To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Digital Anatomy.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Digital Anatomy'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Digital Anatomy.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Tickhill, Justin David. "The Virtual Pig Head: Digital Imaging in Cephalic Anatomy." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1187634238.
Full text
2
Tickhill, Justin D. "The virtual pig head digital imaging in cephalic anatomy /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1187634238.
Full text
3
Hilbelink, Amy JoAnne. "The effectiveness and user perception of 3-dimensional digital human anatomy in an online undergraduate anatomy laboratory." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001876.
Full text
4
Hall, Miles S. "The Anatomy of an Image Painting in the Digital Age." Thesis, Griffith University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366725.
Full textAbstract:
The expansion of digital media and technology is rapidly transforming our perception of the material world. Marginalising the tactile potential of an image to convey meaning, advances in new-media have emphasized speed and efficiency over weight and substance. In light of the digital paradigm, my research promulgates the concept of painting as a physical encounter. An encounter that negates the disembodied nature of digital technology and that initiates an important rupture within the established fields of visual representation and communication. In order to extend the relevance of painting within contemporary art and culture, this paper analyses the material dimension of painting; its potential to convey significant meaning through creating a visual experience that is both optical and tactile. As the invention of photography can be seen to have liberated painting from a mimetic, narrative role, the nature of digital media likewise offers painters a unique challenge – digital technology requires us to think about painting in a new way.
The concerns for ‘physicality’ and ‘media-specificity’ are already well mapped out in modernist discourse and, as Rossalind Kraus rightly points out, it is difficult to raise the term ‘medium’ in relation to visual art without evoking both the ideas and/or critique of modernist critic Clement Greenberg. Consequently, one of the challenges for my research is to redefine the role of painting and its ‘tactility’ beyond the confines of modernist debate and offer an alternate way to consider how painting may operate in the contemporary world. By examining the impact of digital technology on our perception, this paper analyses the specific historical and cultural context that confers paintings physicality with an important role. In expanding the concept of painting as a physical encounter, my research explores the aesthetic philosophy of Gilles Deleuze. I maintain that Deleuze’s writings offer a coherent and creative strategy for contemporary artists to consider the material dimension of painting as a ‘strategic zone’ for arts production. I consider both the production and reception of painting in specific relation to the material processes that engender the emergence of meaning. This is a meaning that is felt through ‘sensation’– motivating us to think about the significance of an image beyond the regime of semiotics or communication. Paintings tactile dimension affirms a connection with the immanence of the physical world – an experience of art grounded in substance.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Queensland College of Art<br>Arts, Education and Law<br>Full Text
5
Harris, Martyn. "The anatomy of a search and mining system for digital humanities : Search And Mining Tools for Language Archives (SAMTLA)." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2017. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/236/.
Full textAbstract:
Humanities researchers are faced with an overwhelming volume of digitised primary source material, and "born digital" information, of relevance to their research as a result of large-scale digitisation projects. The current digital tools do not provide consistent support for analysing the content of digital archives that are potentially large in scale, multilingual, and come in a range of data formats. The current language-dependent, or project specific, approach to tool development often puts the tools out of reach for many research disciplines in the humanities. In addition, the tools can be incompatible with the way researchers locate and compare the relevant sources. For instance, researchers are interested in shared structural text patterns, known as \parallel passages" that describe a specific cultural, social, or historical context relevant to their research topic. Identifying these shared structural text patterns is challenging due to their repeated yet highly variable nature, as a result of differences in the domain, author, language, time period, and orthography. The contribution of the thesis is a novel infrastructure that directly addresses the need for generic, flexible, extendable, and sustainable digital tools that are applicable to a wide range of digital archives and research in the humanities. The infrastructure adopts a character-level n-gram Statistical Language Model (SLM), stored in a space-optimised k-truncated suffix tree data structure as its underlying data model. A character-level n-gram model is a relatively new approach that is competitive with word-level n-gram models, but has the added advantage that it is domain and language-independent, requiring little or no preprocessing of the document text unlike word-level models that require some form of language-dependent tokenisation and stemming. Character-level n-grams capture word internal features that are ignored by word-level n-gram models, which provides greater exibility in addressing the information need of the user through tolerant search, and compensation for erroneous query specification or spelling errors in the document text. Furthermore, the SLM provides a unified approach to information retrieval and text mining, where traditional approaches have tended to adopt separate data models that are often ad-hoc or based on heuristic assumptions. In addition, the performance of the character-level n-gram SLM was formally evaluated through crowdsourcing, which demonstrates that the retrieval performance of the SLM is close to that of the human level performance. The proposed infrastructure, supports the development of the Samtla (Search And Mining Tools for Language Archives), which provides humanities researchers digital tools for search, browsing, and text mining of digital archives in any domain or language, within a single system. Samtla supersedes many of the existing tools for humanities researchers, by supporting the same or similar functionality of the systems, but with a domain-independent and languageindependent approach. The functionality includes a browsing tool constructed from the metadata and named entities extracted from the document text, a hybrid-recommendation system for recommending related queries and documents. However, some tools are novel tools and developed in response to the specific needs of the researchers, such as the document comparison tool for visualising shared sequences between groups of related documents. Furthermore, Samtla is the first practical example of a system with a SLM as its primary data model that supports the real research needs of several case studies covering different areas of research in the humanities.
6
Rangel, de Lázaro Gizéh. "Digital analysis of the diploic vascular system in Anatomy, Archaeology and Paleoanthropology and its implications in the hominid endocranial thermoregulation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/586082.
Full textAbstract:
Els canals diploicos es col·loquen en l'os esponjós entre les capes corticals de la volta (externa i interna). Les venes diploicas són grans, de parets primes i sense vàlvules que passen per una xarxa de canals microscòpics. Les venes diploicas semblen estar més desenvolupades en humans que en primats no humans, el que suggereix un paper clau en l'evolució humana. Es descriuen les xarxes vasculars diplóicas, proporcionant comparacions quantitatives i correlacions entre el gruix de l'os esponjós i compacte, la longitud de la branca del vas i la mida del lumen, les asimetries vasculars i la distribució volumètrica en els ossos frontal, parietal i occipital. Es van notar les comunicacions entre la xarxa diploica amb l'artèria meníngia a la fossa temporal, amb les venes emisarias en l'os occipital i amb els sins venosos a la confluència del si. En vista de les probables diferències metabòliques i les limitacions associades amb la mida i la forma del cervell humà modern, s'ha d'avaluar si aquestes diferències vasculars poden ser deguts a la termoregulació endocranial. Per tant, considerant la possible contribució dels gots diploicos en la termoregulació del cervell i el maneig de la calor, l'anàlisi de la xarxa diploica pot ser rellevant en antropologia, medicina i paleontologia.<br>Los canales diploicos se colocan en el hueso esponjoso entre las capas corticales de la bóveda (externa e interna). Las venas diploicas son grandes, de paredes delgadas y sin válvulas que pasan por una red de canales microscópicos. Las venas diploicas parecen estar más desarrolladas en humanos que en primates no humanos, lo que sugiere un papel clave en la evolución humana. Se describen las redes vasculares diplóicas, proporcionando comparaciones cuantitativas y correlaciones entre el grosor del hueso esponjoso y compacto, la longitud de la rama del vaso y el tamaño del lumen, las asimetrías vasculares y la distribución volumétrica en los huesos frontal, parietal y occipital. Se notaron las comunicaciones entre la red diploica con la arteria meníngea en la fosa temporal, con las venas emisarias en el hueso occipital y con los senos venosos en la confluencia del seno. En vista de las probables diferencias metabólicas y las limitaciones asociadas con el tamaño y la forma del cerebro humano moderno, se debe evaluar si estas diferencias vasculares pueden deberse a la termorregulación endocraneal. Por lo tanto, considerando la posible contribución de los vasos diploicos en la termorregulación del cerebro y el manejo del calor, el análisis de la red diploica puede ser relevante en antropología, medicina y paleontología.<br>The diploic channels are placed in the cancellous bone between the vault cortical layers (external and internal). The diploic veins are large, thin-walled and valveless running through a network of microscopic channels. Diploic veins appear to be more developed in humans than in non-human primates, suggesting a key role in human evolution. We describe their vascular networks, providing quantitative comparisons and correlations between compact and cancellous bone thickness, vessels branch length and lumen size, vascular asymmetries and volumetric distribution in frontal, parietal and occipital bones. Communications between the diploic network with the meningeal artery at the temporal fossa, with the emissary veins at the occipital bone, and with the venous sinuses at the confluence of sinus were noted. In view of probable metabolic differences and constraints associated with modern human brain size and shape, it should be evaluated whether these vascular differences can be due to endocranial thermoregulation. Therefore, considering the possible contribution of diploic vessels in brain thermoregulation and heat management, the analysis of the diploic network may be relevant in anthropology, medicine, and paleontology.
7
Monteiro, Edison Daniel Schneider. "Quantificação digital da imunoexpressão de receptores adrenérgicos e terminações nervosas no detrusor de portadores da síndrome de prune belly." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-28052008-143257/.
Full textAbstract:
INTRODUÇÃO: A síndrome de prune belly (PBS) é caracterizada por uma tríade com flacidez da parede abdominal, criptorquidia bilateral e malformações do trato urinário que compreende bexiga de capacidade aumentada, com complacência elevada, hipossensibilidade, hipocontratilidade, com divertículo ou fístula uracal e resíduo pós-miccional elevado. Alguns autores recomendam tratamento clínico, porém outros propõe correção cirúrgica, com reconstrução da via urinária incluindo ureteroplastia e cistoplastia redutoras, orquidopexia e abdominoplastia. Mesmo após a cirurgia, alguns doentes necessitam de cateterismo limpo intermitente. A inervação vesical determina seu funcionamento, mediado por neuroreceptores na junção neuromuscular. Os adrenoreceptores a1 estão relacionados à contratilidade detrusora e o b3 ao seu relaxamento, e certas condições como obstrução infravesical levam à hiperexpressão de receptores a1. O objetivo da presente pesquisa é verificar se no detrusor de doentes com PBS há alteração na densidade de terminações nervosas, hiper ou hipoexpressão de receptores adrenérgicos a1a, a1b, a1d e b3 e proporção anormal dos tecidos muscular e conectivo. MÉTODO Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo de caso-controle que envolveu 14 espécimes de detrusor de doentes com PBS operados entre 1985 a 2005 no Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP. Dois grupos foram constituídos como controle: 13 fragmentos de bexiga de doentes submetidos à prostatectomia radical no Departamento de Urologia da Universidade de Mainz, com urodinâmica pré-operatória normal (GC1), e cinco fragmentos de bexiga de crianças submetidas à necrópsia no SVOC-USP, sem anomalias neurológicas e de trato urinário. A coloração de van Gieson foi realizada para análise da proporção músculo/tecido conectivo, e a reação imunohistoquímica para os anticorpos policlonais anti-proteína S100 e antiadrenoreceptores a1a, a1b, a1d e b3. A coloração castanho foi considerada evidência da expressão do adrenoreceptor na célula. Cinco a dez imagens digitais foram tomadas por meio de câmara digital e microscopia óptica. Estas foram analisadas pelo programa Adobe Photoshop CS2Ò. A quantidade relativa de receptores foi calculada e a análise estatística realizada pelos testes Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS A média de idade foi de 1,28 ± 1,14 ano no grupo caso (PBS), e de 64 ± 5,22 anos e 1,41 ± 1,11 ano, nos grupos GC1 e GC2, respectivamente. A mediana da relação músculo/tecido conectivo foi de 1,08 para o grupo PBS, 1,59 para o GC1 e para o GC2 de 1,28 (p=0,173). A mediana da proporção S100/tecido muscular foi de 0,21 para o grupo caso (PBS), de 0,20 para o GC1 e para o grupo GC2 de 0,01 (p=0,003). A mediana da relação a1a/tecido muscular foi de 0,06 para o grupo PBS, de 0,16 para o GC1 e para o grupo GC2 de 0,14 (p=0,026). Para a1b, as medianas foram 0,06 no grupo PBS, 0,006 no GC1 e 0,007 no GC2 (p=0,781). No a1d, as medianas foram 0,04 (PBS), 0,04 (GC1) e 0,05 (GC2) (p=0,618). Com relação ao b3, as medianas foram 0,07 no grupo PBS, 0,14 no GC1 e 0,10 no GC2 (p=0,378). CONCLUSÕES Comparando-se fragmentos de detrusor de doentes com PBS e bexigas normais não se observou alteração na densidade de terminações nervosas. Observou-se hipoexpressão do adrenoreceptor a1a, e não houve alteração dos adrenoreceptores a1b, a1d e b3. Também não se observou alteração entre a proporção de tecido muscular e conectivo no detrusor destes doentes. Investigações adicionais, com diferentes métodos e incluindo outros receptores, são necessárias antes de se aplicar esses conhecimentos na prática clínica.<br>INTRODUCTION: Prune belly syndrome (PBS) is charactherized by a triad of abdominal wall flaccidity, bilateral criptorchidism and urinary tract malformation, that includes a large-capacity bladder, with high detrusor compliance, low sensibility and contractility, associated to urachal diverticulum or fistula and elevated post void residual volumes. Some autors recommend clinical treatment, but others propose surgery correction, with urinary tract reconstruction, including reductive ureteroplasty and cystoplasty, orchidopexy and abdominoplasty. Even after surgery, some patients need intermittent catheterism. The detrusor innervation determines its function, mediated by neuroceptors at the neuromuscular junction. The a1 adrenoceptors are related to detrusor contractility and b3 to relaxation, and some conditions, like infravesical obstruction, lead to a1 adrenoceptor up-regulation. The objective of this work is to verify whether, in the detrusor from patients with PBS, there is altered nerve density, up or down-regulation of a1a, a1b, a1d and b3 adrenergic receptors and if there is an abnormal proportion between muscle and connective tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective case-control study was performed involving 14 detrusor specimens from patients with PBS, who underwent surgical treatment between 1985 an 2005 at University of São Paulo, Medical School Hospital. Two groups were taken as control: 13 bladder fragments from patients who underwent radical prostatectomy at Department of Urology of Mainz University, with normal urodynamic study prior to the surgery (GC1) and 5 bladder fragments from children submitted to autopsy at SVOC-USP, with no neurological or urinary tract malformation (GC2). Staining was performed using the van Gieson dye to analyse the proportion between muscle and connective tissue, and immunohistochemical reaction was employed, with polyclonal antibodies against S100 protein, as well as a1a, a1b, a1d and b3 adrenoceptors. Brown colour was considered as evidence of adrenoceptor cell expression. Five to ten digital images were captured on an optic microscope with a digital camera. These images were analysed with Adobe Photoshop CS2Ò software. The relative quantity of receptors was calculated and the statistic analysis was done with the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS Mean age was 1.28 ± 1.14 year in PBS patients, and 64 ± 5.22 yrs. and 1.41 ± 1.11 yrs. in GC1 and GC2, respectively. The median proportion between muscle and connective tissue was 1.08 in PBS, 1.59 in GC1 and in GC2 of 1.28 (p=0.173). The median proportion of S100/muscle area was 0.21 in PBS, 0.20 in GC1 and in GC2 of 0.01 (p=0.003). The median relative quantity of receptors of a1a was 0.06 in PBS, 0.16 in GC1 and 0.14 in GC2 (p=0.026). In a1b, the median values were 0.06 in PBS group, 0.006 in GC1 and 0.007 in GC2 (p=0.781). In a1d, the median values were 0.04 (PBS), 0.04 (GC1) and 0.05 (GC2) (p=0.618). Regarding b3, the median values were 0.07 in PBS, 0.14 in GC1 and 0.10 in GC2 (p=0.378). CONCLUSION Comparing detrusor fragments from patients with PBS and normal bladders, there was no alteration in the density of nerve endings. We observed downregulation of a1a adrenoceptors, but no alteration in the a1b, a1d and b3 receptors. Furthermore, there was no alteration of the proportion between muscle and connective tissue areas. Further investigations, with different methods and including other receptors, are necessary to transfer this knowledge to clinical use.
8
Kümmell, Susanna. "Die Digiti der Synapsida Anatomie, Evolution und Konstruktionsmorphologie." Aachen Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/999884328/04.
Full text
9
Boušková, Linda. "Anatomie domu a digitální regionalismus." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377348.
Full textAbstract:
Robotics and digital design are associated with the creation of free forms. The thesis deals with the potential of new building technologies in the sense of an opportunity to build on the foregoing regional architecture, disconnected by an industrial mass production. A creation that can reinterpret the charm and diversity of Moravian houses, preserving the continuity between old morphology and today’s housing requirements.
10
Graichen, Uwe. "Rekonstruktion der Koronar-Anatomie mittels digitaler Bildverarbeitung von Echokardiogrammen." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=97642830X.
Full text
11
FIORENTINO, GIULIA. "Digital 3D functional atlas of the mouse ovary." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1420340.
Full textAbstract:
L'infertilità femminile è una malattia che colpisce un numero crescente di donne. La chiave per lo sviluppo di strategie per il suo trattamento è aumentare la nostra conoscenza su follicologenesi, maturazione degli oociti e rimodellamento vascolare, in particolare per come si verificano nel loro contesto tridimensionale (3D).
La maggior parte delle informazioni su questi processi è stata ottenuta con approcci che hanno portato alla perdita dell'integrità 3D dell'ovario, alterandone così la naturale organizzazione spaziale degli eventi.
L'obiettivo principale del mio lavoro di tesi è stato costruire un modello 3D in silico dell’ovario di topo e, a tal fine, ho progettato una pipeline organizzata in cinque fasi principali:
1. Fissazione: la prima fase prevede l'isolamento e la fissazione dell'ovario in modo da riutilizzarlo per le analisi ex vivo.
