlikely to be clinically important.Trial registration numberISRCTN72614272; Post-results.

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31

Wingfield, David, Jonathan Cooke, Lut Thijs, Jan A. Staessen, Astrid E. Fletcher, Robert Fagard, and Christopher J. Bulpitt. "Terminal digit preference and single-number preference in the Syst-Eur trial: influence of quality control." Blood Pressure Monitoring 7, no. 3 (June 2002): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00126097-200206000-00005.

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32

&NA;. "Differences in Terminal Digit Preference in Birthweight Records between Two Institutions." Epidemiology 6, no. 2 (March 1995): s1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199503000-00029.

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33

Li, Li-Jian, Tong Liu, and Pei-Shan Wang. "Should we use digit preference as an indicator of quality control?" Medical Hypotheses 65, no. 1 (January 2005): 192–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2005.02.001.

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34

Bieniaszewski, L., P. Kruszewski, R. Szczech, J. Furmanski, K. Narkiewicz, and B. Krupa-Wojciechowska. "THE DIGIT PREFERENCE PHENOMENON AND THE ASSESSMENT OF PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION." Journal of Hypertension 18 (June 2000): S49—S50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004872-200006001-00163.

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35

den Bakker, Michael A., and Ronald A. M. Damhuis. "Pentameric last-digit preference and stage border avoidance in pathology measurement." Histopathology 73, no. 3 (June 21, 2018): 510–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/his.13640.

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36

HESSEL, P. A. "Terminal Digit Preference in Blood Pressure Measurements: Effects on Epidemiological Associations." International Journal of Epidemiology 15, no. 1 (March 1, 1986): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/15.1.122.

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37

Kozieł, Sławomir, Marek Kociuba, Raja Chakraborty, Aneta Sitek, and Zofia Ignasiak. "FURTHER EVIDENCE OF AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LOW SECOND-TO-FOURTH DIGIT RATIO (2D:4D) AND SELECTION FOR THE UNIFORMED SERVICES: A STUDY AMONG POLICE PERSONNEL IN WROCŁAW, POLAND." Journal of Biosocial Science 50, no. 4 (August 22, 2017): 527–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932017000438.

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SummaryMales and females differ in their preference for occupations and sporting activities, and differ also in risk-taking attitudes. In addition to other explanations, prenatal hormone exposure has been implicated in these gender-associated differences. The ratio of the relative lengths of the second-to-fourth digits (2D:4D) is a proxy indicator of prenatal exposure to testosterone relative to oestrogen. The 2D:4D ratio has been found to be associated with choice of occupation, particularly among females. This study investigated whether 2D:4D differed between police officers and a control group of civilians in Wrocław, Poland. Participants were 147 male and 55 female police officers and 91 male and 75 female civilian controls. The police officers had to undergo rigorous physical ability tests during recruitment and their job bore relatively higher risk, whereas the controls had a normal civilian lifestyle. Height, weight, hand grip strength and lengths of the second and fourth digits were measured. Analyses of variance and covariance were employed to assess the significance of difference in digit ratio between groups (police officers and civilians) allowing for interaction with sex. The policewomen, compared with the female controls, were taller and had stronger hand grip strength, but had lower 2D:4D in the right hand and average 2D:4D of both hands. However, male and female police officers slightly differed only in the right hand digit ratio but not in the left hand ratio or the average for the two hands. However, the control group showed significant sex differences in all digit ratios with higher (feminine) mean values in females. The study provides further evidence that prenatal testosterone exposure, as reflected in the 2D:4D ratio, might have an association with choice of occupation, particularly among females.

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38

Giannouli, Vaitsa, and Stanislava Stoyanova. "Are there any links among psychopathological symptoms, musical preferences and verbal working memory in female adults?" Acta Neuropsychologica 16, no. 1 (March 20, 2018): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.6502.

