Dissertations / Theses: 'Digital-born'

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Zarndt, Frederick, Dorothy Carner, and Edward McCain. "Born Digital Legal Deposit Policies and Practices." Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A16443.

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In 2014, the authors surveyed the born digital content legal deposit policies and practices in 17 different countries and presented the results of the survey at the 2015 International News Media Conference hosted by the National Library of Sweden in Stockholm, Sweden, April 15-16, 2015.2 Three years later, the authors expanded their team and updated the survey in order to assess progress in creating or improving national policies and in implementing practices for preserving born digital content. The 2017 survey reach has been broadened to include countries that did not participate in the 2014 survey. To optimise survey design, and allow for comparability of results with previous surveys, the authors briefly review 17 efforts over the last 12 years to understand the state of digital legal deposit and broader digital preservation policies (a deeper analysis will be provided in a future paper), and then set out the logic behind the current survey.

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Nordin, Josefin, and Hanna Ranby. "Affärsmodellsinnovation utifrån ett internationaliseringsperspektiv : En explorativ studie av en digital Born Global." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-170766.

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En digital Born Global expanderar tidigt efter sitt grundande till nya internationella marknader, trots att en begränsning i erfarenhet och resurser finns i verksamheten. I en internationaliseringskontext varierar marknadsförutsättningarna sett till vilka externa hot eller möjligheter som ställer krav på lokal anpassning av verksamheten och affärsmodellen. Samtidigt agerar digitala Born Globals ofta i intensiva konkurrenslandskap, vilket ställer ytterligare krav på differentiering och utveckling. Affärsmodellsinnovation har möjlighet att bidra med ett resurseffektivt sätt att skapa hållbara konkurrensfördelar för en digital Born Global. Trots det finns ett begränsat antal studier som undersöker hur affärsmodellsinnovation sker inom de kontextuella förutsättningar som en digital Born Global möter i sin internationalisering. Den här studien syftar därför till att undersöka hur förutsättningarna för en digital Born Global i dess internationalisering påverkar dess affärsmodellsinnovation. Studien innefattar en litteraturstudie och en kvalitativ enfallsstudie. I litteraturstudien identifierades ett kunskapsgap mellan teori kring vilka förutsättningar en Born Global möter i sin internationalisering och hur affärsmodellsinnovation utformas inom denna kontext. Empiriska data erhölls från elva semistrukturerade intervjuer med personer som varit involverade i marknadsexpansioner på studiens valda fallföretag. Då empiriska data behandlat aktörer eller händelser utanför fallföretaget har triangulering av data skett med hjälp av externa källor. Studiens resultat visar på att en digital Born Global, på grund av intensiv konkurrens och en upplevd komplexitet i det digitala värdeerbjudandet, genomför affärsmodellsinnovation tidigt efter att marknadsinträden skett. Det skiljer sig från tidigare teorier som menar att innovation av affärsmodellen främst nyttjas i en senare, mer etablerad marknadsfas. Den upplevda komplexiteten som förhindrar kunder och externa nätverksrelationer att förstå värdet i det digitala värdeerbjudandet innebär även att affärsmodellsinnovation främst genomförs inkrementellt utifrån en central grund i affärsmodellen. Det möjliggörs av den skalbarhet som digitala företag ofta innehar. En digital Born Global har även möjlighet att expandera internationellt utan att etablera fysisk närvaro. Trots det påvisar studien att en fysisk närvaro enbart underlättar affärsmodellsinnovation som relaterar till leverantörsdelen av värdekedjan, men inte påverkar innovationer ut mot slutkund. Med en begränsad fysisk närvaro ökar beroendet av ett starkt lokalt nätverk, vilket även avspeglas i utformningen av affärsmodellsinnovationen. Utifrån studiens slutsatser rekommenderas en digital Born Global att genomföra affärsmodellsinnovation utifrån en tydlig definierad central grund av affärsmodellen som sedan byggs på med lokala marknadsanpassningar. Affärsmodellsinnovationen bör även främja utvecklingen av det lokala nätverket så att resurser inom det kan nyttjas.

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Füller, William, and Oona Heiska. "Born to work virtually? An exploration of digital natives and digital immigrants’ perceptions of organising the virtual workplace." Thesis, Jönköping University, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48608.

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Virtuality of work has become increasingly important in the modern work environment due to globalization and increased technological development. Further, the workforce being composed of digital natives and digital immigrants with varying levels of technical abilities might have implications on organising virtual work due to different perceptions. Therefore, the purpose of our study is to understand how and why digital natives and digital immigrants differ in their perceptions of organising virtual work. In order to gain understanding of this an exploratory, qualitative research design was chosen. Data was collected from ten digital immigrants and ten digital natives and then analysed with a content analysis. The results showed that there are many similarities as well as differences between the populations. Beyond the populations, the findings suggest that work values as well as the usage of ICTs influence how the challenges and opportunities of performing work virtually are perceived by the individuals. Further, these challenges and opportunities shape the perceptions regarding the organisation of virtual work. These findings advance research in the field of virtual work through discussing the differences in perceptions between the populations and beyond them through the conceptual model on how perceptions about organising virtual work are formed. Additionally, the findings can benefit managers to understand their employees better and therefore create better virtual work environments for the future.

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Mesaros, Noémi, and Forsbäck Adriana Turunen. "A process of internationalization by digital born globals : ‘Case study on fintech companies’." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388472.

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Digital services have immeasurably transformed the world economy, and so people’s lives, over the past two decades. One industry where digitalization has been slower is the financial services. Nevertheless, this has changed in the past years with the emergence of fintech companies disrupting the traditional banks and payment solutions. Several studies have researched the internationalization process of digital born globals across different industries. However, due to how recent and emerging the fintech industry is, the area is understudied. To gain insight on the internationalization process of digital born globals within the fintech industry this study was based on an empirical multiple-case study including 4 fintech companies from Sweden and Finland. The main finding of this study is that fintech firms do not expand like other digital born globals but instead follow a more traditional, incremental internationalization process. We also observed that fintech companies used an online entry strategy initially allowing a fast entry process. In some cases, they also established offline presence. Overall, we hope to contribute to theory by giving insight on which factors that cause fintech companies to expand, how the internationalization process looks, how external partnerships might influence, and which challenges they might face.

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Seeger, Ida, and Mindy Norström. "Barriärer vid internationalisering av ett born digital-företag : En fallstudie på Nordic Business House." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-415244.

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Helt digitala bolag antas många gånger inte möta samma typer av barriärer som de som producerar fysiska produkter eller är delvis digitala. Det finns mycket forskning inom internationalisering och barriärer, men sällan med avseende på born digitals, digitala företag med hög digitaliseringsgrad som internationaliserar sig tidigt. Studiens syfte är att undersöka vilka barriärer, i form av liability of foreignness och liability of newness, som born digitals möter vid internationalisering. I en fallstudie har intervjuer med VD och anställda vid marknadsföringsbyrån Nordic Business House utförts. Företaget agerar brygga mellan Sverige och Kina. Bland resultaten har barriärer noterats i form av kulturella skillnader, regleringar kring media och pengar, avsaknad av legitimitet och svårigheter med att anställa medarbetare med relevant kompetens. Slutsatsen är att samtliga barriärer även kan appliceras på born globals, men de påverkar i olika grad. För att finna born digital-specifika barriärer behöver andra born digitals-företag och barriärer vidare undersökas.