2. Tomografia: La micro-Computed Tomography (microCT) dell'ovario di topo adulto ha consentito l'identificazione, la mappatura 3D e la conta dei follicoli dal secondario al preovulatorio e la ricostruzione del sistema vascolare principale. I risultati hanno mostrato che gli otto settori ovarici, segmentati lungo l'asse dorso-ventrale, ospitano un numero uguale di ciascun tipo di follicolo, suggerendo una distribuzione omogenea del reclutamento e della successiva crescita.
La nanoCT ha consentito la caratterizzazione a singola cellula e la localizzazione dei follicoli appartenenti a tutte le fasi della follicologenesi.
Prese insieme, micro- e nanoCT forniscono la prima ricostruzione isotropica 3D dell'ovario di topo, mantenendo la sua integrità e facilitandone l’analisi con gli altri approcci della pipeline.
3. Tissue Clearing: il metodo iDISCO + combinato con l'imaging confocale 3D dell'intero ovario di topo ha permesso l'identificazione di tutti i tipi di follicoli e del sistema vascolare fino ai capillari più sottili che circondano i singoli follicoli. Grazie all'uso di marcatori molecolari, questo approccio apre la possibilità di rivelare anche informazioni funzionali (ad esempio, la competenza allo sviluppo dei singoli oociti).
4. Spettrometria di massa: L’imaging con spettrometria di massa MALDI (MALDI-MSI) combinato con la cromatografia liquida LC-ESI-MS/MS ha permesso di studiare il proteoma dell'intero ovario di topo e di identificare in situ il profilo peptidico dei tipi follicolari.
La LC-ESI-MS / MS ha generato un elenco di 382 proteine, 75 delle quali svolgono un ruolo chiave nella biologia ovarica. L'analisi delle componenti principali (PCA) confrontando gli spettri di massa MALDI-MSI dei singoli tipi follicolari con quelli dell'intera follicologenesi ha suggerito un cambiamento progressivo nel contenuto di peptidi durante la crescita dal follicolo preantrale al preovulatorio. L’analisi statistica dei follicoli preovulatori T8 ha rivelato 45 proteine differentemente presenti. Di queste, 9 hanno un ruolo specifico nello sviluppo preimpianto (ad esempio, fattori ad effetto materno come DNMT1, NALP5 e KHDC3), suggerendo la presenza di follicoli T8 con diversa competenza allo sviluppo.
5. Istologia: Infine, ho sviluppato un metodo, denominato Confocal Histology, che impiega la proprietà fluorescente dell'Eosina Y insieme ad un'analisi al microscopio confocale di sezioni istologiche di ovario di topo da 20 µm per definire una topografia di tutti i follicoli e per classificare gli oociti contenuti secondo la loro organizzazione cromatinica.
In conclusione, questo lavoro in più fasi serve come proof-of-concept e pone le basi per la costruzione di un Atlante funzionale 3D digitale dell'ovario di topo. Nel prossimo futuro, ho intenzione di utilizzare questa pipeline non solo per migliorare la nostra comprensione delle dinamiche della follicologenesi nell'ovaio in condizioni normali, ma anche durante l'invecchiamento, in presenza di patologie o trattamento ormonale/farmacologico.<br>Female infertility is a disease that affects an increasing number of women. Key to the development of strategies to treat female infertility is to further our understanding of folliculogenesis, oocytes maturation, together with the vasculature remodelling, particularly as they occur in their three-dimensional (3D) environment.
Most of our knowledge of these processes has been obtained with approaches that alter the 3D ovary integrity, therefore altering the natural spatial organisation of the events.
The main objective of my thesis work was to build an in-silico 3D model of the tiny mouse ovary, and, to this end, I designed a pipeline organised in five main steps:
1. Fixation: The first step involves ovary isolation and fixation so that it can be used for subsequent ex-vivo analyses.
2. Tomography: Computed Tomography (CT) is an X-rays based imaging method which produces a true 3D reconstruction of an object, with cubic voxels and isotropic resolution.
At first, MicroCT of the adult mouse ovary allowed the identification, 3D mapping and counting of follicles from the secondary to the preovulatory, and the identification of the major vasculature. Importantly, the eight ovarian sectors, virtually segmented along the dorsal-ventral axis, houses an equal number of each follicle type, suggesting a homogeneous distribution of follicle recruitment and subsequent growth.
NanoCT allowed an accurate characterisation and localisation of follicles belonging to all the stages of folliculogenesis. Also, single cells and subcellular components were clearly observable.
Taken together, micro- and nanoCT analyses provide the first 3D isotropic reconstruction of the mouse ovary, well maintaining its integrity and facilitating its further analysis with the other approaches described in our pipeline.
3. Tissue Clearing: iDISCO+ combined with the 3D confocal imaging of the whole mouse ovary allowed the identification of all follicle types and of the vasculature down to the thinnest capillaries surrounding individual follicles. Thanks to the use of molecular markers, this approach opens the possibility to reveal functional information (i.e., the developmental competence of individual oocytes).
4. Mass spectrometry: MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MALDI-MSI) combined with Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) allowed to investigate the proteome of the entire mouse ovary, and to identify in-situ the peptide signature of follicular types.
LC-ESI-MS/MS generated a reference list of 382 proteins, 75 of which playing a key role in ovarian biology. Pricipal component analysis (PCA) comparing the MALDI-MSI mass spectra of individual follicle types with those of the entire folliculogenesis suggested a progressive change in peptide content during follicle growth from the pre-antral follicle to the fully-grown. Interestingly, statistical analysis of T8 follicles, revealed 45 proteins differentially present. Of these, 9 have a specific role in preimplantation development (e.g., maternal effect factors like DNMT1, NALP5 and KHDC3), suggesting the presence of T8 follicles with different developmental competence.
5. Histology: I developed a method, named Confocal Histology, which employs the fluorescent properties of Eosin Y together with a confocal microscopy analysis of 20 µm-thick mouse ovary histological sections, to define a topography of all the ovarian follicles, and to classify the enclosed oocytes according to their chromatin organisation.
In conclusion, this multi-step work serves as proof-of-concept and set sound bases for building a digital 3D functional Atlas of the mouse ovary. In the next future, I plan to use this pipeline not only for improving our understanding of folliculogenesis dynamics in the ovary under normal conditions, but also during ageing, in the presence of pathologies or hormones/drugs treatment.
12
Brunelli, Marcia Regina. "Avaliação da imagem digital em radiografias da articulação temporomandibular." [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288905.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Frab Norberto Boscolo<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-26T02:27:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Brunelli_MarciaRegina_D.pdf: 5289230 bytes, checksum: 88ac0c5766d4c6fb95e11e79164eaad3 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2000<br>Resumo: Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar, comparativamente, a imagem obtida por meio de três métodos radiográficos: radiografia transcraniana convencional, imagem digitalizada da radiografia convencional, e imagem digital direta. Para tanto foram utilizados 22 hemicrânios de cadáveres, os quais foram radiografados de forma padronizada com o auxilio de cefalostato específico para exames radiográficos da A TM. Posteriormente, foi injetado líquido de contraste no espaço articular, sendo novamente radiografados. As imagens obtidas foram submetidas à pontuação por seis examinadores que avaliaram as estruturas ósseas e espaço articular. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a tratamento estatístico, e os resultados analisados. Verificou-se que o Sistema Digital Digora apresentou os melhores resultados, havendo a possibilidade de visualização de disco articular, especialmente utilizando os recursos de Brilho/Contraste e Colorização. As imagens digitalizadas das radiografias convencionais mostraram-se superiores na verificação da anatomia das estruturas ósseas da A TM<br>Abstract: The purpose of the present study is to evaluate comparatively the image got by three radiographic methods: conventional transcranial radiography, digitized image of the conventional radiography and direct digital image. For that, 22 hemiheads cadaver were used, fixed in formaldehyde which were radiographed in standard way with the help of specific head holder to radiographic examinations of the TMJ. Later, contrast ;Iiquid was forced in the articular space being radiographed again. The achieved image were punctuated by six examiners who evaluated the osseous structures and the articular space. The final data were statiscally treated and the results were analyzed. It was verified that the Digora Digital System presented the best results with the possibility of visualizations of articular disc specially using the Brightness, and Contrast and Coloumess resources. The digitized images of the conventional radiographics revealed themselves of better quality in the examination of the anatomy of thà TMJ osseous structures<br>Doutorado<br>Doutor em Radiologia Odontológica
13
Kümmell, Susanna [Verfasser]. "Die Digiti der Synapsida: : Anatomie, Evolution und Konstruktionsmorphologie / Susanna Kümmell." Aachen : Shaker, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1124366261/34.
Full text
14
Nobile, Nino António. "Biblioteca digital 3D de huesos humanos: http://3danato.cim.unc.edu.ar." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/4813.
Full textAbstract:
Proyecto Integrador (I.Biom.)--FCEFN-UNC, 2016<br>Crea un sitio web con una base de datos de huesos humanos. Además se pretende dar comienzo a un trabajo mucho mayor, incluyendo el resto de los órganos y sistemas, sentando las bases y precedentes para la incorporación de las distintas estructuras normales y patológicas de la anatomía humana.
15
Roussey, Claire. "Étude multi-échelle des transferts couplés de liquide et d’oxygène à travers la barrique en chêne et les douelles." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST037.
Full textAbstract:
L’élevage des vins et spiritueux en barrique en chêne modifie leurs qualités organoleptiques par deux phénomènes principaux. D’une part, le bois libère des composés volatiles et non volatiles qui enrichissent la boisson, et, d’autre part, les propriétés du bois permettent une légère oxydation tout au long du vieillissement. Dans ce dernier cas, les modes de transfert d’oxygène ainsi que les facteurs limitants sont aujourd’hui peu connus alors qu’ils sont d’une grande importance dans la qualité du produit final. Cette thèse vise à mieux comprendre la dynamique des transferts d'oxygène dans le chêne, et ce, en présence du front d'imbibition du liquide dû au contact entre le contenu et la surface interne de la barrique. À cette fin, plusieurs montages expérimentaux originaux ont été développés.Dans un premier temps, à l’échelle macroscopique, 4 barriques instrumentées dans un chai ont permis d’étudier ces transferts en conditions réelles. Il se produit une perte de liquide au cours de l’élevage du vin, ce qui génère une dépression interne. Ainsi, à la diffusion d’oxygène à travers la barrique, s’ajoute un phénomène de percolation de l’air vers l’intérieur de la barrique à partir d’un certain seuil de dépression. Ce seuil de percolation peut être atteint lors de variations des conditions en humidité relative et en température du chai, ce qui est expliqué par le changement dimensionnel de la barrique. On constate des apports d’oxygène entre 10 et 100 µg/L par événement de percolation. Ces apports ne sont pas négligeables par rapport à la quantité d’oxygène que le vin reçoit durant son élevage.Dans un second temps, à l’échelle microscopique, chaque mécanisme est traité de façon découplée : diffusion d’oxygène d’une part et suivi du front d’imbibition d’autre part. La diffusion d’oxygène est étudiée pour le chêne sessile (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) et le chêne pédonculé (Quercus robur L.) de largeurs de cerne différentes grâce à un dispositif expérimental innovant. Un modèle numérique fondé sur la méthode des volumes finis est employé pour identifier le coefficient de diffusion. On constate une bonne représentation de la diffusion via la simulation. Ensuite, le suivi du front d’imbibition est réalisé par un système d’imagerie à rayons X sur des échantillons de merrains en contact avec de l’eau et de l’éthanol. Un algorithme de corrélation d’images non supervisé est développé pour suivre l’avancée du front de liquide, et ce sur plusieurs mois.Enfin, l’étude des transferts simultanés est réalisée en combinant les deux dernières expériences. On observe alors une forte diminution de la diffusion de l’oxygène avec l’avancée du front d’imbibition dans le bois. Ces résultats nous permettent de mieux appréhender la complexité de la dynamique des transferts d'oxygène lors du vieillissement des vins et spiritueux en barrique en chêne<br>The aging of wines and spirits in oak barrels modifies their organoleptic qualities by two main phenomena. Firstly, the wood releases volatile and non-volatile compounds that enrich the beverage, and secondly, the wood properties allow a slight oxidation throughout the aging process. In the latter case, the modes of oxygen transfer as well as the limiting factors are little known today, although they are of great importance in the quality of the final product. This thesis aims to provide a better understanding of the dynamics of oxygen transfer in oak, in the presence of the liquid impregnation front due to the contact between the liquid and the internal surface of the barrel. To this end, several original experimental set-ups have been developed.Initially, at the barrel scale, 4 instrumented barrels were placed in a cellar to study the transfers in real conditions. The loss of liquid during aging generates an internal underpressure. Thus, in addition to the diffusion of oxygen through the wood thickness, there is a phenomenon of air percolation towards the inside of the barrel from a certain threshold of the pressure gap. This percolation threshold can be reached during variations in relative humidity and temperature conditions in the cellar, which provoke dimensional changes of the barrel. Oxygen inputs between 10 and 100 µg/L per percolation event are observed. These contributions are not negligible compared to the quantity of oxygen that the wine receives during its aging.Secondly, at the stave scale, each mechanism is treated in a decoupled way: diffusion of oxygen on the one hand and monitoring of the imbibition front on the other. Oxygen diffusion is studied for sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) and pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) with various ring widths using an innovative experimental device. A numerical model based on the finite volume method is used to identify the diffusion coefficient. A good representation of the diffusion via simulation is observed. Next, the imbibition front is monitored by an X-ray imaging system on stave samples in contact with water and ethanol. An unsupervised image correlation algorithm is developed to monitor the progress of the liquid front over several months.Finally, the study of simultaneous transfers is carried out by combining the last two experiments. A strong decrease in oxygen diffusion is then observed with the advance of the imbibition front in the stave thickness. These results allowed us to better apprehend the complexity of the dynamics of oxygen transfer during the aging of wines and spirits in oak barrels
16
Gross, Heidi. "Utvärdering av bildkvalitet i digitala panoramaröntgenbilder, med och utan bildbehandling." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Odontologiska fakulteten (OD), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-19686.
Full textAbstract:
Studien utvärderade bildkvaliteten hos digitala panoramaröntgenbilder och korrelerade denna med synbarhet av normalanatomiska strukturer i bilderna. Studien undersökte även påverkan av subjektiv bildbehandling med avsikt att förbättra synbarheten av strukturerna.500 panoramaröntgenbilder (DICOM-format) framtagna med ett digitalt bildplattesystem utvärderades kvalitativt. Bildkvaliteten och synbarheten av utvalda normalanatomiska strukturer utvärderades i samtliga bilder. Bristande bildkvalitet medförde en subjektiv bildbehandling varefter en ny utvärdering gjordes.Enbart 10% av samtliga bilder var optimala. Felen bland de resterande bilderna dominerades av att patienten inte höll tungan mot gommen och positioneringsfel. Att patienterna ej höll tungan mot gommen påverkade i hög grad synbarheten av strukturer i maxilla. 80.5% (70 bilder) av alla bilder med horisontella positioneringsfel var till vänster, varav 8.6% (6 bilder) resulterade i en icke avbildad vänster käkled. Den mest effektiva kombinationen vid bildbehandling i studien visade sig vara en ökad kontrast och en minskad ljusstyrka vilket förbättrade bilder tagna utan tungan i gommen. Bilder med positioneringsfel var dock opåverkade av bildbehandling.
17
Brianezi, Gabrielli [UNESP]. "Desenvolvimento de um método de análise digital para o teste do cometa corado pela prata." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95843.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2011-02-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:36:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
brianezi_g_me_botfm.pdf: 2870031 bytes, checksum: 61bf38a3fd318eca76bd3e6eab217c9f (MD5)<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)<br>O teste do cometa é utilizado para estimativa de dano ao DNA nos protocolos de avaliação do risco toxicológico. É rápido, de baixo custo, de fácil realização, seguro e pode ser aplicado em diversos tecidos. Corantes fluorescentes são os mais empregados para o ensaio. É também descrita a utilização de sais de prata com vantagens operacionais, carecendo de sistemas automatizados validados para esta análise. Neste trabalho, desenvolveram-se dois algoritmos automatizados para a análise do cometa corado pela prata. Foram realizados ensaios do cometa para sete grupos com dois camundongos Balb/c machos cada, submetidos ao tratamento intraperitoneal com soro fisiológico (G1), e três doses crescentes de genotóxicos conhecidos: MNU (N-nitroso-N-metilurea) (G2 – 5 μg/g, G3 – 25 μg/g, G4 – 50 μg/g) e DEN (N-nitrosodietilamina) (G5 – 20 μg/g, G6 – 80 μg/g, G7 – 180 μg/g). As lâminas dos testes do cometa foram confeccionadas a partir do sangue total e coradas pela prata e SYBR Gold. As coradas pela prata foram analisados por três avaliadores e pelos algoritmos automatizados. Aqueles corados pela fluorescência foram analisados pelo software Comet IV®. Os avaliadores apresentaram alta correlação de suas estimativas. Os algoritmos se correlacionaram fortemente com a análise dos avaliadores, principalmente com os escores obtidos pela classificação visual. Houve alta concordância na avaliação da sua repetitividade. Os algoritmos apresentaram resultados semelhantes, não indicando superioridade entre si para a análise do teste. Todos os métodos avaliados se mostraram capazes de diferenciar as concentrações dos genotóxicos utilizados. Porém, os algoritmos desenvolvidos não apresentaram correlação com os resultados obtidos pelo sistema do teste do cometa corado pela fluorescência, sugerindo que os métodos de coloração discriminem diferentes estruturas...<br>The comet assay is used to estimate DNA damage in the protocols for toxicological risk assessment. It's fast, inexpensive, easily performed, safe and can be applied in most tissues. Fluorescent dyes are frequently used for testing. Silver salts have been reported with some operational advantages; however automated systems for its analysis were not sufficiently validated for this staining. In this study, we have developed two algorithms for automated analysis of the comet assay silver stained. The assay was performed for seven groups of two (Balb/c) mice each, treated with intraperitoneal saline (G1) and three different genotoxic doses: MNU (N-nitroso-N-methylurea) (G2 - 5 μg/g, G3 - 25 μg/g, G4 - 50 μg/g) and DEN (N-nitrosodiethylamina) (G5 - 20 μg/g, G6 - 80 μg/g, G7 - 180 μg/g). The slides of the comet assay were made with total blood and were stained with silver and SYBR Gold. The silver stained slides were analyzed by three evaluators and the automated algorithms. Those stained by fluorescence were analyzed through software Comet IV®. Evaluators showed high correlation of their estimates. Both algorithms were correlated strongly with the evaluators' analysis mainly on the scores obtained by visual classification. Moreover, their agreement was high when assessed by repetitivity. The algorithms showed similar results, demonstrating no superiority to each other for the analysis of the test. All methods evaluated proved able of differentiating genotoxic concentrations used. However, the algorithms were not correlated with the results obtained by the automated system of comet assay fluorescence stained, suggesting that the staining methods linkage different genomic structures or with different affinities. The automated algorithms developed proved valid for the direct analysis of comet assay silver stained, allowing their use in genotoxicity research
18
Prado, Durán Constanza. "La anatomía de las emociones : ensayos para la visualización de gráfica digital con herramientas de desarrollo e interfaz gestual." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/115505.
