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1
Loi, Hio. "ESSAYS ON DIGITAL CURRENCY." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1179.
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The first chapter examines whether Bitcoin, the most popular cryptocurrency, is a good investment vehicle for diversifying an investment portfolio by testing its systematic risk. The chapter also estimates the optimal proportion of Bitcoin that should be included in an investment portfolio. The observation period in this chapter is between 7/20/2010 and 6/30/2014, and a wide range of regions are examined around the world. The Capital Asset Pricing Model and the Fama-French Three Factor Model are used to examine the systematic risk of Bitcoin, and the optimal proportion of Bitcoin in an investment portfolio is estimated by the mean-variance portfolio analyses. The results show that Bitcoin is a non-systematic risk asset around the world markets so that Bitcoin can be used to diversify the risk in an investment portfolio. Besides, The mean-variance portfolio analyses suggest that the optimal proportion of Bitcoin in an investment portfolio is between 4.4\% and 21.5\%. In the second chapter, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag cointegration with bounds test approach and the unrestricted vector autoregressive model with Granger causality tests are applied to identify the determinants of Bitcoin price movement. The time series daily data from 8/17/2010 to 1/8/2016 is used in this chapter. The control variables include the supply and demand fundamentals of Bitcoin, macro economic indicators, and investor's attractiveness of Bitcoin. The results confirm the existence of Bitcoin price equilibrium in the long run. In the short run, the price of Bitcoin is affected by its supply and demand fundamentals such as Bitcoin US exchange trade volume and the number of transaction in Bitcoin. In addition, the findings suggest that the causality between Bitcoin price and its supply and demand fundamentals are bi-directional. The third chapter studies the liquidity of Bitcoin using the time series daily data over the period 1/1/2014 to 12/31/2015. Based on the available data for Bitcoin, five liquidity measures are chosen to evaluate the liquidities of five Bitcoin exchange companies and different size of stocks. The results suggest that the liquidity of Bitcoin is sensitive to the choice of the Bitcoin exchange company. The Bitcoin exchange company called Bitfinex provides the highest liquidity for Bitcoin trading. Moreover, the results indicate that stocks are more liquid than Bitcoin no matter the market capitalization sizes of stocks.
2
Teichmann, Fabian, and Marie-Christin Falker. "Will Digital Currencies Replace Cash?: Digital, Currency, Privacy and Surveillance." Universität Leipzig, 2020. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A70813.
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In some nations, including Sweden and South Korea, cash payments are becoming increasingly
uncommon. Other nations, such as Germany, continue to predominantly prefer cash.
At the same time, digital currency is on the rise, and the announced launch of Facebook’s
stablecoin Libra, in particular, has caused a debate around digital money. In response, a
number of central banks have begun to consider launching their own versions of digital
currency. This article analyzes characteristics of both cash and digital currency and illustrates
advantages as well as disadvantages of digital money and a cashless society. In particular,
privacy concerns regarding digital cash are addressed. In addition, compliance risks
are highlighted, and it is deliberated whether the introduction of digital cash could lead to
a decrease in crime related to cash and cryptocurrencies.
3
Allan, Matthew J. "Digital Currency in the Digital Age: Portfolio Diversification Using Bitcoin and Litecoin." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/831.
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This paper will show the effect of cryptocurrencies, specifically Bitcoin and Litecoin, on a diversified portfolio of traditional and alternative assets. By using weekly closing price of these data, I use a single-index model to find betas, Sharpe ratios, and asset correlations. Then using the Markowitz Portfolio Optimization model to find optimal weights both with and without percentage restrictions. To date there is little academic research into cryptocurrency portfolio management. This paper expands upon a similar study done in the summer of 20131 through the Université Libre de Bruxelles. However, their data was from before a major spike in Bitcoin demand in November that same year, and did not include Litecoin. This paper fills the gap.
4
McCoy, Mason Eugene. "A Twitter-Based Prediction Tool for Digital Currency." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2302.
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Digital currencies (cryptocurrencies) are rapidly becoming commonplace in the global market. Trading is performed similarly to the stock market or commodities, but stock market prediction algorithms are not necessarily well-suited for predicting digital currency prices. In this work, we analyzed tweets with both an existing sentiment analysis package and a manually tailored "objective analysis," resulting in one impact value for each analysis per 15-minute period. We then used evolutionary techniques to select the most appropriate training method and the best subset of the generated features to include, as well as other parameters. This resulted in implementation of predictors which yielded much more profit in four-week simulations than simply holding a digital currency for the same time period--the results ranged from 28% to 122% profit. Unlike stock exchanges, which shut down for several hours or days at a time, digital currency prediction and trading seems to be of a more consistent and predictable nature.
5
Shi, Ye, and Shucheng Zhou. "Central Bank Digital Currencies: Towards a Chinese Approach : Design Choices of Digital Currency Electronic Payment." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Jönköping University, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48662.
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Inspired by the digital revolution to the financial industry, the discussion around central bank digital currency also attract attention from academics and central banks. The People’s Bank of China (PBOC) is also researching on China’s CBDC: digital currency electronic payment (DCEP) and announced that DCEP would be issued as soon as possible. However, the PBOC does not systematically disclose the information of DCEP. The characteristics and mechanism design are still obscured and need to be explored deeply. This thesis analysed the classification and mechanism design choices of DCEP from the perspective of two different demands: general demand and central bank demand. Based on pragmatism philosophy, we use a mixed-methods approach that is a combination of qualitative and quantitative research. Through the interview and surveys, we identified the demands from the PBOC and the general public in China and the characteristics of DCEP from official claims. Then generate the design choices via the money flower and the pyramid of CBDC models and compare the result with the demand. The analysis shows that the DCEP belongs to type B general-purpose CB digital tokens, and it would adopt a complex multi-layer hybrid architecture design, with the support from both DLT and conventional way. In conclusion, the current mechanism design choices can meet the demands from each side to a certain extent and reached a delicate balance under the trade-off between privacy and security issues. This thesis provides an insightful view on the classification and design choices of DCEP, fulfils the lack of systematic research relating to the demand and design choices of DCEP, and reveals the public’s insufficient knowledge in DCEP.
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Almeida, Lucas Minelli de. "Central Bank Digital Currency: um olhar sobre o design e formas de implementação." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/23427.
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Mestrado Bolonha em Economia Internacional e Estudos EuropeusO estado atual do mundo criou a tempestade perfeita para a abordagem deste tema. Partindo da rápida digitalização que atravessamos, acelerada pela explosão da crise pandémica recente e, paralelamente, o aumento da popularidade das criptomoedas privadas, que puseram em causa os Bancos Centrais e a respetiva autoridade monetária, abriu-se espaço à exploração das Central Bank Digital Currency. Nesse sentido, tem-se assistido a um aumento exponencial do interesse por parte dos Bancos Centrais neste tópico. A importância de perceber como esta se pode complementar ou, eventualmente, substituir o dinheiro físico como o conhecemos e entender que tipo de impacto pode ter no quotidiano do cidadão comum é crucial. As possibilidades de design são inúmeras, sendo que cada uma delas traz consigo uma abordagem e trade-offs diferentes. São questões que podem tocar em pontos como a segurança dos nossos dados pessoais até à facilidade de comprar algo digitalmente com moeda estrangeira. Estas serão decisões que serão sempre modeladas pelas caraterísticas e circunstâncias de uma certa jurisdição, apesar de toda a complexidade técnica e operacional associada.
The current state of the world has created the perfect storm to address this issue. Based on the rapid digitization that we are going through, accelerated by the explosion of the recent pandemic crisis and, at the same time, the increase in the popularity of private cryptocurrencies, which called into question the Central Banks and the respective monetary authority, space was opened for the exploitation of the Central Bank Digital Currency. In this sense, there has been an exponential increase in interest on the part of Central Banks on this topic. The importance of understanding how it can complement or eventually replace physical money as we know it and understanding what kind of impact it can have on the everyday lives of ordinary people is crucial. The design possibilities are endless, each with a different approach and trade-offs. These are issues that can touch on points such as the security of our personal data to the ease of buying something digitally with foreign currency. These will be decisions that will always be shaped by the characteristics and circumstances of a given jurisdiction, despite all the associated technical and operational complexity.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Agarwal, Nipun. "Digital Money: Political Economy of Cryptocurrencies." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/25383.
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Since the advent of Bitcoin in 2009, cryptocurrencies have become prominent in
financial markets. Their introduction relates to development of a currency that is
free from government control. The creation of cryptocurrencies seems to be
related to Fredrick August von Hayek’s concepts of denationalisation of money.
