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Yue, Ming, and Bao Guang Wang. "Servo Motor Control Lifter Systems by Digital PID Control Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.256.
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Aiming at the wild used tide gauge, a research project has been made. The purpose of the project is to build a standard test equipment which is used for calibration. The principle of the tide gauge is imitating water-level fluctuation of diurnal tides or semi-diurnal tides, based on controlling dynamic water flow which is 10 meters high and 8 tons heavy. This is a national standard test equipment which will be used by Tianjin National oceanic standard measuring center. In this paper, the digital PID control method is used for computerizing servo motor .First, the principle of servo motor control has been discussed, and then PID adjusting theory and method are also introduced. At the same time, software compiled is used to control servo motor. In the end, the corresponding results can be output on the hardware platform. The method above has been proven advisable.
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Dochviri, J. "Optimization of Control Processes of Digital Electrical Drive Systems." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 47, no. 2 (2010): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10047-010-0005-2.
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Optimization of Control Processes of Digital Electrical Drive Systems The aim of the work is solution of the problems associated with synthesis of the digital speed regulators both for DC and AC thyristor electrical drives. The investigation is realized based on the parameters of continuous technological equipment (e.g. paper-making machine) by taking into account elastic transmission links of the drive systems. Appropriate frequency characteristics and transient processes are described.
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Kondo, E., T. Kiyota, and T. Sunaga. "Closed-Loop Expression of Fixed-end-point LQ Optimal Control for Digital Systems." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 26, no. 2 (1993): 721–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)49224-x.
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Wu, Y. C., Zhi Yong Zuo, and Y. Sun. "Applied Research of Full Digital Electric Control Systems on Rebuild Machine Tool." Materials Science Forum 626-627 (August 2009): 399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.626-627.399.
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Taking account of the situation of many old-fashioned imported machine tools, this paper proposes some favourable methods of rebuilding equipment. In theory and practice, with full digital electric system of modern automation technology, rebuilt equipments are easy to operate and reduce energy consumption, raise production efficiency. It realizes the aim of Environment-friendly and resource-economical. In this paper, it also gives three typical examples of rebuilding equipment, table planning machine made in Germany, D2300 lathe and 745A slotter made in Russia. Some pragmatic issues have been discussed, e.g. design optimization for speed regulation of main drive, position finding of cutter frame and synchro control between lathe tools feeding and lathe chuck turning. Finally, it gives the results of the operational curves of rebuilding equipment and relevant data.
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Xiong, Li Rong. "Simulating Analysis and Choosing Control Method on the Speed Control of Egg Quality’s Detection." Advanced Materials Research 268-270 (July 2011): 1179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.268-270.1179.
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This fuzzy speed controller is designed and applied in induction motor drive systems. MATLAB software fuzzy logic toolbox is used to the single closed-loop induction motor speed control system for computer-aided design, and SIMULINK dynamic digital simulation is used to achieve optimal control parameters. Tests show that the fuzzy control process is overshoot, response time is short, the system oscillation amplitude is low, it is the optimum control strategy.
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Tomizuka, Masayoshi. "On the Design of Digital Tracking Controllers." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 115, no. 2B (1993): 412–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899081.
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This paper describes my work on the design of digital tracking controllers over the past two decades. In tracking control, the control object must be moved along a time varying desired output and the transient path error must be minimized. Tracking control is discussed for the following two typical situations: one is the situation where the desired output is known in advance and the other is where the desired output itself is not known but has a certain known property, e.g., it is periodic with a known period. Control algorithms for dealing with these situations will be reviewed and applications to mechanical systems are discussed.
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Tekinerdogan, Bedir, and Cor Verdouw. "Systems Architecture Design Pattern Catalog for Developing Digital Twins." Sensors 20, no. 18 (2020): 5103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185103.
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A digital twin is a digital replica of a physical entity to which it is remotely connected. A digital twin can provide a rich representation of the corresponding physical entity and enables sophisticated control for various purposes. Although the concept of the digital twin is largely known, designing digital twins based systems has not yet been fully explored. In practice, digital twins can be applied in different ways leading to different architectural designs. To guide the architecture design process, we provide a pattern-oriented approach for architecting digital twin-based systems. To this end, we propose a catalog of digital twin architecture design patterns that can be reused in the broad context of systems engineering. The patterns support the various phases in the systems engineering life cycle process, and are described using a well-defined pattern documentation template. For illustrating the application of digital twin patterns, we adopt a multi-case study approach in the agriculture and food domain.
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Lippert, Kari J., and Robert Cloutier. "Cyberspace: A Digital Ecosystem." Systems 9, no. 3 (2021): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems9030048.
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Cyberspace is a new frontier, not just for hackers, but for engineers. It is a digital ecosystem, the next generation of Internet and network applications, promising a whole new world of distributed and open systems that can interact, self-organize, evolve, and adapt. These ecosystems transcend traditional collaborative environments, such as client-server, peer-to-peer, or hybrid models (e.g., web services), to become a self-organized, evolving, interactive environment. Understanding cyberspace as a system is critical if we are to properly design systems to exist within it. Considering it to be a digital ecosystem, where systems can adapt and evolve, will enable systems engineering to become more effective in the future of networks and the Internet. While most systems engineers have only anecdotal experience with large segments of this ecosystem, in today’s world all of them must come to understand it. Engineering any system, or portion of a system, begins with an understanding of the system. This paper presents two interrelated yet distinct foundational models of the ecosystem of cyberspace: a Systemigram to narrate the cyclical nature of cyber warfare, and a modified predator–prey model, as a mathematical model. Systems engineers can utilize these models to design digital “species” that function and adapt within this ecosystem.
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Kao, C. K., A. Sinha, and A. K. Mahalanabis. "A Digital Algorithm for Near-Minimum-Time Control of Robot Manipulators." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 109, no. 4 (1987): 320–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3143861.
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A digital state feedback control algorithm has been developed to obtain the near-minimum-time trajectory for the end-effector of a robot manipulator. In this algorithm, the poles of the linearized closed loop system are judiciously placed in the Z-plane to permit near-minimum-time response without violating the constraints on the actuator torques. The validity of this algorithm has been established using numerical simulations. A three-link manipulator is chosen for this purpose and the results are discussed for three different combinations of initial and final states.
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Dickinson, Benjamin, and Daniel Wilkinson. "Securing industrial systems in a digital world." APPEA Journal 59, no. 2 (2019): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj18264.