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Gustafsson, Emma, and Felicia Mattsson. "Crisis Management : A qualitative study about the difference between the dynamic capabilities of born-digital and non-digital companies during DSC." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik, konst och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-86355.

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Today there is an ongoing world crisis COVID-19, which has affected our daily lives related to health, survival, economy, work and so on. Much of our daily life is now moved online, for example work, which is possible because of the digitization. For work forces to handle COVID-19, crisis management is crucial. Crisis management is not only relevant for today's situation, but also for future crises. A crisis is something that has happened, is happening and will happen, which means crisis management is needed for all enterprises to be prepared for future crises in the best possible way. The purpose and focus of this study are on crisis management for non-digital and born-digital companies. The investigation for the thesis is what ordinary- and dynamic capabilities are for non-digital and born-digital companies. Due to these capabilities, there was an interest in knowing which company would handle a dramatic social change crisis the best. To be able to answer the purpose of this study, the method that was used was a qualitative study with a deductive and exploratory approach. There were two case studies conducted, more specifically two in-depth interviews. The main findings from this study were that both a non-digital and a born-digital company have ordinary and dynamic capabilities. The core finding from the case studies stated that for neither company the DSC was dramatic due to the current COVID-19 pandemic. Another finding was that DSC is only in a crisis when the core business model is threatened. For the non-digital company, its core business was unaffected, agile, resilient and able to transform rapidly. The last main finding was that the role of digital, means easier adaptation to this particular crisis (COVID-19) which demanded digitization for firm survival. Not to forget, more research is needed to fulfil the purpose of this thesis. Det är en pågående världskris med COVID-19, som har påverkat våra dagliga liv relaterat till hälsa, överlevnad, ekonomi, arbete och så vidare. Det är mycket i vårt dagliga liv som har flyttats online, exempelvis arbete, som är möjligt på grund av digitalisering. För att arbetarna ska kunna hantera pandemin, är krishantering avgörande. Krishantering är inte bara relevant i dagens situation, även för framtida kriser. En kris är något som har hänt, händer och kommer hända, vilket betyder för företaget att vara beredda i bästa möjliga mån för framtida kriser, är krishantering nödvändigt. Syftet och fokuset på denna studie var på krishantering för icke-digitala och digitala företag. Forskningen på detta arbete handlade om vad ordinära- och dynamiska kapaciteter är för icke-digitala och digitala företag. Därför på grund av dessa två kapaciteter, fanns det ett intresse över vilket företag som skulle hantera bäst en dramatisk social kris. För att kunna svara på syftet i denna studie, användes en kvalitativ studie med en deduktiv och explorativt tillvägagångssätt. Även två fallstudier blev utförda, som var mer av djupgående intervjuer. De viktigaste upptäckterna från denna studie är att både icke-digital och digitala företag har ordinära- och dynamiska kapaciteter. Den främsta upptäckten från fallstudierna var att varken av företagen hade en dramatisk social kris relaterad till COVID-19 pandemin. En annan upptäckt var att en dramatisk social kris är bara en kris om kärnverksamheten modellen är hotad. För det icke-digitala företag var kärnverksamheten opåverkad, uthållig och hade en förmåga att snabbt omvandla verksamheten. Den sista upptäckten var att rollen för digital, att med en snabb anpassning till en specifik kris (COVID-19) krävdes digitalisering för ett företags överlevnad. Inte att glömma, mer forskning behövs för att uppfylla syftet på detta arbete.

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Fentens, Ulrike Antje Maria. "Exploring the concept of creativity and entrepreneurial intentions to internationalise: A digital-born service firm perspective." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/211247/1/Ulrike%20Antje%20Maria_Fentens_Thesis.pdf.

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This research applied the concept of creativity to the field of international entrepreneurship. Multiple case-study methodology was employed to examine how creativity is fostered within business accelerators, and secondly, how creativity influences entrepreneurial intentions to internationalise. Research findings suggest that creativity as a crucial skill for start-up success and survival is still not prioritised in accelerator programs, providing suggestions for the strategic implementation of creativity fostering structures and processes. Further, this research highlights the importance of “creative potential” amongst key stakeholders within the firm, particularly on the decision to engage in internationalisation, especially in the digital-born service firm context.

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Wright-Brough, Freya K. "Constructing digital narratives: Negotiating totality and infinity with people from refugee backgrounds." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/124078/1/Freya_Wright-Brough_Thesis.pdf.

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Definitive narratives affect marginalised groups globally, playing significant roles in their continued oppression, while dominant groups are afforded the privilege of being represented as diverse. This research examined the opportunities and challenges for practitioners who create stories online to produce narratives which resist definitive and narrow representations. The researcher collaborated with four authors from refugee backgrounds to produce a digital narrative titled "We See Each Other" (2018). The result of the research was key insights into sites of innovation for digital narrative practice and a course of action for creative practitioners wishing to negotiate the complex issue of representation.

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Cleland, William A. "Best Practices in Digital Asset Management for Electronic Texts in Academic Research Libraries." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1182789000.

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Frederico, Aline. "Playfulness in e-picturebooks : how the element of play manifests in transmediated and born-digital picturebook apps." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46866.

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This thesis analyzes how playfulness is expressed in eight picturebook apps available for the iPad, four of them being born-digital picturebook apps and the other four picturebooks being transmediated into apps from print counterparts. These works of digital literature, aimed at children between 3 and 8 years old, underwent a close reading through the lenses of social semiotics, as presented by Gunther Kress and Theo Van Leeuwen, and its manifestation in picturebook theory, as presented by David Lewis’ ecology of the picturebook. Playfulness was analyzed according to the three categories proposed by Nikolajeva: through the interanimation among modes, through metafiction and through performance–implicit and explicit. One born-digital and one transmediated app was selected among a sample of 100 picturebook apps as quintessential examples of that type of playfulness, although all apps manifested on different levels all kinds of playfulness. The multimodal analysis of these picturebook apps revealed that each app is unique in the way modes both individually and in combination work as a multimodal text in expressing playfulness. The different modes may work in counterpoint to generate irony, or they may complement each other building signs that are ironic in contrast with other signs inside the narrative. The inclusion of interactivity makes possible new combinations of modes that integrate reader inputs and various forms of participation. Participation is an important element in the construction of metafiction since, as interactive narratives, most texts manifest an overt recognition of the reader as a participant. The differences between born-digital and transmediated apps are subtle, but this sample suggested that the counterpart among modes is used as a playful resource more significantly in transmediated apps, while the born-digital apps count more on interactivity and performance to generate playfulness. Half of the transmediated apps manifested covert metafiction, while all of the born-digital texts manifested overt metafiction. Finally, in terms of performance, the born-digital apps showed highly theatricalized participation of the reader and also promoted reader participation in co-authoring, which was not seen in the transmediated apps.