But, it is not clear that there is a direct linkage with Hayek’s concepts. Hayek
(1944, 1945, 1982) has stated that free markets are preferred to the government
monopoly on issuing money as it provides for free transfer of information and
competitive pricing of money.
However, Rothbard (1982) states that managing money provides governments a
strong grip on the economic activities of a country. As a result, it is hard for the
government to give that power away as it intertwines its political and fiscal
responsibilities. Central banks are now developing digital currencies in order to
restrict the use of cryptocurrencies. Therefore, this thesis asks the question: Can
Central Bank Digital Currency and Private Cryptocurrency Co-exist?
As per Mises’ (1998) Regression Theorem, a currency needs to be backed by a
commodity in order to keep a stable value and private cryptocurrencies cannot be
a valid currency. It is unlikely that cryptocurrencies will replace fiat currencies or
central bank digital currencies within local jurisdictions. At present,
cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin act more as assets than currencies and an increase
in demand has led to significant price volatility. However, these cryptocurrencies
can exist for cross border transactions, developing a two-tiered system.
Additionally, new cryptocurrencies can be developed that could support the
existence of private cryptocurrencies within local jurisdiction that can compete
with central bank digital currencies. Finally, this thesis provides forms in which
this co-existence can occur.
8
Stark, Frida, and Sandra Medenica. "E-valutor, framtidens nya betalmedel? : En empirisk och komparativ analys av Bitcoins påverkan av intresset för införandet av en nationell e-krona i Sverige samt effekterna på samhället av en sådan valuta." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176818.
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Författare: Sandra Medenica & Frida Stark Handledare: Joakim Persson Bakgrund: Kontantanvändningen i Sverige idag har minskat i takt med den digitala utvecklingen vilket har skapat plats för nya betalningsmöjligheter, exempelvis kryptovalutor och e-valutor. Samtidigt håller Riksbanken på att utreda möjligheten för en e-krona som skulle medföra att Riksbanken kan reglera penningpolitiken på ett mer effektivt sätt samt bibehålla sin monopolställning som ensam utgivare av pengar på betalningsmarknaden. Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vilka effekter en e-krona skulle ha på samhället samt om det finns ett samband mellan priset på Bitcoin och länders intresse för att införa en CBDC. Metod: Uppsatsen grundar sig på litteraturstudier och ekonomiska teorier för att analysera ekonomiska effekter av en e-krona i Sverige. Utöver det genomförs en regressionsanalys för att härleda ett eventuellt potentiellt samband med data som visar Bitcoinkursen och länders intresse för ett införande av Central Bank Digital Currency, CBDC. Slutsats: En e-krona skulle medföra att Riksbanken lättare kan genomföra penningpolitiska åtgärder för att stimulera ekonomin samt att de skulle fortsätta bidra med konkurrens på betalningsmarknaden. Affärsbankerna skulle eventuellt kunna påverkas av en undanträngningseffekt i form av att bankinlåningarna minskar vilket leder till att de skulle förlora en del av sin ställning på betalningsmarknaden. Utöver det skulle de kriminella verksamheterna kunna minska när kontanterna fasas ut då de anonyma betalningsmöjligheterna blir färre. Det finns ett positivt uppskattat samband mellan Bitcoinkursen och länders intresse för ett införande av en CBDC med en korrelation på 0,52. Det innebär att när Bitcoinkursen stiger kommer även länders intresse för en CBDC öka. Detta kan vara en förklaring till ländernas intresse, men fler variabler bör tas i beaktning vid vidare analys.Authors: Sandra Medenica & Frida Stark Supervisor: Joakim Persson Background: Today´s use of cash in Sweden has decreased along with the digital development, which has created space for new payment options, such as cryptocurrencies and e-currencies. Along with this development, the central bank of Sweden is investigating the possibility of an e-krona, which would allow the central bank of Sweden to regulate the monetary policy in a more efficient way and maintain its monopoly position as the sole issuer of money in the payment market. Purpose: The aim of this essay is to investigate what effects an e-krona would have on society and whether there is a correlation between the price of Bitcoin and countries' interest in introducing a CBDC. Completion: The essay is based on literature studies and economic theories to analyze the economic effects of an e-krona in Sweden. In addition, a regression analysis is performed to deduce a possible correlation with the data showing the Bitcoin exchange rate and countries' interest in the introduction of Central Bank Digital Currency, CBDC. Conclusions: An e-krona would mean that the Riksbank could more easily implement monetary policy measures to stimulate the economy and that they would continue to contribute to competition in the payment market. The commercial banks could possibly be affected by a crowding-out effect in the form of reduced bank deposits, which leads to them losing part of their position in the payment market. In addition, the criminal activities could decrease when the cash is phased out as the anonymous payment options become fewer. There is a positive estimated effect of the bitcoin exchange rate on countries interest of a CBDC with a correlation of 0,52. In other words, when the bitcoin exchange rate rises there is an increase in the countries interest of a CBDC. This might be an explanation for the interest, however, more variables should be considered in the analysis.
9
Perugini, Maria Letizia <1973>. "Distributed Ledger Technologies e sistemi di Blockchain: Digital Currency, Smart Contract e altre applicazioni." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8257/1/ml%20perugini%20-%20tesi%20di%20dottorato.pdf.
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Questo studio si propone di analizzare il complesso delle novità introdotte al sistema dei pagamenti e al trasferimento di diritti da Distributed Ledger e Blockchain, in una prospettiva che tenga conto delle applicazioni di mercato di queste innovazioni tecnologiche e della tutela giuridica degli interessi economici e delle posizioni soggettive che ne derivano. In particolar modo, l’opera vuole stimolare la discussione volta alla definizione di un quadro normativo socialmente adeguato che sostenga l’efficienza di questi strumenti in un’ottica di scambio economico globalizzato.This essay aims at analyzing the ensemble of innovation introduced by Distributed Ledger and Blockchain to the payment system and the transfer of rights, in a perspective considering the market applications of these new technologies and the legal protection of deriving economics interests and individual rights. Purposely, our dissertation aspires to encourage the discussion for the definition of a socially adequate legal framework sustaining the efficiency of these instruments in a global exchange perspective.
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Škoda, Dominik. "Bitcoin jako forma digitálních peněz." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-198623.
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This thesis aims to completely map the problem of new forms of money, called cryptocurrency. It explains the economic principles of functioning these decentralized currencies, particularly emitting (the mining), amount of fees and functioning of the payment system. The work is focused on the currency Bitcoin, for which it describes in detail its origin and development, possibility of simultaneous use (in many examples) as well as possible future scenarios of these currencies. In conclusion, the work describes role of Bitcoin in the current banking system and risks of the Bitcoin.
11
Kozlik, Petr. "EXPLORING DIGITAL CURRENCIES: Designing a peer-to-peer exchange with use of Blockchain." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22275.
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Digital currencies represent complementary alternatives to fiat money in the conventional mental models of exchange. Blockchain, as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, holds a potential to influence a peer-to-peer exchange in the perspective of trust and ownership. The underlying technologies of digital currencies may be part of concepts, where designers have a possibility to define their own exchange articles for specific needs of the exchange. The ambition of this report is to illustrate the possibilities for the initiation of a peer-to-peer exchange with use of the underlying technologies beyond Bitcoin. The explorative approach provided me material for the retrospective reflection to achieve this ambition. The thesis project consisted three iterations, one experiment, and a literature overview. The main conceptual work illustrates the result of explorative research, where blockchain ensures trust between participating parties. This ecosystem uses the principles of sharing economy for initialisation of exchange within the community. This concept demonstrates potential opportunities for future transactions, in which the exchange article replaces fiat money.
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SINGH, ADITYA VIKRAM SINGH. "CRYPTOCURRENCIES: GROWTH & CHALLENGES IN INDIA." Thesis, DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18334.
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With the rapid development of information and information technology, many activities in our
daily life can be integrated online, making it easier and more efficient. The significant increase in
the number of online users has led to the concept of visual terms and the creation of a new
business entity called cryptocurrency, making it easier to conduct financial transactions such as
buying, selling and trading. Cryptocurrency is a valuable and invisible electronic tool for a wide
variety of applications and networks, including online social networks, online social games,
virtual worlds and peer-to-peer networks. In recent years, obvious costs have spread to various
programs. This paper examines the expectations of cryptocurrency users for the future. It
examines users' reliance on cryptocurrency when virtual currency is fully controlled and out of
control. Furthermore, the paper seeks to determine the prevalence of cryptocurrency use to
provide a clear picture with an active perspective. The magazine also examines how 21 different
countries have reacted to cryptocurrency in terms of policies and regulations to create a clearer
picture of its impact on the regulation of various laws in India.