Full textAbstract:
Diseñador Gráfico<br>Este documento corresponde a una documentación de ensayos experimentados con
el dispositivo Kinect durante el segundo semestre del año 2012. La experimentación
consistió en el proceso de desarrollo de interfaces gráficas naturales (NUI) para el uso
de este dispositivo. Es así como este proyecto se manifiesta en dos formas: una, en la
actuación (performance visual) que exhibe un ejercicio con el dispositivo; y la segunda,
en ésta documentación del proceso de trabajo.
En este documento, los ejercicios se encuentran diferenciados por dos etapas de
proceso : “Experimento parte 1” y “Experimento parte 2”. Se diferencian así pues cada
una responde a distintos objetivos.
La primera parte está enfocada a familiarizarse con las herramientas de desarrollo
(IDES o entorno de programación) y la segunda, en el desarrollo de la performance y
todas las variables de montaje que implica su producción.
Para cada etapa de los ejercicios se realiza una sistematización de la información con el
fin de visualizar la evolución del trabajo. Todo esto realizado bajo mi punto de vista. Esto
fue parte de un desarrollo personal de trabajo.
El desarrollo de esta documentación va dirigida hacia las personas que se quieren
familiarizar con el uso del dispositivo Kinect, o que tengan algún tipo de interés en
introducirse a las IDES. La idea es ir reformulando, corrigiendo y mejorando el documento.
19
Brianezi, Gabrielli. "Desenvolvimento de um método de análise digital para o teste do cometa corado pela prata /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95843.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Hélio Amante Miot<br>Banca: Paula Helena Ortiz Lima<br>Banca: Marco Antonio Rodrigues Fernandes<br>Resumo: O teste do cometa é utilizado para estimativa de dano ao DNA nos protocolos de avaliação do risco toxicológico. É rápido, de baixo custo, de fácil realização, seguro e pode ser aplicado em diversos tecidos. Corantes fluorescentes são os mais empregados para o ensaio. É também descrita a utilização de sais de prata com vantagens operacionais, carecendo de sistemas automatizados validados para esta análise. Neste trabalho, desenvolveram-se dois algoritmos automatizados para a análise do cometa corado pela prata. Foram realizados ensaios do cometa para sete grupos com dois camundongos Balb/c machos cada, submetidos ao tratamento intraperitoneal com soro fisiológico (G1), e três doses crescentes de genotóxicos conhecidos: MNU (N-nitroso-N-metilurea) (G2 - 5 μg/g, G3 - 25 μg/g, G4 - 50 μg/g) e DEN (N-nitrosodietilamina) (G5 - 20 μg/g, G6 - 80 μg/g, G7 - 180 μg/g). As lâminas dos testes do cometa foram confeccionadas a partir do sangue total e coradas pela prata e SYBR Gold. As coradas pela prata foram analisados por três avaliadores e pelos algoritmos automatizados. Aqueles corados pela fluorescência foram analisados pelo software Comet IV®. Os avaliadores apresentaram alta correlação de suas estimativas. Os algoritmos se correlacionaram fortemente com a análise dos avaliadores, principalmente com os escores obtidos pela classificação visual. Houve alta concordância na avaliação da sua repetitividade. Os algoritmos apresentaram resultados semelhantes, não indicando superioridade entre si para a análise do teste. Todos os métodos avaliados se mostraram capazes de diferenciar as concentrações dos genotóxicos utilizados. Porém, os algoritmos desenvolvidos não apresentaram correlação com os resultados obtidos pelo sistema do teste do cometa corado pela fluorescência, sugerindo que os métodos de coloração discriminem diferentes estruturas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: The comet assay is used to estimate DNA damage in the protocols for toxicological risk assessment. It's fast, inexpensive, easily performed, safe and can be applied in most tissues. Fluorescent dyes are frequently used for testing. Silver salts have been reported with some operational advantages; however automated systems for its analysis were not sufficiently validated for this staining. In this study, we have developed two algorithms for automated analysis of the comet assay silver stained. The assay was performed for seven groups of two (Balb/c) mice each, treated with intraperitoneal saline (G1) and three different genotoxic doses: MNU (N-nitroso-N-methylurea) (G2 - 5 μg/g, G3 - 25 μg/g, G4 - 50 μg/g) and DEN (N-nitrosodiethylamina) (G5 - 20 μg/g, G6 - 80 μg/g, G7 - 180 μg/g). The slides of the comet assay were made with total blood and were stained with silver and SYBR Gold. The silver stained slides were analyzed by three evaluators and the automated algorithms. Those stained by fluorescence were analyzed through software Comet IV®. Evaluators showed high correlation of their estimates. Both algorithms were correlated strongly with the evaluators' analysis mainly on the scores obtained by visual classification. Moreover, their agreement was high when assessed by repetitivity. The algorithms showed similar results, demonstrating no superiority to each other for the analysis of the test. All methods evaluated proved able of differentiating genotoxic concentrations used. However, the algorithms were not correlated with the results obtained by the automated system of comet assay fluorescence stained, suggesting that the staining methods linkage different genomic structures or with different affinities. The automated algorithms developed proved valid for the direct analysis of comet assay silver stained, allowing their use in genotoxicity research<br>Mestre
20
Freitas, Sabrina Lucas Ribeiro de. "Estudo venográfico dos dígitos de bovinos jovens antes e após aplicação intrarruminal de oligofrutose." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6693.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2017-01-05T14:15:02Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
Dissertação - Sabrina Lucas Ribeiro de Freitas - 2015.pdf: 1727922 bytes, checksum: 3502487e7bd9da8dda2d7674ddde726a (MD5)
license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-01-06T09:24:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2
Dissertação - Sabrina Lucas Ribeiro de Freitas - 2015.pdf: 1727922 bytes, checksum: 3502487e7bd9da8dda2d7674ddde726a (MD5)
license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-06T09:24:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
Dissertação - Sabrina Lucas Ribeiro de Freitas - 2015.pdf: 1727922 bytes, checksum: 3502487e7bd9da8dda2d7674ddde726a (MD5)
license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2015-09-11<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>The real etiopathogeny of many digital diseases of cattle is still reason to many questions. It can´t be ignored that compromising perfusion and draining of digital vasculature have close relation with some disorders of the digit in this specie. Therefore, a solid knowledge on digital vasculature of the bovine can lead to better understanding of diseases like laminitis. This study intended to decribed venographic findings of the digits of young crossbred (Bos indicus X Bos taurus) cattle, before and after intrarruminal administration of oligofructose as na alternative to the study of laminitis etiopathogenesis a help the study of vascular anatomy of the digits. In the study was used seven crossbred (Bos indicus X Bos taurus) steers, non castrated, aging 12,6±0,9 months and weigthing 156±37,8 kg. Animals were sorted in two groups (GI and GII) receiving 13 and 17 g/kg respectively of intrarruminal oligofructose. Venography were done in the digit of cattle in five different moments, 15 days before (M0), 36 hours (M1), seven (M2), 15 (M3) and 30 (M4) days after intrarruminal administration of high fermentative carboidrate. Venography examination intended to evaluate topographic anatomy and possible vascular changes in the distal pelvic limb of the animals. Description of topographic anatomy was done based on radiographs obtained in all moments and to vascular changes in the distal limb was evaluated diferences among moments, having M0 as control. In the evaluation of vascular changes, main veins and regions like coronary corium were evaluated. Three veins were chosen to measurement of its diameter and data was analysed using ANOVA and T test at 5% significance level. Main veins and regions of coronary region, in diferente moments, were evaluated descriptively. Were identified changes in vascularization at diferente moments, like vasodilation 36 hours after oligofructose administration and vasoconstriction in the other moments, in the main veins and regions of coronary corium and bulbs. Animals from GII, changes were more accentuated. There was statistical difference for common digital dorsal III vein beteween M1 and M4 in each group, with dilation in M1 and constriction in M4. For the palmar branch to the digital cushion of medial digit the existing difference was between the groups in M4, with the constriction of the vein more accentuated in GII. It was concluded that venogtraphic exam of digits in pelvic limbs of young crossbred (Bos indicus X Bos taurus) cattle, examining before and after intrarruminal administration of oligofructose permited description of local vascular anatomy and identified changes compatible with laminits in this specie.<br>A etiopatogenia de várias doenças podais dos bovinos ainda é motivo de especulação. Mas não se pode ignorar que o comprometimento da irrigação e da drenagem sanguínea dos dígitos tem uma relação estreita com diversas alterações que acometem os dígitos dessa espécie animal. Portanto, o conhecimento sólido da vascularização da extremidade distal dos membros locomotores de bovinos pode nortear o entendimento de enfermidades como a laminite. Esse estudo objetivou descrever achados venográficos dos dígitos dos pés de bovinos jovens, mestiços (Bos indicus X Bos taurus), antes e após aplicação intrarruminal de oligofrutose como alternativas ao estudo da etiopatogenia da laminite e auxiliar no estudo da anatomia vascular dos dígitos. No estudo foram empregados, sete animais mestiços (Bos indicus X Bos taurus), inteiros, com 12,6±0,9 meses de idade e peso de 156±37,8 kg. Distribuiu-se por sorteio os animais em dois grupos (GI e GII) que receberam 13 e 17 g/kg de oligofrutose via intrarruminal, respectivamente. Realizou-se venografia dos dígitos dos bovinos, em cinco momentos distintos, sendo 15 dias antes (M0), 36 horas (M1), sete (M2), quinze (M3) e trinta (M4) dias após aplicação intrarruminal do carboidrato de alta fermentação. A venografia teve a finalidade de avaliar a anatomia topográfica e possíveis alterações vasculares da extremidade distal dos membros pélvicos destes animais. A descrição da anatomia topográfica foi realizada com base nas radiografias obtidas em todos os momentos. Para as alterações vasculares da extremidade distal avaliou-se as diferenças entre os momentos, tendo o M0 como controle. Nesta avaliação veias principais e regiões como a rede do cório coronário foram avaliadas. Escolheu-se três veias para proceder a mensuração dos seus diâmetros e analisá-los utilizando-se a Análise de Variância (ANOVA) e o Teste t, com nível de significância de 5%. As veias principais e da região do cório coronário, nos diferentes momentos, foram avaliados de forma descritiva. Identificaram-se alterações na vascularização nos diferentes momentos, como vasodilatação com 36 horas após aplicação de oligofrutose e vasoconstrição nos demais momentos, nas veias principais e das regiões do cório coronário e rede bulbar. Nos animais do GII as alterações foram mais acentuadas. Houve diferença estatística para a veia digital dorsal comum III entre M1 e M4 dentro de cada grupo, sendo que em M1 estava dilatada e M4 constrita. Para o ramo plantar para o coxim digital do dígito medial a diferença existente foi entre os grupos no momento M4, sendo a constrição desta veia mais acentuada no GII. Concluiu-se que o exame venográfico dos dígitos dos membros pélvicos de bovinos jovens, mestiços (Bos indicus X Bos taurus), realizado antes e após aplicação intrarruminal de oligofrutose possibilitou a descrição da anatomia vascular local e identificou alterações compatíveis com a laminite nessa espécie animal.
21
Oliveira, Wellington de. "Software para reconhecimento de espécies florestais a partir de imagens digitais de madeiras utilizando deep learning." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2018. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/3189.
Full textAbstract:
Classificar espécies florestais é um processo essencial para o correto manejo da madeira e controle florestal. Após o corte, perde-se muitas das características da espécie e a identificação torna-se uma tarefa bem mais difícil. Neste contexto, tornase necessário a análise anatômica da madeira, a qual é realizada por especialistas que conhecem muito bem as estruturas celulares presentes em cada espécie. Porém, tal metodologia aborda técnicas pouco automatizadas, tornando a atividade demorada e passível de erros. Estes fatores prejudicam o controle e tomada de decisões por parte dos órgãos ambientais. O uso de visão computacional é uma alternativa para o reconhecimento automatizado, pois permite a construção de modelos inteligentes que, a partir de imagens, são capazes de detectar características e realizar a classificação final. Existem algumas técnicas que são o estado da arte em Processamento Digital de Imagens e Inteligência Artificial, como por exemplo, as redes neurais convolucionais. Tais redes são técnicas de aprendizado profundo (Deep Learning) que consiste na construção de modelos a partir de dados brutos (imagens, áudios, etc.). Em outras palavras, utiliza-se o mínimo de pré-processamento nas imagens e, no processo de treinamento, estes modelos são capazes de aprender os filtros a serem aplicados para a extração das características. Desta forma, tal técnica abstrai muito da complexidade existente na fase de pré-processamento em abordagens tradicionais. Esta pesquisa aborda a realização de alguns experimentos utilizando técnicas tradicionais e experimentos utilizando redes neurais convolucionais (foco da pesquisa). Foram utilizadas duas bases, sendo uma composta por imagens macroscópicas e outra por imagens microscópicas, para as quais foram gerados três modelos: reconhecimento de escala, reconhecimento de espécies a partir imagens macroscópicas e reconhecimento a partir de imagens microscópicas. Os melhores modelos proporcionaram taxas de reconhecimento de 100% para a base de escala, 98,73% para a base macroscópica e 99,11% para a base microscópica, os quais superaram os resultados obtidos para as respectivas bases em pesquisas correlatas. Por fim, foi desenvolvido um software web como produto final, para o qual foram acoplados os três melhores modelos obtidos.<br>Classifying forest species is an essential process for the correct management of wood and forest control. After cutting off the trunk of the tree, many of the characteristics of the species are lost and identifying them becomes a much more difficult task. In this context, an anatomical analysis of the wood becomes necessary by specialists who know very well the cellular structures in each species. However, such methodology approaches few automated techniques, making it a delayed and error-prone activity. These factors undermine environmental control and decisionmaking. The use of computer vision is an alternative to automatic recognition, since it allows the development of intelligent models which, from images, are able to detect features and perform a final classification. There are some techniques that are state of the art in Digital Image Processing and Artificial Intelligence, such as, for example, convolutional neural networks. These networks are deep learning techniques that consists of creating models from raw data (images, audios, etc.). In this technique, the minimum preprocessing is used in the images and, in the training process, these models are able to learn the convolutional filters to be applied in feature extraction process. In this way, this technique abstracts a lot from the pre-processing complexity existing in traditional approaches. This research addresses some experiments using traditional techniques and experiments using convolutional neural networks (the focus of the research). Two original datasets were used, one including macroscopic images and the other including microscopic images, for which three models were created: scale recognition, species recognition from macroscopic images and species recognition from microscopic images. The best models provide 100% recognition rates for the scale dataset, 98.73% for the macroscopic datasetand 99.11% for the microscopic dataset, which they were better results than the ones obtained for the respective datasets in related researches. Finally, a web software was developed as a final product, using the three best models.
22
ISNALDI, EDOARDO. "Assessment of mammary adiposity in breast cancer using digital pathology." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1042261.
Full textAbstract:
L'obesità è un fattore di rischio significativo per molti tumori, compreso il carcinoma della mammella. I pazienti con carcinoma della mammella che sono sovrappeso o obesi hanno un aumentato rischio di recidiva e di mortalità correlata al tumore. Sebbene siano state proposte diverse ipotesi per descrivere i meccanismi biologici alla base dell’interazione tra obesità e carcinoma della mammella, i progressi nella comprensione del microambiente tumorale e del ruolo degli adipociti presenti in esso e della loro rilevanza per lo sviluppo e la progressione tumorale o per l'emergere di resistenze alle terapie sono ancora limitati.
