Journal articles: 'Digital devices'

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KAERIYAMA, Toshiyuki. "Micromechanical Devices. Digital Micromirror Device." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 65, no. 5 (1999): 669–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.65.669.

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Kpieleh, Ferdinand. "A Review of Ddos Attack Detection in Iot Networks." Advances in Multidisciplinary and scientific Research Journal Publication 10, no. 4 (November 30, 2022): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/digital/v10n4p6.

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The security risks and vulnerabilities associated with these resource-constrained Internet of Things (IoT) devices grow as their usability rises. Distributed Denial of Service is one of the main dangers to Internet of Things devices (DDoS). Continuous monitoring, early detection, and adaptive decision-making are necessary for IoT device security to be robust and effective. With software-defined networking (SDN), these issues can be solved, giving IoT devices the chance to manage DDoS threats in an efficient manner. This study suggests a unique SDN-based secure IoT framework that uses IP Payload Analysis and session IP counters to identify IoT device vulnerabilities and malicious traffic sent by IoT devices. The proposed methods can readily identify the DDoS attack in the SD-IoT network by analyzing several metrics, even with high traffic volumes, thanks to the DDoS attack detection module of the framework. By creating a lot of traffic from a compromised node, which is later identified and alerted, these tactics are tested on an SDN controller. The results and comparison analysis show that the suggested framework effectively and accurately detects DDoS attacks in their early stages, with a detection rate ranging from 98% to 100% and a low false-positive rate. Keywords; IoT networks, DDoS, DDoS attacks, DDoS Detection and IoT security

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Maharjan, Urusha, Sujata Rijal, Ashutosh Jnawali, Sanjeeta Sitaula, Sanjeev Bhattarai, and Gulshan Bahadur Shrestha. "Binocular vision findings in normally-sighted school aged children who used digital devices." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (April 7, 2022): e0266068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266068.

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Purpose To determine the binocular vision status in normally-sighted school aged children who used digital devices. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at B.P. Koirala Lions Center for Ophthalmic Studies, Kathmandu, Nepal for a duration of one year. One hundred and eighty school aged children (71 female and 109 male) aged 7 to 17 years were included in the study. All the children underwent detailed ophthalmic and binocular vision examinations. The duration of the use of digital devices by the children were asked to either the parents or guardians present at the time of the study. The study participants were divided into two groups: children who used digital devices for the last six months (users group) and those who hadn’t used digital devices for the last six months (non users group). The users group was again divided into two subgroups: children who used digital devices for less than 3 hours per day and a day per week (low digital device users subgroup) and children who used digital devices for more than 3 hours per day and all days in a week (high digital device users subgroup). Results Accommodative amplitudes, accommodative facility, and positive fusional vergence for both near and distance were significantly reduced in the high digital device users group than in the low digital device users subgroup (p <0.01). Stereo acuity, near point of convergence, and negative fusional vergences for both near and distance were not statistically significantly different between the two subgroups. Prevalence of accommodative and vergence anomalies (except convergence insufficiency) was more in the high digital device users subgroup than in the low digital device users subgroup (p<0.01). Conclusions Children who used digital devices for a significantly greater amount of time had significantly reduced amplitudes of accommodation, accommodative facility, and positive fusional vergence both at near and distance.

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Chowdhury, Rajarshi Roy, Azam Che Idris, and Pg Emeroylariffion Abas. "Device identification using optimized digital footprints." IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v12.i1.pp232-240.

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<span lang="EN-US">The rapidly increasing number of internet of things (IoT) and non-IoT devices has imposed new security challenges to network administrators. Accurate device identification in the increasingly complex network structures is necessary. In this paper, a device fingerprinting (DFP) method has been proposed for device identification, based on digital footprints, which devices use for communication over a network. A subset of nine features have been selected from the network and transport layers of a single transmission control protocol/internet protocol packet based on attribute evaluators in Weka, to generate device-specific signatures. The method has been evaluated on two online datasets, and an experimental dataset, using different supervised machine learning (ML) algorithms. Results have shown that the method is able to distinguish device type with up to 100% precision using the random forest (RF) classifier, and classify individual devices with up to 95.7% precision. These results demonstrate the applicability of the proposed DFP method for device identification, in order to provide a more secure and robust network.</span>

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Tiller, John. "Digital devices in psychiatry." Journal of Mobile Technology in Medicine 2, no. 1 (2013): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7309/jmtm.2.1.6.

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Keyes, Robert W. "Physics of digital devices." Reviews of Modern Physics 61, no. 2 (April 1, 1989): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.61.279.

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Baraky, Leticia, Nadia Raposo, Marcelo Barone, and Ricardo Bento. "Digital Portable Devices (MP3)." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 143, no. 2_suppl (August 2010): P229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2010.06.492.

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Cai, Jianchen, Jiaxi Jiang, Jinyun Jiang, Yin Tao, Xiang Gao, Meiya Ding, and Yiqiang Fan. "Fabrication of Transparent and Flexible Digital Microfluidics Devices." Micromachines 13, no. 4 (March 23, 2022): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13040498.