13
Sabbion, Davide Maria Giovanni <1997>. "Central bank digital currency: a regulatory perspective on the future payment instrument in the European Union." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/21175.
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In recent years the economy has seen an expansion of various methods of payment, more and more digital possibilities are offered to customers in order to pay their bills at stores, restaurants or simply when they are shopping on Amazon at home. The digital world is taking over not just the single phases of the transaction, but also the means itself behind that said transaction. Digital currencies are, in fact, no longer an abstract concept or futuristic tool, they became a reality. For this reason central Authorities, such as the ECB, can no longer disregard the matter, but should develop their own digital payment instrument. With this paper we are going to address how the issuance of a central bank digital currency will affect the current EU regulation system and which changes should be made to the normative framework.
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Krivodub, A. G. "Digital currencies and technologies of distributed ledgers." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/65249.
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Electronic money (e-money), defined in the CPMI’s A glossary of terms used in payments and settlement systems as “value stored electronically in a device such as a chip card or a hard drive in a personal computer”, is also commonly used around the world. Some jurisdictions have developed specific legislation regulating e-money (e.g. the E-Money Directive in the EU).
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Leopoldová, Lucie. "Kryptografická měna Bitcoin a její budoucí vývoj." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192435.
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The main objective of this diploma thesis is to find out the potential of digital currencies to replace contemporary fiat currency. Specifically, the thesis is focused on cryptocurrency Bitcoin, which currently has the highest market value. The thesis is divided into three main chapters. The first one focuses on money itself and its function, not only today but also throughout the history. Second chapter explains substance and functioning of Bitcoin, as well as its role in the current monetary system. Likewise the question of regulatory measures and competition of altcoins is being examined. Final part analyses the future of digital currencies and it compares pros and cons of Bitcoin and money we use today. Furthermore, it is discussed whether Bitcoin is the next bubble in the financial market. In the end, main problems which Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies deal with are mentioned and a possible future development is outlined.
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Callen, Naviglia Jennifer. "The Technological, Economic and Regulatory Challenges of Digital Currency| An Exploratory Analysis of Federal Judicial Cases Involving Bitcoin." Thesis, Robert Morris University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10745672.
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Digital currency comes in many forms however Bitcoin stands out as the most popular. Bitcoin, released to the public in 2009, remains in the infancy stage of the technology lifecycle. Bitcoin has no regulatory body, central bank or government backing creating doubt as to the digital currency’s legitimacy. Despite Bitcoin’s lack of “official” recognition, the digital currency’s popularity continues to grow as the number of merchants and vendors accepting the currency expands globally.
Focusing solely on the U.S. economy and monetary system, the lack of regulation and government recognition leaves legal disputes involving users of Bitcoin in the hands of a U.S. judicial system lacking previous case law as guidance. This research paper provides an in-depth analysis of the technical, economic and regulatory challenges facing the U.S. Federal Court system involving Bitcoin. A qualitative content analysis was employed in the exploratory review of 50 federal judicial cases involving Bitcoin. Key findings include discrepancies between the U.S. Judicial System and the U.S. Internal Revenue System on what and how to categorize Bitcoin, the value of bitcoin mining equipment, and the types of federal cases coming before the U.S. Judicial Courts involving Bitcoin.
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Stråle, Johansson Nathalie, and Malin Tjernström. "The Price Volatility of Bitcoin : A search for the drivers affecting the price volatility of this digital currency." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-98397.
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Created in 2009, the digital currency of bitcoin is a relatively new phenomenon. During this short period of time, it has however displayed a strong development of both price and trade volume. This has led to increased media attention, but also regulators and researchers have developed an interest. At this moment, the amount of available research is however limited. With a focus on the price volatility of bitcoin and an aim of finding drivers of this volatility, this study is taking a unique position. The research has its basis in the philosophical position of positivism and objectivism. This has shaped the research question as well as the construction of the study. The result is a describing and explaining research with a deductive research approach, a quantitative research method and an archival research strategy. This has in turn stimulated an extensive literature review and information search. Areas of discussion are microstructure theory, the efficient market hypothesis, behavioural finance and informational structures. Due to the limited amount of previous bitcoin research within the area of price volatility, the study has drawn extensively on research performed on more classical assets such as stocks. Nevertheless, when available, bitcoin research has been used as a foundation/reference and an inspiration. Reviews of academic literature and economic theories, as well as public news helped to identify the variables for the empirical study. These variables are; information demand, trade volume, world market index, trend and six specified events, occurring during the chosen sample period and included in the study as dummy variables. The variables are all analysed and included in a GARCH (1,1) model, modified following a similar research by Vlastakis & Markellos (2012) on stocks. This GARCH (1,1) model is then fitted to the bitcoin volatility registered for the sample period and is able thereby able to generate data of if and how the variables affect the bitcoin volatility. The test result suggests that five of the ten variables are significant on a 5 %-level. More specifically it suggests that information demand is a significant variable with a positive influence on the bitcoin volatility, something that corresponds to the literature on information demand and price volatility. This also relates to the events found significant, as they generated bitcoin related information. The significant events of the Cypriot crisis and the failure of the bitcoin exchange MtGox are thus specific examples of how information affects price volatility. Another significant variable is trade volume, which also displays a positive influence on the volatility. The last significant variable turned out to be a constructed positive trend, suggesting that increasing acceptance of bitcoin decreases its volatility.
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Ottosson, Max. "Teknikens roll i en digital valuta : en studie om användarnas förtroende för bitcoin." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-22962.
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Bitcoin is a digital currency that is used by people all around the world. The goal of this paper is to give an idea about how much trust there is in bitcoin among its users. This paper has used an online survey aimed at bitcoinusers and a content analysis to collect data about this trust. The conclusions show that there seems to be some trust in bitcoin as a technology and this is based on that the users have a good understanding about how bitcoin works. They also share their knowledge about bitcoin to people around them. The trust between people in the bitcoin network on the contrary doesn’t seem as high because certain technological properties hurt this trust. The survey showed that only a small percentage of the users started to use bitcoin to buy and sell products, which may indicate a lower degree of trust in other people.
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Fernandes, André Luis Milagres. "Fatores que influenciam a intenção de uso da moeda social digital: um experimento de campo." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/24533.
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O objetivo desta pesquisa é compreender fatores que influenciam a intenção de uso da moeda social digital, especificamente a influência da Percepção de Confiança Inicial, Percepção de Facilidade de Uso, Percepção de Risco e da Oportunidade de Experimentar o aplicativo da moeda social. O referencial teórico fundamenta-se nas teorias que buscam compreender a intenção de uso dos serviços de pagamentos móveis (M-payment). Os dados foram coletados a partir de um questionário em um levantamento amostral aliado a um experimento de campo aplicado a 256 usuários da moeda social em cédula de três bancos comunitários. A Oportunidade de Experimentar foi uma condição experimental aleatorizada para permitir uma inferência causal mais consistente. Para o teste das hipóteses de pesquisa empregamos o método de PLS-SEM (partial least squares - structural equation modeling). Os resultados indicam que a Oportunidade de Experimentar o aplicativo afeta positivamente a intenção de uso da moeda social digital por meio de seu efeito na percepção de facilidade de uso e percepção de risco sobre o aplicativo. A percepção de confiança também se mostrou como um fator que aumenta a intenção de uso da moeda social digital.
This study aims to understand factors that affect the intention to use a digital social currency, namely the influence of the Initial perception of trust, Perception of ease of use, perception of risk and opportunity to try the app of the digital social currency. The theoretical framework is based on theories that try to explain the intention to use mobile payment services (M-payment). The empirical data was collected by means of a questionnaire in a survey experiment applied to 256 users of the paper social currency of three different community banks. The opportunity to try the app was an experimental condition randomly assigned in order to allow for robust causal inference of its effects. Hypotheses were tested using Partial Least Squares structural equation models (PLS-SEM). Results indicate that the opportunity to try the app positively affects the intent to use the digital social currency by means of its effect on the perception of ease of use and the perception of risk about the app. Trust also showed a positive effect on the intention to use the digital social currency.
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Gawell, Nathalie, and Hanne Hed. "E-kronan som framtida betalningsmedel? : En studie av yngre användares inställning till en potentiell implementering av E-kronan som komplement till dagens fysiska kontanter." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-151019.