Parallelamente alle importanti scoperte sull'obesità come fattore di rischio per diverse malattie e tipi di tumore, i ricercatori hanno iniziato a utilizzare la patologia digitale per caratterizzare il microambiente tumorale. Studi pionieristici hanno scoperto l'esistenza di un tipo particolare di adipociti chiamati adipociti associati al tumore presenti nel microambiente di tumori che crescono a stretto contatto con il tessuto adiposo. Nel momento in cui è stata scritta questa tesi, solo pochi studi con piccole coorti di pazienti e spesso, un numero limitato di adipociti analizzati, per lo più distanti dal tumore, hanno mostrato la rilevanza del tessuto adiposo e degli adipociti come componente del microambiente tumorale. Tuttavia, allo stato attuale manca ancora una conoscenza approfondita del ruolo degli adipociti nel carcinoma della mammella.
Lo studio presentato in questa tesi descrive le potenzialità della patologia digitale e fornisce una rappresentazione dello stato dell'arte sui software con algoritmi dedicati per la misurazione degli adipociti, con una attenzione per gli adipociti presenti nel microambiente di carcinomi mammari. Oltre a stabilire criteri istopatologici per l'analisi degli adipociti, i risultati presentati dimostrano che è possibile effettuare l'analisi degli adipociti associati al tumore come di quelli distanti, utilizzando un software di patologia digitale. Inoltre, abbiamo mostrato che gli adipociti associati al tumore sono più piccoli degli adipociti distanti, riflettendo il processo di delipidazione subito dagli stessi. Infine, l'indice di massa corporea del paziente è associato alle dimensioni degli adipociti distanti e associati al tumore, fornendo nuove prospettive per la valutazione dell'adiposità mammaria di un paziente.
I dati qui presentati, sono preliminari per un cambiamento diretto nella pratica clinica, ma forniscono i criteri per eseguire l'analisi degli adipociti su coorti più ampie di pazienti ed evidenziano l’importanza della valutazione del tessuto adiposo nella gestione del carcinoma della mammella.<br>Increased adiposity is a significant risk factor for many cancers, including breast cancer. Patients with breast cancer who are overweight or obese have an increased risk of recurrence, and breast cancer-related mortality. While several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the biological mechanisms that drive the obesity-breast cancer interconnections, progress in our understanding of the adipose tissue tumor microenvironment and its relevance to breast cancer initiation and progression or the emergence of resistance to therapy has been limited.
In parallel to major breakthroughs on the increased adiposity as risk factor for several diseases and cancers, researchers have begun to utilize digital pathology to characterize the tumor microenvironment in diverse types of adipose tissue-rich neoplasia. Pioneering studies have uncovered the existence of a peculiar type of adipocytes named cancer-associated adipocytes in the microenvironment of tumors that grow in close contact with adipose tissue. At the time this thesis was started, only a few studies with small cohorts of patients and often, a limited number of adipocytes analyzed, mostly distant from the tumor, have shown the importance of the adipose tissue tumor microenvironment. However, an in-depth knowledge was currently lacking for breast cancer.
The work presented here harnesses the strength of digital pathology and state of the art of adipocyte measurement tools to analyze adipocytes in the adipose tissue microenvironment of breast cancer. Beyond providing histopathological criteria for adipocyte analysis, these results suggest that the analysis of mammary cancer-associated adipocytes is feasible using image analysis software. Moreover, our analyses reveal that cancer-associated adipocytes are smaller than distant adipocytes, reflecting the delipidation process undergone by cancer-associated adipocytes. The body mass index of the patient is associated with the size of distant and cancer-associated adipocytes giving new insights in the evaluation of mammary adiposity of a patient.
The data presented here are too preliminary to derive practice-changing evidence but provide the basis for performing adipocyte analysis on larger number of patients and support the concept that the evaluation of adipose tissue should be taken into account in breast cancer management.
23
Júnior, Sérgio Nakazone. ""Avaliação comparativa da anatomia do desenvolvimento da articulação temporomandibular, por meio do uso de ressonância magnética, reconstrução digital e cortes histológicos"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23137/tde-06062005-154043/.
Full textAbstract:
No presente estudo realizou-se a avaliação da eficácia do exame de imagem por ressonância magnética (IRM) e de reconstruções digitais bi e tridimensionais da ATM, em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento. Foi criado um protocolo próprio de exame de IRM, o qual foi aplicado em embriões e fetos humanos, entre 22 a 160mm de comprimento céfalo-caudal (CRL), correspondendo da 7 a a 18 a semana de vida intra-uterina (IU). Em cada amostra foram realizadas duas seqüências de imagens sagitais da cabeça inteira, com distância de 1,0mm entre os cortes. Em seguida, as imagens foram intercaladas digitalmente, gerando uma seqüência de cortes de 0,5mm distância. Estas imagens foram importadas para um programa específico que realizou a reconstrução digital, criando modelos bi e tridimensionais. Para avaliar a formação e desenvolvimento das estruturas articulares de cada uma das amostras, foram realizados cortes histológicos da ATM. O exame histológico determinou o grau de maturação da ATM e a qualidade da matriz colágena presente. Os resultados demonstraram que o protocolo desenvolvido foi capaz de capturar e processar as imagens de IRM, principalmente após a 13 a semana de vida IU, em seu estágio de maturação articular. Os cortes histológicos comprovaram que, a partir desta fase, pode-se identificar melhor as estruturas articulares no exame de IRM devido a uma maior diferenciação celular e da matriz colágena, que passa de uma composição predominante de fibras colágenas tipo III para fibras do tipo I. A criação de modelos bi e tridimensionais mostrou ser uma ferramenta eficiente no diagnóstico do desenvolvimento facial, além de facilitar sua compreensão e aprendizado, embora ainda sejam necessários maiores avanços tecnológicos para a sua aplicação na formação das estruturas da ATM.<br>The present study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and bi and three-dimensional digital reconstructions of the TMJ in different stages of development, by the comparison with histological sections. A proper protocol of IRM examination was developed, which was applied in formalin-preserved human embryos and fetuses, ranging from 22 to 160mm of crown-rump length (CRL), between 7 and 18 weeks of intrauterine life (IU). Two sequences of sagital images of the entire head of each specimen were performed, with interslice gap of 1,0mm. Consequently, images were digitally intercalated, creating a slice sequence of 0,5mm of interslice gap. These images were imported to the MRIcro Ò program for bi and three-dimensional digital reconstruction. In order to evaluate the development of the articular structures of each one of the specimens, histological sections of the TMJ were obtained. The maturations degree and the quality of the collagen matrix of the TMJ were determined by the histological sections . The results showed that the developed protocol was capable of capture and process MR images, mainly in the articular maturation stage, after the 13 th week of IU. Histological findings also showed that articular structures are better identified in this stage by RMI examination. This can be explained due to an increase of cellular and collagen matrix differentiation, which undergoes conversion from collagen type III to type I. Bi and three-dimensional models seem to be an efficient tool for the diagnosis of facial development, facilitating its understanding and learning. Further studies and technological advances may be necessary for its application in TMJs structures in intrauterine period.
24
Ávila, Forero Juan Sebastián. "Implementación de tecnologías de diseño y fabricación digital aplicadas en la enseñanza de anatomía. Caso Estudio: Universidad El Bosque de Bogotá." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/122294.
Full textAbstract:
[ES] Los métodos de fabricación con tecnologías de escritorio, siendo la más reconocida la impresión 3D, han venido evolucionando rápidamente en los últimos años, haciendo que la tecnología se vuelva más accesible y tenga más aplicaciones gracias a entusiastas de la cultura "maker", siendo un campo que continúa desarrollándose y que se encuentra en un punto crucial para construir grandes proyectos con pocos recursos, al tener posibilidades infinitas de exploración. Esta tesis pretende mostrar a los lectores una aplicación exitosa de este ecosistema de creación basado en diseño, gestión y fabricación, así como su viabilidad y pertinencia aplicada en el campo de la enseñanza en áreas de la salud.
Específicamente en el desarrollo de simuladores con una mayor empatía emocional con los estudiantes, un mayor nivel de detalle anatómico en relación a la morfología y texturas de los pacientes reales, apoyados en las técnicas de modelado escultórico 3D. Siendo las tecnologías en diseño y fabricación digital, unas herramientas importantes para la personalización de modelos anatómicos y simuladores según el requerimiento de cada especialista y tipología de paciente, satisfaciendo las crecientes demandas de atención médica al proporcionar dispositivos de formación médica personalizada basados en las necesidades individuales.
Se presenta el flujo de trabajo para el diseño y la fabricación de órganos y/o simuladores utilizando diferentes tecnologías de uso común entre profesionales del diseño, con el fin de transmitir una experiencia de cómo abordar e integrar diferentes profesiones en trabajos basados en la gestión de proyectos de base tecnológica en una institución Universitaria.<br>[CAT] Els mètodes de fabricació amb tecnologies d'escriptori, sent la més reconeguda la impressió 3D, han vingut evolucionant ràpidament en els darrers anys, fent que la tecnologia es torni més accessible i tingui més aplicacions gràcies a entusiastes de la cultura maker, sent un camp que continua desenvolupant-se i que es troba en un punt crucial per construir grans projectes amb pocs recursos, en tenir possibilitats infinites d'exploració. Aquesta tesi pretén mostrar als lectors una aplicació reeixida d'aquest ecosistema de creació basat en disseny, gestió i fabricació, així com la seva viabilitat i pertinència aplicada en el camp d'ensenyament en àrees de la salut.
Específicament en el desenvolupament de simuladors amb una major empatia emocional amb els estudiants, un major nivell de detall anatòmic en relació a la morfologia i textures dels pacients reals recolzats en les tècniques de modelatge escultòric 3D. Sent les tecnologies en disseny i fabricació digital, unes eines importants per a la personalització de models anatòmics i simuladors segons la necessitat de cada especialista i tipologia de pacient, satisfent les creixents demandes d'atenció mèdica en proporcionar dispositius de formació mèdica personalitzada basats en les necessitats individuals.
Es presenta el flux de treball pel disseny i la fabricació d'òrgans i / o simuladors utilitzant diferents tecnologies d'ús comú entre professionals del disseny, per tal de transmetre una experiència de com abordar i integrar diferents professions en treballs basats en la gestió de projectes de base tecnològica en una institució universitária.<br>[EN] The manufacturing methods with desktop technologies have been evolving rapidly in the last years, making technology more accessible and with more applications thanks to the culture maker enthusiasts, being a field that is in continue development and is at a crucial point to build big projects with few resources having infinite exploration possibilities. This thesis aims to show readers a successful application of this creation ecosystem based on design, management and manufacturing, as well as its viability and relevance applied in the field of education in health areas.
Specifically in simulators development with greater emotional empathy with the students, a greater level of anatomical detail in relation to the morphology and textures of the real patients supported in 3D sculptural modeling techniques. Being the digital design and manufacturing technologies important tools for the customization of anatomical models and simulators according to the need of each specialist and patient type, satisfying the growing demands of medical care by providing personalized medical training devices based on individual needs.
The workflow for organs design and manufacture and / or simulators is presented using different technologies commonly used by design professionals, in order to transmit an experience of how to approach and integrate different professions in projects based on project management of technological base in a University institution.<br>Como profesor de tiempo completo de la Universidad El Bosque (UEB) en Bogotá, y adicionalmente, firmado un contrato de patrocinio del doctorado en curso en la Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, la titularidad de la investigación le pertenece a la UEB.<br>Ávila Forero, JS. (2019). Implementación de tecnologías de diseño y fabricación digital aplicadas en la enseñanza de anatomía. Caso Estudio: Universidad El Bosque de Bogotá [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/122294<br>TESIS
25
Sehn, Thilo [Verfasser]. "Zur klinischen Anatomie des Processus styloideus : eine morphometrische Studie auf der Grundlage der digitalen Volumentomographie / Thilo Sehn." Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1115817884/34.
Full text
26
Fêo, Haline Ballestero 1988. "Aspectos morfológicos e bioquímicos dos tendões calcanear e flexor digital superficial de frangos durante o envelhecimento." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317656.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Laurecir Gomes<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T16:34:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Feo_HalineBallestero_M.pdf: 2334519 bytes, checksum: be5f8302e40b51d83cebbead8c42e396 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2013<br>Resumo: O tendão calcanear e o tendão flexor digital superficial de frangos são estruturas adaptadas para resistir às forças de tensão geradas pelos músculos e transmitidas para os ossos. Em algumas regiões, estes tendões também suportam forças de compressão adicionais às de tensão. Durante o envelhecimento os tendões apresentam modificações nas regiões sujeitas à compressão e a tensão, com variações na composição da matriz extracelular, disposição de fibras de colágeno e celularidade, assim como em suas interações com outros componentes da matriz. O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar a organização estrutural e a composição da matriz extracelular das regiões submetidas à tensão e a tensão-compressão em diferentes idades (1 mês, 5 meses e 8 meses). O tendão calcanear e o tendão flexor digital superficial foram divididos em região proximal (tensão-compressão) e distal (tensão). Os resultados morfológicos, em ambos os tendões, mostraram presença de uma estrutura fibrocartilaginosa na região sujeita as forças de tensão-compressão. No tendão calcanear foi possível observar ainda, presença de um coxim gorduroso, que se acentuou com o passar da idade. Esse coxim funciona como um amortecedor, uma vez que essa região é muito requisitada durante a locomoção do animal. Já a região que recebe apenas forças de tensão apresentou alterações marcantes nos diferentes tendões em relação aos animais mais jovens. No tendão calcanear dos animais mais velhos, as fibras de colágeno estão mais compactadas exibindo poucas ondulações e células com núcleos alongados, enquanto que no tendão flexor digital superficial essa região apresentou-se com pontos de calcificação, de forma que essa morfologia pode indicar o início do estabelecimento de uma matriz óssea. Análises bioquímicas apresentaram, tanto no tendão calcanear como no tendão flexor digital superficial, aumento da atividade da MMP-2 e MMP-9 comparados aos animais mais jovens, em ambas as regiões, indicando um processo de remodelamento no tecido. No SDS-PAGE do tendão calcanear, componentes com migração eletroforética semelhante ao decorim e fibromodulim aumentaram com o avanço da idade, principalmente na região sujeita às forças de tensão, enquanto que no SDFT o decorim aparentemente diminuiu com o envelhecimento<br>Abstract: The calcaneal and the superficial digital flexor tendons of chickens are structures adapted to resist to tensile forces generated by the muscles and transmitted to the bones. In some regions, these tendons also support compressive forces additional to the tension forces. During aging tendons exhibit modifications in regions subjected to compression and tension forces, with variations in the composition of the extracellular matrix, arrangement of collagen fibers and cellularity, as well as in its interactions with other matrix components. The aim of this study was to analyze the structural organization and composition of the extracellular matrix regions subjected to tension and tension-compression forces at different ages (1 month, 5 months, 8 months old). The calcaneal and the superficial digital flexor tendons were divided into proximal (tension-compression) and distal (tension) regions. The morphological results, in both tendons, showed presence of a fibrocartilage structure in the region subject to the compression-tension forces. In the calcaneal tendon was also observed the presence of a fat pad, that increased with age. This structure act absorbing the mechanical impacts, once this region is required during the locomotion of the animal. The region that receives only tension forces had marked alterations in different tendons compared to younger animals. In the calcaneal tendon of older animals, the collagen fibers are more compact exhibiting few ondulations and cells with elongated nuclei, whereas in the superficial digital flexor tendon this region exhibit calcification points. This morphology may indicate the beginning of the establishment of a bone matrix. Biochemical analyzes showed in both tendons, increased activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 compared to younger animals, in both regions, indicating a remodeling process in the tissue. In SDS-PAGE of the calcaneal tendon, components with electrophoretic migration similar to decorin and fibromodulin increased with advanced age, especially in the area subject to tensile forces, whereas in the SDFT decorin apparently decreased with aging<br>Mestrado<br>Biologia Tecidual<br>Mestra em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
27
Pellicano, Pedro Ivo Molina. "Morfologia do plexo braquial e das extremidades digitais de Pipa carvalhoi, Miranda Ribeiro, 1937 (Amphibia, Anura, Pipidae)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2007. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/3056.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, 2007.<br>Submitted by Thaíza da Silva Santos (thaiza28@hotmail.com) on 2009-12-15T20:11:32Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
