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1
Anderson, David P. "BOINC: A Platform for Volunteer Computing." Journal of Grid Computing 18, no. 1 (2019): 99–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10723-019-09497-9.
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Abstract“Volunteer computing” is the use of consumer digital devices for high-throughput scientific computing. It can provide large computing capacity at low cost, but presents challenges due to device heterogeneity, unreliability, and churn. BOINC, a widely-used open-source middleware system for volunteer computing, addresses these challenges. We describe BOINC’s features, architecture, implementation, and algorithms.
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Fernández-Soriano, Francisco Luis, Belén López, Raquel Martínez-España, Andrés Muñoz, and Magdalena Cantabella. "Use of Computing Devices as Sensors to Measure Their Impact on Primary and Secondary Students’ Performance." Sensors 19, no. 14 (2019): 3226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19143226.
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The constant innovation in new technologies and the increase in the use of computing devices in different areas of the society have contributed to a digital transformation in almost every sector. This digital transformation has also reached the world of education, making it possible for members of the educational community to adopt Learning Management Systems (LMS), where the digital contents replacing the traditional textbooks are exploited and managed. This article aims to study the relationship between the type of computing device from which students access the LMS and how affects their performance. To achieve this, the LMS accesses of students in a school comprising from elementary to bachelor’s degree stages have been monitored by means of different computing devices acting as sensors to gather data such as the type of device and operating system used by the students.The main conclusion is that students who access the LMS improve significantly their performance and that the type of device and the operating system has an influence in the number of passed subjects. Moreover, a predictive model has been generated to predict the number of passed subjects according to these factors, showing promising results.
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Burford, Sally, and Sora Park. "The impact of mobile tablet devices on human information behaviour." Journal of Documentation 70, no. 4 (2014): 622–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-09-2012-0123.
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Purpose – Mobile computing devices are a significant access point for information activities. Theories and models of human information behaviour have developed over several decades but have not considered the role of the user's computing device in digital information interactions. The purpose of this paper is to explore the information behaviours of young adults when they are given unlimited access to mobile tablet devices. Design/methodology/approach – As information tasks, behaviours and communities shift into digital environments, a researcher of these phenomena is required to mirror that movement with techniques that allow a full exploration of human behaviour and interaction in the online world. Following Kozinets (2009), “netnography” (ethnography in online communities) is applied in this study and all data are collected online from within a community of iPad users, established for the research purpose. Findings – This study reveals that access to mobile tablet devices creates significant shifts in the behaviours of young adults whose lives are immersed in digital information. Mobile tablet devices establish the potential for constant access to digital information and that opportunity is grasped by the participants in this research. Extensive use of mobile device applications or “apps” establishes a more selected and restricted view of information than that encountered in the open and expansive World Wide Web. Originality/value – This paper invites extension to human information behaviour theories and models to include a consideration of computing access device and of new mobility and constancy of access – all of which changes the circumstances and behaviour of the information actor.
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Yoon, Chansoo, Gwangtaek Oh, and Bae Ho Park. "Ion-Movement-Based Synaptic Device for Brain-Inspired Computing." Nanomaterials 12, no. 10 (2022): 1728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12101728.
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As the amount of data has grown exponentially with the advent of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things, computing systems with high energy efficiency, high scalability, and high processing speed are urgently required. Unlike traditional digital computing, which suffers from the von Neumann bottleneck, brain-inspired computing can provide efficient, parallel, and low-power computation based on analog changes in synaptic connections between neurons. Synapse nodes in brain-inspired computing have been typically implemented with dozens of silicon transistors, which is an energy-intensive and non-scalable approach. Ion-movement-based synaptic devices for brain-inspired computing have attracted increasing attention for mimicking the performance of the biological synapse in the human brain due to their low area and low energy costs. This paper discusses the recent development of ion-movement-based synaptic devices for hardware implementation of brain-inspired computing and their principles of operation. From the perspective of the device-level requirements for brain-inspired computing, we address the advantages, challenges, and future prospects associated with different types of ion-movement-based synaptic devices.
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Koprawi, Muhammad. "Parallel Computation in Uncompressed Digital Images Using Computer Unified Device Architecture and Open Computing Language." PIKSEL : Penelitian Ilmu Komputer Sistem Embedded and Logic 8, no. 1 (2020): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33558/piksel.v8i1.2017.
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In general, a computer program will execute instructions serially. These instructions will be run on the CPU or referred to as serial computing. But when computing is run in large numbers, the time required by serial computing becomes very long. Therefore, we need another computation that can streamline data processing time such as parallel computing. Parallel computing can be done on GPUs (Graphical Processing Units) that are run with the help of toolkits such as CUDA (Computer Unified Device Architecture) and OpenCL (Open Computing Language). CUDA can only be run on NVIDIA graphics cards, while OpenCL can be run on all types of graphics cards. This research will compare the performance of parallel computing time between CUDA and OpenCL tested on uncompressed digital images. The digital image tested has several different sizes. The results of the study are expected to be a reference for digital image processing methods.
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Yeh, Her-Tyan, Juing-Shian Chiou, and Ting-Jun Zhou. "A Karaoke System with Real-Time Media Merging and Sharing Functions for a Cloud-Computing-Integrated Mobile Device." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/713589.
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Mobile devices such as personal digital assistants (PDAs), smartphones, and tablets have increased in popularity and are extremely efficient for work-related, social, and entertainment uses. Popular entertainment services have also attracted substantial attention. Thus, relevant industries have exerted considerable efforts in establishing a method by which mobile devices can be used to develop excellent and convenient entertainment services. Because cloud-computing technology is mature and possesses a strong computing processing capacity, integrating this technology into the entertainment service function in mobile devices can reduce the data load on a system and maintain mobile device performances. This study combines cloud computing with a mobile device to design a karaoke system that contains real-time media merging and sharing functions. This system enables users to download music videos (MVs) from their mobile device and sing and record their singing by using the device. They can upload the recorded song to the cloud server where it is merged with real-time media. Subsequently, by employing a media streaming technology, users can store their personal MVs in their mobile device or computer and instantaneously share these videos with others on the Internet. Through this process, people can instantly watch shared videos, enjoy the leisure and entertainment effects of mobile devices, and satisfy their desire for singing.
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Casadei, Roberto, Danilo Pianini, Mirko Viroli, and Danny Weyns. "Digital Twins, Virtual Devices, and Augmentations for Self-Organising Cyber-Physical Collectives." Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (2021): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010349.
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The engineering of large-scale cyber-physical systems (CPS) increasingly relies on principles from self-organisation and collective computing, enabling these systems to cooperate and adapt in dynamic environments. CPS engineering also often leverages digital twins that provide synchronised logical counterparts of physical entities. In contrast, sensor networks rely on the different but related concept of virtual device that provides an abstraction of a group of sensors. In this work, we study how such concepts can contribute to the engineering of self-organising CPSs. To that end, we analyse the concepts and devise modelling constructs, distinguishing between identity correspondence and execution relationships. Based on this analysis, we then contribute to the novel concept of “collective digital twin” (CDT) that captures the logical counterpart of a collection of physical devices. A CDT can also be “augmented” with purely virtual devices, which may be exploited to steer the self-organisation process of the CDT and its physical counterpart. We underpin the novel concept with experiments in the context of the pulverisation framework of aggregate computing, showing how augmented CDTs provide a holistic, modular, and cyber-physically integrated system view that can foster the engineering of self-organising CPSs.