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This study proposed a fabrication method for thin, film-based, transparent, and flexible digital microfluidic devices. A series of characterizations were also conducted with the fabricated digital microfluidic devices. For the device fabrication, the electrodes were patterned by laser ablation of 220 nm-thick indium tin oxide (ITO) layer on a 175 μm-thick polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The electrodes were insulated with a layer of 12 μm-thick polyethylene (PE) film as the dielectric layer, and finally, a surface treatment was conducted on PE film in order to enhance the hydrophobicity. The whole digital microfluidic device has a total thickness of less than 200 μm and is nearly transparent in the visible range. The droplet manipulation with the proposed digital microfluidic device was also achieved. In addition, a series of characterization studies were conducted as follows: the contact angles under different driving voltages, the leakage current density across the patterned electrodes, and the minimum driving voltage with different control algorithms and droplet volume were measured and discussed. The UV–VIS spectrum of the proposed digital microfluidic devices was also provided in order to verify the transparency of the fabricated device. Compared with conventional methods for the fabrication of digital microfluidic devices, which usually have opaque metal/carbon electrodes, the proposed transparent and flexible digital microfluidics could have significant advantages for the observation of the droplets on the digital microfluidic device, especially for colorimetric analysis using the digital microfluidic approach.

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Pavlov, Pavel, Vladimir Fandeev, Valery Butakov, Dilyara Baymeeva, and Venera Safiullina. "Testing digital instruments and power systems devices." E3S Web of Conferences 216 (2020): 01063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021601063.

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Discussed here is a technique for testing digital devices based on the calculation and control of two or more characteristics of a binary electric signal at a reference point. Signals coming from a healthy and failed digital device that are indistinguishable by the value of one of the characteristics may differ in value of the other characteristic. The combination of test methods can significantly reduce the potential of not detecting the failure of digital device. The technique is aimed at increasing the information content of the healthy state monitoring results and the possibility of localizing failures in digital instruments and devices of power systems.

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Supriyono, Abdul Rohman, Bambang Sugiantoro, and Yudi Prayudi. "EKSPLORASI BUKTI DIGITAL PADA SMART ROUTER MENGGUNAKAN METODE LIVE FORENSICS." Infotekmesin 10, no. 2 (July 31, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35970/infotekmesin.v10i2.48.

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Network devices as media file sharing and can be used as file servers have begun to appear, just as smart router devices can be used as file servers by adding USB Thumb drive as storage media. With the diversity of router devices, it becomes a challenge in digital forensic science when a case occurs by utilizing a smart router device related to file-sharing services. Then it is necessary to study the right method in investigating smart router devices. This paper discusses the use of the live forensics acquisition method in investigating smart router devices, against system log files related to file-sharing activities. In identifying the process of searching, recognizing, and documenting potential things as digital evidence of processing devices and digital media storage. The acquisition process uses two methods, namely the live acquisition method on the router device and physical acquisition on the device that is used as storage media on the smart router.

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Fagbola, Funmilola Ikeolu, and Hein S. Venter. "Smart Digital Forensic Readiness Model for Shadow IoT Devices." Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (January 12, 2022): 730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12020730.

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Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects for communication and data sharing. However, these devices can become shadow IoT devices when they connect to an existing network without the knowledge of the organization’s Information Technology team. More often than not, when shadow devices connect to a network, their inherent vulnerabilities are easily exploited by an adversary and all traces are removed after the attack or criminal activity. Hence, shadow connections pose a challenge for both security and forensic investigations. In this respect, a forensic readiness model for shadow device-inclusive networks is sorely needed for the purposes of forensic evidence gathering and preparedness, should a security or privacy breach occur. However, the hidden nature of shadow IoT devices does not facilitate the effective adoption of the most conventional digital and IoT forensic methods for capturing and preserving potential forensic evidence that might emanate from shadow devices in a network. Therefore, this paper aims to develop a conceptual model for smart digital forensic readiness of organizations with shadow IoT devices. This model will serve as a prototype for IoT device identification, IoT device monitoring, as well as digital potential evidence capturing and preservation for forensic readiness.

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Sonnenschein, Susan, Michele Lee Stites, Hatice Gursoy, and Jeniffer Khorsandian. "Elementary-School Students’ Use of Digital Devices at Home to Support Learning Pre- and Post-COVID-19." Education Sciences 13, no. 2 (January 22, 2023): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci13020117.

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As access to digital devices has grown, children in the United States are increasingly making use of digital devices at home. This paper reports two studies with data from two samples, one collected in 2017 and one in 2022, documenting how families of elementary-aged children make use of digital devices at home to support their children’s learning in reading, writing, mathematics, and science. Of particular interest was whether parents have reported an increased use of digital devices since COVID-19. Data were collected both times via an online questionnaire, in which parents described their child’s access to devices, amount of use, subject-specific use, and their own confidence and beliefs about device use. Most children made use of digital devices to support learning, but the extent of use varied by subject. Children’s reported use of digital devices and parents’ confidence assisting their children’s learning with such devices reportedly increased from pre- to post-COVID. These findings can inform the efforts of researchers exploring the use of digital devices as a tool in the home learning environment and educators working with families already making use of these devices at home.

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Sharma, Komal, Dipti Bharti, Danish Bushra, Shivani Gupta, Madishetti Naveen Kumar, Ghanshyam Das, and Mohd Sadath Ali Khan. "Effect of long-term exposure of digital devices during the COVID-19 pandemic and on ocular health." Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 8, no. 3 (October 15, 2022): 388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2022.079.

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The study aims to compare the effect of long-term exposure to digital devices during covid-19 and before the lockdown. To assess the impact of the lockdown on digital device usage & consequently, the ocularsurface health implication related to digital eye strain. An open online survey was distributed to people via social media platforms (email, Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, Telegram, and so on). Females participated more than males, with 58.3%. With 30.76%, the >50 age group was found to participate, and at 13-31 years of age, participation was found to be more with 60%. Most individuals use digital devices for education with 44.2%. Before the lockdown, the duration of digital device usage is not there between 4 to 6 hours, but during the lockdown, it has been increased by 35% due to working from home. 76.3% of participants feel restless due to prolonged use of digital devices. It was discovered that before the lockdown the duration of digital device usage is not there between 4 to 6 hrs but during the lockdown, due to working from home it has increased and headache as an asymptomatic symptom is noticed more during prolonged use of digital devices in lockdown.