2007_PedroIvoMolinaPellicano_2.pdf: 26121547 bytes, checksum: 4c9e5b6c56118d1b089f7938cf1d3693 (MD5)
2007_PedroIvoMolinaPellicano_1.pdf: 13112854 bytes, checksum: e7d6d26ab6ffbf3347401a3203f62b16 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Daniel Ribeiro(daniel@bce.unb.br) on 2010-01-08T21:27:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2
2007_PedroIvoMolinaPellicano_2.pdf: 26121547 bytes, checksum: 4c9e5b6c56118d1b089f7938cf1d3693 (MD5)
2007_PedroIvoMolinaPellicano_1.pdf: 13112854 bytes, checksum: e7d6d26ab6ffbf3347401a3203f62b16 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2010-01-08T21:27:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
2007_PedroIvoMolinaPellicano_2.pdf: 26121547 bytes, checksum: 4c9e5b6c56118d1b089f7938cf1d3693 (MD5)
2007_PedroIvoMolinaPellicano_1.pdf: 13112854 bytes, checksum: e7d6d26ab6ffbf3347401a3203f62b16 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2007-06-29<br>Os anfíbios aquáticos trazem consigo uma grande variedade de órgãos sensoriais específicos para a captação de determinado tipo de estímulo. A mecanorrecepção, provida pelos neuromastos, ou órgãos de linha lateral, é a modalidade sensorial responsável pela captação de estímulos vibratórios na água, o que facilita a orientação e a localização de presas. A olfação possui grande importância na comunicação intraespecífica, assim como na localização de presas, que juntamente com a gustação está associada à seleção de alimentos. A quimiorrecepção também ocorre na pele, provavelmente por ação de receptores sensíveis a diferenças de salinidade ou em resposta a feromônios sexuais. Além destes mecanismos, a pele de anfíbios apresenta receptores cutâneos difusos, que respondem a estímulos térmicos, mecânicos, proprioceptivos e nocivos. Anuros do gênero Pipa apresentam na extremidade de seus dígitos estruturas hemisféricas, que sugerem ter alguma função sensorial. O presente trabalho teve por objetivos descrever a organização anatômica dos nervos que compõem o plexo braquial, a morfologia microscópica e ultra-estrutural das terminações distais dos dígitos e avaliar as respostas fisiológicas dessas estruturas a diferentes modalidades de estímulos físicos e químicos, utilizando-se como modelo a espécie Pipa carvalhoi. Os estudos anatômicos mostraram que a organização do plexo braquial de representantes de Pipidae se dá de forma diferente dos demais anuros, especialmente pelo fato do quarto nervo espinhal ser mais calibroso do que nos demais anuros. Esta diferença anatômica reflete uma maior participação de fibras sensoriais na composição desse nervo, o que se depreende pela expressiva inervação da pele, dos órgãos de linha lateral e das extremidades digitais. Alguns ramos do plexo braquial inervam, ainda, a musculatura axial e a musculatura apendicular desses animais. De fato, o repertório motor dos membros anteriores apresentado por pipídeos é considerado bastante simples e primitivo. As extremidades dos dígitos de P. carvalhoi são sustentadas por estruturas cartilaginosas. Quatro feixes de nervo chegam aos dígitos e se ramificam paralelamente quando atingem as papilas digitais. A extremidade distal apresenta terminações nervosas livres que não invadem o epitélio. A superfície das papilas é recoberta por células epiteliais queratinizadas, sem estruturas que indiquem a presença de microvilosidades, de células ou de um órgão sensorial, como os neuromastos. Os ensaios fisiológicos realizados não permitiram definir a natureza sensorial das papilas digitais. Estímulos de diversas naturezas não produziram respostas detectáveis no nervo braquial. O insucesso nestes experimentos pode estar relacionado ao fato do método empregado no presente trabalho ser inadequado para obter tal resposta. Embora as papilas digitais de Pipa sejam citadas na literatura, o presente trabalho foi a primeira tentativa de descrevê-las em seus aspectos morfológico e fisiológico. As características morfológicas e ultra-estruturais das papilas digitais e das fibras que as inervam sugerem que esta região desempenha percepção de estímulos térmicos e vibratórios. Isto pode ser bastante importante na percepção do meio, visto que estes animais passam a maior parte do tempo submersos e em contato com o substrato. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT<br>Aquatic anurans usually have a great diversity of stimuli-specific sensory organs. TheMechanoreceptionisthesensorymodalitywhichplaysanimportantroleonThe Mechanoreception is the sensory modality which plays an important role on orientation and prey detection. Thissenseisfulfilledbythelaterallineorgans,usuallyThis sense is fulfilled by the lateral line organs, usually called neuromasts, by which the animal can perceive small movements underwater. Chemoreception is played both by gustatory and olfactory organs. TheperceptionofThe perception of molecules under water is important for intraespecific communication, sexual selection and prey catching, as well as food selection. ThefrogskinalsodisplayschemoreceptiveThe frog skin also displays chemoreceptive responses to certain stimuli, as salinity gradients, sexual pheromones and nociceptive chemical damages, due mainly to its permeability and to the presence of putative chemoreceptors beneath the epidermis. Besides,thereareothersensesdistributedBesides, there are other senses distributed especially in the frog skin. ThedermisisinnervatedbydifferenttypesofnervefibersThe dermis is innervated by different types of nerve fibers that respond to thermal, proprioceptive, mechanical and nociceptive stimuli. There are hemispherical sensory-like structures on the finger tips of the frogs from the genus Pipa. ThepresentstudyaimedtodescribetheanatomicalorganizationofthenervesthatThe present study aimed to describe the anatomical organization of the nerves that compose the brachial plexus, the microscopic and ultra-structural morphology of the finger tips and also evaluate the physiological responses to physical and chemical stimuli on these structures, using Pipa carvalhoi as a model species. AnatomicalobservationsshowedthatthebrachialplexusisdisplayeddifferentlyAnatomical observations showed that the brachial plexus is displayed differently in pipid frogs. The spinal nerve 4 is thicker and participates more effectively in the plexus, when compared to other anurans. This anatomical peculiarity suggests a major participation of sensorial fibers on the composition of this nerve, due to the significant innervation of the skin, lateral line organs and finger tips. Some branches of the brachial plexus innervate axial and appendicular musculature. Actually, the forearm motor repertory displayed by pipid frogs is considered simple and relatively primitive. The finger tips of Pipa carvalhoi are supported by cartilaginous star-like structures. Four bundles of nerve fibers reach the digits and spread in parallel smaller bundles as they reach the digital buds. TherearefreenerveendingsrestrictedinthedermisinthetopofThere are free nerve endings restricted in the dermis in the top of each digital bud. The surface of the buds is covered by smooth queratinized epidermal cells. There is no evidence of structures on it that indicate the presence of a discrete sensorial organ, not even specific sensorial ciliated cells. The physiological experiments did not suit the purpose of defining the sensorial modality of the digital buds. No stimulus has produced any detectable response in the brachial nerve. The failure of these experiments might be related with the fact that the method applied in the present study was totally inadequate to obtain this kind of response. The digital buds of Pipa are cited on literature. �However,thepresentstudywasHowever, the present study was the first attempt to give them a morphological and physiological description. The ultra-structural and morphological characteristics of the digital buds, as well as the nerve fibers that innervate them, suggest that this structure respond to thermical and vibratory stimuli, which might be very important for these animals when perceiving its surrounding environment, for they spend most of their daytime laying on the substratum beneath water ponds.
28
Chamorro, Torres Kevin Brayan. "Identificación de las características topográficas de la arteria alveolar posterior superior en su recorrido por el maxilar. Evaluación mediante tomografía digital Cone Beam." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/11307.
Full textAbstract:
La arteria alveolar posterior superior (AAPS) se sitúa en un área de frecuente abordaje quirúrgico, como Elevación de piso sinusal, Caldwell-Luc, cirugía periapical, fracturas, osteotomías Le Fort tipo I-II, implantes cigomáticos, corticotomías y colocación de minitornillos. El trauma o el seccionamiento arterial pueden comprometer el éxito de la cirugía, por ende, el conocimiento de la anatomía es de suma importancia para evitar complicaciones durante y después de la operación. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar las características topográficas de la arteria en su recorrido por el maxilar y determinar potenciales relevancias clínicas asociadas al sexo y la edad mediante el uso de Tomografías Digitales Cone Beam. El estudio fue descriptivo, observacional, transversal y retrospectivo. Se evaluaron 280 hemimaxilas, realizando mediciones en cortes coronales de segunda premolar, primera y segunda molar maxilar. La ubicación arterial más frecuente fue intraóseo (51.42%). El diámetro medio fue 1.00 ± 0.24mm, fue mayor en zona de 1M y en el sexo masculino. El grosor de la pared lateral del maxilar fue mayor en zona de 1M (1.96mm) y en el sexo masculino. La distancia de la arteria al piso sinusal fue mayor en zona de 2M (7.82mm) y en el sexo masculino. La distancia de la arteria a la pared medial del seno fue mayor en zona de 1M (15.34mm) y menor en zona de 2PM (9.82mm), siendo mayor en el sexo masculino. La distancia de la arteria a la UCA fue 21.2mm, 18.5mm, 19.4mm en zonas de 2PM, 1M y 2M respectivamente. El sexo femenino presentó distancias más cortas.<br>Tesis
29
Galichon, Valérie. "Etude de la structure trabéculaire interne de l'ilium des premiers hominidés d'Afrique du Sud : analyse d'images digitales." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MNHN0013.
Full text
30
Balbach, Lena [Verfasser], and Jochen [Akademischer Betreuer] Werner. "Analyse der radiologischen Anatomie der unteren Nasenmuschel in Relation zum Nasenseptum und der Nasenhaupthöhle mittels digitaler Volumentomographie / Lena Balbach. Betreuer: Jochen Werner." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1021498912/34.
Full text
31
Campos, Carlos Frederico Ferreira. "Desenvolvimento de técnica de análise de imagens digitais para avaliação do estágio da fibrose em biópsias hepáticas de pacientes portadores de hepatite crônica por vírus da hepatite B e C." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3056.
Full textAbstract:
As hepatites crônicas por vírus são as mais frequentes, destacando-se os vírus das hepatites B (VHB) e C (VHC). O estudo anatomopatológico da biópsia hepática é considerado o padrão ouro para avaliar com precisão a distorção
arquitetural e o grau de fibrose do parênquima do fígado, importantes fatores prognósticos para os pacientes portadores de hepatites crônicas virais. Na avaliação
histopatológica atual, em adição aos relatos subjetivos das alterações histológicas, escores semiquantitativos que correlacionam achados morfológicos com graus numéricos são usados, tais como os reconhecidos escores de Ishak e METAVIR. Entretanto, em todos estes sistemas há a desvantagem da subjetividade do examinador e da incorporação de alterações categóricas, sem referências às
mudanças quantitativas do colágeno hepático. Técnicas de análise de imagens digitais (AID) que fornecem quantificação objetiva dos graus de fibrose em amostras histológicas têm sido desenvolvidas. Todavia, o alto custo e dificuldade ao acesso das tecnologias descritas restringem seu uso a poucos centros especializados. Este estudo visa o desenvolvimento de uma técnica de custo acessível para a análise de imagens digitais da fibrose hepática em hepatites crônicas virais. Foram estudadas 304 biópsias de pacientes com hepatite crônica por vírus B e C, obtidas através de agulhas Menghini. Todas as amostras tinham pelo menos 15 mm de comprimento ou cinco espaços-porta completos e foram coradas pelo método Tricrômico de Masson. O estadiamento foi feito por um único hepatopatologista experiente, sem o
conhecimento dos dados clínicos dos pacientes. Os escores de Ishak e METAVIR foram aplicados. As imagens microscópicas foram digitalizadas. Os índices de fibrose foram determinados de forma automatizada, em técnica desenvolvida no programa Adobe Photoshop. Para o escore de Ishak, observamos os seguintes índices de Fibrose (IF) médios: 0,8% 0,0 (estágio 0), 2.4% 0,6 (estágio 1), 4,7% 1,6 (estágio 2), 7,4% 1,4 (estágio 3), 14,9% 3,7 (estágio 4), 23,4% 2,9 (estágio 5) e 34,5% 1,5 (estágio 6). Para a classificação METAVIR: 0,8% 0,1 (estágio F0), 3,8% 1,8 (estágio F1), 7,4% 1,4 (estágio F2), 20,4% 5,2 (estágio F3) e 34,5% 1,5 (estágio F4). Observamos uma excelente correlação entre os índices de fibrose da AID e os escores de Ishak (r=0,94; p<0,001) e METAVIR (r=0,92; p<0,001). Em relação à indicação de tratamento antiviral, foi observado IF médio de 16,4%. Em relação ao diagnóstico de cirrose, foi observado IF médio de 26,9%, para o escore de Ishak, e 34,5% para a classificação METAVIR. A reprodutibilidade intra-observador foi excelente. Este novo método de análise de imagens digitais para a quantificação de fibrose hepática tem custo acessível e foi
desenvolvido com tecnologia que está disponível em todo o mundo, permitindo identificar com precisão todos os estágios de fibrose, com excelente reprodutibilidade intra-observador.<br>The hepatitis caused by viruses are the most frequent, principally the virus B (HBV) and C (HCV) hepatitis. The anatomopathologic study of the liver biopsy is considered the gold standard for the evaluation of architectural distortion and degree o fibrosis of the livers parenchyma, important prognostic factors for the patients with chronic viral hepatitis. In the actual histopathological evaluation, in addition to subjective reports of histological alterations, semiquantitative scores that correlate morphological findings with numeric degrees are used, such as the renowned Ishak and METAVIR scores. However, in all of these systems there is the disadvantage of the subjectiveness of the examinator and the incorporation of categorical description of architectural changes without reference to quantitative changes in liver collagen. Digital Image Analysis techniques (DIA) that provide objective quantification of the degrees of liver fibrosis in histological samples have been developed. But the high cost and worldwide unavailability of the technologies described restrained their use to a few specialized centers. This study aims at developing an affordable technique for livers fibrosis DIA in chronic viral hepatitis. Three hundred and four core needle biopsies obtained by Menghini needles from patients with virus B and virus C hepatitis were studied. All samples had at least 15 mm in length or five complete portal tracts and were stained with the Massons Trichrome Method. The staging by Ishaks and METAVIRs scores was done by a single experienced hepatopathologist, without the knowledge patients clinical data. The microscopic images were digitalized. The fibrosis indexes were calculated in an automated way by a new technique developed in the Adobe Photoshop software. For the Ishak score the following median Fibrosis Indexes (FI) were observed: 0,8% 0,0 (stage 0), 2.4% 0,6 (stage 1), 4,7% 1,6 (stage 2), 7,4% 1.4 (stage 3), 14,9% 3.7 (stage 4), 23,4% 2.9 (stage 5) e 34,5% 1,5 (stage 6). For the METAVIR classification: 0,8% 0,1 (stage F0), 3,8% 1.8 (stage F1), 7,4% 1.4 (stage F2), 20,4% 5,2 (stage F3) e 34,5% 1,5 (stage F4). We found an excellent correlation between the DIA fibrosis indexes and the Ishaks (r=0.94; p<0.001) and METAVIR (r=0.92; p<0.001) stages. In relation to the indication for antiviral treatment, the mean FI observed was 16.4% for both classifications. In relation to cirrhosiss diagnosis, the mean FI observed was 26.9% for Ishaks score, and 34.5% for METAVIRs classification. There was excellent intraobserver reproducibility. This new method of digital image analysis for liver fibrosis quantification is affordable and was developed using technology that is available worldwide, allowing the precise identification of all the stages of fibrosis in the group of patients studied, with excellent intraobserver reproducibility.
32
López, Pablo Carlos. "Development of a new automated method for the quantification of nuclear immunohistochemical markers." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8893.
Full textAbstract:
Antecedentes: La evaluación de marcadores inmunohistoquímicos se realiza con fines diagnósticos, terapéuticos e investigadores de forma manual. La utilización del análisis informatizado de imágenes digitales para evaluar estos marcadores aún no es suficientemente eficaz. <br/>Objetivos: Diseñar un nuevo procedimiento informatizado para cuantificar marcadores inmunohistoquímicos nucleares y evaluar los efectos de la compresión de imágenes. <br/>Métodos: El procedimiento desarrollado consta de diferentes etapas, donde se evalúan diferentes marcadores immunohistoquímicos utilizados en cáncer de mama y en linfoma. <br/>Resultados: El análisis estadístico demostró una gran validez del método automatizado. La redondez fue el único parámetro morfológico afectado por la compresión. Unos factores correctores fueron desarrollados para corregir esta afectación y la variabilidad en la cuantificación producida por esta afectación. <br/>Conclusiones: Este nuevo procedimiento automatizado es un método objetivo, más rápido y reproducible que tiene un excelente nivel de precisión, incluso con imágenes digitales de elevada complejidad y también en imágenes comprimidas. <br/>Background: The evaluation of immunohistochemical markers is carried out manually for diagnostic, therapeutic and research purposes. The use of a computerized digital image analysis to evaluate these markers is not sufficiently effective yet.<br/><br/>Objectives: To design a new computerized procedure to quantify nuclear immunohistochemical markers and evaluate the effects of image compression.<br/><br/>Methods: The procedure developed consists of several stages which evaluate different immunohistochemical markers used in breast cancer and lymphoma.<br/><br/>Results: Statistical analysis demonstrated a high validity of the automated method. The roundness was the only morphological parameter affected by compression. Some correction factors were developed to correct this disorder and the variability in the measurement caused by this disorder.<br/><br/>Conclusions: This new automated process is objective, faster and it has also an excellent level of accuracy, even with highly complex digital images and compressed images.
33
Ehlert, Anja. "Röntgenanatomische und querschnittsanatomische Untersuchungen unter Berücksichtigung magnetresonanztomographischer Befunde an der Hintergliedmaße des Rindes." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:15-2006101218.