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Bakgrund: Mycket talar för att Sverige kan komma att bli det första kontantfria landet i världen. I och med digitaliseringen har Sveriges Riksbank initierat ett projekt, ”E-kronan”, för att eventuellt lansera en digital valuta som komplement till de fysiska kontanterna. Denna uppsats kommer kartlägga de olika inställningarna som yngre användare i åldersgruppen 20 – 30 år kan tänkas ha och de bakomliggande faktorerna till dessa inställningar. Därmed ämnar uppsatsen bidra med en förståelse för hur den yngre generationen upplever E-kronan som alternativ till fysiska kontanta medel samt som underlag till beslutsfattare huruvida E-kronan bör implementeras utifrån ett användarperspektiv. Syfte: Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att kartlägga svenska 20 – 30 åringars inställning till en potentiell implementering av E-kronan som komplement till dagens fysiska kontanter, samt de bakomliggande faktorerna till de identifierade inställningarna. Genomförande: Uppsatsen har genom ett kvalitativt tillvägagångsätt intervjuat 58 personer under en tidsperiod på sju veckor. Författarna har använt sig av ett bekvämlighetsurval i kombination med ett kvoturval. I uppsatsen identifieras fyra typer beroende på respondenternas inställning samt skildras ett analysverktyg för att illustrera vilka bakomliggande faktorer som har haft större påverkan på avsikten att använda E-kronan. Slutsats: Uppsatsförfattarna kommer fram till att beredskapen för E-kronan inte är densamma som behovet som upplevs för den. Dessutom är information om projektet en väsentlig del som i nuläget begränsar respondenterna i deras beslutsfattande. Slutligen rekommenderar även uppsatsförfattarna att E-kronan bör utgöra ett betalalternativ som skiljer sig från dagens existerande.Background: Sweden could become the first cash-free country in the world. As a result of the digitalization, the Swedish Central Bank has initiated a project called the E-krona to investigate whether a launch of a digital currency should be realized to complement the hard cash. This essay will map the various attitudes that younger users in the age group 20 – 30 may have together with their underlying factors. Therefore, the essay aims to provide an understanding of how the younger generation experiences the E-krona as an alternative to hard cash as well as a basis for decision makers whether the E-krona should be implemented from a users' perspective. Purpose: The purpose of this essay is to map the Swedish 20 – 30-year old’s attitude towards a potential implementation of the E-krona as a complement to today's hard cash, as well as the underlying factors to the identified attitudes. Completion: The essay has been conducted through a qualitative approach in which 58 respondents were interviewed for a period of seven weeks. The authors have used a convenience selection combined with a ratio selection at the empirical gathering. The authors have identified four typologies dependent on the respondents' attitudes as well as created an analysis tool to illustrate which factors have had the most impact on the intention to use the E-krona. Conclusion: The authors have concluded that the readiness for the E-krona is not the same as the need for it. In addition, information about the project is an essential part that currently limits respondents in their decision making. Finally, the paper recommends that the E-krona should be designed with a unique infrastructure and functions to gain a competitive factor.
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Uhlíř, Václav. "Zpracování a využití informací na trzích alternativních měn." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241384.
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This student paper discusses principals of data collecting and subsequent analysis of data on digital currency exchanges followed by proposition and full implementation of research oriented system capable of solving all relevant tasks and presenting a way for implementing solutions for broad spectrum of related problems.
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Carvalho, Davi Torres de. "Perfil dos investidores de criptomoedas: análise de buscas correlacionadas ao Bitcoin." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/24646.
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Submitted by Davi Torres de Carvalho (davi.torres@gmail.com) on 2018-08-30T14:14:52Z
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Rejected by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br), reason: Prezado Davi O seu trabalho foi rejeitado pois o título que consta nele está diferente do título autorizado pela banca examinadora, sendo assim é necessário fazer a correção e submeter o arquivo novamente. Quaisquer dúvidas entrar em contato com o telefone 11 3799-7732. Atenciosamente, on 2018-08-30T14:52:44Z (GMT)
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O Bitcoin é a maior criptomoeda em valor de mercado (USD 140 bilhões) e volume de negócios diário (USD 5,7 bilhões) de um grande grupo de criptomoedas. Sua proposta é baseada em uma rede ponto a ponto para permitir que pagamentos online sejam enviados diretamente de uma parte para outra sem passar por uma instituição financeira. Essa proposta também se apresenta como método seguro para evitar o duplo gasto e proteger a rede de ataques cibernéticos. O Bitcoin também usa um sistema de incentivo para a manutenção da rede. Neste artigo, é possível compreender suas características técnicas, bem como analisar a evolução histórica do Bitcoin, incluindo alguns aspectos financeiros como investimento. O principal objetivo é analisar os dados do Google Trends, onde a quantidade de pesquisas correlacionadas ao Bitcoin é usada para encontrar os perfis de investidores que buscaram Bitcoin na internet. Alguns termos como 'mineração', 'mercado' e 'programação de computadores' tiveram uma associação positiva com o interesse do Bitcoin (medido pela quantidade de buscas). Por outro lado, a associação com o termo 'dólar' foi negativa. Os efeitos placebo relativos aos cantores 'Caetano Veloso' e 'Roberto Carlos' não foram significativos.
Bitcoin is the largest cryptocurrency in terms of total market value (USD 140 billion) and daily traded volume (USD 5.7 billion). Its solution is based on a peer-to-peer network to enable online payments to be sent directly from one party to another without going through financial institutions. This proposal presents itself as a safe method to avoid double expenses and to protect the network from cyber attacks. Bitcoin also uses an incentive system for the maintenance of the network. In this article, it is possible to understand its technical characteristics as well as analyze the historical evolution of the bitcoin, including some financial aspects as an investment. The main objective is to analyze the data from Google Trends where the quantity of searches correlated to Bitcoin is used to find the profiles of investors that looked up to bitcoin on the internet. Some terms as 'mining', 'market', and 'computer programming' had a positive association with Bitcoin's interest (measured by the quantity of searches). On the other hand, the association with the term 'dollar' was negative. The placebo effects relative to the singers 'Caetano Veloso' and 'Roberto Carlos' were not significant.
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Wandery, Oscar. "Bitcoin: A Seemingly Rampant Elevator, or is Someone Pushing its Buttons? : A Case Study on Bitcoin’s Fluctuations in Price and Concept." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-24421.
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This study looks at the price mechanism of the digital quasi-currency bitcoin. Through statistical analysis of secondary data a probable significant results regarding correlation and regression between price and different independent variables have been established. The final analysis is pointing towards network effects being a part of the determinants for the crypto-currency’s price. Complimentary to the quantitative study explained above, an implementation of hermeneutic analysis based on secondary theoretical sources, journalistic opinion and a professional qualified judgment has aided the author and study in conceptual understanding. This interpretation has semantic character, and takes a Socratic kickoff regarding the nature of bitcoin as a financial instrument. The analysis runs back and forth throughout the course of the study and finally intertwines with qualitative results in the discussion. It is the author’s impression that a significant dimorphism surrounds bitcoin, calling for a conceptual differentiation leading to practical rethinking. The study takes the shape of a case-study conducted over four months. The author’s location during the process of writing was Stockholm Sweden, but the gathered data is of transnational character.Den här studien tittar på prismekanismen hos den digitala kvasi-valören bitcoin. Genom statistisk analys av sekundärdata har sannolikt signifikanta resultat angående korrelation och linjärregrission mellan pris och olika oberoende variabler ettablerats. Den slutgiltiga analysen pekar mot att nätverksvariabler är delaktiga i avgörandet av krypto-valutans pris. Komplimentärt till den kvantitativa studen förklarad ovanför så har en implementation av hermeneutisk analys basserad på sekundära källor, journalistiska åsikter och ett professionellt kvalifiserat uttalande hjälpt författaren samt studien i dess konceptuella förståelse. Denna tolkning har semantisk karaktär, och tar Sokratisk avstamp gällande bitcoins natur som ett finansielt instrument. Analysen går fram och tillbaka genom uppsatsens gång, för att slutligen sammanvävas med de kvantitativa resultaten i uppsatsens diskussion. Det är denna förfatares intryck att en signifikant dimorphism omsluter bitcoin och kallar för en konceptuel differensiering som leder till praktiskt nytänkande. Studen tar formen av en fallstudie som genomförts om loppet av fyra månader. Författarens plats genom skrivandeprocessen var Stockholm Sverige, men den samlade datan har transnationell karaktär.
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Медведєва, С. О., and Д. В. Мальований. "Basic principles of the blockchain technology and its application." Thesis, ВНТУ, 2019. http://ir.lib.vntu.edu.ua//handle/123456789/24786.
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У даній доповіді розглянуто основні принципи роботи технології блокчейн, її практичну цінність та способи застосування у науковій, медичній, соціальній та фінансовій сферах.This paper deals with the main principles of blockchain technology work, its practical value is explained and the ways of application in economical, medical, social and financial areas are shown
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Жукова, Тетяна Анатоліївна, Татьяна Анатольевна Жукова, Tetiana Anatoliivna Zhukova, and К. О. Бойко. "Переваги та недоліки біткоіна, як можливої валютної системи майбутнього." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/64439.