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MURAKAMI, Osamu. "Special issue : Digital photogrammetry.Input devices in digital photogrammetry.Main input devices.3-line scanner." Journal of the Japan society of photogrammetry and remote sensing 32, no. 6 (1993): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4287/jsprs.32.6_8.

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Wehmöller, Michael, Michael Utz, and Valentine Gesche. "Digital process chains for patient specific medical devices." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 357–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2020-3092.

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AbstractThe Medical Technology Advisory Committee of the VDI Society develops a guideline for the implementation of digital process chains for patient-specific medical devices. The underlying medical device constitutes the basis for each individualized medical device. It serves as the development framework for manufacturing.

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Keim, Yansi, Yung Han Yoon, and Umit Karabiyik. "Digital Forensics Analysis of Ubuntu Touch on PinePhone." Electronics 10, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10030343.

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New smartphones made by small companies enter the technology market everyday. These new devices introduce new challenges for mobile forensic investigators as these devices end up becoming pertinent evidence during an investigation. One such device is the PinePhone from Pine Microsystems (Pine64). These new devices are sometimes also shipped with OSes that are developed by open source communities and are otherwise never seen by investigators. Ubuntu Touch is one of these OSes and is currently being developed for deployment on the PinePhone. There is little research behind both the device and OS on what methodology an investigator should follow to reliably and accurately extract data. This results in potentially flawed methodologies being used before any testing can occur and contributes to the backlog of devices that need to be processed. Therefore, in this paper, the first forensic analysis of the PinePhone device with Ubuntu Touch OS is performed using Autopsy, an open source tool, to establish a framework that can be used to examine and analyze devices running the Ubuntu Touch OS. The findings include analysis of artifacts that could impact user privacy and data security, organization structure of file storage, app storage, OS, etc. Moreover, locations within the device that stores call logs, SMS messages, images, and videos are reported. Interesting findings include forensic artifacts, which could be useful to investigators in understanding user activity and attribution. This research will provide a roadmap to the digital forensic investigators to efficiently and effectively conduct their investigations where they have Ubuntu Touch OS and/or PinePhone as the evidence source.

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Zolotorevich, Ludmila A. "Hardware protection of digital devices." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Upravlenie, vychislitel'naya tekhnika i informatika, no. 50 (February 1, 2020): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988605/50/9.

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Koshelets, V. P. "Single flux quantum digital devices." Superconductor Science and Technology 4, no. 11 (November 1, 1991): 555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/4/11/001.

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Zhou, Jiehan, Zhonghong Ou, Mika Rautiainen, Timo Koskela, and Mika Ylianttila. "Digital Television for Mobile Devices." IEEE Multimedia 16, no. 1 (January 2009): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmul.2009.7.

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Preston, Daniel J., Philipp Rothemund, Haihui Joy Jiang, Markus P. Nemitz, Jeff Rawson, Zhigang Suo, and George M. Whitesides. "Digital logic for soft devices." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 16 (March 28, 2019): 7750–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1820672116.

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Although soft devices (grippers, actuators, and elementary robots) are rapidly becoming an integral part of the broad field of robotics, autonomy for completely soft devices has only begun to be developed. Adaptation of conventional systems of control to soft devices requires hard valves and electronic controls. This paper describes completely soft pneumatic digital logic gates having a physical scale appropriate for use with current (macroscopic) soft actuators. Each digital logic gate utilizes a single bistable valve—the pneumatic equivalent of a Schmitt trigger—which relies on the snap-through instability of a hemispherical membrane to kink internal tubes and operates with binary high/low input and output pressures. Soft, pneumatic NOT, AND, and OR digital logic gates—which generate known pneumatic outputs as a function of one, or multiple, pneumatic inputs—allow fabrication of digital logic circuits for a set–reset latch, two-bit shift register, leading-edge detector, digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and toggle switch. The DAC and toggle switch, in turn, can control and power a soft actuator (demonstrated using a pneu-net gripper). These macroscale soft digital logic gates are scalable to high volumes of airflow, do not consume power at steady state, and can be reconfigured to achieve multiple functionalities from a single design (including configurations that receive inputs from the environment and from human users). This work represents a step toward a strategy to develop autonomous control—one not involving an electronic interface or hard components—for soft devices.

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Reichenbach, Stephen E. "Characterizing digital image acquisition devices." Optical Engineering 30, no. 2 (1991): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.55783.

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Chen, Yu Liang, Yong You Du, Zhao Huan Jia, and Wei Zhao. "Design for Digital Display Device and the Function of Control of Concrete Truck-Mixer Drum." Applied Mechanics and Materials 55-57 (May 2011): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.55-57.68.

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The paper discusses the principles and shortcomings of the concrete mixer truck’s hydraulic control mechanism. The stepper motor technology controlled by the electrical impulses is used to develop a new digital display control device, and determine design principle and implementation process of the electronic control part. At the same time, it develops control device’s digital display mechanism and wireless remote control devices. At last, it compares the performance advantages and disadvantages between the traditional mechanical control handler and the digital display remote controller according to the engineering practice.

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Chen, An. "(Invited, Digital Presentation) Emerging Materials and Devices for Energy-Efficient Computing." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 19 (July 7, 2022): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01191073mtgabs.

