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Journal articles on the topic 'Digital Drug Traceability'
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1
Kumar, Madalsa. "Emerging Digital Technologies for Pharmaceutical Drug Traceability." Universal Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2, no. 1 (2023): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31586/ujpp.2023.794.
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Sarkar, Shambhu. "Challenges for Implementing Pharmaceuticals Drugs Traceability in Developing Countries." International Journal of Research Publications 103, no. 1 (2022): 760–66. https://doi.org/10.47119/IJRP1001031620223477.
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The purpose of this paper is to focus on the challenges for the implementing digital traceability of pharmaceuticals drugs in developing countries. The digital traceability of pharmaceutical drugs has been proving a very impactful process to minimize the risk of counterfeit and illicit drugs in the market. Developed countries like Unites States of America in 2018, and Europe in 2019, made unique identifier with 2D barcode mandatory in each drugs packet. Unique identifier on each packets provide provision of digital traceability since drug manufacturers encode them and keep the data in their repository Any stakeholders in supply chain can easily verify the authenticity of product by asking manufacturer to compare product values with their database. Implementing digital traceability of pharmaceutical drugs in developing countries will be challenging due lack of technical infrastructure, weak regulations, geopolitical instability, poverty, low literacy, and government willingness. Developing countries are facing economic depression and unable to allocate funds on research and development which can improve overall healthcare system. Recently COVID- 19 also played a major role for collapsing their entire healthcare infrastructure. Developing countries impacted by global supply chain restrictions and unavailability of resources which created inflation and unemployment.
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Sarkar, Shambhu. "Blockchain for Combating Pharmaceutical Drug Counterfeiting and Cold Chain Distribution." Asian Journal of Research in Computer Science 16, no. 3 (2023): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajrcos/2023/v16i3353.
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In recent years, pharmaceutical drug traceability systems have been developed as critical tools for improving the digital supply chain's transparency and visibility. Blockchain-based drug traceability proposes a promising solution to create a distributed shared data platform for an irreversible, trustworthy, reliable, and transparent system. This article provides a thorough analysis and summary of the current state of drug traceability distribution research on the blockchain platform by using Hyperledger febric and Hyperledger Besu methodologies. Blockchain based platform, Hyperledger Fabric and Besu meets essential needs for drug traceability such as privacy, dependability, transparency, security, authorization, authentication, and scalability. The Hyperledger Fabric blockchain platform executes drug transactions proficiently and securely in the supply chains within a distributed network of stakeholders. This fabric-enabled private, permissioned distributed network comprising various pharmaceutical stakeholder groups aids in the efficient and secure execution of medication in supply chain transactions. This study also examines the impact of blockchain technology in the healthcare system while exhibiting how some features of this disruptive technology have the potential to transform existing cold chain and drug traceability processes. Blockchain technology embraces significant benefits in the processes of pharmaceutical drug serialization, protecting IoT devices, and ensuring temper-proof transaction sharing. Blockchain is also a potential solution to make use of IoT-enabled vehicles and warehouses for cold chain transportation by using smart sensors to capture critical temperature data. Blockchain-enabled IoT sensors in the cold chain ensure the secure transportation of drugs to pharmaceutical stakeholders in the supply chain network.
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Gaurav Kumar. "Securing pharmaceutical supply chain using digital drug serialization." World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 10, no. 1 (2023): 015–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2023.10.1.0244.
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The supply chain process is a very critical process in the pharmaceutical industry, and through digital drug serialization, we can mitigate the risk of counterfeit drug supply and counter the risk of consumers consuming fake drugs. To deliver medicines free of counterfeiting, the pharmaceutical supply chain's integrity must be preserved. In this article, we have focused on how we may employ digital drug serialization in the pharmaceutical supply chain without harming the public's health. Even though pharmaceutical corporations are working hard to combat medication fraud, it is still a persistent and complicated problem in the drug supply chain that costs the pharmaceutical business money and negatively affects patient health. To solve this issue, pharmaceutical companies are implementing a significant digital transformation in the pharmaceutical supply chain by integrating digital traceability and track-and-trace technologies from the initial raw material supplier to the patient.
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Girish Babu Botta. "Pharmaceutical medicine traceability: An overview of global compliance." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 15, no. 2 (2023): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2023.15.2.0358.
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Every human being has a fundamental right to access to healthcare. It is the duty of the government to provide its citizens with high-quality infrastructure and healthcare services. Government agencies and the healthcare sector have been working to reduce the negative effects that bogus drugs have on people's health for the past few decades. According to the World Health Organization, 4 out of 10 medicines in emerging and underdeveloped nations are either fraudulent or may be contaminated. The international economy suffers from counterfeit drug costs in the billions of dollars, and organizations are forced to spend less on research and development (R&D). The biggest difficulty facing the government and regulatory agencies is preventing the entry of fake medications into the supply chain. The government and regulatory bodies are currently creating strict regulations to forbid criminals and medicine counterfeiters from selling phony drugs in markets. To offer patients with safe and effective medications, the healthcare business needs strict laws and secure systems. The FDA has released a 10-year implementation roadmap for drug traceability in the US. The Healthcare Distribution Alliance (HDA) has additionally specified that the product packaging hierarchy print multiple barcodes and human readable data. The FDA is taking part in a pilot initiative with major prescription medicine producers and wholesalers to deploy blockchain technology in an open-source, interoperable digital network for ensuring the transfer of digital traceability data between licensed business partners.
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Girish, Babu Botta. "Pharmaceutical medicine traceability: An overview of global compliance." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 15, no. 2 (2023): 245–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10685862.
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Every human being has a fundamental right to access to healthcare. It is the duty of the government to provide its citizens with high-quality infrastructure and healthcare services. Government agencies and the healthcare sector have been working to reduce the negative effects that bogus drugs have on people's health for the past few decades. According to the World Health Organization, 4 out of 10 medicines in emerging and underdeveloped nations are either fraudulent or may be contaminated. The international economy suffers from counterfeit drug costs in the billions of dollars, and organizations are forced to spend less on research and development (R&D). The biggest difficulty facing the government and regulatory agencies is preventing the entry of fake medications into the supply chain. The government and regulatory bodies are currently creating strict regulations to forbid criminals and medicine counterfeiters from selling phony drugs in markets. To offer patients with safe and effective medications, the healthcare business needs strict laws and secure systems. The FDA has released a 10-year implementation roadmap for drug traceability in the US. The Healthcare Distribution Alliance (HDA) has additionally specified that the product packaging hierarchy print multiple barcodes and human readable data. The FDA is taking part in a pilot initiative with major prescription medicine producers and wholesalers to deploy blockchain technology in an open-source, interoperable digital network for ensuring the transfer of digital traceability data between licensed business partners.
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Sarkar, Shambhu. "The Future of Digital Drug Traceability in the Global Supply Chain." World Journal of Clinical Medicine Research 4, no. 1 (2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31586/wjcmr.2024.896.