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Milo, Valerio, Gerardo Malavena, Christian Monzio Compagnoni, and Daniele Ielmini. "Memristive and CMOS Devices for Neuromorphic Computing." Materials 13, no. 1 (2020): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13010166.
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Neuromorphic computing has emerged as one of the most promising paradigms to overcome the limitations of von Neumann architecture of conventional digital processors. The aim of neuromorphic computing is to faithfully reproduce the computing processes in the human brain, thus paralleling its outstanding energy efficiency and compactness. Toward this goal, however, some major challenges have to be faced. Since the brain processes information by high-density neural networks with ultra-low power consumption, novel device concepts combining high scalability, low-power operation, and advanced computing functionality must be developed. This work provides an overview of the most promising device concepts in neuromorphic computing including complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and memristive technologies. First, the physics and operation of CMOS-based floating-gate memory devices in artificial neural networks will be addressed. Then, several memristive concepts will be reviewed and discussed for applications in deep neural network and spiking neural network architectures. Finally, the main technology challenges and perspectives of neuromorphic computing will be discussed.
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Saxena, Vishal, Xinyu Wu, Ira Srivastava, and Kehan Zhu. "Towards Neuromorphic Learning Machines Using Emerging Memory Devices with Brain-Like Energy Efficiency." Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications 8, no. 4 (2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jlpea8040034.
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The ongoing revolution in Deep Learning is redefining the nature of computing that is driven by the increasing amount of pattern classification and cognitive tasks. Specialized digital hardware for deep learning still holds its predominance due to the flexibility offered by the software implementation and maturity of algorithms. However, it is being increasingly desired that cognitive computing occurs at the edge, i.e., on hand-held devices that are energy constrained, which is energy prohibitive when employing digital von Neumann architectures. Recent explorations in digital neuromorphic hardware have shown promise, but offer low neurosynaptic density needed for scaling to applications such as intelligent cognitive assistants (ICA). Large-scale integration of nanoscale emerging memory devices with Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) mixed-signal integrated circuits can herald a new generation of Neuromorphic computers that will transcend the von Neumann bottleneck for cognitive computing tasks. Such hybrid Neuromorphic System-on-a-chip (NeuSoC) architectures promise machine learning capability at chip-scale form factor, and several orders of magnitude improvement in energy efficiency. Practical demonstration of such architectures has been limited as performance of emerging memory devices falls short of the expected behavior from the idealized memristor-based analog synapses, or weights, and novel machine learning algorithms are needed to take advantage of the device behavior. In this article, we review the challenges involved and present a pathway to realize large-scale mixed-signal NeuSoCs, from device arrays and circuits to spike-based deep learning algorithms with ‘brain-like’ energy-efficiency.
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Efanov, D. V. "Fault-tolerant Structures of Digital Devices Based on Boolean Complement with the Calculations Checking by Sum Codes." Èlektronnoe modelirovanie 43, no. 5 (2021): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/emodel.43.05.021.
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The article considers the construction of fault-tolerant digital devices and computing systems that does not use the principles of introducing modular redundancy. To correct the signals, a special distorted signal fixation unit, concurrent error-detection by the pre-selected redundant code circuit, as well as a signal correction block are used. The distorted signal fixation unit is implemented by the Boolean complement method, which makes it possible to design a large number of such blocks with different indicators of technical implementation complexity. When synthesizing a fault-tolerant device according to the proposed method, it is possible to organize a concurrent error-detection circuit for both the source device and the Boolean complement block in the structure of the distorted signal fixation unit. This makes it possible to choose among the variety of ways to implement fault-tolerant devices according to the proposed method, one that gives a device with the least structural redundancy. Various redundant codes can be used to organize concurrent error-detection circuits, including classical and modified sum codes. The author provides algorithms for the synthesis of distorted signal fixation unit and the Boolean complement block. The results of experimental researches with combinational benchmarks devices from the well-known LG’91 and MCNC Benchmarks sets are highlighted. The article presents the possibilities of the considered method for the organization of faulttolerant digital devices and computing systems.
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Kondapalli, Sri Harsha, Xuan Zhang, and Shantanu chakrabartty. "Energy-Dissipation Limits in Variance-Based Computing." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 17, no. 02 (2018): 1850013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021947751850013x.
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Variance-based logic (VBL) uses the fluctuations or the variance in the state of a particle or a physical quantity to represent different logic levels. In this paper, we show that compared to the traditional bi-stable logic representation, the variance-based representation can theoretically achieve a superior performance trade-off (in terms of energy dissipation and information capacity) when operating at fundamental limits imposed by thermal noise. We show that, in addition to the universal KT ln(1/[Formula: see text]) energy dissipation required for a single bit flip, a bi-stable logic device needs to dissipate at least 4.35[Formula: see text]KT/bit of energy, whereas under similar operating conditions, a VBL device reduces the additional energy dissipation requirements down to sub-KT/bit. These theoretical results are generally enough to be applicable to different instantiations and variants of VBL ranging from digital processors based on energy-scavenging or to processors based on the emerging valleytronic devices.
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Shukla, Vandana, O. P. Singh, G. R. Mishra, and R. K. Tiwari. "Design and Implementation of Four Bit Binary Shifter Circuit Using Reversible Logic Approach." International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) 4, no. 3 (2015): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijres.v4.i3.pp213-218.
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Shifter circuits are the key component of arithmetic logic unit as well as storage unit of any digital computing device. Designing these shifter circuits using reversible logic approach leads to create low power loss digital systems. Reversible circuit design approach is nowadays widely applicable in various disciplines such as Nanotechnology, Low power CMOS design, Optical computing etc. This paper presents two design approaches for four bit binary combinational shifter circuit with the help of different types of reversible logic gates. The proposed optimized design is simulated using Modelsim tool and synthesised for Xilinx Spartan 3E with Device XC3S500E with 200 MHz frequency.
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HINTIKKA, JAAKKO, and GABRIEL SANDU. "WHAT IS THE LOGIC OF PARALLEL PROCESSING?" International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 06, no. 01 (1995): 27–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054195000044.
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We can associate with each consistent formula F of first-order logic a computing device as its representation. This computing device is one which will calculate the Skolem functions of F (for a denumerable domain). When two such devices are operating in parallel, the resulting architecture does not necessarily represent any ordinary first-order formula, but it will represent a formula in independence-friendly (IF) logic, which hence can be considered as a true logic of parallel processing. In order to preserve representability by a digital automaton (Turing machine), a nonstandard (constructivistic) interpretation of the logic in question has to be adopted. It is obtained by restricting the Skolem functions available to verify a formula F to recursive ones, as in the Gödel’s Dialectica interpretation.
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Efanov, D. V. "Transitions weight-based sum code for the digital computing devices synthesis." Èlektronnoe modelirovanie 43, no. 6 (2021): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/emodel.43.06.061.
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A method for constructing a family of sum codes is described based on weighting the transitions between groups of bits in the data vector. In this case, weights are used that are powers of the number 2. This makes it possible to obtain a code with check bits described by linear functions. The proposed weight-based sum code makes it possible to synthesize self-checking devices based on the standard elements and optimization methods of the logical device’s structures. A standard structure of a device with a concurrent error-detection (CED) circuit based on transitions weight-based sum codes between bits groups in the data vector is presented. The standard structure advantage lies in the possibility of synthesizing CED circuits with technical implementation reduced complexity by using codes with check bits numbers that are much smaller than the data bits numbers. Self-checking devices synthesized using the described codes in some cases may turn out to be less redundant than when using the standard duplication structure. The structure disadvantage is the need to consider the restrictions on the multiplicity of errors arising at the outputs of the diagnostic objects. This limitation increases with a decrease in the number of check bits. Despite this, in many cases, the use of a standard structure based on transitions weight-based sum code between groups of digits in the data vector makes it possible to synthesize self-checking digital devices. Using a standard structure for organizing a CED circuit allows going to implement of fault-tolerant digital devices according to standard structures, one of which is given in this article.