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Do, Amaral Eduardo, and Kevin Walther. "An explorative study on small-sized game development firms from a born global perspective." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324883.

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The existing literature provides a variety of drivers enabling rapid internationalization of born global firms. This explorative study with its inductive approach attempts to analyze to what extent born global theory can be used to understand internationalization in the context of small-sized game development firms. Five interviews of a qualitative nature are used to collect data from founders of firms in this under-researched context. The data collection process is based on an operationalization of concepts based on the three categories of founder, organizational and macro-environmental drivers. The findings show that the firms can be aligned to three different stages of their business development, from subcontracting, to game development, to self-publishing. Subcontractors are not born global, but game developers must develop games with global market potential. These firms are pushed to be international by the heavily globalized nature of their industry and digital nature of both the products and the distribution platforms. Founder and organizational factors do not drive the born global approach as much as the environment, but still play a role in explaining the business of these firms. Overall, the findings of this thesis may provide a guiding point for further research in this specific context of firms acting in an industry with immediate internationalization.

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Gudmundsson, Sofia, and Anaïs Lachini. "Designing Business Models of Tomorrow : Exploring the Expansion of Cleantech-as-a-Service through an Agile approach." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104645.

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Background: Three mega trends are profoundly changing today’s market dynamics; climate change, digitalization, and globalization. The increasing interconnectivity and omnipresence of digital technologies are blurring the boundaries of the physical and virtual reality, implying a shift in how digital companies create value and internationalize. Also, new policies and higher customer demand in greener and smarter technologies have created new opportunities for value creation to develop cleaner technologies that foster the growth of clean-technology firms. To be competitive and persist in a sustainable and digital economy, firms must be able to cope with changing market conditions. Strategic agility can support to avoid rigidity and benefit from change, which is fostered by strong dynamic capabilities. Knowledge gaps: The study aims to address shortcomings of digital sustainability business models and specifically characterize the emerging sector of sustainable software companies offering Cleantech-as-a-Service applications. The international potential of these ventures recognizes the need to elaborate on internationalization drivers. The globally competitive environment enforces the need to be strategically agile, whereby applying agile principles to an international context can bring a comprehensive view of internationalizing digital sustainability ventures’ critical capabilities and business model characteristics. The study will also assert the role of collaborative ecosystems in an entrepreneurial internationalization. Purpose: This study will explore the emergence of Cleantech-as-a-Service and investigate how these digital entrepreneurs achieve strategic agility in global pivoting and competitive environments. Our exploratory research aims to apply agile principles to entrepreneurial internationalization strategies, where we through six in-depth interviews will discover the role of digital cleantech firms’ dynamic business models, capabilities, and ecosystems when entering a foreign market. Theoretical framework: The conceptual frame of references is based on two major sections where the first considers the context of digital and sustainable firms and exhibits the essences of digital and sustainable business model designs and how to sustain competitiveness through the interrelation of dynamic capabilities and strategic agility. In the second section the study brings forward theory supporting the exploration of an agile internationalization for digital firms, such as virtual markets and ecosystems. The key theoretical forthcomings are summarized into a conceptual framework that combines the role and interplay of entrepreneurs, business models, as well as networks and ecosystems on the basis of strategic agility and dynamic capabilities, that jointly foster an agile and virtual internationalization. Methodology: The interpretive research used an explorative and abductive approach to perform a qualitative multiple case design. The empirical study was based on six Cleantech-as-a-Service companies where in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with the informants of significant positions. The thematic and content data analysis supported the identification of common patterns and themes through coding which guided the subsequent analysis chapter. Findings: Our study revealed characteristics and success factors of Cleantech-as-a-Service ventures operating on global volatile markets, which adopt a leagile approach. The findings supported a definition of the concept but also identified the dynamic capabilities and flexible business models leveraged to sustain international competitive agility. The key agile capabilities relate to networking, experimenting, and learning whereas business model characteristics confer resiliency, interdependency, and efficiency.

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Monroy, Zambrano Katherine Estefania. "Internationalization of Financial Technology Start-ups (Fintechs) : Evidence from Ecuadorian case studies." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96022.

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In the past decade, the financial industry has been criticized to lack a faster digital transformation to provide more efficient services, where FinTech (a neologism generated from the contraction of “(Fin)ancial” and “(Tech)nology”) start-ups or fintechs represent a paradigm shift to reinvent the industry. FinTech is gaining attention in multiple academic disciplines, however, it was found that it has been neglected from the international business discipline to understand the internationalization process of fintechs. Furthermore, as the financial industry is an important cornerstone to foster economic growth and social welfare, particularly in the context of Latin American emerging countries, lack of studies in this context also motivated the development of this thesis. The purpose of this study is to accommodate FinTech in the international business discipline drawing from network theory and born-digital firms’ characteristics, emphasizing on core activities within the digital value chain to analyze the internationalization process and identify the main challenges. A conceptual framework was developed to analyze the internationalization process of Ecuadorian fintechs and the challenges faced. The research has a qualitative approach, employing multiple case studies strategy, where semi-structured interviews with founders and senior managers of four Ecuadorian fintechs were conducted. Empirical findings showed that despite having a high digital value chain and take advantage of internet technologies to internationalize faster, Ecuadorian fintechs followed a gradual regional expansion within Latin American countries and their internationalization process was mostly network-driven. Furthermore, besides the most prominent internationalization challenges such as liabilities of outsidership (LoO) and institutional regulations, additional resource-related internationalization challenges were found such as funding, skilled IT talents and innovation, which raise the importance to emphasize in such challenges for further research.

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Pettersson, Eric, and Johan Uppström. "Barriers in online internationalization : The reality for online service providers." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388690.

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Due to strong growth in the virtual business environment, online internationalization has become a topic of high interest. This makes it necessary for firms providing software online to carefully investigate and understand barriers and differences in countries before entering them. Further, companies expanding abroad face a variety of differences compared to their home market, which has to be carefully understood in order to succeed internationally and to avoid misinterpretations. This thesis took a qualitative approach and was based on six semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions, all performed with CEOs, founders or managers with explicit knowledge in the online internationalization phase of their firms. The insights from the interviews acknowledge which differences and barriers the firms faced and how they perceived them. The outline and result of the study were based on the four dimensions of cultural, administrative, geographic and economic challenges. The result showed that the cultural and geographic dimensions were barely perceived as barriers by the firms, the administrative dimensions moderately, whereas the companies clearly perceived the economic dimensions as barriers in their internationalization processes. Additional findings of the study were the importance of cultural leadership, hierarchies & decision-making processes, high-density clusters and pricing strategies.

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Kalla, Hanna. "A Changing Climate : How Climate is Communicated in Swedish and North American News Media." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160727.