Full textAbstract:
An acht isolierten Hinterbeinen gliedmaßengesunder Rinder wurden röntgen- und querschnittsanatomische Untersuchungen des Tarsus, Metatarsus und der Phalangen durchgeführt. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Tierarten gab es bisher für das Rind noch keine Erkenntnisse zur Interpretation von MRT-Befunden. Zur besseren Orientierung werden magnetresonanztomographische und anatomische Schnitte gegenübergestellt und bewertet. Es sind 23 transversale Ebenen in T1-gewichteten Sequenzen beschrieben worden. Die röntgenanatomischen Untersuchungen erfolgten immer in den beiden Standardebenen und für Sprunggelenk und Zehe zusätzlich in zwei schrägen Aufnahmerichtungen. Mit den Untersuchungen wurde nachgewiesen, dass die verwendeten Röntgenrichtungen für eine umfassende Darstellung von Knochen und Gelenken geeignet sind. Durch die verschiedenen Aufnahmerichtungen konnten die meisten Bereiche überlagerungsfrei herausprojiziert und der Beurteilung zugänglich gemacht werden. Fast alle anatomischen Strukturen wurden in der MRT-Untersuchung dargestellt und voneinander differenziert. Über den direkten Vergleich zum anatomischen Sägeschnitt zeichneten sich die MRT-Befunde durch einen sehr hohen Informationsgehalt aus. Das Magic Angle Phänomen konnte im Bereich von Sehnen und Bändern nachgewiesen werden. Die Aufzweigungen des Ramus profundus des N. plantaris lateralis konnten im Rahmen dieser Untersuchung bis in den mittleren Metatarsusbereich nachgewiesen werden. Sie sind bei anderen Tierarten als Nn. metatarsei plantares in der Nomenklatur zu finden. Ausgehend von einer sehr umfangreichen Literaturauswertung erfolgte eine umfassende Zusammenstellung des Erkenntnisstandes unter anatomischen und orthopädischen Gesichtspunkten. Die dabei zusammengetragenen Ergebnisse bilden eine entscheidende Grundlage für die Auswertung und Interpretation von Befunden der Hintergliedmaße des Rindes mit Hilfe der bildgebenden Diagnostik<br>The study was based on the evaluation of eight hindlimbs from animals free from orthopedic disease. The tarsus, metatarsus and phalanges were examined radiographically and by MRI to characterize anatomical structures. Twenty-three transverse MRI sections of each limb were collected using T1 weighted images. Corresponding MRI and cross-section anatomical preparations were compared to optimize understanding of structural features. In addition to standard 0° and 90° views of the hindlimbs, oblique views of the tarsus and phalanges were made. Comparison of photographs and images was satifactory for the evaluation of bony structures without superimposition in most cases. MRI examination resulted in visualization and differentiation of tissues in almost every situation. The magic angle phenomenon was observed in areas of tendons and ligaments. The terminal branches of the R. profundus of the N. plantaris lateralis were discernable to the level of the middle of the metatarsus. These branches are described in other species as the Nn. metatarsei plantares. This work was undertaken to document anatomical findings and relationships which may be used as a resource for interpretation of images obtained from the hindlimbs of cattle using various diagnostic imaging modalities
34
Cadena, Moreano José Augusto. "Técnica eficiente para reconocimiento facial global utilizando wavelets y máquinas de vectores de soporte en imágenes 3D." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/16552.
Full textAbstract:
La presente investigación se desarrolla en el marco de
los sistemas de reconocimiento facial automático de imágenes, que consisten en
procesar las imágenes de caras de personas utilizando métodos estadísticos y
matemáticos de extracción de características y de clasificación de imágenes, para
conocer si un individuo se encuentra en una determinada clase, y finalmente hallar su
identidad. El tratamiento automático de una cara es complicado, debido a que se
presenta varios factores que le afectan, como la posición de la cara, la expresión, la
edad, la raza, el tipo de iluminación, el ruido, y objetos como lentes, sombrero, barba
entre otros. El procesamiento se realiza de forma global, en donde se procesa toda la
cara. Se sabe que procesar las imágenes de manera global es más rápido, práctico y
fiable que las basadas en rasgos. Además, se conoce que procesar imágenes en tres
dimensiones es más real y consistente que en dos dimensiones. El principal objetivo
de la tesis que se propuso fue desarrollar una técnica eficiente de reconocimiento facial
con rasgos globales, y con imágenes en tres dimensiones. Para ello, se seleccionó los
algoritmos más eficientes para extracción de características, filtros de Gabor, y el
algoritmo para clasificación, máquina de vectores de soporte (SVM). Este último
algoritmo, su eficiencia varía de acuerdo a la función núcleo o kernel, por ello en esta
tesis se trabajaron con tres kernel: líneal, gauseano y cúbico. Estos sistemas constan
de dos procesos necesarios: 1) Entrenamiento, y 2) Pruebas. Lo que permitió establecer
un modelo de reconocimiento facial global para dos y tres dimensiones
respectivamente. La técnica fue procesada primero para imágenes 2D, luego para
imágenes 3D. Y se utilizó el método de validación cruzada en ambos casos para
aprobarlo. Los mejores resultados obtenidos con la técnica alcanzada son 96% de
eficiencia con base de datos de imágenes de dos dimensiones; y 98,4% con base de
datos de imágenes de tres dimensiones. Finalmente, se hace una comparación de los
resultados alcanzados con otros trabajos de investigación similares, obteniéndose
mayor eficiencia con este trabajo.
35
Monnien, Franck. "Biomarqueurs histopronostiques de l'adénocarcinome canalaire du pancréas : évaluation d’un panel immunohistochimique intégrant les trois compartiments tumoraux épithéliaux, fibroblastiques et immunitaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCE021.
Full textAbstract:
La recherche d’abords thérapeutiques innovants est particulièrement d’actualité dans l’adénocarcinome canalaire du pancréas (ACP) tant le pronostic de ce cancer, dont l’incidence augmente, reste redoutable. Une des voies d’exploration réside dans la compréhension des mécanismes entrainant l’importante réaction stromale habituellement constatée dans l’ACP et prédisant la résistance à la chimiothérapie. Cette réorganisation tissulaire ou desmoplasie, résulte de l’activation de cellules normales présentes dans le tissu conjonctif de l’organe touché par les cellules tumorales d’origine épithéliale. Se développe ainsi un terreau fertile pour l’expansion des cellules cancéreuses, dont les fibroblastes activés sont un des acteurs prépondérants. Afin de mieux appréhender les interactions entre ces fibroblastes associés au cancer (CAF), les cellules tumorales et le reste du microenvironnement tumoral, l’étude de leur(s) mode(s) d’activation apparaît comme un préalable et pourrait permettre une stratification des patients dans leur orientation thérapeutique. L’identification d’un panel d’anticorps pertinent utilisable in situ en immunohistochimie (IHC) est donc un des enjeux pour la prise en charge future des patients atteints d’ACP et constitue l’objectif de ce travail<br>The search for innovative therapeutic approaches is particularly topical in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), as its prognosis remains daunting. One of the avenues of exploration lies in the understanding of the mechanisms leading to the important stromal reaction usually observed in PDAC predicting resistance to chemotherapy. This tissue reorganization or desmoplasia results from the activation of normal cells present in the connective tissue of the organ affected by tumor cells of epithelial origin. A fertile breeding ground for the expansion of cancer cells develops, of which activated fibroblasts are one of the most important players. In order to better understand the interactions between these cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), tumor cells and the rest of the tumor microenvironment, their characterization appears as a prerequisite and could allow stratification of patients in their therapeutic orientation. The identification of a relevant antibody panel that can be used in situ in immunohistochemistry (IHC) is therefore an issue for the future management of patients with PDAC and is the objective of this work
36
Fenollosa, Artés Felip. "Contribució a l'estudi de la impressió 3D per a la fabricació de models per facilitar l'assaig d'operacions quirúrgiques de tumors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667421.
Full textAbstract:
La present tesi doctoral s’ha centrat en el repte d’aconseguir, mitjançant Fabricació Additiva (FA), models per a assaig quirúrgic, sota la premissa que els equips per fer-los haurien de ser accessibles a l’àmbit hospitalari. L’objectiu és facilitar l’extensió de l’ús dels prototips com a eina de preparació d’operacions quirúrgiques, transformant la pràctica mèdica actual de la mateixa manera que en el seu moment ho van fer tecnologies com les que van facilitar l’ús de radiografies. El motiu d’utilitzar FA, en lloc de tecnologies més tradicionals, és la seva capacitat de materialitzar de forma directa les dades digitals obtingudes de l’anatomia del pacient mitjançant sistemes d’escanejat tridimensional, fent possible l’obtenció de models personalitzats. Els resultats es centren en la generació de nou coneixement sobre com aconseguir equipaments d’impressió 3D multimaterials accessibles que permetin l’obtenció de models mimètics respecte als teixits vius. Per facilitar aquesta buscada extensió de la tecnologia, s’ha focalitzat en les tecnologies de codi obert com la Fabricació per Filament Fos (FFF) i similars basades en líquids catalitzables. La recerca s’alinea dins l’activitat de desenvolupament de la FA al CIM UPC, i en aquest àmbit concret amb la col·laboració amb l’Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona (HSJD). El primer bloc de la tesi inclou la descripció de l’estat de l’art, detallant les tecnologies existents i la seva aplicació a l’entorn mèdic. S’han establert per primer cop unes bases de caracterització dels teixits vius -sobretot tous- per donar suport a la selecció de materials que els puguin mimetitzar en un procés de FA, a efectes de millorar l’experiència d’assaig dels cirurgians. El caràcter rígid dels materials majoritàriament usats en impressió 3D els fa poc útils per simular tumors i altres referències anatòmiques. De forma successiva, es tracten paràmetres com la densitat, la viscoelasticitat, la caracterització dels materials tous a la indústria, l’estudi del mòdul elàstic de teixits tous i vasos, la duresa d’aquests, i requeriments com l’esterilització dels models. El segon bloc comença explorant la impressió 3D mitjançant FFF. Es classifiquen les variants del procés des del punt de vista de la multimaterialitat, essencial per fer models d’assaig quirúrgic, diferenciant entre solucions multibroquet i de barreja al capçal. S’ha inclòs l’estudi de materials (filaments i líquids) que serien més útils per mimetitzar teixits tous. Es constata com en els líquids, en comparació amb els filaments, la complexitat del treball en processos de FA és més elevada, i es determinen formes d’imprimir materials molt tous. Per acabar, s’exposen sis casos reals de col·laboració amb l’HJSD, una selecció d’aquells en els que el doctorand ha intervingut en els darrers anys. L’origen es troba en la dificultat de l’abordatge d’operacions de resecció de tumors infantils com el neuroblastoma, i a la iniciativa del Dr. Lucas Krauel. Finalment, el Bloc 3 té per objecte explorar nombrosos conceptes (fins a 8), activitat completada al llarg dels darrers cinc anys amb el suport dels mitjans del CIM UPC i de l’activitat associada a treballs finals d’estudis d’estudiants de la UPC, arribant-se a materialitzar equipaments experimentals per validar-los. La recerca ampla i sistemàtica al respecte fa que s’estigui més a prop de disposar d’una solució d’impressió 3D multimaterial de sobretaula. Es determina que la millor via de progrés és la de disposar d’una pluralitat de capçals independents a fi de capacitar la impressora 3D per integrar diversos conceptes estudiats, materialitzant-se una possible solució. Cloent la tesi, es planteja com seria un equipament d’impressió 3D per a models d’assaig quirúrgic, a fi de servir de base per a futurs desenvolupaments.<br>La presente tesis doctoral se ha centrado en el reto de conseguir, mediante Fabricación
Aditiva (FA), modelos para ensayo quirúrgico, bajo la premisa que los equipos para
obtenerlos tendrían que ser accesibles al ámbito hospitalario. El objetivo es facilitar la
extensión del uso de modelos como herramienta de preparación de operaciones
quirúrgicas, transformando la práctica médica actual de la misma manera que, en su
momento, lo hicieron tecnologías como las que facilitaron el uso de radiografías. El
motivo de utilizar FA, en lugar de tecnologías más tradicionales, es su capacidad de
materializar de forma directa los datos digitales obtenidos de la anatomía del paciente
mediante sistemas de escaneado tridimensional, haciendo posible la obtención de
modelos personalizados.
Los resultados se centran en la generación de nuevo conocimiento para conseguir
equipamientos de impresión 3D multimateriales accesibles que permitan la obtención de
modelos miméticos respecto a los tejidos vivos. Para facilitar la buscada extensión de la
tecnología, se ha focalizado en las tecnologías de código abierto como la Fabricación
por Hilo Fundido (FFF) y similares basadas en líquidos catalizables. Esta investigación
se alinea dentro de la actividad de desarrollo de la FA en el CIM UPC, y en este ámbito
concreto con la colaboración con el Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona (HSJD).
El primer bloque de la tesis incluye la descripción del estado del arte, detallando las
tecnologías existentes y su aplicación al entorno médico. Se han establecido por primera
vez unas bases de caracterización de los tejidos vivos – principalmente blandos – para
dar apoyo a la selección de materiales que los puedan mimetizar en un proceso de FA, a
efectos de mejorar la experiencia de ensayo de los cirujanos. El carácter rígido de los
materiales mayoritariamente usados en impresión 3D los hace poco útiles para simular
tumores y otras referencias anatómicas. De forma sucesiva, se tratan parámetros como
la densidad, la viscoelasticidad, la caracterización de materiales blandos en la industria,
el estudio del módulo elástico de tejidos blandos y vasos, la dureza de los mismos, y
requerimientos como la esterilización de los modelos.
El segundo bloque empieza explorando la impresión 3D mediante FFF. Se clasifican las
variantes del proceso desde el punto de vista de la multimaterialidad, esencial para hacer
modelos de ensayo quirúrgico, diferenciando entre soluciones multiboquilla y de mezcla
en el cabezal. Se ha incluido el estudio de materiales (filamentos y líquidos) que serían
más útiles para mimetizar tejidos blandos. Se constata como en los líquidos, en
comparación con los filamentos, la complejidad del trabajo en procesos de FA es más
elevada, y se determinan formas de imprimir materiales muy blandos. Para acabar, se
exponen seis casos reales de colaboración con el HJSD, una selección de aquellos en los
que el doctorando ha intervenido en los últimos años. El origen se encuentra en la
dificultad del abordaje de operaciones de resección de tumores infantiles como el
neuroblastoma, y en la iniciativa del Dr. Lucas Krauel.
Finalmente, el Bloque 3 desarrolla numerosos conceptos (hasta 8), actividad completada a lo largo de los últimos cinco años con el apoyo de los medios del CIM UPC y de la actividad asociada a trabajos finales de estudios de estudiantes de la UPC, llegándose a materializar equipamientos experimentales para validarlos. La investigación amplia y sistemática al respecto hace que se esté más cerca de disponer de una solución de impresión 3D multimaterial de sobremesa. Se determina que la mejor vía de progreso es la de disponer de una pluralidad de cabezales independientes, a fin de capacitar la impresora 3D para integrar diversos conceptos estudiados, materializándose una posible solución.
Para cerrar la tesis, se plantea cómo sería un equipamiento de impresión 3D para
modelos de ensayo quirúrgico, a fin de servir de base para futuros desarrollos.
37
"Anatomy-based modeling of human foot." Thesis, 2007. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6074216.
Full textAbstract:
Computer simulation of human foot models can be widely used in areas such as surgery simulation, footwear design, gait analysis, etc. Nevertheless, due to the complexity in the modeling of human foot, not much work in the modeling and simulating of human foot model has been reported. In this thesis, we propose an anatomy-based approach for modeling and animating human foot. The anatomical model is divided into layers including skin, muscle, tendon and skeleton. In order to generate animation of the foot model, foot bone structure is transformed according to the foot motions. This induces the deformation of the muscle, tendon and consequently the skin layer. Physics-based approaches are adopted to deform the muscles and tendons.<br>In this thesis, we adopt the boundary element method (BEM) with linear boundary elements to model deformation of the muscles. Under our investigation, computing the deformation of models with linear boundary elements of BEM is significantly faster than the BEM with constant boundary elements. It also performs better than the finite element method (FEM) under most circumstances. The role of the tendons on determining deformation of the skin layer is also presented. To allow fast deformation, the axial deformation technique is adopted. Using the axial deformation technique, the shape of the axial curve is adjusted to control the deformation of tendon. Two approaches for updating the axial curve are presented. One approach deforms the axial curve of the tendon using geometric technique based on information from image data. Another approach updates the axial curve based on physical properties of the tendon using the mass-spring system. Each vertex of the skin layer is associated with the underlying muscles, tendons and skeleton. When the underlying muscle, tendon and skeleton layers change their shapes, the skin layer is deformed accordingly. Experimental results illustrated that the visual realism of a foot model is enhanced by considering the changes in foot tendons in the deformation of skin layer.<br>Tang, Yuk Ming.<br>"January 2007."<br>Adviser: Kin-Chuen Hui.<br>Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-08, Section: B, page: 5372.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 184-194).<br>Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.<br>Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.<br>Abstract in English and Chinese.<br>School code: 1307.
38
Cai, Hongyuan. "Video anatomy : spatial-temporal video profile." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/4832.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)<br>A massive amount of videos are uploaded on video websites, smooth video browsing, editing, retrieval, and summarization are demanded. Most of the videos employ several types of camera operations for expanding field of view, emphasizing events, and expressing cinematic effect. To digest heterogeneous videos in video websites and databases, video clips are profiled to 2D image scroll containing both spatial and temporal information for video preview. The video profile is visually continuous, compact, scalable, and indexing to each frame. This work analyzes the camera kinematics including zoom, translation, and rotation, and categorize camera actions as their combinations. An automatic video summarization framework is proposed and developed. After conventional video clip segmentation and video segmentation for smooth camera operations, the global flow field under all camera actions has been investigated for profiling various types of video. A new algorithm has been designed to extract the major flow direction and convergence factor using condensed images. Then this work proposes a uniform scheme to segment video clips and sections, sample video volume across the major flow, compute flow convergence factor, in order to obtain an intrinsic scene space less influenced by the camera ego-motion. The motion blur technique has also been used to render dynamic targets in the profile. The resulting profile of video can be displayed in a video track to guide the access to video frames, help video editing, and facilitate the applications such as surveillance, visual archiving of environment, video retrieval, and online video preview.