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Sarkar, Shambhu. "Supply Chain Security Act 2023 : Interoperable Data Exchange for Drug Traceability." International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology 8, no. 3 (2022): 471–77. https://doi.org/10.32628/CSEIT228390.
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The purpose of this paper is to focus on the requirements of the 2023 DSCSA Act. recommended by HDA. Drug Supply Chain Security Act (DSCSA) has outlined the guidelines to develop and enhance drug supply chain security act by 2023. This includes product tracing requirements that went into effect in 2015 for manufacturers, re-packagers, wholesale distributors and dispensers (primarily pharmacies). As we are approaching to 2023, It will be final phase of 10 yearlong implementation of Drug Supply Chain Security Act (DSCSA) since compliance enacted in 2013. Verification router services (Saleable Return) is another compliance which was scheduled to enforce on 2020 but it is now push back to 2023 due to Covid-19 impact. Under 2023 DSCSA Act, manufacturers need to provide product tracing information in secure and interoperable manner electronically to distributors and wholesaler in supply chain. Wholesaler must transfer product tracing information to dispensers and pharmacy and verify saleable returns receive from supply chain stakeholders. Dispenser/Pharmacy should be able to receive Electronic Product Code Information Services (EPCIS) and product tracing information electronically and to be able to reconcile physical product unique identifier with electronic records. Finally, everyone in supply chain must be connected electronically through interoperable network which will allow regulatory bodies to track and trace the information’s. DSCSA 2023 Act is very impactful regulation which also requires supply chain partners to exchange traceability information’s such as Transaction History (TH), Transaction Information (TI), and Transaction Statement (TS) electronically. Electronic product Code Information Services (EPCIS) version 1.2 will have all provisions of TH, TI, TS, and adaptation of EPCIS version 1.2 will fulfill the requirement for all stakeholders in supply chain.
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Madalsa Kumar. "Pharmaceutical serialization dynamics to restrain illicit trade and counterfeiting of drugs." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 22, no. 2 (2024): 913–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.22.2.1461.
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Every individual has a fundamental entitlement to healthcare access. It falls upon governments to guarantee the delivery of high-quality healthcare services and infrastructure to their populace.. Over the past few decades, both governments and healthcare industries have been grappling with the challenge of minimizing the adverse effects on public health caused by counterfeit medicines. The World Health Organization has estimated that 40 % medicines in developing and impoverished countries are either counterfeit or potentially adulterated. The global economy suffers billions of dollars in losses due to counterfeit drugs, which also divert funds away from research and development (R&D) initiatives. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has devised a 10-year roadmap to implement drug traceability measures. The Healthcare Distribution Alliance (HDA) has been tasked with mandating the printing of multiple barcodes and human-readable data on product packaging. Additionally, the FDA is actively involved in pilot projects with leading pharmaceutical manufacturers and wholesalers to leverage blockchain technology within interoperable digital networks for secure data transfer and traceability among authorized trading partners. Preventing counterfeit medicines from infiltrating the supply chain remains a significant challenge for governments and regulatory authorities. Consequently, there is a growing emphasis on implementing stringent guidelines to deter criminals and counterfeiters from distributing fake medicines in the market. The healthcare industry requires robust regulations and secure technologies to ensure the delivery of safe and authentic drugs to patients.
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Madalsa, Kumar. "Pharmaceutical serialization dynamics to restrain illicit trade and counterfeiting of drugs." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 22, no. 2 (2024): 913–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14607377.
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Every individual has a fundamental entitlement to healthcare access. It falls upon governments to guarantee the delivery of high-quality healthcare services and infrastructure to their populace.. Over the past few decades, both governments and healthcare industries have been grappling with the challenge of minimizing the adverse effects on public health caused by counterfeit medicines. The World Health Organization has estimated that 40 % medicines in developing and impoverished countries are either counterfeit or potentially adulterated. The global economy suffers billions of dollars in losses due to counterfeit drugs, which also divert funds away from research and development (R&D) initiatives. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has devised a 10-year roadmap to implement drug traceability measures. The Healthcare Distribution Alliance (HDA) has been tasked with mandating the printing of multiple barcodes and human-readable data on product packaging. Additionally, the FDA is actively involved in pilot projects with leading pharmaceutical manufacturers and wholesalers to leverage blockchain technology within interoperable digital networks for secure data transfer and traceability among authorized trading partners. Preventing counterfeit medicines from infiltrating the supply chain remains a significant challenge for governments and regulatory authorities. Consequently, there is a growing emphasis on implementing stringent guidelines to deter criminals and counterfeiters from distributing fake medicines in the market. The healthcare industry requires robust regulations and secure technologies to ensure the delivery of safe and authentic drugs to patients.
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Ogbuagu, Oluchukwu Obinna, Akachukwu Obianuju Mbata, Obe Destiny Balogun, Olajumoke Oladapo, Opeyemi Olaoluawa Ojo, and Muridzo Muonde. "Enhancing biopharmaceutical supply chains: Strategies for efficient drug formulary development in emerging markets." International Journal of Medical and All Body Health Research 3, no. 1 (2022): 73–82. https://doi.org/10.54660/ijmbhr.2022.3.1.73-82.
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Biopharmaceutical supply chains in emerging markets face numerous challenges that hinder the efficient development and distribution of essential medicines. These challenges include regulatory barriers, infrastructure deficiencies, logistical inefficiencies, and market volatility. This paper explores strategic approaches to optimizing drug formulary development within these contexts, highlighting the importance of data-driven decision-making, regulatory harmonization, and public-private partnerships. The research also discusses technological innovations, such as blockchain, IoT, and automation, which can enhance supply chain operations' transparency, traceability, and efficiency. By identifying these challenges and proposing actionable solutions, this paper offers recommendations for policymakers, industry leaders, and healthcare providers to strengthen supply chains and improve access to life-saving drugs. Future research directions are also outlined, focusing on the role of digital transformation, sustainable supply chain models, and regulatory advancements. Ultimately, this paper aims to contribute to the ongoing efforts to enhance drug formulary development and supply chain efficiency, ensuring equitable access to affordable medicines in emerging markets.
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Naveen Sharma. "Pharmaceutical sector: Packaging requirement in serialization." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 11, no. 2 (2024): 1719–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.11.2.0632.