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This study analyses the frames and discourses in different news media reporting on the same events in news outlets in Canada, the US, and Sweden. This was done by analysing both digital-born media and legacy media. The theoretical framework consists of theories about discourse, framing, media logics, the economic prerequisites for journalism, and environmental journalism. The aim is to find what frames, discourses, tone and what voices are being heard in the news coverage of Greta Thunberg’s climate protest, the migrant caravan, and the UN report on climate change released in 2018. Also, differences in the different media are analysed. This is done through discourse analysis by using Fairclough’s CDA and the three-dimensional model, combined with tools from critical linguistics. The analysis of the news texts found that the discourses in the coverage of the three events followed previous research on journalistic values, production and the way that climate change events were reported (or not reported) on. The study also found some themes, frames, that were producing new discourses in climate change journalism. Among these was the way that Greta Thunberg and other young voices were heard on a subject that previously has been heavily focused on politicians, scientists and NGO’s. Thunberg and the migrant caravan were also covered more extensively by the news media included than the UN report, not framing climate in the articles, even though they are about climate change events.

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Pinho, Magda Sales. "A percepção de jovens da geração digital quanto ao suporte ao trabalho oferecido pela organização." Universidade Nove de Julho, 2014. http://bibliotecatede.uninove.br/handle/tede/1596.

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Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2017-04-05T15:05:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Magda Sales Pinho.pdf: 1694833 bytes, checksum: a49d6b223e20ae622fcca7ac026eea6e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-05T15:05:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Magda Sales Pinho.pdf: 1694833 bytes, checksum: a49d6b223e20ae622fcca7ac026eea6e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-15 In the organizational environment, social changes caused by access to Information Technology resources influence the production processes, specifically in the form of work and the way of seeing and interpreting work. The entry of young people into the labor market has presented a scenario of instability, dissatisfaction, and new behaviors in the procedures proposed by organizations that expect more commitment by the young employees. Currently, young people seek personal job satisfaction, self-realization, and recognition, which were less frequent behaviors in earlier generations (Twenge, 2010). The literature reports that these young people are creative, ambitious, and interested in people and groups (Tapscott, 2010). According to some authors, relational bonds (Eisner, 2005) and the role of leadership (Lipkin; Perrymore, 2009) have emerged as key factors for the stability of the young in the organization. This study aims to identify the perception of the young, digital generation on the support work offered by the organization. For that, the constructs of Perceived Organizational Support (POS) and Perceived Social Support (PSS) were studied. In this research a survey was used, replicating the questionnaires by Siqueira (2009). The study sample was composed of young, lower middle class, college students, who already work or have professional experience. The data collected in the survey were tabulated and processed by the PLS software. The Organizational Support construct was altered to identify variables that relate to the welfare of the employee, job satisfaction, the physical and environmental conditions of work, and the company's availability to assist the employee in case of need. The construct Social Support, the factor about the perception of the young regarding communication, was kept with just a small adjustment. The proposed changes in the organization of the Social Support construct suggest that respondents are less concerned about the factors that involve relationships with team members and the resources offered by companies for development of the work, and more concerned with information and communication. These areas are significant and valued factors by young people in their working environment. No ambiente organizacional, as transformações decorrentes das mudanças sociais proporcionadas pelo acesso aos recursos da Tecnologia da Informação (TI) ocorrem nos processos de produção, na forma de trabalhar e na maneira de ver e interpretar o trabalho. Entretanto, o ingresso de jovens no mercado de trabalho tem apresentado um cenário de instabilidade, insatisfação e comportamentos novos frente aos procedimentos propostos pelas organizações, que esperam mais comprometimento por parte dos jovens empregados. Atualmente, os jovens buscam a satisfação pessoal no trabalho, autorrealização e o reconhecimento, comportamento menos frequente em gerações anteriores. (Twenge, 2010). A literatura informa que estes jovens são pessoas criativas, ambiciosas, interessadas pelas pessoas e pelos grupos (Tapscott, 2010). Segundo alguns autores, os vínculos relacionais (Eisner, 2005) e o papel da liderança (Lipkin; Perrymore, 2009) têm se mostrado fatores fundamentais para a estabilidade do jovem na organização. Este estudo tem por objetivo identificar a percepção do jovem da geração digital sobre o suporte ao trabalho oferecido pela organização. Para atingir esse objetivo, foram estudados os constructos de Percepção do Suporte Organizacional (PSO) e Percepção do Suporte Social (PSS). A pesquisa de campo utilizou uma pesquisa survey, replicando os questionários de Siqueira (2009). A população estudada foi composta por jovens estudantes universitários de classe média baixa, que já trabalham ou tiveram uma experiência profissional. Os dados levantados na pesquisa foram tabulados e processados por meio do software PLS - (Partial Least Square). Os resultados mostraram que o constructo Suporte Organizacional sofreu alteração e manteve variáveis que se relacionam ao bem estar do empregado, satisfação com o trabalho, condições físicas e ambientais de trabalho e disponibilidade da empresa em ajudar o empregado, em caso de necessidade. No constructo Suporte Social, foi mantido, quase sem alterações, o fator acerca da percepção do jovem sobre a comunicação. As alterações propostas na organização do constructo Suporte Social sugerem que os respondentes são pouco preocupados com os fatores que envolvem relacionamento com os integrantes da equipe e com os recursos ofertados pelas empresas para desenvolvimento dos trabalhos. A informação e a comunicação são fatores significativos e valorizados pelos jovens em seu ambiente de trabalho.

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Castro, Fernanda Salim Ferreira de. "A interação estudante - tecnologia educacional digital em enfermagem neonatal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22133/tde-26092013-163522/.

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É crescente o investimento de educadores em enfermagem em pesquisa e produção de objetos digitais de qualidade porque consideram que esta tecnologia oferece um futuro promissor para o processo ensino-aprendizagem. A interação homem-computador acontece através da interface, que deve ser amigável. Sabendo da importância dessa interação sentimo-nos instigadas em avaliar a interface de uma tecnologia educacional digital, junto ao usuário. Objetivo: Avaliar a interface da tecnologia educacional digital Cuidando do ambiente sensorial na unidade neonatal: ruído, luminosidade e manipulação com base em critérios ergonômicos, junto a graduandos em Enfermagem. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, relacionado à avaliação de uma tecnologia educacional digital sobre o ambiente neonatal. Nesta avaliação, foram utilizados os critérios do Ergolist (2008), um instrumento tipo Likert online na própria tecnologia educacional e em ambiente virtual de aprendizagem como ferramenta para avaliação em que foram levantados problemas e qualidades da interface. Para a avaliação da interface, foram convidados a participar alunos de graduação da EERP-USP que cursaram as disciplinas que oferecem conteúdos de enfermagem neonatal. A descrição dos dados relativos à caracterização dos sujeitos e a avaliação de interface se apresentaram mediante uso de estatística descritiva e foram utilizadas tabelas de frequência para os dados quantitativos. Todos os itens foram avaliados positivamente por mais de 70% dos 58 estudantes participantes do estudo. Assim, considera-se que a tecnologia educacional está adequada, segundo os critérios ergonômicos, e pode ser disponibilizada para o ensino de estudantes de enfermagem, sobre o ambiente sensorial das unidades neonatais. Nursing educators are investing more in quality digital objects\' research and production because they consider that this technology provides a promising future for the teaching-learning process. The interaction between human and computer happens through the interface, which should be friendly. Considering the importance of this interaction, we crave to evaluate the customer (user) experience with a digital education technology interface. Objectives: Evaluate the experience of nursing students with the interface of the digital education technology \"Cuidando do ambiente sensorial na unidade neonatal: ruído, luminosidade e manipulação\" considering ergonomics criteria. This is a descriptive study about the student evaluation of a digital education technology made for the physical neonatal environment. The Ergolist\'s criteria (2008) is a type of Likert online toll available in the digital education technology. This questionary was used as an instrument to evaluate the interface. Nursing students from the EERP-USP who were registered in neonatal disciplines were invited to know and evaluate the digital educational technology. Descriptive statistic was used to present the data of the subjects\' characteristics and the interface evaluation. Quantitative data was presented in frequency tables. All items were positively evaluated for more than 70% of the 58 students. Thereby, according to the ergonomic criteria the educational technology was considered adequate and can be used as an instrument for teaching nursing students about sensory environment in neonatal units.