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As the CMOS scaling driven by the Moore’s Law approaching the fundamental limits, high energy consumption and heat dissipation have been recognized as the most critical device challenges. Novel switching devices with significantly lower power based on unconventional mechanisms have been explored to replace CMOS in various research programs, e.g., Nanoelectronics Research Initiative (NRI). The major categories of these devices include steep-slope transistors, spintronic devices, ferroelectric devices, and van der Waals devices [1]. These devices are often implemented on emerging materials with unique properties. As the foundation of nanoelectronic devices and systems, novel materials (including dielectrics) present both great challenges and promising opportunities. For example, dielectric layers for gating and electrical insulation are critical for low-dimension devices; magnetic insulators are promising for low-power high-efficiency spintronic devices; ferroelectric materials have been utilized to realize “negative-capacitance” transistors with steep subthreshold slope. Despite abundant scientific breakthroughs achieved on these emerging devices, comprehensive benchmarking has revealed that most of them do not outperform CMOS for Boolean logic and von Neumann architectures [2]. Therefore, the focus of emerging materials and devices has increasingly shifted toward novel computing paradigms. Novel computing paradigms beyond Boolean logic and von Neumann architectures may provide solutions for energy-efficient computing. For example, in-memory computing reduces data movement between computing and memory units, and exploits the intrinsic parallelism in memory arrays. Neural-inspired computing implements cognitive and intelligent functions through a wide range of approaches, e.g., deep neural network, spiking neural network, hyperdimensional computing, probabilistic network, dynamic systems, etc. Although many of these approaches can be implemented in CMOS technologies, more efficient solutions may originate from the engineering and optimization of materials and devices that could enable native implementations of novel computing paradigms. For example, ferroelectric materials, binary and complex oxides, and chalcogenides have been utilized in a wide range of nonvolatile memories and analog devices, which may enable highly efficient in-memory computing and analog computing solutions. At the same time, stringent requirements exist for emerging devices to significantly outperform CMOS in novel computing paradigms, e.g., high density, fast speed, low power, high endurance, long retention, wide analog tunability, asymmetry, etc. [3] Specific requirements vary from application to application. Therefore, device-architecture co-design and co-optimization are important to address these requirements. A holistic approach from basic material exploration to device engineering and further up to architecture co-design has been adopted in more recent research programs, e.g., Energy-Efficient Computing from Devices to Architectures (E2CDA) [4]. This presentation will review the opportunities and challenges of emerging materials and devices for energy-efficient nanoelectronics, and highlight the approaches and perspectives of the E2CDA program. References: K. Bernstein, R.K. Cavin, W. Porod, A. Seabaugh, and J. Welser, “Device and architecture outlook for beyond CMOS switches,” IEEE Proc. 98(12), 2169-2184 (2010). C. Pan and A. Naeemi, “Non-Boolean computing benchmarking for beyond-CMOS devices based on cellular neural network,” IEEE J. Explor. Solid-State Comp. Dev. & Circ 2, 36-43 (2016). G.W. Burr, et al, “Neuromorphic computing using non-volatile memory,” Advances in Physics: X, 2(1), 89-124 (2017). A. Chen, “New directions of nanoelectronics research for computing,” 14th IEEE ICSICT (2018).

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Mena, Manel, Javier Criado, Luis Iribarne, and Antonio Corral. "Assembling the Web of Things and Microservices for the Management of Cyber-Physical Systems." JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science 27, no. 7 (July 28, 2021): 734–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jucs.70325.

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Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and Internet of Things (IoT) devices are handled by numerous different protocols. The management and connection to those devices tend to create usability and integrability issues. This brings about the need for a solution capable of facilitating the communication between different platforms and devices. The Web of Things (WoT) describes interfaces and interaction patterns among things, thereby abstracting itself from the underlying protocols used to manage those things and their implementation strategies. This paper describes the concept of Digital Dice, an abstraction of IoT devices and CPS capable of leveraging the advantages of microservices architectures and inspired by the concept of Digital Twins. A Digital Dice is a servient system of the WoT domain that represents a device by the features of the device, hence different WoT description models result in different microservices related to the particular thing. The paper explores the definition of Digital Dices and the conversion between WoT Thing Description Models and Digital Dices and the architecture that sustains the system.

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Liang, Shaobo, and Dan Wu. "Predicting Academic Digital Library OPAC Users’ Cross-device Transitions." Data and Information Management 3, no. 1 (March 19, 2019): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/dim-2019-0001.

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Abstract With more and more users using different devices, such as personal computers, iPads, and smartphones, they can access OPAC (online public access catalog) services and other digital library services in different contexts. This leads to the phenomenon that user’s behavior can be transferred to different devices, which leads to the richness and diversity of user’s behavior data in digital libraries. A large number of user data challenge digital libraries to analyze user’s behavior, such as search preferences and borrowing habits. In this study, we study the user’s cross-device transition behavior when using OPAC. Based on the large-scale OPAC transaction log, the online activities between device transitions in the process of using OPAC are studied. In order to predict the follow-up activities that users may take, and the next device that users may use, we detect features from several perspectives and analyze the feature importance. We find that the activity and time interval on the first device are more important for predicting the user’s next activity and the next device. In addition, features of operating system help to better predict the next device. The next device used is more likely to predict the next activity after the device transition. This study examines the cross-device transition prediction in library OPAC, which can help libraries provide smart services for users when accessing OPAC on different devices.

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Pattermann, Juliana, Maria Pammer, Stephan Schlögl, and Laura Gstrein. "Perceptions of Digital Device Use and Accompanying Digital Interruptions in Blended Learning." Education Sciences 12, no. 3 (March 17, 2022): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci12030215.