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Operational technology, largely industrial equipment, has become increasingly connected, and the integration of information technology components allows such devices to leverage software that drives data collection and analysis, resulting in enhanced performance and ultimately ‘smarter’ machines. With these benefits come vulnerabilities, including the possibility of malicious actors gaining access to critical assets through networks. The growing recognition of cybersecurity threats to critical infrastructure (e.g. oil, gas, chemicals, energy, water) has brought the topic into the spotlight. Further, regulatory requirements on these industries have increased. Standards and policies have been created in an attempt to address the rapid technological changes; however, it is still challenging for companies to implement needed processes and keep personnel up to date and aligned, given the pace of change. Designing products to be secured from cyberattack only became a topic of concern about a decade ago, and the prevailing sense at that time was that isolation (‘air gap’) and limited availability of technical knowledge (‘security by obscurity’) protected industrial control systems products. This false belief was quickly dismissed as wishful thinking after Stuxnet and vendors began to respond to customer demands for more secure products. However, with often heterogeneous equipment and life cycles counted in decades, it will take time for secure components to become the norm. In this extended abstract we share insights to enhance your understanding of how governance, technology and business requirements intersect, illustrate ways in which organisations can leverage digitalisation opportunities to manage increasing risks better and offer recommendations for organisations to improve their cybersecurity posture in a holistic and sustainable model.
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Rober, S. J., Y. C. Shin, and O. D. I. Nwokah. "A Digital Robust Controller for Cutting Force Control in the End Milling Process." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 119, no. 2 (1997): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2801226.
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In this work, a digital robust controller is designed via Quantitative Feedback Theory (QFT) to maintain a constant cutting force in the presence of parametric uncertainty for a time varying end milling process. The QFT controller is designed using the delta transform method for discrete systems. The controller is designed to limit the overshoot and settling time of the cutting force levels over a range of cutting parameters. Models are presented for the cutting process and machine dynamics including parametric uncertainty, and these models are used to develop a controller which meets given tracking and regulation specifications for all plant values. Experimental results are obtained by implementing the controller on a milling machine.
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Lechner, Michael, Tassilo Christ, Philipp Frey, et al. "Blockchain in der Blechverarbeitung/Blockchain in sheet metal processing." wt Werkstattstechnik online 110, no. 10 (2020): 704–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2020-10-60.
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Die Verfolgung von Bauteilen und Zwischenprodukten sowie die Erfassung eines vollständigen Produktionsdatensatzes sind in modernen Fertigungsketten eine wichtige Voraussetzung für die durchgängig digitale Produktion. Dieser Beitrag stellt die Lösung dieser Herausforderungen durch die Kombination zweier Systeme vor: Während eine blockchain-basierte Austauschplattform die Einhaltung der Anforderungen an die prozessübergreifende Vernetzung sicherstellt, kommt eine optische Technologie für die markierungsfreie Bauteilidentifizierung zum Einsatz.   The ability to both track physical products and to gather a production data record are important elements of modern manufacturing processes and crucial requirements for an end-to-end digital production. This work presents a solution for both challenges based on the combination of two systems: While a blockchain-based data exchange platform ensures that the requirements towards networked processes are met, an optical technology for marker-free identification of component parts is used.
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Völkl, E., L. F. Allard, T. A. Nolan, D. Hill, and M. Lehmann. "A Simple and Inexpensive Route to Remote Electron Microscopy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (August 11, 1996): 386–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100164398.
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Due to the availability of fast computer networks such as Ethernet, FDDI and ATM, the idea of Telemicroscopy, including running electron microscopes from remote locations has gained momentum. Fan, Ellisman, Zaluzec and Parvin, have discussed aspects of systems which support such capabilities. In each of these reports the authors describe new stand-alone software packages that are required to run their systems. In order to make remote microscopy more universally available, we have chosen to expand de facto standard commercial software to provide for computerized microscope control and remote control.All of the major instruments in our user facility have been converted to digital operation and the darkroom has been abandoned completely. It is a logical extension of digital imaging to provide for computer control of the instrument operation, since the instrument parameters can be adjusted using feedback from analysis of the digital image. Digital image recording and display typically uses commercial software such as DigitalMicrograph© (which controls e.g. the CCD camera on the HF-2000). This program provides the four capabilities necessary to implement instrument control. It allows camera control,provides image processing tools, incorporates a scripting language and also allows C-code to be implemented.
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Yaron, Yaron, Eran Keinan, Moshe Benhamu, Ronen Regev, and Garry Zalmanzon. "NATIONAL GUIDELINES FOR DIGITAL CAMERA SYSTEMS CERTIFICATION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B1 (June 3, 2016): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b1-179-2016.
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Digital camera systems are a key component in the production of reliable, geometrically accurate, high-resolution geospatial products. These systems have replaced film imaging in photogrammetric data capturing. Today, we see a proliferation of imaging sensors collecting photographs in different ground resolutions, spectral bands, swath sizes, radiometric characteristics, accuracies and carried on different mobile platforms. In addition, these imaging sensors are combined with navigational tools (such as GPS and IMU), active sensors such as laser scanning and powerful processing tools to obtain high quality geospatial products. The quality (accuracy, completeness, consistency, etc.) of these geospatial products is based on the use of calibrated, high-quality digital camera systems. <br><br> The new survey regulations of the state of Israel specify the quality requirements for each geospatial product including: maps at different scales and for different purposes, elevation models, orthophotographs, three-dimensional models at different levels of details (LOD) and more. In addition, the regulations require that digital camera systems used for mapping purposes should be certified using a rigorous mapping systems certification and validation process which is specified in the Director General Instructions. The Director General Instructions for digital camera systems certification specify a two-step process as follows: <br><br> 1. Theoretical analysis of system components that includes: study of the accuracy of each component and an integrative error propagation evaluation, examination of the radiometric and spectral response curves for the imaging sensors, the calibration requirements, and the working procedures. <br><br> 2. Empirical study of the digital mapping system that examines a typical project (product scale, flight height, number and configuration of ground control points and process). The study examine all the aspects of the final product including; its accuracy, the product pixels size on the ground (spatial resolution), its completeness (missing pixels and striping affect), its radiometric properties (e.g., relative edge response) and its spectral characteristics (e.g., histogram spread, bands misalignment). <br><br> This methodology was tested on a number of medium to large format digital cameras. The certification process is a basic stage in the mapping chain in Israel. This article provides the details of the Director General Instructions for digital camera systems certification, the methodology for certification and the tests that were carried out.
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Yaron, Yaron, Eran Keinan, Moshe Benhamu, Ronen Regev, and Garry Zalmanzon. "NATIONAL GUIDELINES FOR DIGITAL CAMERA SYSTEMS CERTIFICATION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B1 (June 3, 2016): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b1-179-2016.