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Mendes, João Nuno Serra Silva Matos. "Geração Born Digital – SMART BREAK." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/94649.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Marketing apresentada à Faculdade de Economia A organização do Planos de Negócio é uma componente usual na formulação ou desenvolvimento de qualquer negócio. A sua grande virtualidade é a integração das principais valências de um negócio num único documento. Diversos estudos têm mostrado que as empresas utilizadoras de Planos de Negócio têm uma maior taxa de sucesso, quer sejam novas empresas ou empresas existentes que queiram implementar uma nova área de negócio. Por estes motivos, tem sido crescente o interesse académico e empresarial pelo tema. O setor do Turismo é uma das atividades mais importantes para a economia nacional. O país apresenta uma enorme variedade de oferta turística, disponível a qualquer visitante. Atualmente, os turistas, permeáveis à facilidade de utilização e conforto recorrem frequentemente às tecnologias, não só devido aos avanços destas, mas também à sua elevada penetração no quotidiano da sociedade atual. Neste contexto, a opção pela disponibilização da informação turística online ganha cada vez mais um especial relevo. O projeto da presente dissertação irá ao encontro do que é o papel da tecnologia digital e como o meio digital influência uma geração que nasce nesta era. Neste sentido fez-se um estudo da afluência das diferentes gerações ao meio digital. Emergiu assim uma ideia de negócio, que pretende ajudar o turista a rentabilizar o seu tempo numa viagem com escala. Estudou-se as diferentes gerações de pessoas e a forma como as mesmas interagem com a tecnologia digital. Através dessa informação irá ser um objetivo, a criação de um website que irá tornar a comunicação do projeto mais fácil e interativa com o público. Como tal, este documento de investigação tem como objetivo a estruturação de uma ideia que, assente nas linhas tradicionais de um plano de negócios para mostrar que a empresa planeada será uma aposta rentável. The organization of Business Plans is a usual component in the formulation or development of any business. Its great potential is the integration of the main values of a business in a single document. Several studies have shown that companies that use Business Plans have a higher success rate, whether they are new companies or existing companies that want to implement a new business area. For these reasons, academic and business interest in the topic has been growing. The Tourism sector is one of the most important activities for the national economy. The country has a huge variety of tourist offers, available to any visitor. Currently, tourists, permeable to ease of use and comfort, often resort to technologies, not only due to their advances, but also due to their high penetration in the daily life of today's society. In this context, the option of making tourist information available online is gaining more and more special importance. The project of this dissertation will address what is the role of digital technology and how the digital medium influences a generation that is born in this era. In this sense, a study was made of the affluence of different generations to the digital environment. Thus, a business idea emerged, which aims to help tourists make the most of their time on a trip with a stopover. We studied the different generations of people and how they interact with digital technology. Through this information it will be an objective, the creation of a website that will make the communication of the project easier and more interactive with the public. As such, this research document aims to structure an idea that, based on the traditional lines of a business plan to show that the planned company will be a profitable bet.

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Bushey, Jessica Elaine. "Born digital images as reliable and authentic records." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/16478.

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In recent years, the long-term preservation of digital records has received increasing attention. Several research initiatives have focused upon the challenges presented by the preservation of digital photography. They have primarily addressed issues related to continuing access to accurate and authentic images. These initiatives are aware of the fundamental difference between preservation of analogue photographs and preservation of digital photographs. While the key factors allowing for digital preservation are media stability and technological interoperability, central to the scholarly discourse is the changing role of the creator (i.e., the photographer), who is becoming responsible for performing the functions traditionally carried out by the preserver (i.e., archivist). This thesis contributes to such discourse by investigating the creation, use, and preservation of born digital images as reliable and authentic records. It does so by studying existing literature in the archival-diplomatic, legal, and photographic fields; analyzing the results of a survey of the recordkeeping activities of digital photographers; examining existing best practices and standards, especially as regards metadata schemas for digital photographs; and comparing the findings of these research activities with protocols for record authenticity. This study reaches several conclusions. First, an interdisciplinary approach to the topic of digital preservation should incorporate the concerns of both creators and preservers. Second, although photographers are concerned about the reliability and authenticity of their born digital images, they should be informed of the conceptual and methodological thinking that supports best practices for creating, maintaining, and preserving reliable and authentic records. Third, current standards and best practices promulgated by the digital imaging community are a solid foundation on which it is possible to build a trusted recordkeeping system. Fourth, contemporary archival diplomatics provides a valid measurement of the effectiveness of existing standards to document the identity of born digital images and attest to their integrity over time. Lastly, strategies to ensure the reliability and authenticity of born digital images should be developed on the basis of the requirements of the creator's operating environment. Arts, Faculty of Library, Archival and Information Studies (SLAIS), School of Graduate

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Kurfürst, Anke Johanna. "Investigating digital marketing capabilities in born-global firms." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/26914.