39
Xu, Ying. "A digital neuromorphic auditory pathway." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:52015.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis gives an overview of my work on the development of a digital binaural cochlear system, and its applications to a “where” pathway and a “what” pathway model. The binaural cochlear system models the basilar membrane, the outer hair cells, the inner hair cells and the spiral ganglion cells. It is stable, scalable, easy to use and can thus provide an excellent input hardware stage for more complex machine hearing tasks. The “where” pathway model uses a deep convolutional neural network to analyse correlograms from the binaural cochlear system to obtain sound source location. This approach is novel for binaural sound localisation and it shows excellent performance on experimental data in reverberant environments. The “what” pathway model uses a novel event-based unsupervised feature extraction approach to investigate the acoustic characteristics embedded in auditory spike streams and it shows best accuracy in an isolated spoken digits recognition task. In this thesis, the anatomy and physiology of the human ear are described. The key elements, including the basilar membrane ‘band-pass’ filters, the inner hair cell transduction and the mechanical feedback introduced by the outer hair cells are important for the creation of an electronic cochlear model. Digital models for these elements are presented, and measurement results are shown. The remaining part of the human auditory pathway consists of different types of spiking neurons, and the bulk of the signal processing in the auditory pathway is performed by these spiking neurons. Therefore, the electrophysiology and anatomy underlying the spiking behaviour essential for modelling neurons electronically are described. A digital stochastic neuron model is presented, and measurement results are shown. Combining the cochlear model and the stochastic neuron model, a fully digital, biologically inspired, binaural cochlear system is developed. With the ease of use of this digital system, we can start to model and engineer the auditory pathway for practical applications. Two examples of auditory pathway modelling based on the system are presented. The first “where” pathway example uses the instantaneous activity of the binaural cochlear system’s inner hair cell output to generate 2-D correlograms. The generated correlograms are then analysed using a deep convolutional neural network for regression to the angle of incidence of the sound. This system is evaluated using experimental data in reverberant environments, and the performance and comparisons with other biologically inspired sound localisation systems are shown. The second “what” pathway explores an event-based unsupervised feature extraction with adaptive thresholds on spike streams generated from the binaural cochlear system. It extracts acoustic features from the spike streams, and these features are used in an isolated spoken digits recognition task. The hardware cochlear system on field programmable gate array provides an excellent input stage for the two pathway models, and its cochlear parameters are configurable to adapt to various tasks. A future direction for this work is to investigate optimal cochlear parameters for different applications. The “where” pathway has shown superior performance comparing with other biologically inspired sound localisation systems. Future directions for this work include: implementing the system on hardware for real-time sound localisation; extending the 2-D localisation into 3-D by using multiple cochlea pairs; investigating sound segregation and tracking algorithms based on the model for more practical applications. The “what ” pathway has shown better performance than other event-based approaches in isolated spoken digits recognition. A future direction for this work is to investigate optimal configurations of the unsupervised feature extraction approach for event-based auditory signal applications.
40
Pražák, Daniel. "Digitální technologie ve výuce biologie člověka." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-387974.
Full textAbstract:
Digital technologies have been present in the educational environment in the Czech Republic and other countries for many years. Not only are they becoming a relatively frequent means of making education more attractive, but they also have a great potential for improving methods of illustration in areas difficult to visualize, such as human biology and anatomy. The presented thesis is divided into the theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part summarizes available specialized literature covering the bases for utilizing digital technologies in the practice of teaching; maps out the process of implementing digital technologies into schools in the Czech Republic; and last but not least, describes key elements and methods of teaching with the help of digital technologies. The practical part introduces the results of a survey which took the form of a mixed methods research among elementary and high school pupils, teachers, and students of Teaching Preparation programs. In the final discussion, the amassed data are compared to some of the relevant past surveys conducted by various subjects. In addition, the practical part also includes model activities for using digital technologies in human biology teaching; a description of their pilotage; and a critical reflection on the process. KEYWORDS...
41
Christensen, Shane R. (Robert) 1977. "An in vitro comparison of working length accuracy between a digital system and conventional film when vertical angulation of the object is variable." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/1926.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)<br>Accurate determination of working length during endodontic therapy is critical in achieving a predictable and successful outcome. Working length is determined by the use of electronic apex locators, tactile perception, knowledge of average tooth lengths and dental radiography. Due to the increasing use of digital radiography in clinical practice, a comparison with conventional film in working length determination is justified. The purpose of this study is to determine if there is a difference between Schick digital radiography and Kodak Ultra-speed film in the accurate determination of working lengths when vertical angulation of the object is variable. Twelve teeth with #15 K-flex files at varying known lengths from the anatomical apex were mounted in a resin-plaster mix to simulate bone density. A mounting jig for the standardization of projection geometries allowed for exact changes in vertical angulation as it related to the object (tooth) and the film/sensor. Each tooth was imaged using Schick CDR and Kodak Ultra-speed film at varying angles with a consistent source-film distance and exposure time. Four dental professionals examined the images and films independently and measured the distance from the tip of the file to radiographic apex and recorded their results. The error in working length was calculated as the observed value minus the known working length for each tooth type. A mixed-effects, full-factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) model was used to model the error in working length. Included in the ANOVA model were fixed effects for type of image, vertical angulation, and the interaction of angle and film type. Tooth type and examiner were included in the model as random effects assuming a compound symmetry covariance structure. The repeatability of each examiner, for each film type, was assessed by estimating the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). The ICC was determined when 12 randomly selected images and radiographs were reevaluated 10 days after initial measurements. The repeatability of each examiner for Schick CDR was good with ICCs ranging from 0.67 to 1.0. Repeatability for the conventional film was poor with ICCs varying from -0.29 to 0.55. We found the error in the working length was not significantly different between film types (p = 0.402). After adjusting for angle, we found that error in the working length from the digital image was only 0.02 mm greater (95-percent CI: -0.03, 0.06) than the conventional film. Furthermore, there was not a significant difference among the angles (p = 0.246) nor in the interaction of image type with angle (p = 0.149). Based on the results of our study, we conclude that there is not a statistically significant difference in determining working length between Schick CDR and Kodak Ektaspeed film when vertical angulation is modified.
42
Kolesnyk, Karyna. "Anatomia digital : a arte da evolução." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/38446.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz<br>Introdução: A anatomia é uma das ciências mais antigas que visa o estudo e organização das estruturas biológicas. Durante a sua evolução os métodos de ensino passaram por dissecações, ilustrações, fotografias, sistemas de imagem digital e modelos de plástico. A metodologia de ensino está a enfrentar uma mudança de paradigma, introduzindo uma abordagem multi-modal – a anatomia digital.
Objetivo: Esta revisão sistemática tem como objetivo responder à pergunta de investigação (research-question): Qual(is) o(s) método(s) mais eficaz(es) e acessível(is) de construção de estruturas anatómicas tridimensionais para a visualização tridimensional ética e acessível das estruturas anatómicas da cabeça e pescoço?
Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura científica dos últimos 15 anos, através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica com base nos motores de pesquisa B-On, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, PubMed e SciELO, com as palavras-chave “anatomy”, “cross sectional anatomy”, “anatomic models” e “visible human projects”.
Resultados: Obtiveram-se 487 artigos após a pesquisa estratégica para a revisão sistemática. Após a eliminação de duplicados, foram excluídos 193 artigos, após a leitura de título e resumo, foram excluídos 172 artigos. Após, a leitura íntegra excluíram-se 99 artigos. No total, foram incluídos 23 artigos para análise qualitativa. As principais ferramentas de obtenção de dados foram fotografias de cadáveres, RM e TC. Foram usados softwares separados e combinados. Apesar de algumas limitações, conseguiu-se a reconstrução tridimensional das estruturas pretendidas.
Conclusão: Não foi possível determinar o método mais eficaz e acessível de construção de estruturas anatómicas tridimensionais, apesar de existirem vários métodos bem-sucedidos. São necessários mais estudos de forma a determinar a composição e tamanho ideais da amostra, otimizar ferramentas para obtenção de dados; softwares, individualmente ou combinados, para reconstruir cada estrutura anatómica de forma acessível e precisa; finalmente, o desenvolvimento de uma árvore de decisão para determinação do protocolo ideal para cada estrutura.<br>Introduction: Anatomy is one of the oldest sciences aimed at the study and organization of biological structures. During its evolution its teaching methods have gone through dissections, illustrations in manuals, photographs, digital imaging systems and plastic models. Teaching methodologies of anatomy are facing a paradigm shift, introducing a multi-modal approach – digital anatomy. Objective: The present systematic review aims to answer the research-question: which is / are the most efficient and accessible method(s) of reconstruction of tridimensional anatomical structures for tridimensional, ethical and accessible visualization of anatomical structures of head and neck? Methods: A systematic review of the scientific literature of the past 15 years was made based on search engines such as B-On, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, PubMed and SciELO, with MeSH key-words “anatomy”, “cross sectional anatomy”, “anatomic models” e “visible human projects”. Results: 487 articles resulted after the strategic research for the systematic review. After eliminating duplicates, 193 articles were excluded, after reading the title and abstract, 172 articles were excluded. After a complete reading of the text, 99 articles were excluded. In total, 23 articles were included for qualitative analysis. As main data capture tools were photographs of cadavers, MR and CT. Separate or combined softwares were used. Despite some limitations, a three-dimensional reconstruction of the desired structures was made.
Conclusion: It hasn’t been possible to determine the most effective and accessible method of reconstructing three-dimensional anatomical structures, although there are some evidently successful methods. More studies are needed in order to determine the optimal composition and size of the sample; tools needed to obtain sample data; software, individually or combined, to reconstruct each anatomical structure in an accessible and accurate way; finally, development of a decision tree to determine the ideal protocol for each structure.
43
Feijão, Ana Maria Ribeiro. "Anatomia now! : o corpo na arquitectura da revolução digital." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/16795.
Full text
44
Pereira, José Manuel de Almeida. "Anatomia da gramática visual no ensino artístico: imagem digital versus imagem tradicional." Master's thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/695.
Full textAbstract:
O presente estudo visa fundamentalmente problematizar a performance e os resultados alcançados por alunos com formação artística face às potencialidades de um novo ambiente de representação e criação de imagens digitais. De um modo mais restrito, analisam-se as características da linguagem visual que emergem do ambiente digital, por forma a ponderar e estimular práticas de representação digital no ensino artístico.
A fundamentação teórica debruça-se sobre as implicações dos ambientes digitais no ensino, mais especificamente na interacção homem-computador e consequentes estratégias valorizadoras de um novo paradigma educacional. São, ainda, sistematizados e discutidos enraizamentos sobre a imagética mental, os fundamentos da linguagem digital e as questões relativas à criação, processamento e tratamento de imagens digitais à luz dos modelos de representação tradicionais. Estes referenciais nortearam o trabalho de campo.
A componente experimental deste trabalho utilizou como amostra 16 alunos, do ensino superior, do curso de Educação Visual e Tecnológica. Como metodologia de investigação foi usada uma metodologia qualitativa, estudo de caso, que privilegiou uma recolha de dados feita essencialmente com base em grelhas de observação, notas de campo, registos de vídeo e fotográficos, e análise documental das imagens produzidas pelos sujeitos.
As conclusões revelam que a representação digital possui especificidades próprias cuja expressão diferenciada não banaliza os referenciais tradicionais, mas propõe um discurso visual inovador, irreverente e uma nova estética. Verificou-se que o ambiente digital induz um arquétipo de expressão dinâmica influenciador de opções e práticas representacionais que desafiam o utilizador para infinitos jogos combinatórios da linguagem visual. A envolvência, a versatilidade e a flexibilidade dos ambientes digitais promovem um novo posicionamento estético do ensino artístico face à inovação tecnológica.<br>The main purpose of this essay is to talk about the performance and the results reached by students with an artistic education as far as the potential of a new environment on representing and creating digital images is concerned. Strictly speaking, the visual language characteristics that emerge from the digital environment are analysed so that we can think about and encourage the use of digital representation technics in artistic teaching.
The theoretical framework studies digital environments in what teaching is concerned, more specifically on human computer interaction, and the consequent valuable strategies of a new educational perspective. Mental imagery, the digital language basis and the questions related to the creation, processing and treatment of digital images on traditional representing models are some important aspects discussed and arranged according to a system. These concepts are the underlying structure upon which all other aspects of the study rest.
The experimental component of this work used as sample a group of 16 students from a high Educational School, namely future Visual and Technological Education teachers. It has been used a qualitative research, the case study research that favoured a data collection done essentially through observing grills, field notes, video and photographic registers, and documental analysis of the images produced by those subjects.
The results reveal that in spite of digital representation has got its own details with different expressions, it doesn’t neglect the traditional way of representing images, on the contrary, it suggests a new visual irreverent language and a new aesthetics. The digital environment leads to a dynamic model of representing images that influences representational technics and choices which challenge the user to an infinite number of games combining visual language. The involvement, versatility and flexibility of digital environments promote a new aesthetic standpoint of the artistic education regarding technological progress.
45
Rebelo, Isabel Maria Baptista. "Portocipação: anatomia da participação pública no Plano Diretor Municipal do Porto: quem participa e para quê?" Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/76637.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado em Administração Pública (área de especialização em Gestão Pública e Políticas Públicas)<br>É na literatura científica, em particular no estado da arte sobre participação pública versus
cidadania ativa, que encontramos o mote para inspiração da presente dissertação de mestrado. O
envolvimento, colaboração e controlo nos processos de decisão por parte do cidadão continua a
alimentar o debate e a estimular os agentes da mudança, quer do lado da administração, quer do lado
da comunidade civil.
O presente trabalho tem como ambição entender o que leva o cidadão a contribuir para a
tomada de decisão nos procedimentos de planeamento e, em particular, no plano de gestão territorial
relativo à escala do município. Tomando como estudo de caso o Plano Diretor Municipal do Porto,
perante o enquadramento legislativo que disciplina o regime jurídico dos planos municipais de
ordenamento do território aprovado pelo Decreto-lei 69/90, de 2 de março, é aferida a influência que
os métodos adotados imprimem na dinâmica participativa de três gerações (1993, 2006 e 2021) deste
instrumento de gestão territorial.
O perfil do participante revela preocupação com os desafios ambientais e urbanos; contudo, na
maior parte dos casos, este é movido por questões de ordem pessoal, que se prendem com a
propriedade do objeto de participação e que interferem diretamente com os seus interesses
particulares ou empresariais. Retratar o cidadão ativo permitirá objetivar estratégias de estímulo ao
envolvimento do público, no sentido de alcançar o patamar mais alto da escala de avaliação da
participação.
Perante a estratificação e análise dos dados recolhidos ao longo das três gerações de PDM, foi
possível também, estabelecer relações geográficas e especular acerca da interferência que a adoção
de novas metodologias interativas e baseadas em ferramentas digitais produziu nos resultados da
participação pública. Surpreendentemente, o paradoxo Portocipação trouxe à luz a contradição entre o
incremento dos métodos interativos e digitais e o seu efeito modesto nos momentos participativos da
terceira geração, aprovada e publicada muito recentemente. A heterogeneidade dos dados recolhidos
ao longo de quase três décadas de planeamento urbano participado, apesar de limitar a análise
geracional, ilustra a evolução procedimental no âmbito da democracia participativa, que coloca a CMP,
na vanguarda da gestão de políticas públicas territoriais.<br>It is in the scientific literature, particularly in the state of the art on public participation versus
active citizenship, that we find the inspiration for this master's thesis. Citizen involvement, collaboration
and control in decision-making processes continue to fuel the debate and stimulate agents of change,
both on the administration side and on the civil society side.
This work aims to understand what makes citizens contribute to decision making in planning
procedures and, in particular, in the territorial management plan at the municipality scale. Having as
the background the legislative framework that governs the legal regime of municipal land use plans
approved by Decree-Law 69/90, of March 2nd, and taking the Porto Municipal Master Plan as a case
study, I assess the influence of the methods adopted on the participatory dynamics of three generations
(1993, 2006 e 2021) of this territorial management instrument.
The participant's profile reveals concern with environmental and urban challenges. However, in
most cases, it is driven by personal issues, which relate to the ownership of the object of participation
and which directly interfere with their private interests or business. Depicting the active citizen will allow
targeting strategies to encourage public involvement in order to reach the highest level in the
participation evaluation scale.
Given the stratification and analysis of data collected over the three generations of PDM, it was
also possible to establish geographic relationships and speculate about how the adoption of new
interactive methodologies based on digital tools influence the results of public participation.
Surprisingly, the Portocipation paradox brought to light a contradiction between the increase in
interactive and digital methods and their modest effect on the participatory moments on the third
generation of the plan, recently approved and published. Despite the limitations associated with the
generational analysis, the heterogeneity of data collected over nearly three decades of participatory
urban planning illustrates the procedural evolution within the scope of participatory democracy, which
places the CMP at the forefront of territorial public policy management.
46
Silva, Gabriela Hirata e. "Atlas ilustrado do camundongo de laboratório: uso da ilustração digital como alternativa à fotografia." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/31932.
Full textAbstract:
O Mus musculus, também conhecido como camundongo ou rato-doméstico, é
um animal de ampla utilização para pesquisa. Para a manipulação correta dos
animais com o intuito de causar o menor desconforto possível e prover uma
melhor qualidade de vida, é necessário que os profissionais e estudantes que
os manipulem tenham conhecimento básico sobre a anatomia desses roedores.