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Cheng, Jinn-Shing, Echo Huang, and Chuan-Lang Lin. "An e-book hub service based on a cloud platform." International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 13, no. 5 (2012): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v13i5.1251.
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Due to the constant performance upgrades and regular price reductions of mobile devices in recent years, users are able to take advantage of the various devices to obtain digital content regardless of the limitations of time and place. The increasing use of e-books has stimulated new e-learning approaches. This research project developed an e-book hub service on a cloud computing platform in order to overcome the limitations of computing capability and storage capacity that are inherent in many mobile devices. The e-book hub service also allows users to automatically adjust the rendering of multimedia pages at different resolutions on terminal units such as smartphones, tablets, PCs, and so forth. We implemented an e-book hub service on OpenStack, which is a free and open-source cloud computing platform supported by multiple large firms. The OpenStack platform provides a large-scale distributed computing environment that allows users to build their own cloud systems in a public, private, or hybrid environment. Our e-book hub system offers content providers an easy-to-use cloud computing service with unlimited storage capacity, fluent playback, high usability and scalability, and high security characteristics to produce, convert, and manage their e-books. The integration of information and communication technologies has led the traditional publishing industry to new horizons with abundant digital content publications. Results from this study may help content providers create a new service model with increased profitability and enable mobile device users to easily get digital content, thereby achieving the goal of e-learning.<br /><br />
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Sapozhnikov, N. E., V. G. Zolotykh, and A. S. Zakharov. "About Possibilities of the Probabilistic Form of Information Representation in Military Computing Devices." Intellekt. Sist. Proizv. 19, no. 4 (2021): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22213/2410-9304-2021-4-111-117.
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At present, digital signal processing involves enormous amounts of computations with large-bit arrays, which are carried out in real time. In connection with the need to solve more and more complex problems, constantly growing requirements are imposed on the main parameters of digital processors (speed, reliability, power consumption, etc.), which determine the computing capabilities of systems with digital signal processing. In turn, the rapid development of microelectronics, its successes make it possible to create more and more high-performance computing systems, which makes it possible to solve more and more complex problems, including in the military sphere. The production of the latest information technology means is a technological task that can be solved exclusively by economically developed countries. Bringing domestic microelectronics to the current world level requires significant investments. Therefore, the study and research of discrete nodes and devices is of the direct practical importance. When developing promising computers, new technological approaches should be applied: minimizing power consumption, maintaining modularity and high computational density within a single node, creating high-speed data transmission with the lowest delays, creating an efficient storage system, and choosing the best types of memory. One of such possible approaches is the use of a non-positional form of information presentation in computing systems for national and military purposes. This gives a number of advantages, the main ones of which are: a decrease (by orders of magnitude) in the hardware volume of computing devices, an increase in the speed of calculations, an increase in the noise immunity of communication channels. To use the above method, it is proposed to include a probabilistic arithmetic device in the information processing device that performs basic arithmetic operations (addition, multiplication, exponentiation, subtraction, division), which are performed without the use of additional algorithms and mechanisms, in contrast to “classical" digital representation of binary information, where all operations are performed on the basis of the addition operation.
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Yao, Min. "Research on the Frame System of Digital Library Mobile Cloud Service Platform." Advanced Materials Research 1061-1062 (December 2014): 1079–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1061-1062.1079.
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Mobile cloud computing provides a deeper hierarchical tangibility for the construction and environment of digital library and mobile cloud services will certainly become the service mode of the future digital library. From three aspects: information resources integration, the expansion of mobile terminal device capability, information service innovation, this paper discusses upgrade of overall strength of mobile cloud design to digital library information service. At the same time, it also detailed introduces the main function of mobile computing platform layer, mobile cloud library platform layer and mobile terminal application layer.
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Vozna, N., A. Davletova, Ya Nykolaychuk, and V. Gryga. "Improvement of multi-digital multiplicating devices structures in different theoretical and numerical bases." Computer systems and network 3, no. 1 (2021): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/csn2021.01.007.
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The article proposes methods for improving the structures of multi-bit multipliers, which are characterized by increased speed, reduced structural complexity of the device and reduced structural complexity of inputs and outputs depending on the bit multipliers (512-2048 bits), respectively (1024- 4096) times, compared with known multipliers based on classic single-digit full adders. Optimization of structures of multi-bit multipliers is offered. Comparative estimates of structural, functional and relative functional and structural complexities of their circuit implementations are given. The use of optimized circuit solutions of multipliers allows to significantly improve the system characteristics of complex computing devices with a large number of such components in the crystals of microelectronic technologies.
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Lukac, Martin, Michitaka Kameyama, Marek Perkowski, and Pawel Kerntopf. "Using homing, synchronizing and distinguishing input sequences for the analysis of reversible finite state machines." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 32, no. 3 (2019): 417–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee1903417l.
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A digital device is called reversible if it realizes a reversible mapping, i.e., the one for which there exist a unique inverse. The ?eld of reversible computing is devoted to studying all aspects of using and designing reversible devices. During last 15 years this ?eld has been developing very intensively due to its applications in quantum computing, nanotechnology and reducing power consumption of digital devices. We present an analysis of the Reversible Finite State Machines (RFSM) with respect to three well known sequences used in the testability analysis of the classical Finite State Machines (FSM). The homing, distinguishing and synchronizing sequences are applied to two types of reversible FSMs: the converging FSM (CRFSM) and the non-converging FSM (NCRFSM) and the effect is studied and analyzed. We show that while only certain classical FSMs possess all three sequences, CRFSMs and NCRF-SMs have properties allowing to directly determine what type of sequences these machines possess.
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H Hasan, Mohammad, Ali Al-Ramini, Eihab Abdel-Rahman, Roozbeh Jafari, and Fadi Alsaleem. "Colocalized Sensing and Intelligent Computing in Micro-Sensors." Sensors 20, no. 21 (2020): 6346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216346.
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This work presents an approach to delay-based reservoir computing (RC) at the sensor level without input modulation. It employs a time-multiplexed bias to maintain transience while utilizing either an electrical signal or an environmental signal (such as acceleration) as an unmodulated input signal. The proposed approach enables RC carried out by sufficiently nonlinear sensory elements, as we demonstrate using a single electrostatically actuated microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device. The MEMS sensor can perform colocalized sensing and computing with fewer electronics than traditional RC elements at the RC input (such as analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters). The performance of the MEMS RC is evaluated experimentally using a simple classification task, in which the MEMS device differentiates between the profiles of two signal waveforms. The signal waveforms are chosen to be either electrical waveforms or acceleration waveforms. The classification accuracy of the presented MEMS RC scheme is found to be over 99%. Furthermore, the scheme is found to enable flexible virtual node probing rates, allowing for up to 4× slower probing rates, which relaxes the requirements on the system for reservoir signal sampling. Finally, our experiments show a noise-resistance capability for our MEMS RC scheme.
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Riadidana, Richard, and Yustinus Eko Soelistio. "Is It Worth It? Perbandingan Pencatatan Inventori Pembukuan Manual dan Pembukuan Digital." Jurnal ULTIMA InfoSys 5, no. 2 (2014): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31937/si.v5i2.266.