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Using various digital devices, and being faced with digital interruptions is a given for students not only in traditional university classes but also in blended learning courses. Hence, this study (N = 201) at an Austrian university of applied sciences investigated students’ perceptions of digital device use and the digital interruptions that they face during webinars and on-campus sessions. Results show that students primarily use the same types of digital devices during webinars and on-campus sessions, i.e., computers for course-related (CR) activities, and smartphones for non-course-related (NCR) activities. Results further indicate that while the majority of students are aware of the interruptive impact that NCR activities have on their learning, the effect on others seems to be a blind spot. The reasons for NCR activities are manifold. Moreover, results suggest that students have difficulties in assessing the actual time spent on NCR activities during webinars.

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Moore, Daniel. "You Gotta Fight For Your Right To Repair." Texas A&M Law Review 6, no. 2 (January 2019): 509–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v6.i2.6.

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Consumers are keeping their electronic devices longer today than in the past because the prices of the devices have increased. Increased prices have culminated in more consumers needing their devices repaired. In turn, manufacturers use the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, a federal law, and digital rights management to force consumers to get their devices repaired by either the device manufacturer or one of its authorized repairers. In response, states have considered right-to-repair laws which require manufacturers to make repair tools, equipment, and software available to device owners and independent repair shops. While almost half of the country’s state legislatures have considered these bills, no state has enacted one fearing that the Digital Millennium Copyright Act will preempt any state’s action on the issue. Critics of these bills argue that the bills conflict with federal law, and therefore, federal law preempts right-to-repair laws. However, this Article argues that the Digital Millennium Copyright Act would not preempt a state’s right-to-repair law.

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Seifi, Ali, Michelle Rodriguez, and Seyedmohammad Jafari. "Physicians-in-Training: From Digital Devices to Digital Amnesia." Southern Medical Journal 114, no. 9 (September 2021): 577–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14423/smj.0000000000001296.

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Koh, Eunhee. "A Study of User Experience on Digital Healthcare Wearable Device." Korea Institute of Design Research Society 7, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.46248/kidrs.2022.4.161.

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The digital healthcare wearable market is rapidly developing in the face of the COVID-19 era as an alternative to the face-to-face medical system. The case of healthcare wearable smart ring is analyzed using the digital customer experience evaluation factor regarding the analysis factor of digital user experience. The analysis target is a total of 5 devices currently released.This study first specified digital user experience components to analyze the user experience of digital healthcare devices and presented them as 10 detailed evaluation factors of the existing digital user experience. Second, by examining the theory of the overall digital healthcare device, the characteristics of the overall digital healthcare device including the digital healthcare wearable device were examined. Third, by using the derived digital healthcare evaluation factors, the currently released digital healthcare wearable smart ring was analyzed in terms of digital user experience. As a conclusion, the direction of the functions required based on the user experience of the digital healthcare wearable smart ring in terms of functionalization, personalization, and relationship, which are user experience evaluation factors, was presented.

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Naderi, Arman, Nirveek Bhattacharjee, and Albert Folch. "Digital Manufacturing for Microfluidics." Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 21, no. 1 (June 4, 2019): 325–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-092618-020341.

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The microfluidics field is at a critical crossroads. The vast majority of microfluidic devices are presently manufactured using micromolding processes that work very well for a reduced set of biocompatible materials, but the time, cost, and design constraints of micromolding hinder the commercialization of many devices. As a result, the dissemination of microfluidic technology—and its impact on society—is in jeopardy. Digital manufacturing (DM) refers to a family of computer-centered processes that integrate digital three-dimensional (3D) designs, automated (additive or subtractive) fabrication, and device testing in order to increase fabrication efficiency. Importantly, DM enables the inexpensive realization of 3D designs that are impossible or very difficult to mold. The adoption of DM by microfluidic engineers has been slow, likely due to concerns over the resolution of the printers and the biocompatibility of the resins. In this article, we review and discuss the various printer types, resolution, biocompatibility issues, DM microfluidic designs, and the bright future ahead for this promising, fertile field.

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Zadereyko, Оlexander, Olena Trofymenko, Yuliia Prokop, Nataliia Loginova, Anastasiia Dyka, and Serhii Kukharenko. "Research of potential data leaks in information and communication systems." Radioelectronic and Computer Systems, no. 4 (November 29, 2022): 64–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/reks.2022.4.05.

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This article discusses the problem of ensuring the protection of user data in information systems. It is shown that classic information systems are represented by stationary and mobile communication devices focused on data exchange with digital space. The fundamental principles of user data exchange in the digital space are considered. It has been established that leading technology IT corporations collect data from user communication devices. It is shown that the organization of data collection is carried out by redirecting the DNS traffic of the communication device to the DNS servers of IT corporations, followed by its encryption using the DoH protocol. This makes it impossible for authorized services and departments of national states to control the users’ DNS traffic and ensures the monopoly position of IT corporations in the global digital market for collecting and analyzing user data. It is shown that the collection of user data is carried out with the aim of further monetization and influencing decisions made by users. DNS traffic of devices for communication with the digital space of the Internet is fixed. An audit of the recorded DNS traffic was performed, and as a result, specialized Internet resources were identified to be responsible for collecting and processing user data. It has been proved that the identified specialized Internet resources belong to IT corporations. Methods of identification of communication devices in digital space were considered. It is shown that the identification of communication devices is based on the collection of a unique set of data from each communication device. Based on each unique data set, a digital fingerprint of the communication device is formed, which is used for its further identification in the digital space. These approaches allow organizing protection against user data collection in information systems. Software and hardware implementations for protection against data collection from communication devices are proposed. It has been experimentally established that the combined use of the proposed software and hardware models provides the most effective protection against data collection from communication devices and does not affect the functionality of information systems.