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With new communication technologies young ventures internationalise in a fast pace. This global phenomenon – the born-global firm – describe companies which quickly internationalise after their foundation and can compensate lacks in resources with idiosyncratic capabilities. Due to their fast growth on an international level, it is important to better understand how these firms are able to digitally communicate with their international consumers. This master thesis is going to fill the gap in research referring to born-global global firms’ digital marketing capabilities by exploring how born-global firms entail digital marketing capabilities to enhance performance in their international markets. Two digital marketing capabilities are analysed: digital marketing communication and digital analytics, by using a single case based study on the German born-global firm Emma Matratze GmbH. The study shows that this born-global firm entails strong digital analytical capabilities, which lead to a better understanding of the international consumer as well as an improvement of their digital marketing communication. It also shows that the born-global firm has an understanding on matching the right digital communication tools to the communication strategy. However, when a shift in strategy approaches, the firm is not completely capable in developing the knowledge inhouse and compensates that through external resources. In direct comparison to their competition, the firm clearly lacks digital branding capabilities, which result in a weaker digital communication. Thus, the chosen example of born-global firms shows that these firms are able to develop digital marketing capabilities but still struggle with lack of resources and knowledge in that field. Com as novas tecnologias de comunicação, empresas recentes internacionalizam-se a um ritmo acelerado. Este fenómeno global – empresa nascida-global – descreve empresas que se internacionalizam rapidamente após o seu início e conseguem compensar a falta de recursos com capacidades idiossincráticas. Dado o seu crescimento rápido a nível internacional, é importante entender como estas empresas comunicam digitalmente com os seus clientes internacionais. Esta tese de mestrado vai preencher a lacuna na pesquisa referente às capacidades de marketing digital de empresas nascidas-global ao explorar como estas usam os seus recursos de marketing digital para melhorar o seu desempenho em mercados internacionais. Duas capacidades de marketing digital são analisadas: comunicação de marketing digital e análise de dados digital, ao usar um caso de estudo sobre a empresa nascida-global alemã Emma Matratze GmbH. O estudo mostra que esta empresa nascida-global necessita de fortes capacidades analíticas digitais que levarão a um melhor entendimento do consumidor internacional bem como a uma melhoria da sua comunicação de marketing digital. Mostra também que uma empresa nascida-global entende como combinar ferramentas de comunicação digital corretas com a estratégia de comunicação. No entanto, quando há mudanças na estratégia, a empresa não é completamente capaz de desenvolver o conhecimento interno e compensa isso com recursos externos. Em comparação direta com os seus concorrentes, a empresa carece de capacidades de marca digital, resultando numa comunicação digital mais fraca. Assim, o exemplo escolhido mostra que estas são capazes de desenvolver capacidades de marketing digital, mas ainda sofrem com falta de recursos e conhecimento nesta área.

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Doukas, Ioannis. "Working Towards a Born-Digital Commentary: Methods, Concepts and Building Materials." 2017. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A20945.

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Mosquera, Calvache Santiago. "Competitiveness of Latin American born global : the case of Digital Partners Group." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/22732.

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Nowadays a globalize world is demanding more competitiveness from the international companies, as entrepreneurs are going more and more international. However, every continent like each of their countries are not giving their companies the same advantages to compete; through time every nation has developed their own cultural, social and economic characteristics, which allow their companies to compete in international markets. Following above paragraph, this thesis will aim to explore how competitive are the Latin America born globals in comparison other international SME; Based on internal capabilities and environment factors as social, cultural and economic characteristics. For this purpose, this thesis directed its effort on reviewing the internationalization of a Colombian SME, company called “Digital Partners Group”, which as a Latin American born global has confronted some difficulties in terms of international performance. Thus, with the aim to direct this research, were conducted some interviews with the chief executive officer, chief technology officer and one of the experts of the Colombian team. From the findings gathered, it was conceivable to find difference between the international performance between the Latin companies and firms in developed regions. Furthermore, the study highlight that the main factors of the differences between performance come from more from external factor than internal capabilities. Nevertheless, the research concludes that even if Latin America has talented work capital, the main reason of lack if competitiveness came from social, political and cultural factors. Hoje em dia, um mundo globalizado exige mais competitividade das empresas internacionais, à medida que os empresários vão cada vez mais internacionalmente. No entanto, cada continente como cada um de seus países não está dando às suas empresas as mesmas vantagens para competir; Com o passar do tempo cada nação desenvolveu suas próprias características culturais, sociais e econômicas, que permitem a suas companhias competir em mercados internacionais. A seguir o parágrafo acima, esta tese terá como objetivo explorar quão competitivos são os “born globals” na América Latina em comparação com outras PME internacionais; Baseado em capacidades internas e fatores ambientais como características sociais, culturais e econômicas. Para este efeito, esta tese dirigido seus esforços na revisão a internacionalização de uma PME colombiana, companhia chamada "Digital Partners Group", que como um latino-americano “born global” tem confrontado algumas dificuldades em termos de atuação internacional. Assim, com o objetivo de direcionar esta pesquisa, foram realizadas algumas entrevistas com o chefe executivo, diretor de tecnologia e um dos especialistas da equipe colombiana. A partir das constatações reunidas, era concebível para encontrar a diferença entre o desempenho internacional entre as companhias latinas e empresas nas regiões desenvolvidas. Além disso, o estudo destaca que os principais fatores das diferenças entre o desempenho provém de mais de um fator externo que capacidades internas. No entanto, a pesquisa conclui que, mesmo que América Latina tem capital trabalho talentoso, o principal motivo da falta se competitividade veio de fatores sociais, políticos e culturais.

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TSENG, WEI-SHENG, and 曾偉勝. "A Study of Born Digital in the Creation Form of the Graphic Art." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77sgx5.

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碩士 世新大學 圖文傳播暨數位出版學研究所(含碩專班) 105 With the progress of technology, Internet has developed as one of the most important communication media. Its forms keep changing with developments. Now, Social media have become the mainstream technology, and the notion of Born Digital has been framed. With the above background, this study focuses on investigating Born Digital and dividing it into three stages, production, communication, and reception, based on SMCR Model. Semi-Structured Interviews are also applied to understand the situations of graphic creators in Taiwan. The purpose is to investigate how Born Digital affects these authors from the aspects of its communicating processes, various social media used by the writers who are Digital Natives and Digital Immigrants, and differences in issuing online or publishing paper books. Finally, this paper concludes with research results and recommendations. The results are as follows. The influences of social media in Born Digital on graphic creators are getting more readers, increasing media exposure more easily, dealing with feedbacks immediately, alerting on updates along with effectiveness, and lowering the creating entry. In terms of Digital Natives and Digital Immigrants, the differences can be generated into the following 9 points. Firstly, Digital Natives have more various ideas are than Digital Immigrants do, but topics and forms are similar. Secondly, the prospects for Digital Natives are greater than those of Digital Immigrants. Thirdly, compared to Digital Natives, receiving feedbacks for Digital Immigrants takes longer time and is conducted more difficultly. Fourthly, in Digital Immigrants, graphic creators adapt to digital environments faster than normal users do. Fifthly, serializing pressure possibly causes Digital Natives and Digital Immigrants to be unable to manage social media. Sixthly, for Digital Natives and Digital Immigrants, the needs to use social media are different. Seventhly, Digital Natives tend to target at social media. Eighth, in interpersonal communication, the age gap problem exists among the authors of Digital Natives and Digital Immigrants. Ninthly, there are significant differences in Digital Native authors' value and sense of humor. Eventually, about issuing online and publishing paper books, the differences are reflected in presenting contents. Changing creating forms will have effects on communication and business. Short passages with complete, single, and simplified words are suitable for posting online compared to long articles with in-depth, continual, complex, and extensive contents for printed versions Adjusting how to create contents from this above characteristic is certainly helpful for communication and business.