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Біткоін по своїй суті є криптовалютою або цифровою валютою, яка була
створена для того, щоб вирішити майже всі проблеми он-лайн платежів.
Останнім часом світова наукова спільнота приділяє достатньо уваги
особливостям функціонування названої вище криптовалюти. Зокрема, дані
питання висвітлювалися в роботах таких зарубіжних і вітчизняних авторів як
Е. Фелти, Дж. Крол, Дж. Бонно, Д. Варуша, А. Власов, А. Сейтим.
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Капсамун, C. Ю. "Цифрові валюти: теорія та вплив на банківську діяльність." Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2020. http://dspace.oneu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/12347.
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У процесі написання роботи використовувалися як загальнонаукові, так і спеціальні методи пізнання: аналізу та синтезу - для визначення сутності поняття «цифрових валюта»; графічний метод та метод побудови аналітичних таблиць – для наочного зображення результатів аналізу ринку криптовалют; регресійно-кореляційний аналіз для побудови ринкової моделі з метою визначення ринкового ризику портфеля цифрових валют банку.
В результаті проведеного дослідження автором одержані такі наукові результати: надано уточнення термінів «цифрова валюта» та «блокчейн»; запропоновано використовувати криптовалюту у якості фінансового активу для інвестування та сформовано портфель криптовалют; побудовано ринкову модель сформованого портфелю з метою оцінки рівня ринкового ризику.In the process of writing the work used both general and special methods of cognition: analysis and synthesis - to determine the essence of the concept of "digital currency"; graphical method and method of constructing analytical tables - for a visual representation of the results of cryptocurrency market analysis; regression-correlation analysis to build a market model to determine the market risk of the bank's digital currency portfolio. As a result of the research, the author obtained the following scientific results: clarification of the terms "digital currency" and "blockchain"; proposed to use cryptocurrency as a financial asset for investment and formed a portfolio of cryptocurrencies; the market model of the formed portfolio is constructed for the purpose of an estimation of a level of market risk.
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Glennow, Emma, and Alexandra Granström. "Cashless society: Is there a relationship between innovation and cash circulation in economy?" Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254271.
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Around the globe, countries move away from banknotes and coins in the favor of digitized payments. A number of findings from academic research conclude various benefits associated with decreased cash usage, such as enhanced economic development, less costs for governments and banks, financial transparency as well as lower economic-related crime rates. In a light of various benefits moving towards cashless payments, it is hypothesized that there also could be a relationship between how innovative a country is and how much cash circulates in economy. The relationship could be both-sided like less cash circulation can trigger innovation and, at the same time, adoption of cashless payments could be driven by how innovative a country is. To be able to investigate a potential correlation, a correlation analysis is conducted between the two variables: an innovation level of a country and cash circulation in econom. The Global Innovation Index score will be used to summarize various factors that provide an overview of national innovation performance, and percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) will be used for currency in circulation. According to the findings, the hypothesis that there is a correlation between cash circulation and innovation performance in a country could not be rejected with a 5% significance level.Runt om i världen öppnar länder upp för att gå från kontanta betalningsmedel mot digitala betallösningar. Enligt tidigare forskning, leder minskad kontanthantering till flertalet fördelar såsom kraftigare ekonomisk tillväxt, ökad transparens, minskade kostnader samt minskad ekonomiskt brottslighet. De fördelar som kontantlösa betalningar skapar kan vara kopplade till hur innovativt ett land är och hur mycket kontanta medel som cirkulerar i ett lands ekonomi. Ett potentiellt samband mellan mängd kontanter som cirkulerar i ett samhälle och innovation i ett land kan vara tvåsidigt, till exempel att minskade mängder kontanter i ekonomin kan skapa innovation eller så kan kontantlösa betalningar skapas av hög innovationsnivån i ett land. För att kunna undersöka ett potentiellt samband, utförs en korrelationsanalys mellan de två variablerna: nationell innovationsnivå och mängd kontanter i cirkulation i ekonomin. Global Innovation Index används för att sammanfatta olika faktorer som ger en översikt över den nationella innovationsnivå per land och en procentandel av bruttonationalprodukten (BNP) kommer att användas för mängd valuta i omlopp. Enligt framkomna resultat från korrelationsanalysen kunde hypotesen om att det finns ett samband mellan kassaflöde och innovationsnivå i ett land inte förkastas.
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Almosova, Anna. "Essays on monetary macroeconomics." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19978.
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Diese Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit drei relevanten Aufgabebereichen einer Zentralbank und untersucht die makroökonomische Prognose, die Analyse der Geldpolitik in einem makroökonomischen Modell und die Analyse des Währungssystems. Jedes dieser Phänomene wird mit Hilfe des passenden Modells nach Nichtlinearitäten untersucht. Der erste Teil der Dissertation zeigt, dass nichtlineare rekurrente neuronale Netze, eine Methode aus dem Bereich Maschinelles Lernen, die Standard-Methoden übertreffen können und präzise Vorhersagen der Inflation in 1 bis 12 Monaten liefern können. Der zweiter Teil analysiert eine nichtlineare Formulierung der monetären Taylor-Regel. Anhand der Schätzung eines nichtlinearen DSGE Modells wird gezeigt, dass die Taylor-Regel in den USA asymmetrisch ist. Die Zentralbank ergreift stärkere Maßnahmen, wenn die Inflation höher ist als die Zielinflation, und reagiert weniger wenn die Inflation niedriger als die Zielinflation ist. Gleicherweise ist die Reaktion der monetären Politik stärker bei zu geringem Produktionswachstum als bei zu hohem. Der dritte Teil der Dissertation formuliert ein theoretisches Modell, das für eine Analyse der digitalen dezentralen Währungen verwendet werden kann. Es werden die Bedingungen bestimmt, unter denen der Wettbewerb zwischen der Währung der Zentralbank und den digitalen Währungen einige Beschränkungen für die Geldpolitik darstellt.This thesis addresses three topics that are relevant for the central bank policy design. It analyzes forecasting of the macroeconomic time series, accurate monetary policy formulation in a general equilibrium macroeconomic model and monitoring of the novel developments in the monetary system. All these issues are analyzed in a nonlinear framework with the help of a macroeconomic model. The first part of the thesis shows that nonlinear recurrent neural networks – a method from the machine learning literature – outperforms the usual benchmark forecasting models and delivers accurate inflation predictions for 1 to 12 months ahead. The second part of the thesis analyzes a nonlinear formulation of the Taylor rule. With the help of the nonlinear Bayesian estimation of a DSGE model it shows that the Taylor rule in the US is asymmetric. The central bank reacts stronger to inflation when it is above the target than when it is below the target. Similarly, the reaction to the output growth rate is stronger when the output growth is too weak than when it is too strong. The last part of the thesis develops a theoretical model that is suitable for the analysis of decentralized digital currencies. The model is used to derive the conditions, under which the competition between digital and fiat currencies imposes restrictions on the monetary policy design.
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McBryde, J. D. "Experimental and numerical modelling of gravity currents preceding backdrafts /." Christchurch, N.Z. : Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Canterbury, 2008. http://digital-library.canterbury.ac.nz/data/collection3/etd/adt-NZCU20080116.132247/.
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"A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in Fire Engineering."Includes bibliographical references (p. 209-215). Also available via the World Wide Web.
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Ongkasuwan, Patarawan. "Transaction synchronization and privacy aspect in blockchain decentralized applications." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-272134.