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Wu, Ya-Huei, Manon Lewis, and Anne-Sophie Rigaud. "Cognitive Function and Digital Device Use in Older Adults Attending a Memory Clinic." Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine 5 (January 2019): 233372141984488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333721419844886.

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This study investigated cognitive function in relation to the use of a computer and a touchscreen device among older adults attending a memory clinic. The entire sample ( n = 323) was categorized into four profiles, according to the frequency of digital device use (either daily or non-daily usage). Results showed that on a daily basis, 26% of the sample used both a computer and a touchscreen device, 26.9% used only a computer, 7.1% used only a touchscreen device, and 39.9% used neither type of digital device. There were significant group differences on age, education, and clinical diagnosis ( p < .001). Non-daily users of digital devices had significantly lower performance, compared with daily users of both types of digital device, on measures of global cognitive function, processing speed, short-term memory, and several components of executive function ( p < .001). Falling behind with regard to the use of digital devices might reflect underlying poor cognitive capacities.

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Kulkarni, Manjiri, and Dr S. P. Meharunnisa. "Study of Temperature Sensor (TMP139) based on I3C Interface." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 540–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46660.

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Abstract: In the current digital world with all smart and compact devices, the monitoring and controlling aspects of device parameters is a crucial role. One such crucial parameter for a digital device is the heating of the device and its maintenance. Temperature sensors come into the picture for such controlling and monitoring applications, for example, in devices like laptops, handheld phones, SSD, and many other industrial devices. A temperature sensor with a high accuracy rate is introduced by Texas Instruments called TMP139, which uses the latest I3C protocol for its function. This paper relates to a study of this sensor that is compatible with the I3C protocol

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Volchegorskaya, Evgenia Yu, Marina V. Zhukova, Ksenia I. Shishkina, and Elena V. Frolova. "Risks of digital addiction in primary school children." Perspectives of Science and Education 58, no. 4 (September 1, 2022): 355–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32744/pse.2022.4.21.

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Introduction. The noticeable growth of e-learning, the widespread penetration of various digital devices into the daily lives of children in some cases can provoke the formation of dependent behavior, which necessitates research aimed at early identification of risk factors for digital addiction in younger schoolchildren. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the use of digital devices by children of primary school age. Methodology. 103 4th grade students took part in the study. To identify the structure of digital addiction of younger schoolchildren, the "Digital Addiction Scale" was used by N.S. Hawi et al., which allows children to identify the degree of addiction according to 9 criteria, such as fascination with a digital device; the amount of "screen" time; frustration when unable to use a smartphone; problems arising from digital addiction; conflicts with parents and their deception; isolation from family, hobbies, studies; the desire to constantly return to the smartphone; improved mood when using it. The results of the study. The results show that 11.7% of primary school students can be classified as dependent on digital devices. The most pronounced indicators in children are those associated with mood changes due to the inability to use a digital device (average score 8.1); isolation from family, narrowing of the circle of interests (average score 7.0). At the same time, younger schoolchildren rarely come into open conflict with their parents (an average score of 3.5) and resort to deceiving adults about the amount of time and what they do on their digital devices (an average score of 3.0). A weak difference in digital dependence between boys and girls was revealed. The relationship between the degree of digital dependence and individual parameters of divergent thinking of the child is also shown (rs = - 0.45; p <0.01). Conclusion. The results of the study show that already at primary school age, the risk of digital addiction is quite high. The results show that the problematic behavior of children in relation to digital devices indicates a significant role in reducing some parameters of divergent thinking.

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Bhattacharjee, Tanushree, Majid Jamil, Majed A. Alotaibi, Hasmat Malik, and Mohammed E. Nassar. "Hardware Development and Interoperability Testing of a Multivendor-IEC-61850-Based Digital Substation." Energies 15, no. 5 (February 28, 2022): 1785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051785.

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Substations are becoming increasingly reliant on international electrotechnical commission (IEC)-61850-enabled devices. However, device compatibility with these standards does not guarantee interoperability when devices are taken from different manufacturers. If interoperability of multivendor devices can be achieved, then power utilities will be in a position to implement multivendor devices in substations. The study here presents the development and testing of a digital substation test platform that incorporates devices from different manufacturers. The process bus communication and protection operation of the intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) were tested to validate device interoperability. The testbed was tested for two IED process bus communications, generic object-oriented substation event (GOOSE) and sampled measured value (SMV). The GOOSE is travelling between IED to IED with an end-to-end (ETE) delay of 2 ms and the SMV read by the IEDs are the same as the injected real-time substation inputs 220 kV and 1 kA. Three IED protection studies (overcurrent, earth fault, and overvoltage) were performed, and IED response curves were obtained. In addition, data monitoring and client–server communications were studied using installed software tools. The testbed configuration in this study has faced some real-time challenges regarding differences in device edition, device firmware, and ethernet switch due to its multivendor approach. All the mentioned configuration issues were resolved in this study with successful testing and validation of the testbed. The study of this testbed will provide solutions to the problems associated with a multivendor system faced by substation engineers and will help them in opting for multivendor installations. This system can be extended in the future by installing more multivendor devices with complex network topology and a SCADA system.

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Yoo, Jaeeon, Junga Oh, Sang-Youn Kim, Jungmin Shin, Siekyeong Kim, and Changhyun Roh. "Impact of Digital Device, Exercise, and Music Intervention Programs on the Cognition and Depression of the Elderly in South Korea: A Meta-Regression Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7 (March 29, 2022): 4036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074036.