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Nahachewsky, James. "At the edge of reason: Three language and literacy educators' classroom experiences teaching born-digital students." Phd thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/1352.

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Contemporary English language arts (ELA) teachers engage students who have been born into a digital world where emergent literacies challenge the traditionally authoritative perspectives and physical boundaries of books and classrooms. This qualitative case study inquired into the classroom experiences of three senior English language arts teachers located in two western Canadian provinces in our digital-based communications age. Analyzed through a cultural studies lens, this inquirys data were collected through the methodological triangulation of classroom observation, semi-structured interview, and online journal responses. The studys findings reveal the significance of the three selected teachers textual stances and pedagogy to their students new literacies in this time of epochal communications and cultural change. A broadening horizon of textual choice and compositional possibilities complicated each of the three teachers classroom practice in a subject area whose content, traditionally, relies upon reading and responding to print-based canonical texts. Each of these teachers was working In medias res to understand which texts and textual practices should be held on to, and which could be relinquished for the benefit of their students language learning. A major concern that emerged for each of these three educators was a perceived loss of deep critical readings by their students. This concern was counter-balanced for the subject area specialists by an emergent understanding of the affordances of a broadening set of texts and textual practices a developing awareness that students critical literacies can emerge in a rhizomal manner, and that teachers and students can co-author their literacy experiences within the (con)text of the ELA classroom. For these three participants, teaching ELA has become an ellipsis in a digital-based age where certain previously privileged texts and a sense of authority need to be relinquished in order to achieve the co-constructed understanding of word and world so valued by these educators and their students. Secondary Education

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Hesemeier, Susan. "Digital Short Fiction and its Social Networks." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/32732.

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This thesis considers how the digital medium and social networks affect the short story. I argue that digital short fiction has shown changes, such as signs of becoming more modular or briefer than its print counterparts, and that it has also reflected a shift to the personal or semi-autobiographical story. Digital short fiction has also been used increasingly to market a publisher’s or author’s name or non-digital works. I begin contextualizing this shift in Chapter 1 by analyzing different approaches to the study of the short story, including an overview of generic and historical scholarship, and I conclude with a working definition of the short story. In Chapter 2, I analyze early digital short fiction along with the themes of contemporary fiction in general that have been affected by digital media, social networks, and other changes. I also consider digital short fiction in the context of its publication media, postmodernism, and changes in communication in general. In Chapter 3, I verify these considerations with responses to questionnaires sent to writers of short fiction both on the Web and off. By studying these writers’ conceptions of the short story, preferred publication media, and writing habits, I build on the working definitions of the short story from Chapters 1 and 2. In Chapter 4, I consider the effects on the short story and conclude that we can update print-based conceptions of the short story to include born-digital short fiction and accommodate the contemporary shift in general to modularity, open source, social networks, and the focus on the self. Rather than establishing a concrete definition of what short fiction is at this time, I conclude that a better approach is to replace pre-defined categories with an acknowledgement that the short story is perhaps shifting closer to pre-print storytelling roots, although within the confines of current limitations such as copyright and the attention span of contemporary readers. Although we cannot fully quantify these changes at this time, I argue that they impact the short story and require scholars to consider its paratexts and publication media differently than in pre-Web years.

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Pereira, Marta Carqueja. "Uppsala Model vs. Born Global theory : the case of Bind’s internationalization." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/18394.

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The term Born Global was defined in 1993 and since then, a lot of research has been focused in trying to explain these firms’ rapid internationalization. However, none of this research had focused in the internationalization process of Internet based Born Globals, while over the last years, companies, which use Internet as their primary distribution channel, have been increasing. In order to understand the internationalization behaviour of Bind, which is selling a digital product and is headquartered in Portugal but doing business on a global scale, this thesis applies the traditional model of internationalization, the U-Model, and the Born Global theory to this case. Using a comparison of both theories, this study tries to understand and explain the internationalization of Bind and which limitations this company’ internationalization imposes to the existent theories. Based on the evidence of a single case study and considering that this company’s business occurs on the Internet, I conclude that Bind internationalization is better explained using the Born Global theory and can be consider a Born-again Global firm. Though, the role of the networks, the international experience of the founder and the choice of target countries according to the psychic distance factor proposed by the BG theory, were not observed in this case study, which made me conclude that the Uppsala Model explains better this aspects of this company’s internationalization. O termo ‘Born Global’ foi definido em 1993 e desde então muita investigação tem sido feita para tentar explicar a rápida internacionalização destas empresas. No entanto, nenhuma das investigações concentrou-se no processo de internacionalização das ‘Born Globals’ que vendem online, embora ao longo dos últimos anos as empresas que utilizam a Internet como o seu principal canal de distribuição, têm vindo a aumentar. A empresa Bind vende um produto digital, está sediada em Portugal e atua numa escala global. A fim de compreender a sua internacionalização esta tese aplica o modelo tradicional de internacionalização, o Modelo de Uppsala, e a teoria das ‘Born Global’ a este caso. Comparando as duas teorias, este estudo procura compreender e explicar a internacionalização da Bind e perceber as limitações que a internacionalização desta empresa impõe às teorias existentes. Baseada nas evidências de um estudo de caso e considerando que o negócio desta empresa ocorre na Internet, concluo que a teoria das ‘Born Global’ é a que melhor explica a internacionalização da Bind e que esta empresa pode ser considerada uma ‘Born-again Global’. No entanto, o papel das redes sociais, a experiência internacional do fundador e a escolha de países-alvo de acordo com o fator ‘psychic distance’ propostos pela teoria ‘Born Global’, não foram observados neste estudo de caso, o que me levou a concluir que o Modelo de Uppsala explica melhor estes aspectos da internacionalização desta empresa.

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Gomes, Francisco José Correia. "How to successfully manage the early internationalisation process of a Digital Marketing agency." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/18411.