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The ideas and techniques of cryptography and decentralized storage have seen tremendous growth in many industries, as they have been adopted to improve activities in the organization. That called Blockchain technology, it provides an effective transparency solution. Generally, Blockchain has been used for digital currency or cryptocurrency since its inception. One of the best-known Blockchain protocols is Ethereum, which has invented the smart contract to enable Blockchain’s ability to execute a condition, rather than simply acting as storage. Applications that adopt this technology are called ‘Dapps’ or ‘decentralized applications’. However, there are ongoing arguments about synchronization associated with the system. System synchronization is currently extremely important for applications, because the waiting time for a transaction to be verified can cause dissatisfaction in the user experience. Several studies have revealed that privacy leakage occurs, even though the Blockchain provides a degree of security, as a result of the traditional transaction, which requires approval through an intermediate institution. For instance, a bank needs to process transactions via many constitution parties before receiving the final confirmation, which requires the user to wait for a considerable amount of time. This thesis describes the challenge of transaction synchronization between the user and smart contract, as well as the matter of a privacy strategy for the system and compliance. To approach these two challenges, the first task separates different events and evaluates the results compared to an alternative solution. This is done by testing the smart contract to find the best gas price result, which varies over time. In the Ethereum protocol, gas price is one of the best ways to decrease the transaction time to meet user expectations. The gas price is affected by the code structure and the network. In the smart contract, testing is run based on two cases, and solves platform issues such as runners and user experience and reduces costs. It has also been found that collecting the fee before participating in an auction can prevent the problem of runners. The second case aims to prove that freezing the amount of a bid is the best way to increase the user’s experience, and to achieve the better experience of an online auction. The second challenge mainly focuses on the privacy strategy and risk management for the platform, which involves identifying possible solutions for all risk situations, as well as detecting, forecasting and preventing them. Providing strategies, such as securing the smart contract structure, increasing the encryption method in the database, designing a term sheet and agreement, and authorization, help to prevent system vulnerabilities. Therefore, this research aims to improve and investigate an online auction platform by using a Blockchain smart contract to provide evocative user experiences.Idéer och tekniker för kryptografi och decentraliserad lagring har haft en enorm tillväxt i många branscher, eftersom de har antagits för att förbättra verksamheten i organisationen. Den som kallas Blockchain-tekniken ger den en effektiv transparenslösning. Generellt har Blockchain använts för digital valuta eller cryptocurrency sedan starten. Ett av de mest kända Blockchainprotokollen är Ethereum, som har uppfunnit det smarta kontraktet för att möjliggöra Blockchains förmåga att utföra ett villkor, snarare än att bara fungera som lagring. Applikationer som använder denna teknik kallas 'Dapps' eller 'decentraliserade applikationer'. Det finns emellertid pågående argument om synkronisering associerad med systemet. Systemsynkronisering är för närvarande oerhört viktigt för applikationer, eftersom väntetiden för att en transaktion ska verifieras kan orsaka missnöje i användarupplevelsen. Flera studier har visat att sekretessläckage inträffar, även om Blockchain ger en viss säkerhet, till följd av den traditionella transaktionen, som kräver godkännande genom en mellaninstitution. Till exempel måste en bank bearbeta transaktioner via många konstitutionspartier innan den får den slutliga bekräftelsen, vilket kräver att användaren väntar en betydande tid. Den här avhandlingen beskriver utmaningen med transaktionssynkronisering mellan användaren och smart kontrakt, samt frågan om en sekretessstrategi för systemet och efterlevnad. För att närma sig dessa två utmaningar separerar den första uppgiften olika händelser och utvärderar resultaten jämfört med en alternativ lösning. Detta görs genom att testa det smarta kontraktet för att hitta det bästa gasprisresultatet, som varierar över tiden. I Ethereum-protokollet är gaspriset ett av de bästa sätten att minska transaktionstiden för att möta användarens förväntningar. Gaspriset påverkas av kodstrukturen och nätverket. I det smarta kontraktet körs test baserat på två fall och löser plattformsproblem som löpare och användarupplevelse och minskar kostnaderna. Det har också visat sig att insamlingen av avgiften innan du deltar i en auktion kan förhindra löparproblemet. Det andra fallet syftar till att bevisa att frysning av budbeloppet är det bästa sättet att öka användarens upplevelse och att uppnå en bättre upplevelse av en online auktion. Den andra utmaningen fokuserar huvudsakligen på sekretessstrategin och riskhanteringen för plattformen, som innebär att identifiera möjliga lösningar för alla risksituationer, samt att upptäcka, förutse och förhindra dem. Tillhandahållande av strategier, som att säkra den smarta kontraktsstrukturen, öka krypteringsmetoden i databasen, utforma ett termblad och avtal och godkännande, hjälper till att förhindra systemets sårbarheter. Därför syftar denna forskning till att förbättra och undersöka en online-auktionsplattform genom att använda ett smart avtal med Blockchain för att ge upplevande användarupplevelser.
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Bazylev, Y. S. "Economic consequences of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technologies in the context of global financial market development." Master's thesis, Sumy State University, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/75523.
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У роботі досліджено історію створення криптовалюти та технології блокчейн, передумови виникнення та існування, як єдиної системи, так і порізно. Був проведений аналіз впливу криптовалюти і технологій блокчейн, на фінансову систему, виявлені основні індикатори, які підтверджують цей вплив. Проведений аналіз заборони цифрової валюти та законодавчу підтримку у розрізі країн світу, виявлені основні причини та наслідки. Проаналізовано блокчейн, як технологію майбутнього, для сфер, як фінансових, так і поза фінансових. Висвітлені світові тенденції, щодо впровадження блокчейну в світові організації, їх сильні та слабкі сторони, можливості та загрози. Були надані основні рекомендації, як сучасним розробникам криптовалют, так і майбутнім, за для уникнення проблем.The master’s thesis focuses on the history of digital currency and blockchain technology, the prerequisites for the emergence and existence of a system separately and as a whole. Analyzed of the impact of cryptorcurrency and blockchain technologies on the financial system was conducted, and the main indicators were found to confirm this influence. Emphasized approaches of the digital currency ban and legislative support in the context of the world identified the main causes and consequences. Blockchain is analyzed as a technology of the future, for areas both financial and non-financial. Global trends in blockchain implementation in world organizations, their strengths, and weaknesses, opportunities and threats are highlighted. Basic recommendations were given, to modern cryptocurrency developers and future ones, to further avoiding problems.
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Dixon, Joseph. "Primitive Current." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2205.
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The ocean is the common theme in my work. There is a calmness that comes over me when I sit on the beach and look off into the distance, over an infinite seascape peppered with gulls and shrimp boats. This is a safe place to be but it always leaves me wondering about what lies beneath the surface of the water, below what I can see and below what I know. Time and time again, I come back to the power and mystery of the ocean and all that it symbolizes. To explore the question what lies below?, I create surface tension in my artwork with exaggerated texture, and I juxtapose images of water with scenes from my life.
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Vallance, Phillip James. "Digital Control of Levitation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33767.
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Electromagnetic levitation has been commonly researched for the use in ground transit systems. It is ideal for high-speed applications that require low friction. The principle is simple, use electromagnetic force to balance the force imposed by gravity. However, for attractive levitation the system is unstable and nonlinear. Two dominant approaches to this problem have been to use a state feedback control system or a simple linear PID compensated control architecture. State feedback is a well-known control technique, but is complicated to implement and can rely on linearization of the system dynamics. The simple PID control structure is very easy to implement, but can have severe performance degradation in the presence of noise. This system can usually be identified by its large acoustic noise. This is primarily due to the differential term in the controller. This thesis proposes a solution that uses two concepts: Current Command Generation (CCG) and a closed velocity loop.
CCG linearizes the control structure by utilizing the known magnetic properties of the system to convert a desired force to a current for any given air gap. This removes squared command terms from the control structure. This allows for a reliable and predictable implementation of linear feedback control systems.
The PID implementation of an attractive levitation system uses two control loops. The inner loop is a current controller, which receives current commands from the outer position loop. The proposed control architecture uses three loops. The innermost loop is the current controller, which receives current commands for the CCG. The middle loop is a velocity controller, which receives commands from the position (outer most) loop and produces force command output used as inputs to the CCG. The three loops consist of two Proportional Integral (PI) controllers for the current and velocity controllers and a Proportional (P) controller. There is no derivative term, making the proposed solution's performance far less dependent on noise.
This architecture removes the necessity of nonlinear elements in the control architectures and improves noise rejection through the use of the velocity loop. The acoustic noise performance of this system is enhanced by both of these methodologies and is shown in the experimental setup.Master of Science
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Jatobá, Pedro Henrique Gomes. "Desenvolvimento de ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem e gestão colaborativa: casos de cultura solidária na economia criativa." Escola de Administração da Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2014. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/21715.
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A economia da cultura tem se tornado, nas últimas décadas, um importante vetor produtivo e de inclusão social na economia brasileira. Dentre as políticas públicas que estimulam a organização produtiva na cultura, destacam-se o Programa Cultura Viva e as ações de fomento da Secretaria de Economia Criativa, ambos ligados ao Ministério da Cultura. Mesmo beneficiados com incentivos públicos, os empreendimentos comunitários têm dificuldades em acessar o mercado cultural do seu território, formar público e dominar as tecnologias da informação necessárias a sua sustentabilidade. O desenvolvimento de ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem e gestão colaborativa, adaptado à realidade desses grupos, pode ser bem sucedido quando os futuros usuários dos empreendimentos comunitários são capacitados para utilizar a nova solução em paralelo ao seu desenvolvimento. A pesquisa participante junto a Produtora Colabor@tiva.PE na Universidade Federal de Pernambuco e a pesquisa-ação realizada Universidade LIVRE de Teatro Vila Velha na Bahia, analisam como essas produtoras culturais colaborativas conseguiram se beneficiar de novos suportes digitais em seus processos de gestão interna e formação continuada. A colaboração desses usuários na comunidade de desenvolvimento da plataforma CORAIS possibilitou aprimorar as ferramentas de groupware existentes e desenvolver novas funcionalidades como a gestão transparente de uma moeda social digital.