Dentro das linhagens possíveis de se trabalhar atualmente, cada uma possui
uma particularidade que pode ser útil para o estudo que se almeja. Com o intuito
de auxiliar na transmissão de conhecimento para o público lusófono, o Atlas
Ilustrado do Camundongo de Laboratório: Anatomia, Histologia e Patologia
possui informações sobre os camundongos, apresentando a anatomia básica, a
histologia e patologias dos sistemas. Ilustrações foram produzidas para
representar estruturas anatômicas sem a necessidade de utilização animal. As
imagens foram produzidas em meio digital com a utilização do software Adobe
Photoshop© a partir de imagens e textos de referência provenientes de atlas e
artigos. Com auxílio de texto e imagem, é possível reforçar a informação que se
pretende transmitir por dois meios diferentes de comunicação. A distribuição
inicial do atlas será em meio digital, devido à facilidade de acesso por
pesquisadores e estudantes falantes de língua portuguesa em qualquer lugar do
mundo. A maior parte do material sobre o camundongo de laboratório, que é um
animal tão importante para o meio acadêmico, está disponível apenas em língua
inglesa, o que dificulta a compreensão daqueles que não possuem domínio da
língua estrangeira. Nesse sentido, o ideal é a produção de material lusófono que
consiga transmitir informações da forma mais semelhante possível à realidade
que será encontrada no dia a dia.<br>Mus musculus, also known as house mouse, is widely used for research. For the
correct handling of the animals to cause the slightest discomfort possible and
provide a better quality of life, it is necessary that professionals and students who
manipulate them have basic knowledge about the anatomy of these rodents.
Within the lineages that are currently possible to work with, each one has a
particularity that can be useful for the study that needs to be done or not. To
assist in transmitting knowledge to the Portuguese-speaking public, the
Illustrated Atlas of the Laboratory Mouse: Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology
has information about the mice, presenting the basic anatomy, histology, and
pathologies of the systems. To represent and illustrate anatomical structures
without the need for animal use. In the Adobe Photoshop © software, it was
possible to create illustrations using reference photographs from the laboratory,
texts provided in atlases and articles. With the aid of text and image, it is possible
to reinforce the information transmitted by two different means of communication.
The initial distribution of the atlas will be in digital accessible platform for
Portuguese-speaking researchers and students anywhere in the world. Much
material about the laboratory mouse, which is such an important animal for the
academic world, is only available in English, making it difficult for many
Portuguese language natives to understand. The production of this Lusophone
material will transmit information in a more similar way to the reality encountered
in daily life.<br>Mestrado em Biologia Aplicada
47
Graichen, Uwe [Verfasser]. "Rekonstruktion der Koronar-Anatomie mittels digitaler Bildverarbeitung von Echokardiogrammen / vorgelegt von Uwe Graichen." 2005. http://d-nb.info/97642830X/34.
Full text
48
Dembinski, Gina. "Evaluation of the IrisPlex DNA-based eye color prediction tool in the United States." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/4836.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)<br>DNA phenotyping is a rapidly developing area of research in forensic biology. Externally visible characteristics (EVCs) can be determined based on genotype data, specifically from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These SNPs are chosen based on their association with genes related to the phenotypic expression of interest, with known examples in eye, hair, and skin color traits. DNA phenotyping has forensic importance when unknown biological samples at a crime scene do not result in a criminal database hit; a phenotype profile of the sample can therefore be used to develop investigational leads. IrisPlex, an eye color prediction assay, has previously shown high prediction rates for blue and brown eye color in a European population. The objective of this work was to evaluate its utility in a North American population. We evaluated the six SNPs included in the IrisPlex assay in an admixed population sample collected from a U.S.A. college campus. We used a quantitative method of eye color classification based on (RGB) color components of digital photographs of the eye taken from each study volunteer and placed in one of three eye color categories: brown, intermediate, and blue. Objective color classification was shown to correlate with basic human visual determination making it a feasible option for use in future prediction assay development. In the original IrisPlex study with the Dutch samples, they correct prediction rates achieved were 91.6% for blue eye color and 87.5% for brown eye color. No intermediate eyes were tested. Using these samples and various models, the maximum prediction accuracies of the IrisPlex system achieved was 93% and 33% correct brown and blue eye color predictions, respectively, and 11% for intermediate eye colors. The differences in prediction accuracies is attributed to the genetic differences in allele frequencies within the sample populations tested. Future developments should include incorporation of additional informative SNPs, specifically related to the intermediate eye color, and we recommend the use of a Bayesian approach as a prediction model as likelihood ratios can be determined for reporting purposes.
49
CAVEDON, Valentina. "Investigating body dimension and composition across diverse populations with traditional and advanced techniques." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/903246.
Full textAbstract:
In questo progetto di dottorato sono stati condotti sette studi: “Effetto di differenti attività sportive a carico d’impatto sulla composizione corporea di femmine prepuberi”, “Variazioni della composizione corporea in calciatori professionisti nel corso di una stagione agonistica”, “Effetti della qualità dell’osso sulla velocità di tiro nella pallamano”, “Studio della composizione corporea in atleti spinalizzati praticanti sport in carrozzina”, “Analisi cinematica del servizio nel tennis in carrozzina: implicazioni sul sistema di classificazione”, “Antropometria, composizione corporea e prestazione in giovani giocatori di pallacanestro in carrozzina” e “Misurazione attraverso procedure di antropometria digitale tridimensionale della riduzione di massa grassa indotta da esercizio fisico in donne obese”. Quattro degli studi sopraelencati sono pubblicati o in fase di stampa su riviste scientifiche internazionali. Negli studi sopraesposti sono stati indagati parametri relativi a dimensioni corporee e composizione corporea in diverse popolazioni (ginnaste e pallavoliste prepuberi, calciatori professionisti, giocatori di pallamano di livello élite e sub-élite e atleti medullolesi praticanti sport in carrozzina) attraverso l’applicazione di tecniche antropometriche tradizionali e tecniche avanzate di imaging, come il densitometro a doppio raggio fotonico (DXA) e lo scanner tridimensionale. L’utilizzo combinato di queste tecniche mi ha permesso di studiare le caratteristiche antropometriche e di composizione corporea in differenti attività sportive per monitorare gli effetti dell’allenamento sulla composizione corporea nell’arco di una stagione agonistica, di analizzare la relazione tra caratteristiche antropometriche e di composizione corporea e specifiche gestualità tecniche e di indagare l’equità dei sistemi di classificazione adottati in alcuni sport paralimpici. Riassumendo, i risultati conseguiti in questi studi hanno evidenziato che 1. L’aumento della massa muscolare rappresenta un fattore chiave nell’accumulo di minerale osseo in giovani femmine prepuberi praticanti attività sportive a carico d’impatto. 2. Nei calciatori professionisti la massa grassa, la massa magra priva di grasso e il contenuto di minerale osseo subiscono delle variazioni nel corso della stagione agonistica, in particolare a carico degli arti inferiori e a prescindere dal ruolo. 3. Il contenuto di minerale osseo e la densità minerale ossea spiegano una percentuale considerevole di variabilità della velocità della palla nel tiro della pallamano. 4. Nell’attività sportiva adattata la durata dell’infortunio influenza diversi parametri di composizione corporea degli atleti (giocatori di pallacanestro in carrozzina, giocatori di rugby in carrozzina e atleti di handbike). 5. In seguito ad una lesione midollare, sarebbe importante riprendere l’attività sportiva il prima possibile, non appena le condizioni cliniche lo consentono, per rallentare o per ridurre gli effetti negativi causati dall’evento lesivo sulla composizione corporea. 6. Dal confronto tra la tecnica plicometrica e la metodica DXA è emerso che la prima tende a sottostimare la percentuale di massa grassa in atleti praticanti sport in carrozzina sottolineando la necessità di studiare un’equazione ad hoc per questa popolazione. 7. Nei giovani giocatori di pallacanestro in carrozzina sono emerse numerose relazioni tra le variabili antropometriche e la prestazione (test da campo specifici e le statistiche degli incontri un’intera stagione competitiva). 8. Dai risultati è inoltre emersa una stretta relazione tra la tipologia e la gravità della disabilità e la prestazione nel tennis e nella pallacanestro in carrozzina, dimostrando che i vigenti sistemi di classificazione degli atleti dovrebbero essere modificati in modo da garantire lo svolgimento di competizioni eque e bilanciate.<br>Over the course of my doctoral research project entitled “Investigating body dimension and composition across diverse populations with traditional and advanced techniques”, seven studies were conducted: “Effect of distinct impact loading sports on body composition in pre-menarcheal girls”, “Seasonal DXA-measured body composition changes in professional male soccer player”, “Bone quality predicts ball-throwing velocity in team handball”, “Body composition assessment in spinal cord injured wheelchair athletes”, “Kinematic analysis of the wheelchair tennis serve: Implications for Classification”, “Anthropometry, body composition and performance in young wheelchair basketball players”, and “Digital three-dimensional anthropometry detection of exercise-induced fat mass reduction in obese women”. Four of the above studies are published or in press in international Journals. In the above-mentioned studies, body dimensions and composition were investigated across diverse populations (e.g., pre-menarcheal gymnasts and volleyball players, elite male soccer players, sub-elite and elite handball players and wheelchair athletes) with traditional and advanced techniques. In particular, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as well as manual and digital anthropometry were exploited. The combined application of traditional and advanced imaging techniques allowed me to study the anthropometry and body composition characteristics of participants in different sport activities to monitor the effects of sport training across a competitive season, analyse the relationship between anthropometry and body composition characteristics and specific technical skills, as well as provide useful information to improve the classification system of athletes playing Paralympic sports. In summary, the obtained results showed that 1. Higher muscle mass is a key factor for bone mineral accrual in pre-menarcheal girls exposed to impact-loading activity. 2. Professional soccer players undergo changes (especially in the lower limbs) in their fat mass, fat-free soft tissue mass, and bone mineral content across the season with some regional variations, irrespective of the playing position. 3. In male and female handball players, bone mineral content and/or bone mineral density is a body composition parameter able to explain a significant proportion of variability in ball throwing velocity. 4. In adapted physical activity the duration of injury strongly affect body composition of wheelchair athletes (wheelchair basketball players, wheelchair rugby players and handbikers). 5. In disabled people, it would be important to begin physical activity as soon as possible after injury in an attempt to slow or reduce the negative effects of the impairment on the body composition. 6. Comparison of current skinfold thickness predictive equation and DXA in wheelchair athletes shows a substantial underestimation of percentage of fat mass with the former, highlighting the need to use an ad hoc skinfold thickness equation for this population. 7. In young wheelchair basketball players several anthropometric variables are well correlated to wheelchair basketball performance (sport-specific field test and game-related statistics). 8. A clear relationship between the player’s impairment and performance in wheelchair tennis and in wheelchair basketball is present, suggesting that the current classification systems are to be challenged as to fairness.
50
LOVATO, Christian. "Three-dimensional body scanning: methods and applications for anthropometry." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/540549.
Full textAbstract:
In questa tesi descriviamo i metodi informatici e gli esperimenti eseguiti per l’applicazione della tecnologia whole body 3D scanner in supporto dell’antropometria. I body scanner restituiscono in uscita una nuvola di punti, solitamente trasformata in mesh triangolare mediante l’uso di algoritmi specifici per supportare la visualizzazione 3D della superficie e l’estrazione di misure e landmarks antropometrici significativi. L’antropometria digitale è già stata utilizzata con successo in vari studi per valutare importanti parametri medici.
L’analisi antropometrica digitale è solitamente eseguita utilizzando soluzioni software fornite dai costruttori che sono chiuse e specifiche per il prodotto, che richiedono attenzione nell’acquisizione e dei forti limiti sulla posa assunta dal soggetto. Questo può portare a dei problemi nella comparazione di dati acquisiti in diversi luoghi, nella realizzazione di studi multicentrici su larga scala e nell’applicazione di metodi avanzati di shape analysis sui modelli acquisiti.
L’obiettivo del nostro lavoro è di superare questi problemi selezionando e personalizzando strumenti di processing geometrico capaci di creare un sistema aperto ed indipendente dallo strumento per l’analisi di dati da body scanner. Abbiamo inoltre sviluppato e validato dei metodi per estrarre automaticamente dei punti caratteristici, segmenti corporei e misure significative che possono essere utilizzate nella ricerca antropometrica e metabolica.
Nello specifico, presentiamo tre esperimenti. Nel primo, utilizzando uno specifico software per l’antropometria digitale, abbiamo valutato la performance dello scanner Breuckmann BodySCAN nelle misure antropometriche. I soggetti degli esperimenti sono 12 giovani adulti che sono stati sottoposti procedure di antropometria manuale e digitale tridimensionale (25 misurazioni) indossando abbigliamento intimo attillato. Le misure duplicate effettuate da un’antropometrista esperto mostrano una correlazione r=0.975-0.999; la loro media è significativamente (secondo il test t di Student) diversa su 4 delle 25 misure. Le misure digitali effettuate in duplicato da un antropometrista esperto e da due antropometristi non esperti, mostrano indici di correlazione individuali r che variano nel range 0.975-0.999 e medie che che erano significativamente diverse in una misurazione su 25. La maggior parte delle misure effettuate dall’antropometrista esperto, manuali e digitali, mostrano una correlazione significativa (coefficiente di correlazione intra-classe che variano nell’intervallo 0.855-0.995, p<0.0001). Concludiamo che lo scanner Breuckmann BodySCAN è uno strumento affidabile ed efficace per le misure antropometriche.
In un secondo esperimento, compariamo alcune caratteristiche geometriche facilmente misurabili ottenute dalle scansioni di femmine obese (BMI>30) con i parametri di composizione corporea (misurata con una DXA) dei soggetti stessi, per investigare quali misure dei descrittori di forma correlavano meglio con il grasso del torso e corporeo. I risultati ottenuti mostrano che alcuni dei parametri geometrici testati presentano una elevata correlazione, mentre altri non correlano fortemente con il grasso corporeo. Questi risultati supportano il ruolo dell’antropometria digitale nell’indagine sulle caratteristiche fisiche rilevanti per la salute, ed incoraggiano la realizzazione di ulteriori studi che analizzino la relazione tra descrittori di forma e composizione corporea.
Infine, presentiamo un nuovo metodo per caratterizzare le superfici tridimensionali mediante il calcolo di una funzione chiamata “Area projection transform”, la quale misura la possibilità dei punti dello spazio 3D di essere il centro di simmetria radiale della forma a predeterminati raggi. La trasformata può essere usata per rilevare e caratterizzare in maniera robusta i regioni salienti (approssimativamente parti sferiche e cilindriche) ed è, quindi, adatta ad applicazioni come la detection di caratteristiche anatomiche. In particolare, mostriamo che è possibile costruire grafi che uniscono questi punti seguendo i valori massimali della MAPT (Radial Simmetry Graphs) e che questi grafi possono essere usati per estrarre rilevanti proprietà della forma o definire corrispondenze puntuali robuste nei confronti di problematiche quali parti mancanti, rumore topologico e deformazioni articolate.
Concludiamo che le potenziali applicazioni della tecnologia della scansione tridimensionale applicata all’antropometria sono innumerevoli, limitate solo dall’abilità della conoscienza scientifica di connettere il fenomeno biologico con le appropriate descrizioni matematiche/geometriche.<br>In this thesis we describe the developed computer method and experiments performed in order to apply whole body 3D scanner technology in support to anthropometry. The output of whole body scanners is a cloud of points, usually transformed in a triangulated mesh through the use of specific algorithms in order to support the 3D visualization of the surface and the extraction of meaningful anthropometric landmarks and measurements. Digital anthropometry has been already used in various studies to assess important health-related parameters.
Digital anthropometric analysis is usually performed using device-specific and closed software solutions provided by scanner manufacturers, and requires often a careful acquisition, with strong constraints on subject pose. This may create problems in comparing data acquired in different places and performing large-scale multi-centric studies as well as in applying advanced shape analysis tools on the captured models.
The aim of our work is to overcome these problems by selecting and customizing geometrical processing tools able to create an open and device-independent method for the analysis of body scanner data. We also developed and validated methods to extract automatically feature points, body segments and relevant measurements that can be used in anthropometric and metabolic research.
In particular we present three experiments. In the first, using specific digital anthropometry software, we evaluated the Breuckmann BodySCAN for performance in anthropometric measurement. Subjects of the experiment were 12 young adults underwent both manual and 3D digital anthropometry (25 measurements) wearing close-fitting underwear. Duplicated manual measurement taken by one experienced anthropometrist showed correlation r 0.975-0.999; their means were significantly different in four out of 25 measurements by Student’s t test. Duplicate digital measurements taken by one experienced anthropometrist and two naïve anthropometrists showed individual correlation coefficients r ranging 0.975-0.999 and means were significantly different in one out of 25 measurements. Most measurements taken by the experienced anthropometrist in the manual and digital mode showed significant correlation (intraclass correlation coefficient ranging 0.855-0.995, p<0.0001). We conclude that the Breuckmann BodyScan is reliable and effective tool for digital anthropometry.
In a second experiment, we compare easily detectable geometrical features obtained from 3D scans of female obese (BMI > 30) subjects with body composition (measured with a DXA device) of the same subjects, in order to investigate which measurements on shape descriptors better correlate with torso and body fat. The results obtained show that some of the tested geometrical parameters have a relevant correlation, while other ones do not strongly correlate with body fat. These results support the role of digital anthropometry in investigating health-related physical characteristics and encourage the realization of further studies analyzing the relationships between shape descriptors and body composition.
Finally, we present a novel method to characterize 3D surfaces through the computation of a function called Area Projection Transform, measuring the likelihood of points in the 3D space to be center of radial symmetry at selected scales (radii). The transform can be used to detect and characterize robustly salient regions (approximately spherical and cylindrical parts) and it is, therefore, suitable for applications like anatomical features detection. In particular, we show that it is possible to build graphs joining these points following maximal values of the MAPT (Radial Symmetry Graphs) and that these graphs can be used to extract relevant shape properties or to establish point correspondences on models robustly against holes, topological noise and articulated deformations.
It is concluded that whole body scanning technology application to anthropometry are potentially countless, limited only by the ability of science to connect the biological phenomenon with the appropriate mathematical/geometrical descriptions.