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The question ‘Do psychopathology dimensions correlate with musical preferences in healthy individuals?’ still remains poorly investigated. Additionally, verbal working memory, psychopathology and music preferences have not been examined together. Participants consisted of ninety-three young women without a previous or current psychiatric diagnosis. All participants were examined with the Forward Digit Span Task, and completed a psychopathology symptom instrument along with a musical preferences question. Results revealed that the Global Score Index, Somatization, Hostility and Depression correlated in a statistically significant way with musical preferences in female adults. Hostility and Depression predicted classical music preferences. Depression, Obsessive/Compulsive, Somatization and Hostility predicted a pop preference, while Somatization and Psychoticism predicted a rock preference. No significant correlations were found between the above variables and verbal working memory, except for a significant correlation between age and the span of the working memory. Certain psychopathology dimensions do not influence cognition in the form of the verbal working memory in women, but can predict a specific choice of music genres. Findings suggest that music listening preferences may represent a field of inner experiences that could reveal easy-to-obtain information about the mental health of women who have not an official psychiatric diagnosis, but may be at risk of developing psychological problems due to high self-reported symptoms of psychopathology.

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Hayes, S. J. "Terminal digit preference occurs in pathology reporting irrespective of patient management implication." Journal of Clinical Pathology 61, no. 9 (August 28, 2008): 1071–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.2008.059543.

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40

Price, Karen L., and John W. Seaman. "Bayesian modeling of retrospective time-to-pregnancy data with digit preference bias." Mathematical and Computer Modelling 43, no. 11-12 (June 2006): 1424–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcm.2005.06.007.

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Ohaegbulem, Emmanuel. "A reliability assessment of the age-sex data from 1991 and 2006 Nigeria population censuses." International Journal of Advanced Statistics and Probability 3, no. 2 (May 31, 2015): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijasp.v3i2.4651.

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<p>This study assessed the quality of the age-sex data from 1991 and 2006 Nigeria population censuses using some conventional techniques of evaluating demographic data quality. Whipple and Myers indices were used to determine the extent of digit preference for the age-sex data presented in single years. There were very obvious preference for ages with end-digits 0 and 5 while other end-digits were avoided in the two censuses; and this was more pronounced with the females than males. From 1991 census to 2006 census, the Whipple index for both sexes declined from 294 to 251, while the Myers index declined from 60.8 to 49.9; indications of deficiencies in the Nigeria censuses data. The Joint scores computed for the five-year abridged distribution of the age-sex data yielded 54.83 and 38.52 for the 1991 and 2006 censuses, respectively. This showed that the data are poor in quality and not completely reliable as a result of misreporting. The 29.7% decline in Joint score from 1991 census to 2006 census was an indication of a modest improvement in quality over than fifteen years interval, even as the 2006 age-sex data are usable with adjustment.</p>

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42

Leidman, Eva, Louise Masese Mwirigi, Lucy Maina-Gathigi, Anna Wamae, Andrew Amina Imbwaga, and Oleg O. Bilukha. "Assessment of Anthropometric Data Following Investments to Ensure Quality: Kenya Demographic Health Surveys Case Study, 2008 to 2009 and 2014." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 39, no. 3 (July 23, 2018): 406–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0379572118783181.

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Background: Evidence-based nutrition programs depend on accurate estimates of malnutrition derived from data collected in population representative surveys. The feasibility of obtaining accurate anthropometric data as part of national, multisectoral surveys has been a debated issue. Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate changes in anthropometric data quality corresponding to investments by the Kenya Ministry of Health and nutrition sector partners for the 2014 Kenya Demographic Health Survey. Methods: Anthropometric data collected during the 2008 to 2009 and 2014 Kenya surveys were reanalyzed to assess standard parameters of quality: standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis of z-score values for 3 anthropometric indicators (weight for height, height for age, and weight for age), percentage of children with missing measurements and outlier values, digit preference, and heaping of age. Results: A total of 9936 households were selected in 2008 to 2009, and 39 679 households were selected in 2014. Standard deviation of z-scores for all 3 indicators was smaller in 2014 than in 2008 to 2009. Applying original Demographic and Health Survey exclusion criteria, weight for height z-scores were 1.16 in 2014, 10.1% narrower than 2008 to 2009. The percentage of outlying values declined significantly from 2008 to 2009 to 2014 for both height for age and weight for height ( P < .001). Digit preference scores in 2014 improved for both weight ( P = .011) and height ( P < .001) suggesting less rounding of terminal digits. Conclusions: All tests of data quality suggest an improvement in 2014 relative to 2008 to 2009, despite the complexity implied by the larger sample. This improvement corresponds with efforts to enhance training and supervision of anthropometry, suggesting a positive effect of these enhancements.