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Green Computing is a computational resources that maximize energy efficiency and prolong the use of a device that is used , minimizing the use of paper or a book , and the electrical energy that is used every day . This paper explore the possibility to compare the cost and searching speed using Green Computing definition approach in an inventory system between using human labor, Microsoft Excel, and Inflow Inventory application. The comparison includes the data rate cost from local electricity company (PLN) and 450 samples of data. The result shows that the larger cost is incurred by using applications than using human labor. However, using applications can conclude to faster searching process than using human labor.
 Index Terms - Green computing, power efficiency, time efficiency
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Smith, Zachary J., Sven Strombom, and Sebastian Wachsmann-Hogiu. "Multivariate optical computing using a digital micromirror device for fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy." Optics Express 19, no. 18 (2011): 16950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.19.016950.
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Le Gallo, Manuel, S. R. Nandakumar, Lazar Ciric, et al. "Precision of bit slicing with in-memory computing based on analog phase-change memory crossbars." Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering 2, no. 1 (2022): 014009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/ac4fb7.
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Abstract In-memory computing is a promising non-von Neumann approach to perform certain computational tasks efficiently within memory devices by exploiting their physical attributes. However, the computational accuracy achieved with this approach has been rather low, owing to significant inter-device variability and inhomogeneity across an array as well as intra-device variability and randomness from the analog memory devices. Bit slicing, a technique for constructing a high precision processor from several modules of lower precision, is a promising approach for overcoming this accuracy limitation. However, a systematic study to assess the precision ultimately achieved by bit slicing with analog in-memory computing has so far been lacking. In this work, we assess the computational error from bit slicing when performing in-memory matrix-vector multiplications. Using accurate models of phase-change memory crossbar arrays, we demonstrate that unlike in digital processors where bit slicing is used to extend the dynamic range of the number representation, bit slicing with in-memory computing should aim at minimizing the error from the analog matrix representation through averaging within a given dynamic range. The results are validated using a prototype phase-change memory chip and the impact on the neural network inference accuracy on CIFAR-10 and ImageNet benchmarks is evaluated.
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Kreitem, Hanna M., and Massimo Ragnedda. "Distributed pool mining and digital inequalities, From cryptocurrency to scientific research." Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 18, no. 3 (2020): 339–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jices-02-2020-0018.
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Purpose This paper aims to look at shifts in internet-related content and services economies, from audience labour economies to Web 2.0 user-generated content, and the emerging model of user computing power utilisation, powered by blockchain technologies. The authors look at and test three models of user computing power utilisation based on distributed computing (Coinhive, Cryptotab and Gridcoin) two of which use cryptocurrency mining through distributed pool mining techniques, while the third is based on distributed computing of calculations for scientific research. The three models promise benefits to their users, which the authors discuss throughout the paper, studying how they interplay with the three levels of the digital divide. Design/methodology/approach The goal of this article is twofold as follows: first to discuss how using the mining hype may reduce digital inequalities, and secondly to demonstrate how these services offer a new business model based on value rewarding in exchange for computational power, which would allow more online opportunities for people, and thus reduce digital inequalities. Finally, this contribution discusses and proposes a method for a fair revenue model for content and online service providers that uses user device computing resources or computational power, rather than their data and attention. The method is represented by a model that allows for consensual use of user computing resources in exchange for accessing content and using software tools and services, acting essentially as an alternative online business model. Findings Allowing users to convert their devices’ computational power into value, whether through access to services or content or receiving cryptocurrency and payments in return for providing services or content or direct computational powers, contributes to bridging digital divides, even at fairly small levels. Secondly, the advent of blockchain technologies is shifting power relations between end-users and content developers and service providers and is a necessity for the decentralisation of internet and internet services. Originality/value The article studies the effect of services that rely on distributed computing and mining on digital inequalities, by looking at three different case studies – Coinhive, Gridcoin and Cryptotab – that promise to provide value in return for using computing resources. The article discusses how these services may reduce digital inequalities by affecting the three levels of the digital divide, namely, access to information and communication technologies (ICTs) (first level), skills and motivations in using ICTs (second level) and capacities in using ICTs to get concrete benefits (third level).
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Bezmen, P. A. "Integration of Mobile Robot Control System Data Using the Extended Kalman Filter." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 23, no. 2 (2019): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2019-23-2-53-64.
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Purpose of research. The article deals with the adaptation of the algorithm of the extended Kalman filter for the integration of data from sensors of physical values of a mobile robotMethods. Integration of data is the process of information (data) fusion for determination or prediction of the state of an object. Integration provides increased robustness of robot control and accuracy of machine perception of information. This process is similar to repeated experiments in order to determine in direct and/or indirect ways the value of a physical quantity with the required accuracy. In the control system of a mobile robot, the integration of sensor data is carried out by one or more computing devices (for example, processors or microcontrollers) [1-5].Results. Advances in digital signal processing and image processing are based on new algorithms, increasing the speed of data processing by computing devices and increasing the speed of access to data stored in storage (storage devices) and the capacity of the latter. Computing devices also perform averaging and filtering of signals of individual sensors and their further matching. The problem of sustainable integration and processing of information from different measuring devices can be solved with the help of the Kalman filter algorithm. The Kalman linear filter algorithm and, in particular, the extended Kalman filter algorithm perform a large amount of computation in the course of their work. In comparison with the linear Kalman filter, the extended Kalman filter significantly increases the requirements for the computing power of the onboard computer (computing device, computer) of amobile robot.Conclusion. The main effect of integration is to obtain fundamentally new information that cannot be obtained from individual sensors. This approach relieves data channels of large (excessive) data flows coming directly from the sensors, and reduces the requirements for computing power of the computing device of the upper level of the structure of the mobile robot control system.
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Adesina, Adesoji A., Ayodele Ariyo Adebiyi, and Charles K. Ayo. "Identification of forensic artifacts from the registry of windows 10 device in relation to idrive cloud storage usage." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 1 (2022): 521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i1.3489.
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The accessibility of cloud storage over the internet as a result of cloud computing technology provides the opportunity to store, share and upload data online with the use of digital devices which can be accessed anytime and anywhere. These benefits can also be exploited by the cybercriminals to perform various criminal activities including storing and exchanging of illegal materials on cloud storage platforms. The logs of malicious usages can be obtained from the cloud service providers for forensic investigations but the privacy issue among other factors make it difficult for such logs to be shared. Therefore, there is a need to perform client-side forensics to be able to carry out forensic investigation on digital devices as related to the activities on cloud storage. This study identifies relevant artifacts that can be forensically extracted from the registry of a window 10 device that accessed iDrive cloud storage. The study explores different experimental setups for the forensic analysis and adopted an integrated conceptual digital forensic framework in the investigation process to detect relevant forensic artifacts from the registry of a windows 10 device. This study increases the knowledge of cloud storage forensics and the significance of registry analysis during digital investigations.
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Hui, Wang, Gong Chang, S. Saravanan, et al. "Revisiting FPGA Implementation of Digital Filters and Exploring Approximate Computing on Biomedical Signals." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 10, no. 9 (2020): 2000–2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2020.3129.
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In recent years, the approximate computing becomes popular in the era of VLSI (very large scale integration) domain to arrive better power, area, and delay outcomes at the cost of lower precision loss. Also, the human beings are not so intelligent to see/observe/listen the processed digital data; means even if some of the data loss occurs human beings are unable to notice them. This behavior set the engineers to research on approximate computing which are very useful in the multimedia data processing, data communications, high-volume data storage, etc. In this study, the experiments such as hum-noise removal, filters on QRS detection are implemented on an Altera FPGA EP4CEF29C7 device using Quartus II 13.1 synthesis software tool and the simulation results on device utilization reports, the speed and the power are obtained. Simulation results reveal that the approximate computational filters offer better power, area, and speed results than the conventional ones. Also, Matlab 9.4 (R2018a) simulation was used to carry out the functional verification of the actual and approximate filters.