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Digital camera systems are a key component in the production of reliable, geometrically accurate, high-resolution geospatial products. These systems have replaced film imaging in photogrammetric data capturing. Today, we see a proliferation of imaging sensors collecting photographs in different ground resolutions, spectral bands, swath sizes, radiometric characteristics, accuracies and carried on different mobile platforms. In addition, these imaging sensors are combined with navigational tools (such as GPS and IMU), active sensors such as laser scanning and powerful processing tools to obtain high quality geospatial products. The quality (accuracy, completeness, consistency, etc.) of these geospatial products is based on the use of calibrated, high-quality digital camera systems. <br><br> The new survey regulations of the state of Israel specify the quality requirements for each geospatial product including: maps at different scales and for different purposes, elevation models, orthophotographs, three-dimensional models at different levels of details (LOD) and more. In addition, the regulations require that digital camera systems used for mapping purposes should be certified using a rigorous mapping systems certification and validation process which is specified in the Director General Instructions. The Director General Instructions for digital camera systems certification specify a two-step process as follows: <br><br> 1. Theoretical analysis of system components that includes: study of the accuracy of each component and an integrative error propagation evaluation, examination of the radiometric and spectral response curves for the imaging sensors, the calibration requirements, and the working procedures. <br><br> 2. Empirical study of the digital mapping system that examines a typical project (product scale, flight height, number and configuration of ground control points and process). The study examine all the aspects of the final product including; its accuracy, the product pixels size on the ground (spatial resolution), its completeness (missing pixels and striping affect), its radiometric properties (e.g., relative edge response) and its spectral characteristics (e.g., histogram spread, bands misalignment). <br><br> This methodology was tested on a number of medium to large format digital cameras. The certification process is a basic stage in the mapping chain in Israel. This article provides the details of the Director General Instructions for digital camera systems certification, the methodology for certification and the tests that were carried out.
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Méndez-Ramírez, Rodrigo, Adrian Arellano-Delgado, Miguel Murillo-Escobar, and César Cruz-Hernández. "Degradation Analysis of Chaotic Systems and their Digital Implementation in Embedded Systems." Complexity 2019 (December 4, 2019): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9863982.
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Digital implementation of chaotic systems (CSs) has attracted increasing attention from researchers due to several applications in engineering, e.g., in areas as cryptography and autonomous mobile robots, where the properties of chaotic systems are strongly related. The CSs in the continuous version (CV) need to be discretized where chaotic degradation must be analyzed to guarantee preservation of chaos. In this paper, we present a degradation analysis of five three-dimensional CSs and the necessary conditions to implement the discretized versions (DVs) of Lorenz, Rössler, Chen, Liu and Chen, and Méndez-Arellano-Cruz-Martínez (MACM) CSs. Analytical and numerical analyses of chaos degradation are conducted by using the time series method; the maximum discrete step size and the Lyapunov Exponents (LEs) are computed by using the Euler, Heun, and fourth-order Runge–Kutta (RK4) numerical algorithms (NAs). We conducted comparative studies of performance based on time complexity of the five proposed CSs in their DVs by using four embedded systems (ESs) based on three families of Microchip microcontrollers 8-bit PIC16F, 16-bit dsPIC33FJ, and 32-bit PIC32MZ (of low-cost electronic implementation) and a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Based on the results, the intervals at control parameters to guarantee chaos are proposed, which improves the performance characteristics of the five proposed CSs in their DVs based on digital applications.
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Karimov, Timur, Denis Butusov, Valery Andreev, Artur Karimov, and Aleksandra Tutueva. "Accurate Synchronization of Digital and Analog Chaotic Systems by Parameters Re-Identification." Electronics 7, no. 7 (2018): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7070123.
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The verification of the digital models of chaotic systems and processes is a valuable problem in many practical applications, such as nonlinear control and communications. In our study, we propose a hybrid technique for chaotic systems’ identification, based on the chaotic synchronization of digital and analog counterparts and a numerical optimization method used for the fine tuning of parameters. An analog circuit implementing the Rössler oscillator with digitally controlled parameters was chosen as an identification object, and the FPGA model was used as a digital counterpart for coupling and parameter retrieval. The synchronization between analog and digital chaotic models can be used to estimate the quality of an identification procedure. The results of this study clarify the practical bounds of digital and analog systems’ equivalence. They also contribute to the problem of designing technical systems possessing advantages of both analog and digital chaotic generators (e.g., a high accuracy and protection from quasi-chaotic oscillation modes).
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Cohan, Steve. "Trends in ROV Development." Marine Technology Society Journal 42, no. 1 (2008): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533208786861335.
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This paper describes three new directions in the development of ROV control systems: exploiting the capabilities of digital video, using model-based control techniques for ROV operations, and providing ROV systems with sophisticated remote diagnostics. Goals of these trends are to increase the value of ROV operations end products (such as video), to increase efficiency of operations by adding automation, and to increase productive time by bringing outside resources to the ROV for maintenance and troubleshooting.Advances in digital video can enhance the value of video imagery by facilitating the combination of video with other data, improving utility, and increasing the range of analyses and products that can be created from video. Current digital video technology enables systems to treat video in a manner close to the transmission and processing of other sensor data, reducing the number of components and interfaces between the camera and the video imagery's end use. Model-based control has the potential to relieve pilots from managing all tasks concerning low-level motion, coordination, and control, enabling pilots to concentrate on higher-level task planning and execution. Applying software techniques designed specifically for managing data flow in distributed control systems can give remote experts access to all the tools and information necessary to assist with worksite maintenance and troubleshooting.
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El-Shafei, A., and J. P. Hathout. "Modeling and Control of HSFDs for Active Control of Rotor-Bearing Systems." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 117, no. 4 (1995): 757–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2815462.
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This paper summarizes the development of hybrid squeeze film dampers (HSFDs) for active control of rotor vibrations. Previously, it was shown both theoretically and experimentally that HSFDs can be used for controlling rotor vibrations (El-Shafei, 1993). This is done by controlling the flow in a squeeze film damper through movable end seals, thus achieving the ability to change the damper from a short damper to a long damper and vice versa. However, the control of the HSFD was manual. In this paper, an automatically controlled circuit is developed for the HSFD, incorporating a pressure control servovalve for controlling the pressure in the sealing chambers. A complete mathematical model of this open-loop system is developed and is implemented on a digital computer. The transient behavior of the system, including the sealing ring dynamics, illustrates that the open-loop system exhibits well-behaved, stable, and fast response. In addition it is shown that the HSFD can achieve any amount of damping between the short and long damper modes through the accurate positioning of the sealing rings. The simulation results illustrate that the automatically controlled HSFD can be a very useful device for the active control of rotors. A closed-loop control strategy with feedback on rotor speed is also investigated both from the points of view of steady state and transient behaviors. It is shown that this closed-loop strategy results in a much improved behavior of the rotor system.
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Yabanova, İsmail. "Digital Signal Processing–based Dynamic Mass Measurement System for Egg Weighing Process." Measurement and Control 50, no. 4 (2017): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020294017713768.