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Access to healthcare is a fundamental right for every individual, and it is the responsibility of governments to ensure the provision of quality healthcare services and infrastructure to their citizens. Over the past few decades, both governments and the healthcare industry have been grappling with the challenge of minimizing the adverse effects on public health caused by counterfeit medicines. According to the World Health Organization, approximately four out of ten medicines in developing and impoverished countries are either fake or potentially adulterated, leading to significant economic losses and reducing funds allocated for research and development (R&D) by organizations. Preventing counterfeit medicines from entering the supply chain poses a significant challenge for governments and regulatory authorities. Consequently, there is a concerted effort to establish stringent guidelines aimed at thwarting criminals and counterfeiters from infiltrating markets with fake medications. The healthcare industry recognizes the necessity for strict regulations and secure technologies to ensure the provision of safe and authentic drugs to patients. In the United States, the FDA has outlined a ten-year roadmap to implement drug traceability measures. Additionally, the Healthcare Distribution Alliance (HDA) has mandated the inclusion of multiple barcodes and human-readable data in product packaging hierarchy. Furthermore, the FDA is actively engaged in a pilot project with leading pharmaceutical manufacturers and wholesalers to explore the utilization of blockchain technology within an interoperable digital network for securing the transfer of digital traceability data among authorized trading partners.
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Bhandari, Shweta, Rahul Trivedi, Vishal Garg, and Ajay Saini. "Blockchain Technology: A Revolutionary Tool Against Counterfeit Pharmaceuticals." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE 15, no. 03 (2024): 1814–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijpqa.15.3.108.
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Counterfeit pharmaceuticals pose a significant global health threat, with dire consequences ranging from ineffective treatment to severe health complications and death. This paper explores how blockchain technology (BCT) can revolutionize the fight against counterfeit drugs and enhance healthcare integrity. Counterfeit drugs are defined as medications falsely claiming their source, efficacy, or validity, often containing incorrect amounts of active ingredients or harmful substances, leading to various adverse patient outcomes. Counterfeit drugs remain prevalent, especially in countries labeled as LMICs, with 13.6% an estimate of medications being counterfeit, resulting in financial repercussions exceeding $200 billion. Blockchain technology offers a robust solution to these challenges through its decentralized, tamper-proof digital ledger system. Each transaction recorded on the blockchain is immutable and transparent, ensuring data integrity and preventing unauthorized alterations. This technology can significantly enhance drug traceability, allowing stakeholders to verify the authenticity of medications from manufacture to patient delivery. Blockchain technology's promise to enhance transparency, efficiency, and security in healthcare is compelling. Its adoption can lead to a more resilient, equitable, and patient-centric healthcare ecosystem, reducing counterfeit drugs and improving overall patient care. As blockchain solutions mature and gain acceptance, their impact on the healthcare value chain—from drug discovery to patient care—will become increasingly significant, driving innovation and advancing global health and well-being.
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Venkatesan Kannan. "The critical role of laboratory informatics systems in ensuring public safety in pharmaceutical development." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 26, no. 2 (2025): 3620–28. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2025.26.2.2045.
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Laboratory informatics systems have emerged as fundamental safeguards of public safety in pharmaceutical development, establishing digital frameworks that ensure data integrity throughout product lifecycles. These specialized systems—including Chromatography Data Systems, Electronic Laboratory Notebooks, and Laboratory Information Management Systems—create comprehensive technological ecosystems that maintain regulatory compliance while enabling scientific innovation. The implementation of these platforms transforms quality management from reactive inspection to proactive assurance by establishing verifiable digital trails documenting every aspect of drug discovery, development, and manufacturing. Regulatory frameworks such as 21 CFR Part 11 provide structured guidelines for electronic records and signatures, with modern approaches emphasizing holistic data governance across people, processes, and technology. The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the critical value of robust informatics infrastructure in accelerating therapeutic development while maintaining stringent quality standards, highlighting how digital excellence directly translates to enhanced public health protection during emergencies. Through sophisticated traceability mechanisms, advanced analytics capabilities, and secure collaborative environments, laboratory informatics systems ultimately serve as essential infrastructure components that protect patient safety by ensuring medicines and therapies meet the highest standards of quality and efficacy.
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Shah, Dhaneshwar, Sunanda Rani, Khadija Shoukat, et al. "Blockchain Factors in the Design of Smart-Media for E-Healthcare Management." Sensors 24, no. 21 (2024): 6835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24216835.
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According to the current situation of deep aging globally, how to provide low-cost and high-quality medical services has become a problem that the whole society needs to consider. To address these challenges, we propose an e-healthcare management system leveraging the integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies. Our system aims to provide comprehensive, reliable, and secure one-stop services for patients. Specifically, we introduce a blockchain-based searchable encryption scheme for decentralized storage and real-time updates of electronic health records (EHRs). This approach ensures secure and efficient data traceability across medical equipment, drug supply chains, patient health monitoring, and medical big data management. By improving information processing capabilities, our system aspires to advance the digital transformation of e-healthcare services.
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Ajay Kumar Kapoor. "Unlocking the Power of Blockchain to Overcome Business Challenges and Enhance Efficiency: A Systematic Review & Bibliometric Analysis." Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology 45, no. 04 (2024): 3435–55. https://doi.org/10.52783/tjjpt.v45.i04.9100.
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Blockchain technology is a versatile technology developed using various techniques in the 21st-century digital era and extensively used across industries. This paper emphasizes the benefits of blockchain technology in enhancing business efficiency in various industries, including real estate, Aerospace, pharmaceutical, fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG), financial sector, fashion, and government sector. In the digital era, blockchain technology was used to manage digital cryptocurrency, which works on distributed networks. Much research is still being carried out on this subject throughout the globe to get maximum benefits in terms of security, transparency, trustworthiness, reliability, and immutability of transactions. Industry experts or researchers are exploring the use cases of blockchain technology in different areas to enhance business efficiency and productivity. This paper highlighted key principles of blockchain technology and how it addresses challenges faced in various sectors. A literature review of various publicly available articles, research papers, and academic journals has been carried out to understand blockchain technology and its usage across different industries in addressing the challenges. In the automotive or Aerospace sector, traceability, transparency, and tracking are critical elements for business processes in manufacturing as well as supply chain management, where blockchain technology has the potential to manage processes more securely and transparently with lean management. Blockchain can play a vital role in streamlining land records and tracking the right landowners with a key principle of immutable records. Counterfeit of drugs, lack of supply chain visibility, drug traceability, excess inventory, data security, and confidentiality are key challenges faced by the pharmaceutical industry, where blockchain technology can help to manage the processes efficiently. The FMCG industry has also seen benefits for inventory management, traceability, and genuine products with the help of blockchain technology. and. Some of the good use cases demonstrated in the BFSI sector for leveraging blockchain technology for secure and fast transactions and effective management of LC in the case of import of goods. The education sector also realized the benefits of blockchain for ensuring credential verification, secure record-keeping, and streamlined administrative processes. This study also highlights that blockchain technology can enhance the aerospace industry's security, efficiency, and productivity. As the aerospace industry constantly pursues innovation, enhanced safety features, reliability, and operational efficiency are key priorities through continuous improvement. Blockchain technology is considered an emerging technological platform that can transform capability and efficiently address key challenges of aerospace systems. Initially, blockchain technology was used to manage cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin; blockchain has been disrupted with unique features and a distributed ledger to make secure, transparent, and immutable or tamper-proof data management capabilities. Within the aerospace domain, smart contracts revolutionize supply chain management capabilities, improve traceability and tracking of function parts, digitalize maintenance records, and enhance overall operational efficiency through transparency. The power of blockchain technology is observed in secure e-voting systems, which effectively prevent data and minimize fraud in the government sector. Lastly, blockchain technology in the fashion industry reaps supply chain visibility, intellectual property of design, and enriched customer experience. Overall, blockchain technology can potentially transform business processes and enterprise efficiencies across various industries.