The culture economy has become in the last decades one of the most important productive and social inclusion vectors on Brazilian economy. Among the public finance actions made by the government the main actions that support productive organization on the cultural groups are the Points of Culture network and the creative economy secretary, both related do the Minister of Culture of Brazil. Even the institutions that received public investments are showing difficulties in access in the local market create and maintain consumers have access and learn how to use information technology that is necessary to achieve economical sustainability. The development of collaborative management and learning virtual environments customized to these realities are only possible when these groups learn how to use free software tools in their internal activities. The study of the Produtora Colabor@tiva.PE in Recife at the Federal University of Pernambuco and the Universidade LIVRE de Teatro Vila Velha in Salvador, Bahia, part of this research execute an analysis about how this collaborative cultural producers got better results by adopting virtual environments. The participation of these groups in the CORAIS platform development community made possible that the existing groupware tools and develop new solutions as the public management of a local digital currency.
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Chan, Na-Han. "Rapid current analysis for CMOS digital circuits." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26380.
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A versatile and efficient computer-aided analysis tool, CUREST, has been developed for the analysis of supply currents in CMOS digital circuits. It is based on Nabavi-Lishi's semi-analytical model for computing the current and delay in a CMOS logic gate which, when compared to HSPICE running the level-3 MOSFET model, is more than three orders of magnitude faster, and accurate to within 10%. CUREST is built on top of the timing analyser TAMIA and, in particular, uses its circuit parser and its data structure to store the circuit topology and primary input pattern.Extension tests on benchmark circuits containing up to 555 gates, which were analysed with CUREST using thousands of primary input patterns, demonstrate that the current analysis time is in the range of 1ms per gate per input pattern, using a SUN4/490 workstation with 32 Mb of main memory, running the SUN OS 4.103 operating system. The peak value of the total supply current, the current rise-time, and the time at which the peak occurs are usually computed to within 10% of HSPICE. However, appreciable errors often occur in the average current. This is because at the moment we do not have a good model for dealing with incomplete transitions associated with glitches in a CMOS gate.
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鄧國瀚 and Kwok-hon Tang. "Digital control enhancement of triac cycloconverter systems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31231354.
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Tang, Kwok-hon. "Digital control enhancement of triac cycloconverter systems /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1987. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12227808.
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Tansley, Robert, Mick Bass, David Stuve, Margret Branschofsky, Daniel Chudnov, Greg McClellan, and MacKenzie Smith. "The DSpace Institutional Digital Repository System: Current Functionality." Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/26705.
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In this paper we describe DSpaceâ¢, an open source system that acts as a repository for digital research and educational material produced by an organization or institution. DSpace was developed during two years’ collaboration between the Hewlett-Packard Company and MIT Libraries. The development team worked closely with MIT Libraries staff and early adopter faculty members to produce a âbreadth-first’ system, providing all of the basic features required by a digital repository service. As well as functioning as a live service, DSpace is intended as a base for extending repository functionality, particularly to address long-term preservation concerns. We describe the functionality of the current DSpace system, and briefly describe its technical architecture. We conclude with some remarks about the future development and operation of the DSpace system.
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Peng, Hao. "Digital current mode control of DC-DC converters." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3207767.
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Crump, Stephen John. "Design of a high performance digital current transducer." Thesis, Coventry University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360238.
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Li, Jian. "Current-Mode Control: Modeling and its Digital Application." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27019.
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Due to unique characteristics, current-mode control architectures with different implementation approaches have been widely used in power converter design to achieve current sharing, AVP control, and light-load efficiency improvement. Therefore, an accurate model for current-mode control is indispensable to system design due to the existence of subharmonic oscillations. The fundamental difference between current-mode control and voltage-mode control is the PWM modulation. The inductor current, one of state variables, is used in the modulator in current-mode control while an external ramp is used in voltage-mode control. The dynamic nonlinearity of current-mode control results in the difficulty of obtaining the small-signal model for current-mode control in the frequency domain. There has been a long history of the current-mode control modeling. Many previous attempts have been made especially for constant-frequency peak current-mode control. However, few models are available for variable-frequency constant on-time control and V2 current-mode control. Itâ s hard to directly extend the model of peak current-mode control to those controls. Furthermore, there is no simple way of modeling the effects of the capacitor ripple which may result in subharmonic oscillations in V2 current-mode control. In this dissertation, the primary objective to investigate a new and general modeling approach for current-mode control with different implementation methods.
First, the fundamental limitation of average models for current-mode control is identified. The sideband components are generated and coupled with the fundamental component through the PWM modulator in the current loop. Moreover, the switching frequency harmonics cannot be ignored in the current loop since the current ripple is used for the PWM modulation. Available average models failed to consider the sideband effects and high frequency harmonics. Due to the complexity of the current loop, it is difficult to analyze current loop in the frequency domain. A new modeling approach for current-mode control is proposed based on the time-domain analysis. The inductor, the switches and the PWM modulator are treated as a single entity to model instead of breaking them into parts to do it. Describing function method is used. Proposed approach can be applied not only to constant-frequency modulation but also to variable-frequency modulation. The fundamental difference between different current-mode controls is elaborated based on the models obtained from the new modeling approach.
Then, an equivalent circuit representation of current-mode control is presented for the sake of easy understanding. The effect of the current loop is equivalent to controlling the inductor current as a current source with certain impedance. The circuit representation provides both the simplicity of the circuit model and the accuracy of the proposed model.
Next, the new modeling approach is extended to V2 current-mode control based on similar concept. The model for V2 current-mode control can accurately predict subharmonic oscillations due to the influence of the capacitor ripple. Two solutions are discussed to solve the instability issue.
After that, a digital application of current-mode control is introduced. High-resolution digital pulse-width modulator (DPWM) is considered to be indispensable for minimizing the possibility of unpredicted limit-cycle oscillations, but results in high cost, especially in the application of voltage regulators for microprocessors. In order to solve this issue, a fully digital current-mode control architecture which can effectively limit the oscillation amplitude is presented, thereby greatly reducing the design challenge for digital controllers by eliminating the need for the high-resolution DPWM. The new modeling strategy is also used to model the proposed digital current-mode control to help system design.
As a conclusion, a new modeling approach for current-mode control is fully investigated. Describing function method is utilized as a tool in this dissertation. Proposed approach is quite general and not limit by implementation methods. All the modeling results are verified through simulation and experiments.Ph. D.
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Boboshko, Alyona, and Anastasiia Simakhova. "Current state of digitalization in Ukraine: trends and risks." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/54112.
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1. Simakhova A. Social economy and digital development. Проблеми формування
та розвитку інноваційної інфраструктури: Матеріали V Міжнар наук.-практ. конф.,
23–25 травня 2019 р. Львів: Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2019. С. 31.
2. Order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine "On approval of the Concept of
development of the digital economy and society of Ukraine for 2018-2020 and approval
of the action plan for its implementation" dated January 17, 2018 No. 67-r. URL:
https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/67-2018-r/ed20180117#n23
3. Digital Agenda of Ukraine - 2020. Conceptual principles. Priority areas,
initiatives, projects of digitalization of Ukraine until 2020. / HITECH office. December
2016. 90 p. URL: https://ucci.org.ua/uploads/files 58e78ee3c3922.pdf.
4. World Economic Forum (2019), “The Global Competitiveness Report 2019-
2020”, URL:
http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GCR20172018/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitiveness
Report2019–2020.pdf (Accessed 15 Sept 2019).
5. [Electronic resource]: https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news-ukaz-
5g/29947298.htmlThe trend of digitalization in the global dimension is obvious. This process is the basis for a new stage of ""technological"" race, which should result in geopolitical and geoeconomic leadership. At the same time, it is a chance for both developed and developing countries to improve their national socio-economic situation. Today, the main agenda for most countries in the world is digital transformation and the creation of a competitive digital economy. The article considers what place Ukraine occupies in the conditions of digitalization, what trends follow digitalization and what are the main risks and advantages of digitalization development for Ukraine.