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Digital Marketing is one of the biggest business trends today, with this market experiencing consecutive growth over the last years. Its attractiveness acts as a trigger for the emergence of Born Global firms, which focus on selling online advertising services. Such firms target several foreign markets from inception. This challenges traditional internationalisation theories, like the Uppsala model, in which international expansion is seen as more of an incremental process. The aim of this dissertation is to understand how digital marketing agencies can follow a successful and sustainable internationalisation process. The final output is to combine guidelines that can be seen as a structure to follow regarding internationalisation. It focuses on the start of foreign expansion activities, by building a framework that describes how online advertising agencies should expand given the characteristics of their business. To accomplish this, a case-study research approach was employed, in which key informants in leading Digital Marketing agencies in the Portuguese market were interviewed. To support the given recommendations, financial data regarding the foreign operations of one of them was analysed. Findings indicate that Portuguese digital marketing agencies should follow a hybrid internationalisation model, with characteristics from both traditional school of thought (Uppsala Model) and the most recent theories (Born Global and the importance of networks). Agencies at the beginning of their internationalisation process should start by carefully selecting and evaluating their networking potential, in order to find the best partners to work with in each country. However, they should also carry out extensive strategic analysis to assess their cultural, administrative, geographical, economical and digital distance to the different countries they could potentially target. Market knowledge and the commitment of resources must be carefully managed in order to reduce uncertainty and, therefore, risk. The entry modes in the different markets must be characterised by the moderate level of control, low resource commitment and the establishment of sales force in the foreign market, so that the firm can achieve sustainability and keep entering new markets. O Marketing Digital surge como uma das maiores tendências de negócios nos dias de hoje, crescendo em volume ano após ano. A atratividade desta área surge como o impulso ao aparecimento de empresas categorizadas como “Born Globals”, focadas no digital. Esta nova classe de empresas ataca diversos mercados internacionais desde o momento da sua criação. Isto põe em causa os modelos clássicos de expansão a novos mercados, como a escola de Uppsala, que vêm a internacionalização como um processo essencialmente incremental. O objetivo desta dissertação passa por compreender como podem as empresas de Marketing Digital Portuguesas seguir um processo de internacionalização sustentável. O foco da pesquisa está no início da atividade internacional e pretende criar um modelo capaz de descrever o processo de internacionalização ideal, tendo em conta as particularidades da indústria. De modo a atingir o objetivo proposto, foi seguido um formato de estudo de caso onde elementos chave da estrutura de duas empresas de Marketing Digital foram entrevistados. Com o intuito de triangular informação, dados financeiros das operações nos primeiros países onde uma das empresas começou a sua atividade internacional foram igualmente analisados. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que as agências de Marketing Digital Portuguesas devem seguir um modelo híbrido de internacionalização, com características dos diferentes modelos apresentados. Agências que pretendam começar o seu processo de internacionalização deverão ter o maior cuidado na seleção e avaliação da sua rede de contactos, de forma a encontrar o parceiro ideal com quem trabalhar em conjunto, tal como efetuar uma extensa análise estratégica em relação ao país no qual pretendem entrar. A análise estratégica deve avaliar os países tendo em conta a sua distância cultural, administrativa, geográfica, económica e digital em relação ao país de origem. O conhecimento do mercado e a alocação de recursos devem ser geridos de forma a reduzir a incerteza e o risco. Os modos de entrada para o início de uma atividade internacional nos diferentes mercados devem ser caracterizados por um nível médio de controlo das operações e uma modesta alocação de recursos. Devem ainda definir como prioridade o investimento na área comercial do país de destino, para que a empresa atinja a sustentabilidade e continue o seu processo de entrada em novos mercados.

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Kumar, Deepak. "Methods for Text Segmentation from Scene Images." Thesis, 2014. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/2693.

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Recognition of text from camera-captured scene/born-digital images help in the development of aids for the blind, unmanned navigation systems and spam filters. However, text in such images is not confined to any page layout, and its location within in the image is random in nature. In addition, motion blur, non-uniform illumination, skew, occlusion and scale-based degradations increase the complexity in locating and recognizing the text in a scene/born-digital image. Text localization and segmentation techniques are proposed for the born-digital image data set. The proposed OTCYMIST technique won the first place and placed in the third position for its performance on the text segmentation task in ICDAR 2011 and ICDAR 2013 robust reading competitions for born-digital image data set, respectively. Here, Otsu’s binarization and Canny edge detection are separately carried out on the three colour planes of the image. Connected components (CC’s) obtained from the segmented image are pruned based on thresholds applied on their area and aspect ratio. CC’s with sufficient edge pixels are retained. The centroids of the individual CC’s are used as nodes of a graph. A minimum spanning tree is built using these nodes of the graph. Long edges are broken from the minimum spanning tree of the graph. Pairwise height ratio is used to remove likely non-text components. CC’s are grouped based on their proximity in the horizontal direction to generate bounding boxes (BB’s) of text strings. Overlapping BB’s are removed using an overlap area threshold. Non-overlapping and minimally overlapping BB’s are used for text segmentation. These BB’s are split vertically to localize text at the word level. A word cropped from a document image can easily be recognized using a traditional optical character recognition (OCR) engine. However, recognizing a word, obtained by manually cropping a scene/born-digital image, is not trivial. Existing OCR engines do not handle these kinds of scene word images effectively. Our intention is to first segment the word image and then pass it to the existing OCR engines for recognition. In two aspects, it is advantageous: it avoids building a character classifier from scratch and reduces the word recognition task to a word segmentation task. Here, we propose two bottom-up approaches for the task of word segmentation. These approaches choose different features at the initial stage of segmentation. Power-law transform (PLT) was applied to the pixels of the gray scale born-digital images to non-linearly modify the histogram. The recognition rate achieved on born-digital word images is 82.9%, which is 20% more than the top performing entry (61.5%) in ICDAR 2011 robust reading competition. In addition, we explored applying PLT to the colour planes such as red, green, blue, intensity and lightness plane by varying the gamma value. We call this technique as Nonlinear enhancement and selection of plane (NESP) for optimal segmentation, which is an improvement over PLT. NESP chooses a particular plane with a proper gamma value based on Fisher discrimination factor. The recognition rate is 72.8% for scene images of ICDAR 2011 robust reading competition, which is 30% higher than the best entry (41.2%). The recognition rate is 81.7% and 65.9% for born-digital and scene images of ICDAR 2013 robust reading competition, respectively, using NESP. Another technique, midline analysis and propagation of segmentation (MAPS), has also been proposed. Here, the middle row pixels of the gray scale image are first segmented and the statistics of the segmented pixels are used to assign text and non-text labels to the rest of the image pixels using min-cut method. Gaussian model is fitted on the middle row segmented pixels before the assignment of other pixels. In MAPS, we assume the middle row pixels are least affected by any of the degradations. This assumption is validated by the good word recognition rate of 71.7% on ICDAR 2011 robust reading competition for scene images. The recognition rate is 83.8% and 66.0% for born-digital and scene images of ICDAR 2013 robust reading competition, respectively, using MAPS. The best reported results for ICDAR 2003 word images is 61.1% using custom lexicons containing the list of test words. On the other hand, NESP and MAPS achieve 66.2% and 64.5% for ICDAR 2003 word images without using any lexicon. By using similar custom lexicon, the recognition rates for ICDAR 2003 word images go up to 74.9% and 74.2% for NESP and MAPS methods, respectively. In place of passing an image segmented by a method, manually segmented word image is submitted to an OCR engine for benchmarking maximum possible recognition rate for each database. The recognition rates of the proposed methods and the benchmark results are reported on the seven publicly available word image data sets and compared with these of reported results in the literature. Since no good Kannada OCR is available, a classifier is designed to recognize Kannada characters and words from Chars74k data set and our own image collection, respectively. Discrete cosine transform (DCT) and block DCT are used as features to train separate classifiers. Kannada words are segmented using the same techniques (MAPS and NESP) and further segmented into groups of components, since a Kannada character may be represented by a single component or a group of components in an image. The recognition rate on Kannada words is reported for different features with and without the use of a lexicon. The obtained recognition performance for Kannada character recognition (11.4%) is three times the best performance (3.5%) reported in the literature.

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