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Background: This study examined the effect of digital devices, exercise, and music intervention programs for the elderly in Korea on their cognition and depression. Methods: This study selected 70 cognition programs and 46 depression programs for the elderly in Korea. This study controlled the characteristics of the programs and participants, and conducted a meta-regression analysis to estimate the intervention effect size of digital devices, exercise, and music on cognition and depression. Results: The meta-regression analysis revealed that digital device programs had a smaller effect size with respect to the improvement of cognitive functions than programs that did not use digital devices. The exercise programs had a small effect size on depression, but their effect size on cognition was not significantly different. Discussion: These findings provide implications for developing a program that combines music therapy with digital devices and exercise interventions, which can be effective in addressing both cognition and depression.

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Kulminskiy, Danil D., Aleksandr V. Kurbako, Viktoriia V. Skazkina, Mikhail D. Prokhorov, Vladimir I. Ponomarenko, Anton R. Kiselev, Boris P. Bezruchko, and Anatoly S. Karavaev. "Development of a digital finger photoplethysmogram sensor." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New series. Series: Physics 21, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1817-3020-2021-21-1-58-68.

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Background and Objectives: Due to the development of methods for analyzing signals of autonomous blood circulation control, cardiovascular system disorders can be diagnosed today in the early stages. It is promising to use specialized devices for personalized diagnosis of the cardiovascular system and monitoring its state. Research on autonomous blood circulation control systems is a complex problem both from the point of view of physiology and radiophysics. Its solution requires the development of methods and specialized devices for the analysis and registration of signals from the cardiovascular system. Therefore the object of research is the development of a photoplethysmogram sensor with a digital communication channel with a band of 0.05-30 Hz, recording the signals from the autonomous blood circulation monitoring system. Materials and Methods: To compare the level of noise and nonlinear distortions in the center of the frequency range of interest to us (at a frequency of 0.1 Hz), the power spectra of the signals were analyzed, and the coherence function was also calculated. Results: a prototype of a device for recording and analyzing a photoplethysmogram signal was developed and implemented, which makes it possible to register the signals from the circuits of autonomous blood circulation regulation. A comparative analysis of the developed device with a serial analog sensor was carried out, which demonstrated the advantages of the developed device. Conclusion: The developed broadband digital sensor can be used in wearable devices to diagnose the functional state of the cardiovascular system based on the analysis of synchronization between the circuits of autonomous regulation of blood circulation.

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Efanov, D. V. "Transitions weight-based sum code for the digital computing devices synthesis." Èlektronnoe modelirovanie 43, no. 6 (December 6, 2021): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/emodel.43.06.061.

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A method for constructing a family of sum codes is described based on weighting the transitions between groups of bits in the data vector. In this case, weights are used that are powers of the number 2. This makes it possible to obtain a code with check bits described by linear functions. The proposed weight-based sum code makes it possible to synthesize self-checking devices based on the standard elements and optimization methods of the logical device’s structures. A standard structure of a device with a concurrent error-detection (CED) circuit based on transitions weight-based sum codes between bits groups in the data vector is presented. The standard structure advantage lies in the possibility of synthesizing CED circuits with technical implementation reduced complexity by using codes with check bits numbers that are much smaller than the data bits numbers. Self-checking devices synthesized using the described codes in some cases may turn out to be less redundant than when using the standard duplication structure. The structure disadvantage is the need to consider the restrictions on the multiplicity of errors arising at the outputs of the diagnostic objects. This limitation increases with a decrease in the number of check bits. Despite this, in many cases, the use of a standard structure based on transitions weight-based sum code between groups of digits in the data vector makes it possible to synthesize self-checking digital devices. Using a standard structure for organizing a CED circuit allows going to implement of fault-tolerant digital devices according to standard structures, one of which is given in this article.

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Sakas, Damianos P., and Nikolaos Th Giannakopoulos. "Big Data Contribution in Desktop and Mobile Devices Comparison, Regarding Airlines’ Digital Brand Name Effect." Big Data and Cognitive Computing 5, no. 4 (September 26, 2021): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdcc5040048.

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Rising demand for optimized digital marketing strategies has led firms in a hunt to harvest every possible aspect indicating users’ experience and preference. People visit, regularly through the day, numerous websites using both desktop and mobile devices. For businesses to acknowledge device’s usage rates is extremely important. Thus, this research is focused on analyzing each device’s usage and their effect on airline firms’ digital brand name. In the first phase of the research, we gathered web data from 10 airline firms during an observation period of 180 days. We then proceeded in developing an exploratory model using Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping, as well as a predictive and simulation model using Agent-Based Modeling. We inferred that various factors of airlines’ digital brand name are affected by both desktop and mobile usage, with mobile usage having a slightly bigger impact on most of them, with gradually rising values. Desktop device usage also appeared to be quite significant, especially in traffic coming from referral sources. The paper’s contribution has been to provide a handful of time-accurate insights for marketeers, regarding airlines’ digital marketing strategies.

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Cheung, Amy, Anton Janssen, Oliver Amft, Emiel F. M. Wouters, and Martijn A. Spruit. "USABILITY OF DIGITAL MEDIA IN PATIENTS WITH COPD: A PILOT STUDY." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 29, no. 2 (April 2013): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462313000135.