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Kociuba, Marek, Slawomir Kozieł, Raja Chakraborty, and Zofia Ignasiak. "SPORTS PREFERENCE AND DIGIT RATIO (2D:4D) AMONG FEMALE STUDENTS IN WROCŁAW, POLAND." Journal of Biosocial Science 49, no. 5 (October 11, 2016): 623–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932016000523.

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SummaryHumans exhibit sex differences in competitiveness, sensation seeking and risk-taking attitude, which are required in sports. These attributes are often linked to prenatal testosterone (PT) exposure. The second-to-fourth digit length ratio (2D:4D) is an indicator of PT exposure. A lower 2D:4D indicates higher PT exposure and vice versa. Males generally have a lower 2D:4D than females. Sensation- and/or thrill-seeking behaviours have also been found to be negatively associated with 2D:4D. Boxing and judo are considered to be high-risk sports. Voluntary participation in judo/boxing in contrast to aerobics can be guided by such behaviours and thus have an association with lower 2D:4D. This cross-sectional study included 167 female students from a military academy in Wrocław, Poland. Of them, 119 had voluntarily chosen aerobic exercise, and 48 opted for judo/boxing. Height, weight and second and fourth digit lengths were measured. Physical fitness was assessed using Eurofit tests. The two groups showed similar physical fitness and body size. However, the judo/boxing group had significantly lower mean 2D:4D values than the aerobics group. It is proposed that voluntary choice of participation in a sport discipline by women could be linked to the ‘organizational’ effect of intrauterine testosterone exposure during prenatal growth.

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CROCKETT, R. G. M., A. C. CROCKETT, and S. J. TURNER. "‘BASE-NUMBER CORRELATION’: A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR INVESTIGATING DIGIT PREFERENCE AND DATA HEAPING." History and Computing 13, no. 2 (June 2001): 161–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/hac.2001.13.2.161.

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Kim, E. S. H., T. A. Samuels, H. C. Yeh, M. Abuid, S. S. Marinopoulos, J. M. McCauley, and F. L. Brancati. "End-Digit Preference and the Quality of Blood Pressure Monitoring in Diabetic Adults." Diabetes Care 30, no. 8 (May 7, 2007): 1959–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc07-0020.

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Tarrant, Michael A., and Michael J. Manfredo. "Digit preference, recall bias, and nonresponse bias in self reports of angling participation." Leisure Sciences 15, no. 3 (January 1993): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490409309513202.

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Vaske, Jerry J., Jay Beaman, Michael J. Manfredo, Douglas D. Covey, and Robin Knox. "Response strategy, recall frame and digit preference in self—reports of angling participation." Human Dimensions of Wildlife 1, no. 4 (December 1996): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10871209609359078.

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Tsuruda, Kaitlyn M., Solveig Hofvind, Lars A. Akslen, Solveig R. Hoff, and Marit B. Veierød. "Terminal digit preference: a source of measurement error in breast cancer diameter reporting." Acta Oncologica 59, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0284186x.2019.1669817.

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Kwon, Soo-Ha, William Wei-Kai Lao, Angela Ting-Wei Hsu, Che-Hsiung Lee, Chung-Chen Hsu, Jung-Ju Huang, Shan Shan Qiu, et al. "The Preferred Management of a Single-Digit Distal Phalanx Amputation." Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery 36, no. 04 (February 5, 2020): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1701013.