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In this study, an electronic, mechanical and software system, where the weight measurements of eggs can be performed dynamically, is developed. As the speed is an important factor in the production sector, it is of significant importance that the manufactured products be weighed in a rapid and correct manner. For this reason, systems where the products are dynamically weighed are developed. However, as the products are weighed while they are moving in dynamic weighing systems, undesired disturbing effects occur on the measurement signal. The product weights must be measured at required speeds by eliminating this disturbing effect. Dynamic weighing is performed using a load cell. A digital signal processing–based card has been developed to measure the signal received from the load cell and to send it to the computer. The eggs are weighed while they are moving as they roll over the load cell. A program has been developed using the LabVIEW program to receive, filter and analyze the data read and sent to the computer by digital signal processing. In addition, the configuration adjustments of the integrated analog-to-digital converter that reads data from the load cell can also be performed thanks to this program.
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Yang, Wen Yang, Liu Mei Zhang, Shao Wei Pan, and Zhi Xuan Fan. "Interactive Digital Campus Visual Navigation System Design and Development." Applied Mechanics and Materials 336-338 (July 2013): 1422–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.336-338.1422.
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Designing an interactive virtual navigation system needs consideration of compositive features such as modelling, movement control and object selection. Those features are key to meet end user requirements. Current virtual navigation systems are not beneficial to popularize in the case of development environment, methods and technologies. That is because such systems have limited application area and costs. Proprietary development environment result in limited selection in system components while new development technologies are unlikely to be accepted as staggering capital costs. In this paper, we propose a feasible scheme and development environment to design an interactive virtual navigation system for creating and utilizing digital campus models. Furthermore, the scheme also captures user interactivities via mouse and keyboard for further controls and selections in virtual campus. By adequate consideration of user preferences and personalities, this system benefits in portability, flexibility; has a high degree of standardization and lower cost.
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Giudicianni, Carlo, Manuel Herrera, Armando di Nardo, Kemi Adeyeye, and Helena M. Ramos. "Overview of Energy Management and Leakage Control Systems for Smart Water Grids and Digital Water." Modelling 1, no. 2 (2020): 134–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/modelling1020009.
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Current and future smart cities are moving towards the zero-net energy use concept. To this end, the built environment should also be designed for efficient energy use and play a significant role in the production of such energy. At present, this is achieved by focusing on energy demand in buildings and to the renewable trade-off related to smart power grids. However, urban water distribution systems constantly carry an excess of hydraulic energy that can potentially be recovered to produce electricity. This paper presents a comprehensive review of current strategies for energy production by reviewing the state-of-the-art of smart water systems. New technologies (such as cyber-physical systems, digital twins, blockchain) and new methodologies (network dynamics, geometric deep learning) associated with digital water are also discussed. The paper then focuses on modelling the installation of both micro-turbines and pumps as turbines, instead of/together with pressure reduction valves, to further demonstrate the energy-recovery methods which will enable water network partitioning into district metered areas. The associated benefits on leakage control, as a source of energy, and for contributing to overall network resilience are also highlighted. The paper concludes by presenting future research directions. Notably, digital water is proposed as the main research and operational direction for current and future Water Distribution Systems (WDS) and as a holistic, data-centred framework for the operation and management of water networks.
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Heithecker, Sven, Amilcar do Carmo Lucas, and Rolf Ernst. "A High-End Real-Time Digital Film Processing Reconfigurable Platform." EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems 2007 (2007): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/85318.
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Westkämper, E., J. Niemann, and M. Stolz. "Digital information—potentials for TeleX applications." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 216, no. 5 (2002): 801–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954405021520319.
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The paper describes how the application of new information and communication technologies in manufacturing systems and technical consumer goods gives companies the possibility to create added value services in the usage phase, e.g. through remote operations or virtual facility management. In this regard, a communication platform for a digital factory has been developed to make diagnoses of the machine, program changes or process optimizations possible in less time by using an integrated control system, visualization and surveillance. The precise reproduction of the production system in a virtual world makes it possible to analyse and optimize all influences on the real production in that virtual world.
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HILERA, JOSE R., VICTOR J. MARTÍNEZ, and MANUEL MAZO. "ECG SIGNALS PROCESSING WITH NEURAL NETWORKS." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 03, no. 04 (1995): 419–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488595000219.
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Nowadays, the digital register process of electrocardiographical signals (ECG) constitutes a common practice for the diagnosis and controlling of patients suffering from cardiac disorders. In this paper we study the usefulness of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for clinical diagnosis through the detection of arrythmias and the reduction of the large spaces occupied by ECG records.
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Lima, Kollins Gabriel, and Maximiliam Luppe. "Restructuring the Digital Systems Laboratory in Computer Engineering Course." International Journal on Alive Engineering Education 5, no. 1 (2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ijaeedu.v5i1.50482.
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It's not difficult to find students of Computer Engineering, at the University of São Paulo, in São Carlos School of Engineering, complaining about the way that practical classes are given during the graduation. What is said is that these classes only reproduce results already seen in theory classes, that they are limited by a laboratory script and, at the end, nothing new is added to their knowledge, making them a little bit frustrated about the classes. In this paper, it's shown how PBL (Problem-based Learning) was used in Digital Systems Laboratory, a 4-semester discipline, to start a change in this situation. The main purpose of the project was to use all the knowledge in digital logic, already seen in theory classes by the students, to build the main modules of a basic processor: arithmetic logic unit (ALU), for combinational logic studies; register bank, for sequential logic studies; and control unity, used to study finite state machines. This new way to teach each topic of the discipline brought new challenges to the students, now free to solve them the way they wanted to, once only the specification of inputs and outputs were given. Using FPGA boards and circuit simulators for development, the students succeeded in their task and the modules were built and tested in a test platform, developed to allow the simulation of the entire processor. This project had a positive feedback, either reflected in grades (in laboratory and in related theoretical disciplines) and also in the student's motivation (although some difficulties was found) helping them to understand how different concepts seen during the graduation course are related. This feedback is now helping the development of a new material for next classes, in order to make specifications clearer, correct bugs in the test platform and improve some features for debug.
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Awan and Al Ghamdi. "Understanding the Vulnerabilities in Digital Components of An Integrated Bridge System (IBS)." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 10 (2019): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7100350.
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The adoption of the global positioning system (GPS) within the marine industry has revolutionized the marine operations by condensing the navigation of a vessel into an integrated bridge system (IBS). An IBS acts as the main command and control of a vessel as it interconnects various digital devices used for navigation in open seas and is also connected to other on-board systems of a vessel e.g., navigation and control, propulsion and machinery management system, cargo management system and safety management system, core infra structure systems, administrative and crew welfare systems, etc. Additionally, it also provides a gateway to the Internet, thus, leaving not only an IBS vulnerable but also all the on-board systems vulnerable to cyber-attacks. We, in this study, have collected historical evidences about various vulnerable digital components in an IBS to better understand the security and privacy challenges associated with the vulnerable IBS components. Our study is the first of its kind that involves collection and review of 59 historical accidents reported in literature and has highlighted various vulnerability patterns, their causes and consequences, with geographical as well as temporal relationships for different vulnerable IBS components. The vulnerabilities of IBS components were reportedly exploited using various cyber-attack techniques e.g., jamming, spoofing, hijacking, etc. This review paper also forms a baseline for future work on vulnerabilities of IBS and maritime cyber security.