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Background: Digital media can be integrated in tele-monitoring solutions, serving as the main interface between the patient and the caregiver. Consequently, the selection of the most appropriate digital medium for the specified target group is critical to ensure compliance with the tele-monitoring system.Objectives: This pilot study aims to gather insights from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on the ease-of-use, efficacy, effectiveness, and satisfaction of different types of digital media.Methods: Five off-the-shelf digital media devices were tested on nine patients at CIRO+ in Horn, The Netherlands. Usability was evaluated by asking patients to use each device to answer questions related to their symptoms and health status. Subsequently, patients completed a paper-based device usability questionnaire, which assessed prior experience with digital media, device dimensions, device controllability, response speed, screen readability, ease-of-use, and overall satisfaction. After testing all the devices, patients ranked the devices according to their preference.Results: We identified the netbook as the preferred type of device due to its good controllability, fast response time, and large screen size. The smartphone was the least favorite device as patients found the size of the screen to be too small, which made it difficult to interact with.Conclusion: The pilot study has provided important insights to guide the selection of the most appropriate type of digital medium for implementation in tele-monitoring solutions for patients with COPD. As the digital medium is an important interface to the patient in tele-monitoring solutions, it is essential that patients feel motivated to interact with the digital medium on a regular basis.

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Pavel, Irina Andreea, Camelia Margareta Bogdanici, Vlad Constantin Donica, Nicoleta Anton, Bogdan Savu, Cristina Petronela Chiriac, Cristian Dan Pavel, and Silvia Cristina Salavastru. "Computer Vision Syndrome: An Ophthalmic Pathology of the Modern Era." Medicina 59, no. 2 (February 20, 2023): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59020412.

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Digital device usage has increased significantly in last decade among all age groups, both for educational and recreational purposes. Computer vision syndrome (CVS), also known as digital eye strain (DES), represents a range of ocular, musculoskeletal, and behavioral conditions caused by prolonged use of devices with digital screens. This paper reviews the principal environmental, ocular, and musculoskeletal causes for this condition. Due to the high prevalence of DES and frequent usage of digital devices, it is important that eye care practitioners be able to provide advice and management options based on quality research evidence.

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Simakov, A. V., V. V. Kharlamov, and V. I. Skorokhodov. "The overcurrent protection characteristics testing digital substation intelligent electric devices." Omsk Scientific Bulletin, no. 176 (2021): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/1813-8225-2021-176-46-51.

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The electric power industry digital transformation features and the intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) introduction in the low-voltage circuits of power stations and substations are considered. The analysis of normative documents and standards is carried out. The features of scheduled maintenance of relay protection and automation devices are determined, the possibilities and prospects of organizing condition-based maintenance are considered. The mandatory steps required for any type of maintenance are defined. A method for checking the electrical and time characteristics of the overcurrent protection of an intelligent electronic device is proposed. The device is designed in accordance with the IEC-61850 standard and operates in the local area network of a digital substation of architecture III

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Lawal-Adebowale, Okanlade Adesokan. "Essentialities of Digital Technology Incorporation in Research Tasks by Agro-Researchers in the Southwest Nigerian Farming Zone." International Journal of ICT Research in Africa and the Middle East 6, no. 2 (July 2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijictrame.2017070101.

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The study examined the incorporation of digital technologies in the Nigerian agricultural research system and showed that digital technologies such as digital balance, digital pH meter, phone sensors, and the Global Positioning System (GPS) and the Geographic Information System (GIS), among others, had a high rate of incorporation in agro-research activities in the southwest farming zone of Nigeria. Determinants of such incorporation in agro-research activities were accuracy of data collection, enhancement of research task execution, improvement of research quality, usage convenience and portability of the devices, convenience of usage for data storage, and ease of data retrieval. The Spearman rho correlation test showed a significant correlation between the use of digital oven and its ready availability/accessibility (r = 0.168); digital pH meter and convenient of data storage on the device (r = 0.157); Spectrophotometer and convenient of data storage (r = -0.161); phone sensors and ready availability/accessibility of the device (r = 0.156); use of GPS/GIS and convenience of usage of the devices (r = -0.173) at p<0.05 level. It concluded that only a few of the digital technologies were readily incorporated in research activities by the Nigerian agro-researchers. It was also recommended that application of digital devices in agro-research activities should be intensified for agro-research development in the country.

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Joseph, Jyothy, and Nirmala K. "Digital Authentication Methodologies for Mobile Devices." International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 69, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijett-v69i1p211.

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김상욱. "Digital Content Communication using Smart Devices." Journal of Korea Design Forum ll, no. 33 (November 2011): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21326/ksdt.2011..33.016.

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Montoya, Jorge William. "From Analog Objects to Digital Devices." Philosophy Today 63, no. 3 (2019): 717–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philtoday2019115291.

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This article intends to establish a comparison between technical analog objects—which were the objects of the epoch when the French philosopher Gilbert Simondon elaborated his philosophical reflection—and digital devices that emerged in the last few decades of the 1900s. First, I define the main features of Simondon’s technical objects in order to understand what the necessary conditions are for there to be technical progress, which is based on what he called the process of concretization. Then, I analyze the relationship between digital objects—as understood by Yuk Hui—and digital devices that take over from analog objects, without necessarily presenting continuity in an evolutionary process. Finally, I intend to expose the role that both analog objects and digital devices play as mediators with the world in a digital era, and to address the question of technical culture nowadays.

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Liang, Paul, Hua Wang, C. H. Peng, Albert Peng, H. C. Hwang, George Chien, C. L. Tsai, and Mediatek Ali Niknejad. "Digital transmitter design for mobile devices." IEEE Communications Magazine 51, no. 10 (October 2013): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2013.6619574.

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Huang, A. "Optical digital computers-devices and architecture." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 35, no. 12 (1988): 2428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/16.8830.

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Kedzierski, J., S. Berry, and B. Abedian. "New Generation of Digital Microfluidic Devices." Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems 18, no. 4 (August 2009): 845–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jmems.2009.2023845.

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Gong, Cuiling, and David Mehrl. "Characterization of the Digital Micromirror Devices." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 61, no. 12 (December 2014): 4210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ted.2014.2361855.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Digital devices'

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