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Sahana, Thejashwini, Vagdevi Kamath, Yaparla Lahari, and Kusuma Mohanchandra. "Blockchain Based Framework for Secure Data Sharing of Medicine Supply Chain in Health Care System." International Journal of Artificial Intelligence 9, no. 1 (2022): 32–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.ijai-0901.358.
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The potential for blockchain technology in the healthcare sector is summarize in this study. It covers a wide range of technology themes, including storing medical information in blockchains, patient personal data ownership, and patient outreach via mobile apps. Blockchain was created to safeguard digital money transactions, but it has since gained popularity in a variety of other industries, including tourism, real estate, voting, the stock market, and supply chain management. In the healthcare industry, blockchain technology is rapidly gaining traction. Threats to integrity as well as threats to threats to threats to threats to threats to threats to Data management and medicine traceability are two of the most well-known blockchain uses in healthcare. We've explored the problems with standard data processing and drug tracing approaches in this paper.
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Sai, S. Nithya. "Drug Inventory Supply chain Management Using Blockchain." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 5 (2025): 2618–21. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.70786.
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Abstract: The Drug Inventory & Supply Chain Management System using Blockchain technology is a novel solution developed to address the serious issues affecting the pharmaceutical supply chain such as counterfeit drugs, lack of transparency, inefficient tracking and data tampering. This can lead to significant adverse effects in the case of patient safety and violations of regulatory requirements. The proposed system utilizesblockchain as a solution to facilitate secure, immutable and decentralized data sharing across all involved parties–rangingfromdrug manufacturersand distributor stopharmaciesandhealthcareproviders. In the center of the solution is a blockchain-based ledger which securely stores all transactions and movements of drug inventory. Each drug batch is assigned an unique digital identity using QR codes or RFID tags and their entire journey from production to consumption is documented in real time on the blockchain. This end-to-end traceability provides both verification of accuracy in the supply chain and complete auditability of supply chain for regulators and healthcare organizations. Smart contracts are used to automatically execute some facets of the supply chain such as drug delivery, inventoryreplenishment,andpaymentsettlement.Smartcontractsenforcecertainconditions(i.e. confirmdeliveryofadrugormaintainaspecifiedtemperature)tocompleteagivenprocess.This improves the speed to market of the supply chain, reduces human intervention, and promotes more trust among supply chain partners through enforceable code. Also, with the introduction of IoT devices, the system can measure other environmental factors like temperature and humidity during storage and transportation, thereby ensuring the safe handling of highly sensitive medications and immediately putting in place preventive measures if such deviations occur. In addition, with the help of data analytics, the system will be able to predict the demand patterns, helpingusers measure their inventory levels to ensure they remain at their desired level while reducing waste. Blockchain combines with advanced supply chain management practices and technology to provide significant efficiency and security gains while improving patient safety and public health outcome. Blockchain represents an unprecedented development in pharmaceutical logistics – a new transparent, tamper-proof and efficient tool to manage drug inventory in today’s increasingly complex and global healthcare environment
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Ifioko, A.M., Yoro, R.E, Okpor, M.D., et al. "CoDuBoTeSS: A Pilot Study to Eradicate Counterfeit Drugs via a Blockchain Tracer Support System on the Nigerian Frontier." Advances in Multidisciplinary & Scientific Research Journal Publications 10, no. 2 (2024): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/bij/v10n1p6.
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The pharma-sector has maintained improved productivity and profitability via a concerted effort to address critical issues such as an unorganized regulatory system, lack of safety data, no standards in manufacture process, non-adaptation to pharma-chain, and no-harmony of inventory supports. Study proposes blockchain trace-support to ensure drugs quality, consumer safety, and its trading as asset. It uses a radio-frequency identification sensor to register manufacture and administration process, and provide a databank to trace drug records. Results notes: (a) presents a roadmap for adoption by the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) to ensure a traceable pharmaceutical blockchain, (b) show ensemble is scalable for up-to 7500users to yield a performance of 1138-transactions per seconds with response time of 88secs for page retrieval and 128secs for queries respectively, and (c) yields slightly longer time for increased number of users via its world-state as stored in the permissionless blockchain hyper-fabric ledger. Thus, the framework can directly query and retrieve data without it traversing the whole ledger. This, in turn, improves the efficiency and effectiveness of the traceability system. Keywords: Blockchain, Counterfeit drugs, Healthcare, Nigeria, CORDA, hyper-ledger fabric, HIPPA Journal Reference Format: Ifioko, A.M., Yoro, R.E., Okpor, M.D., Brizimor, S.E, Obasuyi, D., Emordi, F.U., Odiakaose, C.C., Ojugo, A.A., Atuduhor, R.R, Abere, R.A., Ejeh, P.O., Ako, R.E. & Geteloma, V.O. (2024): CoDuBoTeSS: A Pilot Study to Eradicate Counterfeit Drugs via a Blockchain Tracer Support System on the Nigerian Frontier. Journal of Behavioural Informatics, Digital Humanities and Development Rese Vol. 10 No. 2. Pp 53-74 https://www.isteams.net/behavioralinformaticsjournal dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/BIJ/V10N1P6
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Ifioko, A.M., Yoro, R.E, Okpor, M.D., et al. "CoDuBoTeSS: A Pilot Study to Eradicate Counterfeit Drugs via a Blockchain Tracer Support System on the Nigerian Frontier." Advances in Multidisciplinary & Scientific Research Journal Publications 10, no. 2 (2024): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/bihiv10n1p6.