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Li, Peng, Wei Xi, Xianggen Yin, Hao Yao, and Huafeng Chen. "Design of a CMOS Lineal Hall Sensor Front-End Working in Current Mode with Programmable Gain Stage for Power Specific Chip." Journal of Sensors 2021 (February 1, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6618206.
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With the continuous intelligentization of power systems, the demand for the integration of digital chips and sensor chips such as the Internet of Things is also increasing. A CMOS lineal magnetic Hall sensor front-end working in current mode with programmable gain stage is designed and implemented with SMIC 55 nm standard CMOS technology. By using a spinning-current technique, chopper technique, and digital calibration technique to eliminate the offset voltage and nonlinearity, this magnetic Hall sensor can be easily integrated into digital systems like SoCs. This work has already finished the circuit simulation and layout design, and all simulation indicators basically reach the expected value. The maximum gain of proposed sensor systems can be up to 33.9 dB. The total power is less than 4 mW. And the total area is less than 0.113 μm2. The magnetic Hall sensor can be easily integrated into chips such as the power Internet of Things to form a single-chip-level SoC design, which is mainly used in applications such as circuit breakers and electric energy measurement.
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Anisimov, Mykola. "Historical aspects of development of digital systems in Ukraine." Academic Notes Series Pedagogical Science 1, no. 189 (2020): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2415-7988-2020-1-189-10-13.
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In article the made attempt to tell about some scientific schools in the field of digital electronic computer facilities in days of its formation. It is necessary to note results of huge self-denying work of collectives scientific and operated them on maintenance with computer facilities of space researches, atomic engineering, rocket production, the first class systems of supervision over space, antimissile і antiaircraft defence. Necessity of the additional information at studying of such disciplines as: «Computer science», «the Engineering and computer drawing», «Metrology», «Standardization», etc. has shown, that it is necessary to give on employment to students an additional material from history of development of digital systems in different fields of knowledge. Therefore we have laid down for ourselves the aim in given article to result some examples of historical aspects of development of digital measuring systems in Ukraine and their industrial application. This additional information can be used at studying of discipline «Standardization» with attraction general The technical, and also profile subjects. The huge role in formation of a new direction (computing systems) was brought by Victor Mihajlovich Glushkov. In December, 1957 the laboratory has been transformed to Computer centre AN USSR with the scientific research institute rights. In 1962 the Computer centre has been transformed to Institute of cybernetics AN USSR which director till the end of a life there was V. M. Glushkov. At this institute under the guidance of Victor Mihajlovicha there were created tens types of the COMPUTER, many of which not only answered the world standards, but also have opened absolutely new directions in computer facilities development. So, for example, cars of a series the WORLD (the car for engineering calculations) became a prototype of personal computers. It has been even more designed different operating systems and complexes. The institute became a leader in working out and in manufacture of the automated control systems. This small analysis which has been executed from material ordering which concerns directly all general technical and professional disciplines.
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Salinas, R., U. Raff, and L. A. Henríquez-Vargas. "Digital Temperature Tracking in Porous Media Burners." Measurement and Control 45, no. 3 (2012): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002029401204500305.
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Combustion in porous media burners presents considerable advantages over free flame burners due to several outstanding features inter alia clean and highly efficient combustion properties allowing a considerable amount of feedback energy from the flame area to preheat the mixture of fuel and air resulting in a considerable reduction of unavoidable pollutant formations appearing e.g. as the emission of CO and NOX. In addition, porous media burners are manufactured in highly compact small sizes suitable to industrial and household heating characteristic applications. Heat transfer between solid and gas depends mainly on the porous thermophysical properties of the component known as the solid matrix. These systems are characterized by the formation of a combustion flame pulse or wave which can travel inside the burner, depending on the operating conditions at velocities of about 0.1 mm/s. In this paper, a new temperature tracking scheme is proposed based on digital image processing to determine the position and the velocity of the thermal profile. Results showed reduced errors in the estimation of the peak temperature position using digital image analysis compared to conventional thermocouple-based measurements techniques.
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Shen, Fei, Shuang Shuang Ren, Xiang Yang Zhang, Hong Wu Luo, and Chao Min Feng. "A Digital Twin-Based Approach for Optimization and Prediction of Oil and Gas Production." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (September 3, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3062841.
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The Internet of things technology plays an important role in improving the efficiency of oil and gas production, of which digital twin technology is the most prominent. By effectively using data and organically combining them with a deep understanding of technicians, digital twin technology can improve the efficiency of oil and gas asset systems in the entire life cycle of an oilfield including design, operation control, optimization, etc. Starting with the concept of digital twinning, this paper analyzes the situation of digital twinning in various industries, then obtains the new connotation of digital twinning in oil and gas industry, and at last establishes an optimization model of oil and gas production. Based on the digital twinning of oil and gas and applying the Internet of things, real-time data, and AI, the paper optimizes the oil and gas production process control and applies it to the actual production. Actually, the digital twin technology of oil and gas production includes six parts: entity, model, data collection, intelligent algorithm, service, and interaction control. Meanwhile, each part is interspersed with various data perception and drive, and interactive feedback forms an organic iterative closed-loop control. Digital twin technology can effectively use data and organically combine the deep understanding of technical personnel, so that it can be used in design, operation control, optimization, and other aspects including the entire life cycle of the oilfield from concept to front-end design and out-of-service . And digital twin technology would improve the efficiency of oil and gas asset systems. The example analysis shows that the system efficiency of the oil and gas production model based on digital twinning is improved by 3%. By analyzing the production status, optimizing the design, and fully grasping the production capacity, equipment capacity, and their working conditions of the oil layer, the digital twin-based approach can provide a basis for further formulating reasonable technical measures and make the equipment work normally at high efficiency to ensure high output and efficient production of oil wells.
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Michaeli, Linus, and Ján Šaliga. "Error Models of the Analog to Digital Converters." Measurement Science Review 14, no. 2 (2014): 62–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msr-2014-0010.
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Abstract Error models of the Analog to Digital Converters describe metrological properties of the signal conversion from analog to digital domain in a concise form using few dominant error parameters. Knowledge of the error models allows the end user to provide fast testing in the crucial points of the full input signal range and to use identified error models for post correction in the digital domain. The imperfections of the internal ADC structure determine the error characteristics represented by the nonlinearities as a function of the output code. Progress in the microelectronics and missing information about circuital details together with the lack of knowledge about interfering effects caused by ADC installation prefers another modeling approach based on the input-output behavioral characterization by the input-output error box. Internal links in the ADC structure cause that the input-output error function could be described in a concise form by suitable function. Modeled functional parameters allow determining the integral error parameters of ADC. Paper is a survey of error models starting from the structural models for the most common architectures and their linkage with the behavioral models represented by the simple look up table or the functional description of nonlinear errors for the output codes.