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Abstract Background Replantation of a single digit at the distal phalanx level is not routinely performed since it is technically challenging with questionable cost-effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to analyze international microsurgeons' clinical decisions when faced with this common scenario. Methods A survey of a right-middle finger distal phalanx transverse complete amputation case was conducted via online and paper questionnaires. Microsurgeons around the world were invited to provide their treatment recommendations. In total, 383 microsurgeons replied, and their responses were stratified and analyzed by geographical areas, specialties, microsurgery fellowship training, and clinical experiences. Results Among 383 microsurgeons, 170 (44.3%) chose replantation as their preferred management option, 137 (35.8%) chose revision amputation, 62 (16.2%) chose local flap coverage, 8 (2.1%) chose composite graft, and 6 (1.6%) favored other choices as their reconstruction method for the case study. Microsurgeons from the Asia-Pacific, Middle East/South Asia, and Central/South America regions tend to perform replantation (70.7, 68.8, and 67.4%, respectively) whereas surgeons from North America and Europe showed a lower preference toward replantation (20.5 and 26.8%, respectively p < 0.001). Having completed a microsurgery fellowship increased the attempt rate of replantation by 15.3% (p = 0.004). Clinical experience and the surgeons' specialties did not show statistical significance in clinical decision making. Conclusion From the present study, the geographic preferences and microsurgery fellowship experience influence the method of reconstruction for distal phalanx amputation. Multiple factors are taken into consideration in selecting the most suitable reconstructive method for each case scenario. In addition to the technical challenges of the proposed surgery, the cost of the procedure and the type of facility needed are important variables in the decision making process.

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Harville, Emily W., Van T. Tong, Suzanne M. Gilboa, Cynthia A. Moore, Maria Luisa Cafferata, Jackeline Alger, Luz Gibbons, et al. "Measurement of Head Circumference: Implications for Microcephaly Surveillance in Zika-Affected Areas." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 6, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6010005.

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Worldwide recognition of the Zika virus outbreak in the Americas was triggered by an unexplained increase in the frequency of microcephaly. While severe microcephaly is readily identifiable at birth, diagnosing less severe cases requires comparison of head circumference (HC) measurement to a growth chart. We examine measured values of HC and digit preference in those values, and, by extension, the prevalence of microcephaly at birth in two data sources: a research study in Honduras and routine surveillance data in Uruguay. The Zika in Pregnancy in Honduras study enrolled pregnant women prenatally and followed them until delivery. Head circumference was measured with insertion tapes (SECA 212), and instructions including consistent placement of the tape and a request to record HC to the millimeter were posted where newborns were examined. Three indicators of microcephaly were calculated: (1) HC more than 2 standard deviations (SD) below the mean, (2) HC more than 3 SD below the mean (referred to as “severe microcephaly”) and (3) HC less than the 3rd percentile for sex and gestational age, using the INTERGROWTH-21st growth standards. We compared these results from those from a previous analysis of surveillance HC data from the Uruguay Perinatal Information System (Sistema Informático Perinatal (SIP). Valid data on HC were available on 579 infants, 578 with gestational age data. Nine babies (1.56%, 95% CI 0.71–2.93) had HC < 2SD, including two (0.35%, 95% CI 0.04–1.24) with HC < 3SD, and 11 (1.9%, 95% CI, 0.79–3.02) were below the 3rd percentile. The distribution of HC showed strong digit preference: 72% of measures were to the whole centimeter (cm) and 19% to the half-cm. Training and use of insertion tapes had little effect on digit preference, nor were overall HC curves sufficient to detect an increase in microcephaly during the Zika epidemic in Honduras. When microcephaly prevalence needs to be carefully analyzed, such as during the Zika epidemic, researchers may need to interpret HC data with caution.

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