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The pharma-sector has maintained improved productivity and profitability via a concerted effort to address critical issues such as an unorganized regulatory system, lack of safety data, no standards in manufacture process, non-adaptation to pharma-chain, and no-harmony of inventory supports. Study proposes blockchain trace-support to ensure drugs quality, consumer safety, and its trading as asset. It uses a radio-frequency identification sensor to register manufacture and administration process, and provide a databank to trace drug records. Results notes: (a) presents a roadmap for adoption by the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) to ensure a traceable pharmaceutical blockchain, (b) show ensemble is scalable for up-to 7500users to yield a performance of 1138-transactions per seconds with response time of 88secs for page retrieval and 128secs for queries respectively, and (c) yields slightly longer time for increased number of users via its world-state as stored in the permissionless blockchain hyper-fabric ledger. Thus, the framework can directly query and retrieve data without it traversing the whole ledger. This, in turn, improves the efficiency and effectiveness of the traceability system. Keywords: Blockchain, Counterfeit drugs, Healthcare, Nigeria, CORDA, hyper-ledger fabric, HIPPA Journal Reference Format: Ifioko, A.M., Yoro, R.E., Okpor, M.D., Brizimor, S.E, Obasuyi, D., Emordi, F.U., Odiakaose, C.C., Ojugo, A.A., Atuduhor, R.R, Abere, R.A., Ejeh, P.O., Ako, R.E. & Geteloma, V.O. (2024): CoDuBoTeSS: A Pilot Study to Eradicate Counterfeit Drugs via a Blockchain Tracer Support System on the Nigerian Frontier. Journal of Behavioural Informatics, Digital Humanities and Development Rese Vol. 10 No. 2. Pp 53-74 https://www.isteams.net/behavioralinformaticsjournal dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/BHI/V10N2P6
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Prashant, Kumar, Bhardwaj Abhishek, Kumar Pushpendra, Gupta Suman, and Adnan. "Supply Chain Management Using Blockchain." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 8, no. 4 (2023): 1627–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7905666.
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Yes, that's correct! The paper proposes a solution that utilizes blockchain and AI technologies to ensure the secure and transparent distribution of medical drugs across the supply chain. The system employs smart contracts and a Rasa chatbot integrated into a Flutter app to enable ordering and traceability of medicines. Additionally, the system includes a blockchain-based credit evaluation mechanism to enhance the trustworthiness of the supply chain participants. The smart contracts are deployed on a local blockchain provided by Ganache, and the DApp is connected to the blockchain using Web3.js and Truffle framework. The system also includes trade chain and information chain platforms to construct an overall framework of the supply chain system. Platform interaction rules are formulated to standardize the system information exchange format and ensure the stability and efficiency of system interaction. Smart contracts are a type of digital contract that is designed to automatically execute predefined actions when certain conditions are met. In the context of supply chain systems, smart contracts can be used to facilitate and manage transactions between different parties, as well as to ensure the accuracy and integrity of supply chain information. By using smart contracts, supply chain stakeholders can improve the efficiency of their interactions, reduce transaction costs, and enhance the security and reliability of their data. The experimental results show that the proposed system is feasible and comparatively more secure than existing systems. While the system realizes the basic functions of the supply chain, it also promotes the sharing of information between participants and improves its efficiency. Summary of the text: The text discusses the application of blockchain in supply chain management, specifically for product traceability, and mentions the use of smart contracts to automate processes. The problem of drug counterfeiting is highlighted as a particular area where blockchain can provide benefits. The integration of artificial intelligence and Rasa is also briefly mentioned. The text concludes by emphasizing the need for further research and development in the practical applications and architectures of blockchain in supply chain management.
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Parra, Jonathan, Pedro M. García-Barrantes, Gerardo Rodríguez, and Beatriz Badilla. "Physicochemical and chromatographic method of characterization of Matricaria recutita tinctures." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research 4, no. 1 (2016): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.56499/jppres15.094_4.1.18.
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Context: The pharmacological activity of medicinal products containing plant materials depends on their specific components. However, these components are not characterized in their entirety in all cases. Therefore, manufacturing processes must be duly characterized and validated. Aims: To characterize a chamomile (Matricaria recutita) tincture through chemometric analysis of chromatographic data in order to establish quality parameters for its production. Methods: Various chamomile tinctures were manufactured and the precision and robustness of the production process for each was verified. The physicochemical properties of the tinctures were characterized and their chromatographic digital fingerprints analysed through chemometric methods. Results: A good correlation between the physicochemical characterization and the chromatographic analysis was demonstrated. The preparation methodology was proved to be repeatable as long as the source of the plant material is not altered. Conclusions: The principal component multivariate analysis of chromatograms was a helpful and simple tool for the characterization and traceability of the production method.
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Saurabh, Argade* Someshwar Mankar Suhas Siddheshwar. "Revolutionizing Pharmaceutical Packaging: A Comprehensive Review of Current Trends and Future Directions." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 1 (2025): 245–57. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14602999.
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In order to guarantee medicine safety, effectiveness, and patient compliance, pharmaceutical packaging is essential. This comprehensive review examines the critical aspects of pharmaceutical packaging, encompassing its functions, regulatory compliance, and innovative advancements. Packaging serves as the first defense against contamination, degradation, and tampering, maintaining drug stability through specialized materials like inert glass and high-quality plastics. Moreover, it enhances patient compliance with user-friendly designs such as blister and calendar packs. The pharmaceutical packaging market is expected to increase at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.7% between 2024 and 2030 due to changing regulatory requirements and technological advancements. Innovations such as smart packaging, sustainable materials, and patient-centric designs are reshaping the industry. Smart packaging incorporates sensors and digital tools to improve traceability and patient adherence, while eco-friendly solutions address environmental concerns. Regulatory bodies like the FDA and EMA ensure packaging meets safety and efficacy standards. Future trends emphasize personalized solutions, integrating AI and IoT for enhanced medication management and operational efficiency. This review highlights the need for continued research and development to address emerging challenges, ensuring that pharmaceutical packaging remains a cornerstone of healthcare innovation.
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Kodumuru, Reshma, Soumavo Sarkar, Varun Parepally, and Jignesh Chandarana. "Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things Integration in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing: A Smart Synergy." Pharmaceutics 17, no. 3 (2025): 290. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17030290.
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Background: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with the internet of things (IoTs) represents a significant advancement in pharmaceutical manufacturing and effectively bridges the gap between digital and physical worlds. With AI algorithms integrated into IoTs sensors, there is an improvement in the production process and quality control for better overall efficiency. This integration facilitates enabling machine learning and deep learning for real-time analysis, predictive maintenance, and automation—continuously monitoring key manufacturing parameters. Objective: This paper reviews the current applications and potential impacts of integrating AI and the IoTs in concert with key enabling technologies like cloud computing and data analytics, within the pharmaceutical sector. Results: Applications discussed herein focus on industrial predictive analytics and quality, underpinned by case studies showing improvements in product quality and reductions in downtime. Yet, many challenges remain, including data integration and the ethical implications of AI-driven decisions, and most of all, regulatory compliance. This review also discusses recent trends, such as AI in drug discovery and blockchain for data traceability, with the intent to outline the future of autonomous pharmaceutical manufacturing. Conclusions: In the end, this review points to basic frameworks and applications that illustrate ways to overcome existing barriers to production with increased efficiency, personalization, and sustainability.
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Ratta, Pranav, Amanpreet Kaur, Sparsh Sharma, Mohammad Shabaz, and Gaurav Dhiman. "Application of Blockchain and Internet of Things in Healthcare and Medical Sector: Applications, Challenges, and Future Perspectives." Journal of Food Quality 2021 (May 25, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7608296.