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Jiang, Tao. "Digital Media Application Technology of Mobile Terminals Based on Edge Computing and Virtual Reality." Mobile Information Systems 2021 (July 9, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3940693.
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With the maturity of the most advanced technology and virtual reality, the application of digital media technology in various fields has become more and more extensive. Digital media technology has greatly promoted the development of all classes of society. Therefore, how to develop digital media technology applications has become a major issue. This article aims to study the digital media application technology of mobile terminals based on edge computing and virtual reality. In this paper, we use edge computing and virtual reality methods to study the digital media application technology of mobile terminals. We used the SD-CEN architecture and FWA in edge computing to conduct simulation experiments and compared the delay time performance of the FWA with that of the PSO-CO algorithm, WRR algorithm, and Pick-KX algorithm. The results of this paper show that it can effectively reduce the response delay of real-time face recognition services and improve user experience. Compared with the traditional cloud computing architecture and a single MEC device, the SD-CEN network architecture based on FWA strategy has more advantages. The latency of the FWA is increased by 61%, 46%, and 17%, respectively, compared with that of the WRR, Pick-KX, and PSO-CO algorithms.
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Song, Chao, Jing Cui, H. Wang, J. Hao, H. Feng, and Ying Li. "Quantum computation with universal error mitigation on a superconducting quantum processor." Science Advances 5, no. 9 (2019): eaaw5686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw5686.
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Medium-scale quantum devices that integrate about hundreds of physical qubits are likely to be developed in the near future. However, these devices will lack the resources for realizing quantum fault tolerance. Therefore, the main challenge of exploring the advantage of quantum computation is to minimize the impact of device and control imperfections without complete logical encoding. Quantum error mitigation is a solution satisfying the requirement. Here, we demonstrate an error mitigation protocol based on gate set tomography and quasi-probability decomposition. One- and two-qubit circuits are tested on a superconducting device, and computation errors are successfully suppressed. Because this protocol is universal for digital quantum computers and algorithms computing expected values, our results suggest that error mitigation can be an essential component of near-future quantum computation.
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Chukhno, Olga, Nadezhda Chukhno, Giuseppe Araniti, Claudia Campolo, Antonio Iera, and Antonella Molinaro. "Optimal Placement of Social Digital Twins in Edge IoT Networks." Sensors 20, no. 21 (2020): 6181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216181.
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In next-generation Internet of Things (IoT) deployments, every object such as a wearable device, a smartphone, a vehicle, and even a sensor or an actuator will be provided with a digital counterpart (twin) with the aim of augmenting the physical object’s capabilities and acting on its behalf when interacting with third parties. Moreover, such objects can be able to interact and autonomously establish social relationships according to the Social Internet of Things (SIoT) paradigm. In such a context, the goal of this work is to provide an optimal solution for the social-aware placement of IoT digital twins (DTs) at the network edge, with the twofold aim of reducing the latency (i) between physical devices and corresponding DTs for efficient data exchange, and (ii) among DTs of friend devices to speed-up the service discovery and chaining procedures across the SIoT network. To this aim, we formulate the problem as a mixed-integer linear programming model taking into account limited computing resources in the edge cloud and social relationships among IoT devices.
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Sasikala, P. "New Media Cloud Computing." International Journal of Cloud Applications and Computing 3, no. 2 (2013): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcac.2013040106.
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New Media is a generic term for the many different forms of electronic communication that are made possible through the use of computer technology. New media refers to on-demand access to content anytime, anywhere, on any digital device, as well as interactive user feedback, creative participation and community formation around the media content. Another important promise of new media is the “democratization” of the creation, publishing, distribution and consumption of media content along with real-time generation of new and user created content. Cloud computing, is a style of computing where scalable and elastic IT-related capabilities are provided as shared assorted services (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, DaaS). It is metered by use, to customers using internet technologies built on top of diverse technologies like virtualisation, distributed computing, utility computing, and more recently networking, web infrastructure and providing on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources. It represents a paradigm shift in how we think about our data, the role of our computing devices and on managing computing resources. Being an emerging service technology with promising novel and valuable capabilities it attracts industrial research community with main focus on standardisation and customised implementation in every segment of society. To meet out the ever growing popularity of the inevitable new media applications and services over the Internet and the way it overpowers mobile devices, there is a strong demand for cloud integration. This paper outlines the concepts of new media cloud computing and addresses the problem of handling exponential growth of online data. It presents a novel framework for New Media Cloud Computing. A preliminary simulation of the work on the proposed architecture shows that there is increase in the quality of computations done, despite the demand of constant updating of resources in New Media environment.
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Gumyusenge, Aristide, Armantas Melianas, Scott T. Keene, and Alberto Salleo. "Materials Strategies for Organic Neuromorphic Devices." Annual Review of Materials Research 51, no. 1 (2021): 47–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-080619-111402.
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Neuromorphic computing is becoming increasingly prominent as artificial intelligence (AI) facilitates progressively seamless interaction between humans and machines. The conventional von Neumann architecture and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor scaling are unable to meet the highly demanding computational density and energy efficiency requirements of AI. Neuromorphic computing aims to address these challenges by using brain-like computing architectures and novel synaptic memories that coallocate information storage and computation, thereby enabling low latency at high energy efficiency and high memory density. Though various emerging memory devices have been extensively studied to emulate the functionality of biological synapses, there is currently no material/device system that encompasses both the needed metrics for high-performance neuromorphic computing and the required biocompatibility for potential body-computer integration. In this review, we aim to equip the reader with general design principles and materials requirements for realizing high-performance organic neuromorphic devices. We use instructive examples from recent literature to discuss each requirement, illustrating the challenges as well as future research opportunities. Though organic devices still face many challenges to become major players in neuromorphic computing, mostly due to their lack of compliance with back-end-of-line processes required for integration with digital logic, we propose that their biocompatibility and mechanical conformability give them an advantage for creating adaptive biointerfaces, brain-machine interfaces, and biology-inspired prosthetics.
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Pan, James N. "Chromatic and Panchromatic Nonlinear Optoelectronic CMOSFETs for CMOS Image Sensors, Laser Multiplexing, Computing, and Communication." MRS Advances 5, no. 37-38 (2020): 1965–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.273.
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AbstractTraditionally, CMOS transistors are for low power, high speed, and high packing density applications. CMOS is also commonly used as power regulating devices, and light sensors (CCD or CMOS image sensors). In this paper, we would like to introduce Photonic CMOS as a light emitting device for optical computing, ASIC, power transistors, and ultra large scale integration (ULSI). A Photonic CMOS Field Effect Transistor is fabricated with a low-resistance laser or LED in the drain region, and multiple photon sensors in the channel / well regions. The MOSFET, laser, and photon sensors are fabricated as one integral transistor. With embedded nonlinear optical films, the Photonic CMOSFETs have the capability of detecting and generating focused laser beams of various frequencies to perform optical computing, signal modulation, polarization, and multiplexing for digital / analog processing and communication.
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Lochiel Glidden, Peter. "The Loss of Accuracy: Pitfalls and Implications for Mathematics Instruction." Mathematics Teacher 85, no. 9 (1992): 711–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.85.9.0711.