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Zheng, Hanzhong, Simin Yu, and Jinhu Lü. "Design and ARM Platform-Based Realization of Digital Color Image Encryption and Decryption via Single State Variable Feedback Control." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 24, no. 04 (2014): 1450049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127414500497.
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In this paper, discrete-time chaotic systems under single state variable feedback control are studied, and drive-response synchronization is investigated. To that end, ARM platform-based digital color image encryption and decryption using a chaotic stream cipher is designed and implemented, with experimental results demonstrated.
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Kim, Eunju, Seokhoon Kang, and Sangsoon Lee. "RS485 Image Sensor for Digital Cinema System." Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9721820.
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To activate various devices using RS485, a repeater is generally used. In current digital cinema systems, each device is controlled with RS485 by mixing RS485 and DMX512. However, as today’s cinema equips hundreds of 4D chairs and the environmental directors, it is nearly infeasible for the legacy system to control. To this end, this paper designs and implements a new system which makes hundreds of 4D chairs and the environmental directors be controlled simultaneously exploiting RS485 network topology and its repeaters. The proposed approach is tested in a real-time system for assessing the performance by Paessler Router Traffic Grapher (PRTG) in Windows environment. Simulation results show that the tested system supports 4D chairs and their motions are well operated simultaneously with RS485.
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Dmitrievskiy, Anatoliy N., Nikolay A. Eremin, Dina S. Filippova, and Elizaveta A. Safarova. "Digital oil and gas complex of Russia." Georesursy, Special issue (August 31, 2020): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18599/grs.2020.si.32-35.
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Digital and technological modernization of the oil and gas industry through the use of innovative technologies and platform solutions, intelligent control systems, domestic “end-to-end” digital technologies will help strengthen Russia’s position in the global oil and gas market. One of the megascience projects being developed at the Institute of Oil and Gas Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences is the creation of a Geosphere Observatory. The Geosphere Observatory is focused on studying the influence of fundamental geological processes (crustal waveguides, fracture centers, etc.) in the mantle and crust of the Earth on the formation of hydrocarbon accumulations and management of field development in real time based on the introduction of advanced technologies in the field of ultra-deep drilling, fiber optics and laser physics, processing large volumes of geo-information (BigGeoData) and the theory of reconfigurable active-passive sensor networks (AntennaGrid).
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Brom, Frans W. A., and Michiel Besters. "‘Greedy’ Information Technology: The Digitalization of the European Migration Policy." European Journal of Migration and Law 12, no. 4 (2010): 455–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181610x535782.
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AbstractEuropean borders are being transformed into digital borders. The ambition behind the European information systems ‐ like the Schengen Information System and Eurodac ‐ is to establish a single Union information system to control the flux of migrants. We show that in this process information technology is not a neutral tool to reach established goals but that it is ‘greedy’. This greediness indicates the distorting potential of information technology regarding the means-end logic. Our analysis suggests that the European migration policy is stuck in a ‘digital fix’, i.e. a technological fix focusing on ICT. We identify three political issues concerning greedy information technology within the context of the European migration policy. The first issue concerns the democratic control on information systems. The second issue discusses the weak legal position of immigrants. The third issue inquires into the effectiveness of information systems as a policy instrument.
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Hainfeld, James F., and Keith L. Monson. "An integrated computer system for STEM data acquisition and processing." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 44 (August 1986): 874–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100145716.
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Several laboratories have reported digital data acquisition and control systems for electron microscopes. The considerations involved in implementation of such a system have been reviewed. All of these systems have used a relatively small minicomputer, either as a stand-alone, or as a satellite processor linked to a larger computer, so as not to burden the large host with the mundane task of operating a microscope. In recent years however, hardware costs have decreased sufficiently that many laboratories have their own superminicomputer (e.g., one of the Digital VAX series), or share one within a small group of users.
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BEZBORODOV, Y. G., N. N. KHOZHANOV, and Z. S. AUGANBAEVA. "ENERGY PRINCIPLES FOR DETERMINING THE IRRIGATION RATE OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS." Prirodoobustrojstvo, no. 3 (2021): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/1997-6011-2021-3-13-20.
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Purpose: increasing the resource potential of objects of reclamation systems by developing a digitalization mechanism and an expert system for managing the efficiency of operation. An algorithm for the formation of the digital identity of individual reclamation systems is proposed, which presents the process of solving the logical problem of assessing the residual resource of individual objects of the reclamation system. The characteristics of the parameters of reclamation objects included in the Database of the expert system, focused on the creation of a flexible platform in the cloud environment with the prospect of predictive forecasting of the functioning efficiency, is given. The expediency of including the digital identity module in the passport of the melioration system has been substantiated. The factors influencing the efficient operation of the objects of reclamation systems are considered. The ranking of normative documents by the classification level of responsible persons has been completed. Requirements have been established for the level of competence of performers in the end-to-end document flow of monitoring the state of objects of reclamation systems throughout the entire period of operation. The fulfilled analysis of the structural elements of the objects of reclamation systems shows that the system of scheduled maintenance and repairs on demand, although it is sufficient to maintain the operable state of reclamation systems as a whole, does not include measures aimed at maintaining the modern level of workability of obsolete facilities. Particular attention in the research is paid to the issue of reducing the cost of operating reclamation facilities by carrying out a phased modernization of not only mechanical systems, but also by including additional modules of digital systems in the design that provide monitoring of the state and control of the complex in real time. The concept of formation of digital identity of objects of reclamation systems is proposed as a mechanism for increasing control over management and resource provision.
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Kiravuo, Timo, Seppo Tiilikainen, Mikko Särelä, and Jukka Manner. "A White Hat Study of a Nation's Publicly Accessible Critical Digital Infrastructure and a Way Forward." International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism 6, no. 1 (2016): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcwt.2016010104.
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The developed society depends on many critical infrastructure processes, such as power generation, water treatment, many types of manufacturing, and smart buildings. These processes need control and the automation industry has embraced the Internet to connect all these controls. However, the controlling devices thus opened to the world do not always have adequate safeguards to withstand malicious users. Many automation systems have default passwords or known and unknown backdoors. Also, often those systems are not updated to close security weaknesses found after original installation. The authors argue that while the industry is familiar with the notion of safety of equipment and processes, it has not focused enough on IT security. Several years ago the Shodan search engine showed how easy it is to find these control devices on the Internet. The authors followed this research line further by targeting one nation's IP address space with Shodan and found thousands of control systems, many of which represent models and versions with known vulnerabilities. Their first contribution is presenting these findings and analyzing their significance. Their study started in 2012 and the most recent results are from the end of 2015. To gain further knowledge, they have built a prototype scanner capable of finding industrial control systems. This lets the authors evaluate the possibility of performing routine scans to gauge the vulnerability of a nation. Their second contribution is to present a template for a national Internet scanning program. The authors discuss the technology, performance, and legality of such a program. Based on their findings and analysis they argue that nations should continuously monitor their own Internet address space for vulnerabilities. The authors' findings indicate that the current level of vulnerabilities is significant and unacceptable. Scanning a nation's critical infrastructure can be done in minutes, allowing them to keep a tight control of vulnerabilities. Yet, in addition, the authors need to extend current legislation and the rights of government officials to bring more security in national critical infrastructures; this discussion is their third contribution. The cyber-space has become a playing field for criminals, terrorists and nation states, all of which may have a motive to disrupt the daily life of a nation, and currently causing such disruptions is too easy.