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Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the recent innovations in Information Technology, which intends to interconnect the physical and digital worlds. It introduces a vision of smartness by enabling communication between objects and humans through the Internet. IoT has diverse applications in almost all sectors like Smart Health, Smart Transportation, and Smart Cities, etc. In healthcare applications, IoT eases communication between doctors and patients as the latter can be diagnosed remotely in emergency scenarios through body sensor networks and wearable sensors. However, using IoT in healthcare systems can lead to violation of the privacy of patients. Thus, security should be taken into consideration. Blockchain is one of the trending research topics nowadays and can be applied to the majority of IoT scenarios. Few major reasons for using the Blockchain in healthcare systems are its prominent features, i.e., Decentralization, Immutability, Security and Privacy, and Transparency. This paper’s main objective was to enhance the functionality of healthcare systems using emerging and innovative computer technologies like IoT and Blockchain. So, initially, a brief introduction to the basic concepts of IoT and Blockchain is provided. After this, the applicability of IoT and Blockchain in the medical sector is explored in three major areas—drug traceability, remote patient-monitoring, and medical record management. At last, the challenges of deploying IoT and Blockchain in healthcare systems are discussed.
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Apostolakis, I., and Kl Konstantinidis. "Digital Transformation in Healthcare Challenges and Prospects." Health Review 35, no. 191 (2024): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54042/hr2828hhsma.
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The following are presented, by the global community, as the main fields of Digital Transformation (DT) in Healthcare: Telemedicine Telemedicine is the remote delivery of healthcare services through Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). It could be particularly beneficial in a range of services such as medical consultation, diagnosis remote monitoring of patients’ status and educational purposes. Patients could con- nect with healthcare providers at a distance using video calls, messaging platforms, or other communication tools. Telemedicine enhances accessibility to healthcare by overcoming geographical barriers while at the same time provides a transformative approach to healthcare services. Big Data Big data represents vast and diverse health information sets collected from several sources like Electronic Health Records (EHRs), wearable devices and social media. Big data can extract valuable insights and patterns, assisting clinical decision-making, public health management, personalised medicine and disease forecasting. Internet of Things (IoT) The Internet of Things (IoT) in healthcare refers to the interconnected network of medical devices, sensors and sys- tems that collect and exchange health data through the Inter- net. These devices offer real-time exchange of various data monitoring like patient's vital signs, and remote patient’s care, which could eventually result in the improvement of operational efficiency within healthcare systems, and patients' monitoring and care delivery. Virtual Reality (VR) in Health Virtual Reality (VR) employs immersive computer-generated environments into realistic experiences to transform medical training and education, rehabilitation, surgical planning and pain management. Employing VR tools such as headsets, users engage with three-dimensional simulation scenarios for training and skill practice in a safe environment without risking personal and patient safety. In addition, VR offers opportunities to improve outcomes, provide safer experiences to patients, while promoting the evolution of healthcare systems and care delivery. Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Health AI in healthcare is an umbrella term for the applications of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms used in medical contexts. AI algorithms analyse medical data, aiding in diagnostics, drug discovery, personalised medicine, and patient management. Virtual (personal) Assistants in Health Virtual Health Assistants (VHAs) are tools designed to engage patients, provide personalised health information and assist in various aspects of health services administration. Using Natural language Processing (NLP) and ML algorithms, VHAs offer support to remote communication between patients and healthcare providers, understand patients’ inquiries and healthcare-related issues. Also, VHAs could facil- itate appointment scheduling, symptom assessment, medication management, and health coaching, resulting at the enhancement of accessibility in healthcare and the empower- ment of the patient. Blockchain in Health Blockchain is an emerging technology, which utilises decentralised systems to record and manage healthcare information and patient data. By linking data blocks, blockchain can enhance security, interoperability and traceability, and address significant challenges such as data breaches, interoperability issues, and inefficiencies in data sharing, thus providing a stan- dardised and secure platform for data exchange across health- care systems and stakeholders. Medical Wearables Wearables emerge positive outcomes on continuing monitoring, tracking and early detecting of health issues. Wearables are devices wore on the body or putted on clothing allowing constant monitoring of health data and behaviour. They enable individuals to engage a proactive approach to their health and well-being, by empowering them to take control of their health. In addition, wearables have the potential to enhance telemedicine and population health management, while reducing healthcare costs.
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Shah, Adeel, Musawir Ali Soomro, Urooj Nazir, and Arham Khan. "To Spur Social Sustainability in the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain." International Journal of Circular Economy and Waste Management 2, no. 1 (2022): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcewm.309987.
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With the world progressing rapidly, the supply chain of various industries globally, especially the pharmaceutical sector, has evolved rapidly. Unlike many developing countries, the global supply chains have been revolutionized using various digital technologies. However, in Pakistan, the pharmaceutical sector to be specific, although growing exponentially, still fails to provide maximum efficiency in their supply chain including minimal traceability and visibility from the company's end. This study illustrates the current scenario of the pharmaceutical sector of Pakistan analyzing the gaps and potential areas for opportunities and improvements. The systematic review of literature and meta-analysis aims to provide a basis to understand the current challenges faced by the companies and help formulate a framework to provide a basis for the implementation of the most suited digital technology such as block chain or QR code to encounter and minimize the counterfeit of drugs, increase traceability and streamlining the processes and entities involved in the supply chain.
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Nitin Shivale. "Enhanced Traceability and Transparency in Medical Supply Chain Management Using Blockchain-Based Customized Smart Contracts." Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 10, no. 10s (2025): 478–89. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i10s.1410.
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The medical supply chain faces challenges like counterfeit drugs, lack of transparency, and inefficient traceability. Blockchain technology, with its decentralized and secure architecture, offers a promising solution. By implementing customized smart contracts, stakeholders can ensure data integrity, improve trust, and streamline supply chain operations, enhancing overall efficiency and reliability. Counterfeit medicines and limited visibility across the medical supply chain pose significant risks to patient safety and public health. Traditional systems lack robust mechanisms to verify authenticity or ensure transparency. The need for a secure, efficient, and scalable system to trace and validate medicines in real-time has become crucial. A blockchain-based framework was developed using customized smart contracts for traceability. Each medicine is registered with unique identifiers stored on the blockchain. QR codes link physical products to the digital ledger, enabling real-time tracking and user verification. The system uses consensus mechanisms to validate transactions and ensure authenticity. Proof of Work (PoW) ensures robust security by requiring significant computational effort for transaction validation, deterring malicious activities. Proof of Stake (PoS) enhances scalability and energy efficiency, validating transactions based on a node's stake in the network. Together, these algorithms provide a balance of security, speed, and sustainability. The proposed system significantly improves traceability and transparency in the medical supply chain. Counterfeit detection rates increased, and transaction validation times decreased due to optimized algorithms. User feedback confirmed enhanced trust and reliability. The solution demonstrates scalability and adaptability for broader applications in healthcare and beyond.