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Rodriguez, Gutierrez Sergio. "FPGA based digital electromagnetic sensing technique for detection of pit corrosion." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/fpga-based-digital-electromagnetic-sensingtechnique-for-detection-of-pit-corrosion(7e9abd26-7658-42da-b4a3-04a1a1f302a4).html.
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This thesis describes the development of an eddy current instrument and its application in detecting early-stage pitting corrosion. Eddy current testing has previously been used in Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) applications detecting large defects, like cracks. However, the challenge of detecting corrosion pits of less than 1mm³ remains unaddressed. This research involved the design of a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based eddy current instrument, and the design and modelling of a novel differential electromagnetic sensor. The FPGA provided accurate synchronisation among the major electronic components. The firmware developed as part of this research allowed for exact interfacing to A/D and D/A converters, performed a real-time demodulation and signal generation, the instrument also supported a multi-frequency eddy current application. The firmware showed promising end-results in terms of sensitivity and stability in relation to pitting corrosion detection. In summary, this instrument offered significant improvement in sensitivity; the size of corrosion detected is improved more than 10 per cent compared to the previously reported, which enabled the detection of pits smaller than 1 mm³. For the sensor probe, a novel differential sensor was proposed to minimise the background signal for plate scanning and improve the sensitivity. The designed probe has an advantageous feature: the sensor response can be analysed using a closed form analytical solution.
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Holme, Peter R. "Digital control of high frequency PWM convertors." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1994. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7160.
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The thesis begins with a review of presently available analogue and digital control schemes for high frequency PWM converters. Advantages and disadvantages of each scheme are identified, to determine which features would be desirable in a new digital control scheme. An extensive examination of peak and average current mode control is undertaken, using state-space/sampled data modelling, to gain more detailed information on the properties of current mode control. On the basis of this information, a new digital current mode control scheme is put forward. This uses samples of the inductor current, line voltage and output voltage to implement a control strategy in software. Average inductor current is calculated each switching cycle and compared to the current program level, providing true current mode control. This has some advantages over traditional methods. Accurate inductor current tracking of the current program level is achieved and no slope compensation is required for stable operation over the full range of duty ratios. Line voltage feed-forward is possible in buck derived topologies, which provides an effective null in the audio susceptibility transfer function, independent of compensation parameters. Current loop stability is independent of line voltage or load current in the buck topology, allowing operation with optimum loop compensation under all normal operating conditions. Practical implementation of a digital current mode controlled current-fed converter is described. This includes a modular architecture for the hardware and documentation for the software. Effects of component selection on the achievable converter switching frequency and dynamic performance are discussed. A method is put forward for the direct digital measurement of loop gain and phase in digital control systems. This is used to obtain actual loop responses from a test bed digital current mode controlled current-fed converter. Line and load transient response tests are presented which demonstrate the dynamic characteristics of digital current mode control.
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Yao, Chen. "Time to Digital Converter used in ALL digital PLL." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-91170.
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This thesis proposes and demonstrates Time to Digital Converters (TDC) with high resolution realized in 65-nm digital CMOS. It is used as a phase detector in all digital PLL working with 5GHz DCO and 20MHz reference input for radio transmitters. Two kinds of high resolution TDC are designed on schematic level including Vernier TDC and parallel TDC. The Sensed Amplifier Flip Flop (SAFF) is implemented with less than 1ps sampling window to avoid metastability. The current starved delay elements are adopted in the TDC and the conversion resolution is equal to the difference of the delay time from these delay elements. Furthermore, the parallel TDC is realized on layout and finally achieves the resolution of 3ps meanwhile it consumes average power 442μW with 1.2V power supply. Measured integral nonlinearity and differential nonlinearity are 0.5LSB and 0.33LSB respectively.
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Uster, Markus. "Current-mode analog-to-digital converter for array implementation /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=15252.
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Pross, Alexander. "Design of a saturated analogue and digital current transducer." Thesis, Coventry University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247454.
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Andersson, Ola. "Modeling and Implementation of Current-Steering Digital-to-Analog Converters." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Elektroniksystem, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5062.
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Data converters, i.e., analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and digital-to-analog converters (DACs), are interface circuits between the analog and digital domains. They are used in, e.g., digital audio applications, data communication applications, and other types of applications where conversion between analog and digital signal representation is required. This work covers different aspects related to modeling, error correction, and implementation of DACs for communication applications where the requirements on the circuits in terms of speed and linearity are hard. The DAC architecture considered in this work is the current-steering DAC, which is the most commonly used architecture for high-speed applications. Transistor-level simulation of complex circuits using accurate transistor models require long simulation times. A transistor-level model of a DAC used in a system simulation is likely to be a severe bottleneck limiting the overall system simulation speed. Moreover, investigations of stochastic parameter variations require multiple simulation runs with different parameter values making transistor-level models unsuitable. Therefore, there is a need for behavioral-level models with reasonably short simulation times. Behavioral-level models can also be used to find the requirements on different building blocks on high abstraction levels, enabling the use of efficient topdown design methodologies. Models of different nonideal properties in current-steering DACs are used and developed in this work. Static errors typically dominates the low-frequency behavior of the DAC. One of the limiting factors for the static linearity of a current-steering DAC is mismatch between current sources. A well-known model of this problem is used extensively in this work for evaluation of different ideas and techniques for linearity enhancement. The highfrequency behavior of the DAC is typically dominated by dynamic errors. Models oftwo types of dynamic errors are developed in this work. These are the dynamic errors caused by parasitic capacitance in wires and transistors and glitches caused by asymmetry in the settling behavior of a current source. The encoding used for the digital control word in a current steering DAC has a large influence on the circuit performance, e.g., in terms static linearity and glitches. In this work, two DAC architectures are developed. These are denoted the decomposed and partially decomposed architectures and utilize encoding strategies aiming at a high circuit performance by avoiding unnecessary switching of current sources. The developed architectures are compared with the well-known binary-weighted and segmented architectures using behavioral-level simulations. It can be hard to meet a DAC design specification using a straightforward implementation. Techniques for compensation of errors that can be applied to improve the DAC linearity are studied. The well-known dynamic element matching (DEM) techniques are used for transforming spurious tones caused by matching errors into white or shaped noise. An overview of these techniques are given in this work and a DEM technique for the decomposed DAC architecture is developed. In DS modulation, feedback of the quantization error is utilized to spectrally shape the quantization noise to reduce its power within the signal band. A technique based on this principle is developed for spectral shaping of DAC nonlinearity errors utilizing a DAC model in a feedback loop. Two examples of utilization of the technique are given. Four different current-steering DACs implemented in CMOS technology are developed to enable comparison between behavioral-level simulations and measurements on actual implementations and to provide platforms for evaluation of different techniques for linearity improvement. For example, a 14-bit DEM DAC is implemented and measurement results are compared with simulation results. A good agreement between measured and simulated results is obtained. Moreover, a configurable 12-bit DAC capable of operating with different degrees of segmentation and decomposition is implemented to evaluate the proposed decomposed architecture. Measurement results agree with results from behavioral-level simulations and indicate that the decomposed architecture is a viable alternative to the commonly used segmented architecture.
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Andersson, K. Ola. "Modeling and implementation of current-steering digital-to-analog converters /." Linköping : Dept. of Electrical Enginering, Univ, 2005. http://www.ep.liu.se/diss/science_technology/09/44/index.html.
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Hallworth, Michael. "Digital peak current mode control of switched-mode power supplies." Thesis, University of Reading, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.602418.
Full textAbstract:
Peak current mode control is a popular method of SMPS control due the inherent cycle-by- cycle current limiting, feed-forward control and current sharing ability it provides. However, the subharmonic oscillations which plague peak current mode control must be removed using slope compensation. Until the work presented in this thesis, there have been no true digital implementations of peak current mode control due to the difficulties associated with implementing a digital form of slope compensation. This thesis introduces a complete digital peak current mode converter which uses a novel method of digital slope compensation to remove the subharmonic oscillations observed when using peak current mode control. The digital implementation of peak current mode control is applied to a Buck converter design example which directly compares the proposed digital scheme with an equivalent analog scheme. Exact analytical design equations are derived which allow a specified crossover frequency and phase margin to be achieved concurrently. The l6W Buck converter design example compares the digital peak current mode controlled converter with an analog converter designed to the same specification and tested on the same power stage PCB. The detailed steady state, transient and frequency response results from the hardware experimentations show excellent correlation with the MATLAB simulated converter and are in good agreement with the equivalent analog converter. The crossover frequency is specified as 15kHz and is measured as 14.71kHz on the proposed digital converter with a measured phase margin only 5' less than the specification. The results confirm that the operation of the proposed digital peak current mode control scheme is functionally similar to analog peak current mode control.