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Admassu, Yonathan. "Digital Surface Model-aided Quantitative Geologic Rockfall Rating System (QG-RRS)." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 25, no. 4 (2019): 255–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-2102.
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ABSTRACT Rockfalls are one of the most common types of slope failures that affect cut slopes along roadways in mountainous regions. The Rockfall Hazard Rating System (RHRS), started in Oregon and adopted by various U.S. states, is used to rate cut slopes with respect to their likelihood of releasing rockfalls. Existing rating systems use semi-quantitative approaches to rate geological and non-geological factors. The main geologic factors are favorability/unfavorability of orientation of discontinuities with respect to the orientation of slope faces and likelihood of differential weathering leading to undercutting of strong rock units. Digital surface models (DSMs) derived from light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and photogrammetry have been used to remotely characterize rock mass. This research introduces an expanded application of DSMs to quantify geologic factors that contribute to the likelihood of rockfall events. The method is hence referred to as the Quantitative Geologic Rockfall Rating System (QG-RRS). Four DSM-based parameters, A, B, C, and D, have been identified to evaluate geologic factors. These parameters quantify the likelihood of discontinuity orientation-controlled failures (parameter A), the degree of undercutting (parameter B), rockfall activity based on rockfall release surfaces (parameter C), and rockfall volume from rockfall voids (parameter D). This rating system, although not inclusive of other non-geological factors, appears to provide reproducible quantitative estimation of geologic factors that control rockfall generation.
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Wang, Yihang, Qiang Fu, Yufeng Zhang, et al. "A Digital Closed-Loop Sense MEMS Disk Resonator Gyroscope Circuit Design Based on Integrated Analog Front-end." Sensors 20, no. 3 (2020): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030687.
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A digital closed-loop system design of a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) disk resonator gyroscope (DRG) is proposed in this paper. Vibration models with non-ideal factors are provided based on the structure characteristics and operation mode of the sensing element. The DRG operates in force balance mode with four control loops. A closed self-excited loop realizes stable vibration amplitude on the basis of peak detection technology and phase control loop. Force-to-rebalance technology is employed for the closed sense loop. A high-frequency carrier loaded on an anchor weakens the effect of parasitic capacitances coupling. The signal detected by the charge amplifier is demodulated and converted into a digital output for subsequent processing. Considering compatibility with digital circuits and output precision demands, a low passband sigma-delta (ΣΔ) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is implemented with a 111.8dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The analog front-end and digital closed self-excited loop is manufactured with a standard 0.35 µm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The experimental results show a bias instability of 2.1 °/h and a nonlinearity of 0.035% over the ± 400° full-scale range.
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Kutsikos, Konstadinos, Nikolaos Konstantopoulos, Damianos Sakas, and Yiannis Verginadis. "Developing and managing digital service ecosystems: a service science viewpoint." Journal of Systems and Information Technology 16, no. 3 (2014): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsit-02-2014-0015.
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Purpose – The need for modern enterprises to seamlessly interoperate poses significant challenges on their capabilities for engaging in multiple business networks. This paper considers a particular type of business network, namely, “service ecosystems”, and proposes architecture for enabling business firms to: control dissemination and usage of the resources they contribute to the ecosystem; and develop corresponding service offerings. Design/methodology/approach – A literature review informed our research work and contextualized the development of relevant research questions. The research questions were based on unstructured, creative techniques (e.g. brainstorming), combined with rigorous requirements specification for software tools developed as part of this research. Overall development was based on service science and enterprise interoperability research, distilled in four principles that provided the context and direction for this work. Findings – Three key components of the proposed architecture were developed: service map, which identifies the building blocks needed to construct a service ecosystem; interoperability model, as a decision-making mechanism for dynamic (re-) arrangement of a service map’s building blocks; and shared service infrastructure for the provision of support services to all ecosystem participants. Originality/value – This research has advanced current thinking in developing and managing service ecosystems. By adopting a service science viewpoint (service value co-creation, value-in-use), a holistic approach for building collaboration capabilities is described: at the enterprise level, it pertains to decision-making mechanisms for service provision; at the ecosystem level, it pertains to a software platform for managing common collaboration tasks.
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Xia, Jack Zhijie, and Chia-Hsiang Menq. "Real Time Estimation of Elastic Deformation for End-Point Tracking Control of Flexible Two-Link Manipulators." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 115, no. 3 (1993): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899114.
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In this paper, an elastic-deformation estimator is proposed for real time end-point tracking control of a flexible two-link manipulator. Due to the noncolocated characteristics of the system, the inverse model (from end-point motion to control torques) is divided into two subsystems, namely, the stable subsystem and the unstable one, corresponding to the causal part and noncausal part of the system’s elastic motion, respectively. A digital filter is formulated to replace the unstable subsystem so as to estimate the noncausal part of the elastic motion associated with a specified end-point motion. For the design of the filter, the frequency response ratio between the filter and the unstable subsystem is used as the criterion, the objective of which is to have the frequency response ratio have zero phase shift as well as unity gain within a specified frequency range. It is shown that due to the noncausal characteristics of the unstable subsystem, preview information of the input trajectory is required for implementing the proposed filter, and the estimation accuracy increases as increasing the preview steps. Based on the stable subsystem and the proposed digital filter, a time-varying estimator is designed to estimate the elastic motion of the system when the end-point motion is specified. A command feedforward controller is then used to calculate the required control torques based on the estimated elastic deformation and the desired end-point motion. The computed torques along with a feedback controller then form a control scheme making the flexible two-link manipulator become capable of precision end-point tracking. Simulation results are presented to show the performance of the proposed end-point tracking scheme as well as the elastic-deformation estimator.
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Wilson, John P., William P. Inskeep, Paul R. Rubright, Diana Cooksey, Jeffrey S. Jacobsen, and Robert D. Snyder. "Coupling Geographic Information Systems and Models for Weed Control and Groundwater Protection." Weed Technology 7, no. 1 (1993): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00037234.