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Pesqueira, Antonio, Maria José Sousa, and Andreia De Bem Machado. "Addressing Counterfeiting and Fraud Concerns in Healthcare Packaging and Labeling with Blockchain: Opportunities and Challenges." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS 21 (May 9, 2024): 246–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23209.2024.21.24.
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Blockchain technology (BT), originally developed to facilitate secure digital monetary transactions, has recently gained significant traction in various healthcare sectors. Characterized by the exponential growth of sensitive data, the healthcare sector is poised to witness the emergence of BT. This emergence is primarily driven by the pressing need to globally expose, protect against threats, ensure confidentiality, and establish traceability for the plethora of sensitive data continuously generated by the healthcare industry. The healthcare supply chain focuses on traceability due to the prevalence of counterfeit and recalled drugs. Managing operational constraints such as temperature, humidity, and air quality within specified parameters is paramount. The various processes involved in international trade transactions contribute to the creation of numerous records, each of which is meticulously entered into the systems of the companies involved. Therefore, the problem set for this study was: What are the challenges and prospects for BT in the healthcare sector? To answer this question, the following objective was set: describe and examine the challenges and prospects of BT in the healthcare sector. In addition, a key research objective was to identify specific applications and use cases that can benefit the most from this technological advancement. In line with the research objective, a systematic review of all studies BT for traceability, anti-counterfeiting, and fraud detection was conducted from January 2023 to September 2023. Using robust tools such as VosViewer, we used bibliometric metrics from the renowned medical repository PubMed to construct and visually represent data analysis networks. BT shows remarkable potential to improve traceability and optimize supply chain management within healthcare organizations. The study includes a deep analysis of blockchain capabilities, including smart contracts, identity management, access control, and zero-knowledge proofing.
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Drafahl, Kristy, David C. Smith, Cristen Graham, et al. "Development and Validation of a Highly Sensitive e1a2 (p190) BCR-ABL Test to Determine Complete Molecular Response (Minimal Residual Disease Negative) As a Primary Endpoint for Patients with Newly Diagnosed Philadelphia Chromosome Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (Ph+ ALL)." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (2018): 1558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-113172.
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Abstract In Ph+ ALL, the absence of detectable disease has shown prognostic value for a reduced risk of relapse and improved survival. However, as the level of undetectable disease is determined by the lower limit of detection of the test in use, standardization of such an endpoint for a drug regulatory submission is critical. To date, no tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) has received approval for the newly diagnosed Ph+ ALL adult patient population in the US. Takeda (Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) is conducting a phase 3, randomized, open-label, multicenter efficacy study comparing ponatinib versus imatinib, administered in combination with reduced-intensity chemotherapy, in participants with newly diagnosed Ph+ ALL (NCT03589326). The primary endpoint for this study is minimal residual disease (MRD)-negative complete remission (CR), where MRD-negativity is defined as a BCR-ABL:ABL raw ratio of ≤0.01% (MR4.0) in bone marrow aspirate samples at the end of induction. Patients who achieve post-induction ponatinib or imatinib maintained MRD-negative CR will potentially delay or avoid stem cell transplantation. Previously, for the purposes of initiating and monitoring treatment free remission or discontinuation of TKI therapy in chronic phase CML patients, we developed and validated the MRDx® BCR-ABL Test which is an FDA authorized test for the quantitative detection of BCR-ABL e13a2 or e14a2 transcripts. This test will be used in this study and reports BCR-ABL:ABL levels on the International Scale (IS) with traceability to the World Health Organization (WHO) first International Genetic Reference Panel and with a limit of detection below 0.0032% (i.e., MR4.5). Similarily, for assessment of the e1a2 (p190) BCR-ABL:ABL transcripts, we developed and validated a one-step reverse transcription, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) test in order to accurately and precisely assess all clinical decision points and disease levels for this study. Because of the lack of available reference material for e1a2, a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) based test was co-developed to quantify e1a2 BCR-ABL copy numbers in bone marrow aspirates, as well as in peripheral blood samples (to allow assessment of concordance). e1a2 in vitro transcribed RNA calibrators assign copy numbers to determine the e1a2 BCR-ABL:ABL raw % ratios of unknown samples. The e1a2 RT-qPCR test exceeded an analytical sensitivity of MR4.5 (0.0032% raw ratio of BCR-ABL:ABL) with a dynamic linear range from MR4.5 to MR1.0. The test also includes cell line derived RNA assay controls formulated to 10%, 0.1% and 0.01% BCR-ABL:ABL, necessary for decision points in the clinical trial. Validation studies included limit of blank, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification, assay range, analytical specificity, repeatability, reproducibility (multi-day, multi-operator, and multi-instrument), and accuracy by comparison to a reference method (ddPCR). The validation of the e1a2 RT-qPCR test with bone marrow aspirate samples was conducted with 1 µg RNA inputs per well and LOD was also verified with 0.5 µg RNA input per well. In conclusion, the validated e1a2 RT-qPCR test allows for accurate standardization of BCR-ABL:ABL measurement across multiple centers in an international Phase 3 study. The e1a2 RT-qPCR test data will be used to assess the primary endpoint in the first registrational trial to be conducted in newly diagnosed Ph+ ALL adult patients. Disclosures Drafahl: MolecularMD, Corp: Employment. Smith:MolecularMD, Corp: Employment. Graham:MolecularMD, Corp: Employment. Glynn:MolecularMD, Corp: Employment. Spittle:MolecularMD, Corp: Employment. Verrow:Takeda (Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.): Employment. Rivera:Takeda (Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.): Consultancy. Srivastava:Takeda (Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.): Employment. Hawkins:MolecularMD, Corp: Employment. Galderisi:MolecularMD, Corp: Employment, Equity Ownership.
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Ashiwaju, Bankole Ibrahim, Mercy Odochi Agho, Casandra Okogwu, Ochuko Felix Orikpete, and Chibuike Daraojimba. "Digital Transformation in Pharmaceutical Supply Chain: An African Case." Matrix Science Pharma 7, no. 3 (2023): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/mtsp.mtsp_16_23.