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Under certain conditions, any digital computing device experiences loss of accuracy, a problem that has long been a concern to specialists in mathematics and computer science. Now, however, as more classroom teachers use calculators and computers in mathematics instruction, they should know what causes accuracy to be lost and how to prevent it.
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Tian, Xue Jun, Zhi Peng Dong, and Feng Ye. "Research and Application of Carbide Blade Surface Quality Primitive Digital Automatic Detection." Advanced Materials Research 971-973 (June 2014): 1700–1705. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.971-973.1700.
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Hard alloy has been widely applied as a type of cutter material and cemented carbide cutting tools have become the main tools for processing enterprises in our country. During the blade production process, traditional artificial detection methods for surface defects can't satisfy the demands of production quality and production efficiency any longer. Online automation rapid detection has been realized based on the Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) by utilizing the computing capability of GPU.
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Zeleneva, І. Ya, Т. V. Golub, T. S. Diachuk, and А. Ye Didenko. "CONVEYOR MODEL AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REAL NUMBERS ADDER ON FPGA." ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS 33, no. 109 (2020): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/eltecs.33.109.2020.3.
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The purpose of these studies is to develop an effective structure and internal functional blocks of a digital computing device – an adder, that performs addition and subtraction operations on floating- point numbers presented in IEEE Std 754TM-2008 format. To improve the characteristics of the adder, the circuit uses conveying, that is, division into levels, each of which performs a specific action on numbers. This allows you to perform addition / subtraction operations on several numbers at the same time, which increas- es the performance of calculations, and also makes the adder suitable for use in modern synchronous cir- cuits. Each block of the conveyor structure of the adder on FPGA is synthesized as a separate project of a digital functional unit, and thus, the overall task is divided into separate subtasks, which facilitates experi- mental testing and phased debugging of the entire device. Experimental studies were performed using EDA Quartus II. The developed circuit was modeled on FPGAs of the Stratix III and Cyclone III family. An ana- logue of the developed circuit was a functionally similar device from Altera. A comparative analysis is made and reasoned conclusions are drawn that the performance improvement is achieved due to the conveyor structure of the adder. Implementation of arithmetic over the floating-point numbers on programmable logic integrated cir- cuits, in particular on FPGA, has such advantages as flexibility of use and low production costs, and also provides the opportunity to solve problems for which there are no ready-made solutions in the form of stand- ard devices presented on the market. The developed adder has a wide scope, since most modern computing devices need to process floating-point numbers. The proposed conveyor model of the adder is quite simple to implement on the FPGA and can be an alternative to using built-in multipliers and processor cores in cases where the complex functionality of these devices is redundant for a specific task.
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Parlakkılıç, Alaattin. "Responsive Mobile Learning (M-Learning) Application Design And Architecture In Fog Computing." International Journal of Modern Education Studies 3, no. 2 (2019): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.51383/ijonmes.2019.40.
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Today, digital transformation is changing the educational and social life rapidly. In contrast, organizations and educational institutions, developers, and end users do not benefit from cloud-based mobile technologies to the desired level. Mobile systems are used extensively for educational purposes in the Internet of Things (IoT) environment, and the number of online students is increasing. The real problem is how user-friendly, aesthetic mobile learning courses can be effectively delivered on different mobile devices in the desired performance and manner. The responsive design developed with fog computing should be able to provide the ability to design and use mobile learning lessons with sufficient performance, automatically adapted to any browser or device. This should ensure that every person of the target audience can benefit from the lessons without worrying about screen size, resolution, speed and even security. In this study, the fog informatics teaching strategies of mobile learning sensitive teaching design are discussed. The fog computing architecture that can be used with responsive mobile learning, utilizing mobile computing to provide seamless and low latency mobile devices, is described. Finally, a fog-based, responsive designed mobile learning education architecture has been compiled with a better understanding of the lessons and a suitable structure for the use of mobile devices in education.
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Chou, Jyun-Jhe, Ting-Wei Chang, Xin-You Liu, et al. "CIM-Based Smart Pose Detection Sensors." Sensors 22, no. 9 (2022): 3491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093491.
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The majority of digital sensors rely on von Neumann architecture microprocessors to process sampled data. When the sampled data require complex computation for 24×7, the processing element will a consume significant amount of energy and computation resources. Several new sensing algorithms use deep neural network algorithms and consume even more computation resources. High resource consumption prevents such systems for 24×7 deployment although they can deliver impressive results. This work adopts a Computing-In-Memory (CIM) device, which integrates a storage and analog processing unit to eliminate data movement, to process sampled data. This work designs and evaluates the CIM-based sensing framework for human pose recognition. The framework consists of uncertainty-aware training, activation function design, and CIM error model collection. The evaluation results show that the framework can improve the detection accuracy of three poses classification on CIM devices using binary weights from 33.3% to 91.5% while that on ideal CIM is 92.1%. Although on digital systems the accuracy is 98.7% with binary weight and 99.5% with floating weight, the energy consumption of executing 1 convolution layer on a CIM device is only 30,000 to 50,000 times less than the digital sensing system. Such a design can significantly reduce power consumption and enables battery-powered always-on sensors.
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Chernyatiev, Alexander L., and Alexander P. Lebedev. "Digital emotion analytics: a pilot study of human emotion recognition using mobile device sensors." Vestnik of Kostroma State University. Series: Pedagogy. Psychology. Sociokinetics 27, no. 4 (2022): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2073-1426-2021-27-4-200-207.
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Affective computing is a rapidly developing area at the intersection of psychology and the development of artificial intelligence systems. At the moment, systems for recognising human emotions from photos and videos (facial expressions), voice recordings (intonation), gestures, posture, gait and other data using various machine learning algorithms are actively developed. This research project is devoted to the recognition of emotions and mental states of a person through the sensors of mobile devices (accelerometer, gyroscope, etc.), which record the features of micro- and macro-hand motor skills characteristic of the states under study. The pilot study considered the possibility of fixing and differentiating psychoemotional states according to the readings of sensors of mobile devices (tablet, smartphone), using machine learning models. As a result, it was possible to obtain models that determine, according to the readings of the sensors of a mobile device in the hands of a person, whether it is in a neutral emotional state or under stress. Moreover, it was possible to differentiate the state of stress according to two modalities – stress caused by psychological reasons ("fulfillment of obligations") and psychophysiological reasons (unpleasant noise in the headphones). The statistically significant differences, as well as the relatively high accuracy of the constructed machine learning model, allow us to speak about the reliability of the results obtained, and they confirm the hypothesis about the possibility of identifying and classifying emotional states using the sensors of mobile devices.
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Peña-Cantillana, Francisco, Daniel Díaz-Pernil, Hepzibah A. Christinal, and Miguel A. Gutiérrez-Naranjo. "Implementation on CUDA of the Smoothing Problem with Tissue-Like P Systems." International Journal of Natural Computing Research 2, no. 3 (2011): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jncr.2011070103.
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Smoothing is often used in Digital Imagery for improving the quality of an image by reducing its level of noise. This paper presents a parallel implementation of an algorithm for smoothing 2D images in the framework of Membrane Computing. The chosen formal framework has been tissue-like P systems. The algorithm has been implemented by using a novel device architecture called CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) which allows the parallel NVIDIA Graphics Processors Units (GPUs) to solve many complex computational problems. Some examples are presented and compared; research lines for the future are also discussed.