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The Chemical Movement through Layered Soils (CMLS) model was modified and combined with the USDA-SCS State Soil Geographic Data Base (STATSGO) and Montana Agricultural Potentials System (MAPS) digital databases to assess the likelihood of groundwater contamination from selected herbicides in Teton County, MT. The STATSGO and MAPS databases were overlaid to produce polygons with unique soil and climate characteristics and attribute tables containing only those data needed by the CMLS model. The Weather Generator (WGEN) computer simulation model was modified and used to generate daily precipitation and evapotranspiration values. A new algorithm was developed to estimate soil carbon as a function of soil depth. The depth of movement of the applied chemicals at the end of the growing season was estimated with CMLS for each of the soil series in the STATSGO soil mapping units and the results were entered into ARC/INFO to produce the final hazard maps showing best, weighted average, and worst case results for every unique combination (polygon) of soil mapping unit and climate. County weed infestation maps for leafy spurge and spotted knapweed were digitized and overlaid in ARC/INFO with the CMLS model results for picloram to illustrate how the results might be used to evaluate the threat to groundwater posed by current herbicide applications.
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SEVRYUGINA, N. S., A. S. APATENKO, and P. D. KAPYRIN. "RECLAMATION SYSTEMS AND DIGITAL IDENTITY AS A MECHANISM OF RESOURCE MANAGEMENT." Prirodoobustrojstvo, no. 3 (2021): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/1997-6011-2021-3-6-13.
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The purpose of the study is to establish an analytical relationship between the irrigation norm and the sum of positive temperatures which will allow optimizing and rationalizing the use of natural resource potential without affecting the productivity of forage crops. There is established that the dynamics of soil moisture during the vegetation season on the meadow-alluvial soils of the Aral Sea region and sierozem soils of the south of Kazakhstan with the sum of positive temperatures is greater than 10°C.To justify the period of vegetation irrigation according to the indicators of the sum of effective temperatures,field studies were conducted and the materials obtained were analyzed. In addition, the establishment of pre-irrigation antecedent soil moisture based on preliminary calculations allows you to stabilize the microclimate of the irrigated area and increase the gross crop yield, save irrigation water. On cotton crops, irrigation must be carried out when the sum of the effective temperatures is 500…550°C, 800…850°C,1100-1150°C and 1400°C from the beginning of sowing. At the same time, the excess yield control of raw cotton in production conditions is about 4.9 c/ha. On forage crops, watering should be carried out according to the accumulation of the sum of effective temperatures of 400°C, subsequent watering every 200°C-250°C.It follows from the calculations that the maize irrigation season should start from the second decade of May and end in late June with a watering rate of 650 to 800 m3/ha. Carrying out irrigation in accordance with the sum of positive temperatures allows you to save up to 2-3 watering with a total irrigation rate of 1400 to 2400 m3/ha. and increases the gross yield of agricultural crops.
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Kumar, Umesh. "A Retrospection of Chaotic Phenomena in Electrical Systems." Active and Passive Electronic Components 21, no. 1 (1998): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/32462.
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In the last decade new phenomena have been observed in all areas of non linear dynamics, principal among these being ‘Chaotic phenomena’. Chaos has been reported virtually from every scientific discipline. This paper summarizes a study of the chaotic phenomena in electrical systems and attempts to translate the mathematical ideas and techniques into language that engineers and applied scientists can use to study ‘Chaos’. Towards this end, the paper has summarized the study of chaos in several examples like Chua’s circuit family; Folded Torus circuit; non-autonomous circuits; switched capacitor circuits and hyper-chaos circuits. As observed in power systems, control systems and digital filters, chaos has been exhibited and shown on examples.
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Sovilj, P., M. Milovanović, D. Pejić, M. Urekar, and Z. Mitrović. "Influence of Wilbraham-Gibbs Phenomenon on Digital Stochastic Measurement of EEG Signal Over an Interval." Measurement Science Review 14, no. 5 (2014): 270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msr-2014-0037.
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Abstract Measurement methods, based on the approach named Digital Stochastic Measurement, have been introduced, and several prototype and small-series commercial instruments have been developed based on these methods. These methods have been mostly investigated for various types of stationary signals, but also for non-stationary signals. This paper presents, analyzes and discusses digital stochastic measurement of electroencephalography (EEG) signal in the time domain, emphasizing the problem of influence of the Wilbraham-Gibbs phenomenon. The increase of measurement error, related to the Wilbraham-Gibbs phenomenon, is found. If the EEG signal is measured and measurement interval is 20 ms wide, the average maximal error relative to the range of input signal is 16.84 %. If the measurement interval is extended to 2s, the average maximal error relative to the range of input signal is significantly lowered - down to 1.37 %. Absolute errors are compared with the error limit recommended by Organisation Internationale de Métrologie Légale (OIML) and with the quantization steps of the advanced EEG instruments with 24-bit A/D conversion
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Yamakawa, Daiki, Takashi Okimoto, Songpon Teerakanok, Atsuo Inomata, and Tetsutaro Uehara. "Enhancing Digital Certificate Usability in Long Lifespan IoT Devices by Utilizing Private CA." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (February 16, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6610863.
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Today, smart devices and services have become a part of our daily life. These devices and services offer a richer user experience with a much higher quality of services than before. Many of them utilize sensing functions via cloud architecture to perform remote device controls and monitoring. Generally, the security of the communication between these devices and the service provider (e.g., cloud server) is achieved by using the TLS protocol via PKI standard. In this study, we investigate the risk associating with the use of public certificate authorities (CAs) in a PKI-based IoT system. An experiment is conducted to demonstrate existing vulnerabilities in real IoT devices available in the market. Next, the use of a private CA in the cloud-centric IoT architecture is proposed to achieve better control over the certificate issuing process and the validity period of the certificate. Lastly, the security analysis pointing out the strengths and drawbacks of the proposed method is discussed in detail.
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Birch, Kean, DT Cochrane, and Callum Ward. "Data as asset? The measurement, governance, and valuation of digital personal data by Big Tech." Big Data & Society 8, no. 1 (2021): 205395172110173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20539517211017308.
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Digital personal data is increasingly framed as the basis of contemporary economies, representing an important new asset class. Control over these data assets seems to explain the emergence and dominance of so-called “Big Tech” firms, consisting of Apple, Microsoft, Amazon, Google/Alphabet, and Facebook. These US-based firms are some of the largest in the world by market capitalization, a position that they retain despite growing policy and public condemnation—or “techlash”—of their market power based on their monopolistic control of personal data. We analyse the transformation of personal data into an asset in order to explore how personal data is accounted for, governed, and valued by Big Tech firms and other political-economic actors (e.g., investors). However, our findings show that Big Tech firms turn “users” and “user engagement” into assets through the performative measurement, governance, and valuation of user metrics (e.g., user numbers, user engagement), rather than extending ownership and control rights over personal data per se. We conceptualize this strategy as a form of “techcraft” to center attention on the means and mechanisms that Big Tech firms deploy to make users and user data measurable and legible as future revenue streams.
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Aggarwal, Parag, and Vivek Ashok Bohara. "End-to-End Theoretical Evaluation of a Nonlinear MIMO-OFDM System in the Presence of Digital Predistorter." IEEE Systems Journal 13, no. 3 (2019): 2309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2018.2872609.
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