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Abstract Background: The pharmaceutical supply chain, pivotal in ensuring timely and efficient delivery of medical goods, has experienced significant challenges in the African context. Infrastructure deficiencies, fragmented distribution networks, and limited transparency have historically been obstacles in ensuring the consistent flow of essential drugs and treatments. Materials and Methods: The transformative power of digital technologies in reconfiguring the pharmaceutical supply chain across Africa. Drawing on multiple case studies, this paper presents evidence of how technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things (IoT) are being employed to enhance traceability, improve inventory management, and optimize distribution routes. These digital innovations are not only ensuring the integrity of medicines by reducing counterfeit products but are also enhancing the agility of the supply chain to respond to sudden market and health demands. Results: Executed in a thorough data analysis strategy to interpret the results and extract significant insights by investigating the challenges faced in this digital transformation, which include the need for skills development, infrastructure investment, and the creation of supportive regulatory environments. The study underscores the role of partnerships between governments, international organizations, and private enterprises in driving these innovations. Conclusion: While the journey of digital transformation in Africa’s pharmaceutical supply chain is ongoing, there are promising strides being made. By embracing digital solutions, Africa is positioning itself to better tackle health challenges and ensuring that its populace has access to genuine and essential medicines. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of digital transition strategies and offers actionable insights for stakeholders involved in global health and supply chain management.
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Sarkar, Shambhu. "Challenges for Implementing Digital Drug Traceability in Developing Countries." International Journal of Research Publications 103, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.47119/ijrp1001031620223477.
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Gaurav Kumar. "Drug Traceability - Divine or Challenge for Pharma Sector." International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology, February 1, 2024, 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32628/cseit2410126.
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Blockchain technology is driving the digital transformation of various industries, and one sector benefiting from this innovation is the pharmaceutical industry. This industry grapples with challenges like a lack of transparency, difficulties in tracking products, a deficit of trust, and issues related to shipping expired products. To address these concerns, blockchain technology has been harnessed as a solution. Notably, counterfeit drug prevention emerged as the most prevalent category, aligning with the pharmaceutical industry's primary objective. Blockchain technology is an emerging innovation that is finding applications in various industries, including healthcare. In the healthcare sector, Blockchain networks are being utilized to securely store and exchange patient data across hospitals, diagnostic laboratories, pharmacies, and medical practitioners. These applications of Blockchain can effectively identify and mitigate critical errors, including potentially hazardous ones within the realm of healthcare. Consequently, this technology holds the promise of enhancing the efficiency, security, and transparency of medical data sharing within the healthcare system. Moreover, it offers valuable tools for medical institutions to gain insights and improve the analysis of medical records. It visually represents the diverse capabilities, enablers, and the unified workflow process of Blockchain technology in supporting healthcare on a global scale. Additionally, the paper presents a thorough discussion of fourteen significant applications of Blockchain in healthcare, underscoring its pivotal role in addressing issues like deception in clinical trials. Blockchain's potential in healthcare lies in improving data efficiency, assuaging concerns about data manipulation, and establishing a robust data storage framework with the highest level of security. It delivers features such as versatility, interconnectivity, accountability, and authentication for data access. The protection and confidentiality of health records are of paramount importance, and Blockchain facilitates decentralized data security in healthcare while mitigating specific threats.
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Chowdhary, Vikram, and Marek Vinš. "STRENGTHENING PHARMACEUTICAL SUPPLY CHAIN SECURITY IN EUROPE: SERIALIZATION AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES." Perner's Contacts 18, no. 2 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.46585/pc.2023.2.2493.
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The pharmaceutical industry's profitability has attracted attention, but it faces challenges from counterfeiters exploiting vulnerabilities worsened by globalization and complex supply chains. In 2019, European authorities introduced regulation EU 2016/161 to enhance drug supply chain security and traceability. By conducting a systematic literature review, this study assesses the effectiveness of the European Drug Serialization system, examining its implementation and the potential benefits of integrating digital technologies like RFID and Blockchain. The aim is to investigate and identify measures contributing to the strengthening of pharmaceutical supply chains against counterfeiting. The research suggests that while serialization is crucial, it may not provide foolproof security, emphasizing the need for additional digital technology integration.
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-, Sandeep Ramanamuni. "A Digital Revolution in the Pharmaceutical Industry." International Journal on Science and Technology 14, no. 3 (2023). https://doi.org/10.71097/ijsat.v14.i3.2835.
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The pharmaceutical industry is gradually adopting digital transformation. Technologies like AI and ML have become important tools for data analysis. This helps faster drug discovery and targeted approaches to offer treatment. This digital revolution in the pharmaceutical sector is aiding in the optimization of clinical trial design and assessing patterns to cater to the treatment of individual patients. The enabling capacity through IoT and robotics is a game changer in the operations of pharmaceutical companies. Predictive maintenance, real-time monitoring, and optimization workflow have all increased operational efficiencies, regulatory compliance, product quality, and overall efficiency in the pharmaceutical industry. Digital adoption makes the decrease in stockout levels, aversion to counterfeit drugs, and increased traceability possible. The study focuses on how digital transformation is slowly but surely becoming a strategic imperative in the pharmaceutical arena while also searching for the impact of digital and innovative technology on the operational accounts and competitiveness of pharma companies.
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"Research on The Application of Blockchain-Based Data Security in Healthcare." International Journal of Advanced Research in Economics and Finance, March 31, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55057/ijaref.2023.5.1.22.
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This study focuses on the use of blockchain data security technology and its application in pharmaceutical companies, providing a theoretical foundation for achieving digitalization, efficient traceability, and ensuring the quality and safety of drugs in the rapidly advancing technological landscape. The research is based on a thorough review of the literature, supplemented by case studies, and provides insights into the data security scheme required for pharmaceutical companies' traceability processes. It also highlights the various steps involved in the traceability procedures, which have the potential to produce data and involve multiple participants. Effective technical security measures should be employed to manage and use the data to ensure its security and provide tools for maintaining drug quality. Also, the study highlights the technical foundation required to implement data security management, including blockchain and data security technology in the various data states analyzed, provides valuable management insights for medical enterprises or institutions, and explores the realization principles of various data security technologies in conjunction with blockchain technology. The research provides a comprehensive application of literature and cases and serves as a guide for enterprises' actual data security management, providing resources for pharma companies undergoing digital transformation to make strategic decisions about information management. Overall, the study offers valuable insights for learning lessons and generating new ideas in pharmaceutical traceability.
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Sharma, Puneet. "Blockchain: The Digital Ledger Fighting Fraud in Healthcare." Journal of Medicine and Healthcare, September 30, 2023, 1–2. https://doi.org/10.47363/jmhc/2023(5)e110.
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The healthcare industry faces pervasive challenges with fraud, waste, and abuse, costing billions of dollars annually and compromising the integrity of patient care. Blockchain technology, with its decentralized and immutable ledger system, offers a groundbreaking solution to mitigate these issues. By enabling secure data sharing, transparent transactions, and tamper-proof recordkeeping, blockchain has the potential to revolutionize healthcare operations and fortify trust within the ecosystem. This paper explores how blockchain addresses fraud in healthcare, emphasizing its applications in claims processing, drug traceability, and identity management. It also addresses implementation challenges, ethical considerations, and future trends. The integration of blockchain with complementary technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) is also discussed, underscoring its transformative impact on healthcare fraud prevention.