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AHMED, SHEKH ABDULLAH AL-MUSA, NIK ZULKARNAEN KHIDZIR, and TSE GUAN TAN. "MOBILE DEVICE SECURITY ISSUES IN DIGITAL LITERACY FOR HIGHER LEARNING INSTITUTION." International Journal of Creative Future and Heritage (TENIAT) 8, no. 1 (2020): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47252/teniat.v8i1.291.
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Keselamatan mudah alih, atau lebih khusus keselamatan peranti mudah alih, menjadi semakin penting dalam pengkomputeran mudah alih untuk literasi digital. Literasi digital adalah kumpulan kecekapan yang diperlukan untuk penyertaan penuh dalam pengetahuan masyarakat. Ini merangkumi pengetahuan, kemahiran, dan tingkah laku yang melibatkan penggunaan alat digital yang berkesan seperti telefon pintar, tablet, komputer riba untuk tujuan komunikasi, ekspresi, kolaborasi dan sokongan. Yang menjadi perhatian utama ialah keselamatan institusi pengajian tinggi kini disimpan di telefon pintar. Seiring dengan perkembangan ini muncul sejumlah masalah keselamatan yang mempengaruhi peranti mudah alih. Peluang untuk memiliki peranti kecil dan kuat yang dihubungkan dengan internet membolehkan komunikasi berlaku dari mana sahaja di institusi pengajian tinggi. Di institusi pengajian tinggi, yang telah melekatkan telefon pintar peribadi mereka ke rangkaian institusi telah mengetahui cara mudah untuk melakukannya. Secara khusus, ada beberapa kes di mana pelajar telah membenarkan capaian peranti mudah alih peribadinya ke rangkaian institusi pengajian tinggi. Walau bagaimanapun, pentadbir sistem menghantar arahan jarak jauh ke peranti dan memerintahkannya untuk menyimpan semua data agar tidak jatuh ke tangan yang salah. Oleh itu kini wujud istilah rooting pada peranti Android. Hal merujuk kepada proses mendapatkan akses root ke peranti. Biasanya, ini melibatkan aplikasi atau skrip yang memberikan akses root kepada pengguna. Setelah akses diberikan, pengguna di institusi pengajian tinggi, dapat melakukan apa sahaja yang diinginkan tanpa sekatan. Namun, salah satu kelemahan proses ini adalah peranti ini terdedah kepada bahaya yang lebih besar dari ancaman luaran. Justeru artikel ini memberi tumpuan kepada masalah keselamatan peranti mudah alih dalam dunia digital di institusi pengajian tinggi. Hal ini bertujuan supaya pelajar institusi memiliki kebolehan kritis dan kreatif ketika melayari media massa, budaya popular dan media digital. Oleh kerana media digital menggunakan telefon pintar untuk maklumat dan artikel ini juga merujuk cara menjaga keselamatan data telefon pintar ini memandangkan kadar capaian maklumat yang semakin kerap dan cepat.
 
 Mobile security, or more specifically mobile device security, has become increasingly important in mobile computing for digital literacy. Digital literacy is the set of competencies required for full participation in knowledge of society. It includes knowledge, skills, and behaviors involving the effective use of digital devices such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops for purposes of communication, expression, collaboration and advocacy. Of particular concern is the security of higher learning institution is now stored on smartphones. Along with this expansion came a number of security issues to affect mobile devices. A chance to have a tiny and powerful device that is Internet linked allows communication from anywhere in the higher learning institution. In higher learning institution, those who have attached their personal smartphones to institutional network would have found out the easy way of doing so. Specifically, there have been a handful of cases where learners who attached their own personal devices to a higher learning institutional network. However, a system administrator sent out a remote command to the device and instructed it to store itself of all data to keep it from falling in the wrong hands. Hence in Android device having heard the term of rooting the device. Concisely, this refers to undertaking a process of gaining root access to a device. Typically, this involves running an application or script that grants root access to the user. Once access is granted, the user in the higher learning institution can do pretty much whatever the institution want on the system without restriction. However, one of the downsides of this process is that the device is now exposed to greater danger from external threats as well. Moreover, this article focuses on mobile device security issues in digital literacy in higher learning institution. It is about developing institutional learners to critical and creative abilities when it comes to mass media, popular culture and digital media. Since digital media is using smartphone for store information and article also referring how to maintain security of these smartphone data.
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Shafiabadi, Mohammad Ali, and Fazel Sharifi. "Approximate 5-2 Compressor Cell Using Spin-Based Majority Gates." SPIN 10, no. 02 (2020): 2040004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010324720400044.
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One of the most interesting solutions for decreasing the static power of computational circuits is to use approximate computing. Approximate computing has been extensively considered to trade-off limited accuracy for improvements in other circuit metrics such as area, power and performance. On the other hand, the increasing leakage power and limited scalability have become serious obstacles that prevent the continuous miniaturization of conventional CMOS-based logic circuits. Spintronic devices are being considered as a promising alternative technology for silicon-based FET to implement digital circuits. In this paper, an approximate 5-2 compressor cell is presented using spin-based devices. The proposed circuit is designed by majority gates which can be implemented very easily and efficiently by spintronic threshold device (STD). The proposed design has been simulated comprehensively for both quantitative and qualitative metrics. The results show that the spin-based compressor decreases the power consumption about 7X compared to the best state-of-the-art design. Also, the application simulations using the multiplier implemented by the proposed compressor indicate the acceptable results.
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Saini, A., and K. Ramanathan. "FMS (Federated Model as a service) for healthcare: an automated secure-framework for personalized recommendation system." CARDIOMETRY, no. 20 (November 21, 2021): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/cardiometry.2021.20.7078.
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The Healthcare sector has been emerging on the platform ofdata science. And data scientists are often using machine learningtechniques based on historical data to create models, makepredictions or recommendations. This paper aims to providebackground and information for the community on the benefitsand variants of Federated Learning (F.L.) with other technologiesfor medical applications and highlight key considerationsand challenges of F.L. implementation in the digital health background.With this FMaaS, we envisage a future for digital federatedhealth. We hope to empower and raise awareness aboutthe environment and fog computing to provide a more secureand better-analyzing environment. The AutoML framework isused to generate and optimize machine learning models usingautomatic engineering tools, model selection, and hyperparameteroptimization on fog nodes. Thus, making the systemmore reliable and secure for each individual by preserving privacyat their end devices. And this will lead to a personalizedrecommendation system for each individual associated withthis framework by deploying the Model to their devices foron-device inferences through the concept of differential privateModel averaging. With this framework, users don’t haveto compromise with privacy, and all their sensitive data will besecure on their end devices.
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Shi, Jiong, Liping Jin, and Jun Li. "The Integration of Azure Sphere and Azure Cloud Services for Internet of Things." Applied Sciences 9, no. 13 (2019): 2746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9132746.
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Internet of Things (IoT) has become one of the key factors that enables, drives and accelerates the digital transformation all over the world. The vision of the IoT is not only the immediate access to the data but also the ability to turning data into intelligence. As such, there is a growing number of public cloud computing providers offering IoT related services, including data processing, data analyzing and data visualization. However, with tens of billions of microcontroller-powered devices getting involved in the era of IoT, the concerns for overall security, privacy and cost are rising constantly and exponentially. Furthermore, these issues cannot be solved by public cloud computing providers since they mainly focus on the software and services rather than on the end devices. In this article, an integrated solution including Azure Sphere devices and Azure cloud services is proposed to provide a comprehensive and efficient way to ensure security that starts in the device and extends to the cloud with limited budgets. Moreover, the implementation details including hardware components, software design and Azure cloud integration are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed solution.
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De Silva, Pavani Yashodha, and Gamage Upeksha Ganegoda. "New Trends of Digital Data Storage in DNA." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8072463.
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With the exponential growth in the capacity of information generated and the emerging need for data to be stored for prolonged period of time, there emerges a need for a storage medium with high capacity, high storage density, and possibility to withstand extreme environmental conditions. DNA emerges as the prospective medium for data storage with its striking features. Diverse encoding models for reading and writing data onto DNA, codes for encrypting data which addresses issues of error generation, and approaches for developing codons and storage styles have been developed over the recent past. DNA has been identified as a potential medium for secret writing, which achieves the way towards DNA cryptography and stenography. DNA utilized as an organic memory device along with big data storage and analytics in DNA has paved the way towards DNA computing for solving computational problems. This paper critically analyzes the various methods used for encoding and encrypting data onto DNA while identifying the advantages and capability of every scheme to overcome the drawbacks identified priorly. Cryptography and stenography techniques have been analyzed in a critical approach while identifying the limitations of each method. This paper also identifies the advantages and limitations of DNA as a memory device and memory applications.
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Mukhopadhyay, Anand Kumar, Atul Sharma, Indrajit Chakrabarti, Arindam Basu, and Mrigank Sharad. "Power-efficient Spike Sorting Scheme Using Analog Spiking Neural Network Classifier." ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems 17, no. 2 (2021): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3432814.
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The method to map the neural signals to the neuron from which it originates is spike sorting. A low-power spike sorting system is presented for a neural implant device. The spike sorter constitutes a two-step trainer module that is shared by the signal acquisition channel associated with multiple electrodes. A low-power Spiking Neural Network (SNN) module is responsible for assigning the spike class. The two-step shared supervised on-chip training module is presented for improved training accuracy for the SNN. Post implant, the relatively power-hungry training module can be activated conditionally based on a statistics-driven retraining algorithm that allows on the fly training and adaptation. A low-power analog implementation for the SNN classifier is proposed based on resistive crossbar memory exploiting its approximate computing nature. Owing to the direct mapping of SNN functionality using physical characteristics of devices, the analog mode implementation can achieve ∼21 × lower power than its fully digital counterpart. We also incorporate the effect of device variation in the training process to suppress the impact of inevitable inaccuracies in such resistive crossbar devices on the classification accuracy. A variation-aware, digitally calibrated analog front-end is also presented, which consumes less than ∼50 nW power and interfaces with the digital training module as well as the analog SNN spike sorting module. Hence, the proposed scheme is a low-power, variation-tolerant, adaptive, digitally trained, all-analog spike sorter device, applicable to implantable and wearable multichannel brain-machine interfaces.
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Chan, Chester, Edward Sihler, Theresa Kijek, Bruce S. Miller, and Richard E. Hughes. "A MOBILE COMPUTING TOOL FOR COLLECTING CLINICAL OUTCOMES DATA FROM SHOULDER PATIENTS." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 13, no. 03 (2010): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957710002521.
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The collection of outcomes data is critical for conducting clinical studies in orthopaedic surgery. Both subjective outcome data [e.g. Short Form-12 (SF-12) and Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) index] and objective data (e.g. range of motion) are necessary. Numerous studies have been conducted on the collection of patient survey data through electronic means (e.g. personal digital assistant and tablet PC), but none of these studies have made use of a device with an intuitive touch-screen interface. Studies have also been conducted on the collection of physical examination data through research-grade accelerometers but few have focused on the use of commercially available electronic devices. The goal of our project was to develop a mobile computing touch-screen system for capturing subjective and objective outcome data for the assessment of patients with rotator cuff tears. We were able to accomplish this goal through the development of a novel iPad/iPod Touch tool. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of shoulder flexion and external rotation measurements were good.
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Rodić, Lea Dujić, Tomislav Županović, Toni Perković, Petar Šolić, and Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues. "Machine Learning and Soil Humidity Sensing: Signal Strength Approach." ACM Transactions on Internet Technology 22, no. 2 (2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3418207.
Full textAbstract:
The Internet-of-Things vision of ubiquitous and pervasive computing gives rise to future smart irrigation systems comprising the physical and digital worlds. A smart irrigation ecosystem combined with Machine Learning can provide solutions that successfully solve the soil humidity sensing task in order to ensure optimal water usage. Existing solutions are based on data received from the power hungry/expensive sensors that are transmitting the sensed data over the wireless channel. Over time, the systems become difficult to maintain, especially in remote areas due to the battery replacement issues with a large number of devices. Therefore, a novel solution must provide an alternative, cost- and energy-effective device that has unique advantage over the existing solutions. This work explores the concept of a novel, low-power, LoRa-based, cost-effective system that achieves humidity sensing using Deep Learning techniques that can be employed to sense soil humidity with high accuracy simply by measuring the signal strength of the given underground beacon device.
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Tang, Wenjun, Jialong Liu, Hongtian Li, et al. "Computing-in-memory with thin-filmtransistors: challenges and opportunities." Flexible and Printed Electronics 7, no. 2 (2022): 024001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-8585/ac541d.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Thin-film transistors (TFTs) have attracted significant interest recently fortheir great potential in a wide range of edge computing applications, due to their advantages such as large-area low-cost flexible fabrications, and well integration with sensors and displays. With the support of in situ processing of sensor data, TFT-based edge systems show their advantages in large-scale dense sensing with real-time energy-efficient processing and interaction, and more excitingly, they provide the opportunity to eliminate the massive data transfer to the cloud servers. However, the design of high-performance processing modules based on TFT is difficult, due to large device variation, poor stability, and low mobility. Computing-in-memory (CiM), which has been proposed recently as a high-efficiency high-parallelism computing approach, is expected to improve the capacity of TFT-based edge computing systems. In thispaper, various recent works on TFT-based CiM have been summarized, showing the superiority to conventional processing flow by efficient in-memory analog computation with mitigation of data transfer, and reduced analog-to-digital converter usage for sensor data. With both opportunities and challenges, the design space and trend of TFT-based CiM to be explored are then described. Finally, further development and co-optimization from device to system are discussed for the flourishing of the next-generation intelligent TFT-based edge system.
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Nanjappan, Vijayakumar, Rongkai Shi, Hai-Ning Liang, Haoru Xiao, Kim King-Tong Lau, and Khalad Hasan. "Design of Interactions for Handheld Augmented Reality Devices Using Wearable Smart Textiles: Findings from a User Elicitation Study." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15 (2019): 3177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9153177.
Full textAbstract:
Advanced developments in handheld devices’ interactive 3D graphics capabilities, processing power, and cloud computing have provided great potential for handheld augmented reality (HAR) applications, which allow users to access digital information anytime, anywhere. Nevertheless, existing interaction methods are still confined to the touch display, device camera, and built-in sensors of these handheld devices, which suffer from obtrusive interactions with AR content. Wearable fabric-based interfaces promote subtle, natural, and eyes-free interactions which are needed when performing interactions in dynamic environments. Prior studies explored the possibilities of using fabric-based wearable interfaces for head-mounted AR display (HMD) devices. The interface metaphors of HMD AR devices are inadequate for handheld AR devices as a typical HAR application require users to use only one hand to perform interactions. In this paper, we aim to investigate the use of a fabric-based wearable device as an alternative interface option for performing interactions with HAR applications. We elicited user-preferred gestures which are socially acceptable and comfortable to use for HAR devices. We also derived an interaction vocabulary of the wrist and thumb-to-index touch gestures, and present broader design guidelines for fabric-based wearable interfaces for handheld augmented reality applications.