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1
Hartshorne, Ian. "Painting in a digital forest." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2016. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/618717/.
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This PhD ‘by practice’ aims to understand ways in which painting confronts the experience of living in a digital age. The objective was to produce a body of paintings at a time of a shifting visual regime in order to reflect on the ways technology affects our temporal and historical relationship with the environment of the landscape and its inhabitants. Painting was used in the study to develop ‘felt knowledge’ – a form of artistic knowledge acquired through sensory and emotional perception.1 Using ‘felt knowledge’, I develop an analogy between the Internet surfer and a particular notion of the hunter in nature. The locus of the hunt is a liminal space that provides opportunities where various forms of natural and unnatural adventures can arise. The forest is seen as a place where one might experience a terrifying or enchanting loss of normal boundaries or understanding of the rules of engagement. The study uses a number of critical perspectives to explore questions of the closing temporal gap between events, analysis, production and absorption. A key concept is that of viewing nature as ‘Otherness’. The essential core of Otherness is inevitably nameless. Merleau-Ponty (2002), suggested that this experience comes about through a momentary loss of self-consciousness leading us to encounter otherness directly and with astonishment: “ In order to see the world and grasp it as paradoxical, we must break with our familiar acceptance of it and, also, from the fact that from this break we can learn nothing but the unmotivated upsurge of the world.” 2 Imagination is not possible without that radical otherness; it is this oddness, this uncertainty that forms the direction of my studio practice and my written reflections on where and how we live today. McLuhan’s work and his thoughts on the impact of media, particularly technological and digital media, contribute to my current concerns about the place and use of painting today. McLuhan suggests we snap out of our numbness, which is induced by the over dominance of a particular media or pattern. One possible solution to the anaesthetic effect of a particular medium is to use another medium that has an antidote effect. As a PhD by practice, the making of paintings has been the dominant mode of enquiry, with the accompanying text acting as a supporting device. In the written text, I reflect on the problematic relationship between painting and writing, following Matisse’s articulation of the difficulties and often-unnecessary demands made by writing. My approach to painting and the relationship that writing has to it is an explication of my methodology, which recognises the need to maintain an iterative movement between proximity/immersion and distance/reflection. The methods both acknowledge the need to make practical knowledge explicit, and a everse movement whereby the painterly procedure becomes a way to physically test the possibilities and limits of language in articulating this. Against exaggerated claims of the death of painting in the face of technological and other developments, the proposition of this thesis is that painting’s continuation and relevance at this historical moment is determined in part by a unwillingness of painters themselves to see it extinguished; and that furthermore, the practice of painting utilizes its marginalized position to its advantage. My contribution to knowledge lies in the consideration, fused into the paintings, of how the transformation of paint can convey an awareness of the affects of the closing temporal gap between events, analysis, production and absorption and the demonstration and articulation of how painting’s ‘moribund’ position has itself become its ability to communicate effectively from the margins.
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Korpela, Ilkka. "Individual tree measurements by means of digital aerial photogrammetry." Helsinki : Finnish Forest Research Institute, Finnish Society of Forest Science, 2004. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/55872310.html.
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Haddow, Kimberly Anne. "Forest regeneration assessment using airborne digital camera imagery." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0002/MQ36824.pdf.
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Pacurari, Doru I. "Evaluation of the use of remotely sensed images to speciate mixed Appalachian forests." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1550.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 128 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 116-121).
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Mercier, Wilfred Jean-Baptiste. "Generation of Forest Stand Type Maps Using High-Resolution Digital Imagery." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MercierWJB2009.pdf.
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Zagalikis, Georgios D. "Estimation of forest stand parameters using digital orthorectified aerial photographs." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274879.
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Ground based forest inventory surveys can provide highly accurate measurements of tree and stand characteristics, but are time-consuming and costly, and therefore typically limited to number of sample plots. Estimating tree and stand characteristics from digitised aerial photographs can provide measurements from the whole stand, but is less accurate. The goal of this study was to evaluate the application of scanned, stereo aerial photography and digital photogrammetry in combination with tree crown delineation techniques to measure tree and stand characteristics in two sites in Scotland, Rosarie and Leanachan forests. Existing medium-resolution scanned images of true colour aerial photographs (1:10,000) were used to derive Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) of the forest canopy and digital orthophotographs. Tree crown delineation techniques were used on the derived digital orthophotographs and tree crown measurements including crown area and coordinates of each crown were derived. The DEMs in combination with Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) derived from digital contour maps, were used for the estimation of tree and stand heights. Equations derived from regression analysis of individual tree measurements on the ground, and the orthophotographs from Rosarie forest, were used for the estimation of tree and stand characteristics of both sites. For Rosarie forest the estimations of stand top height, basal area, stand volume stand biomass and stand density (~23.7%) were similar with the ground measured stand characteristics (<span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Symbol'>±10%), where as for Leanachan forest the estimations were less accurate due to the non-optimum illumination conditions during the acquisition of the aerial photographs. The level of accuracy achieved in this study is adequate for measuring tree and stand characteristics, if the acquisition conditions of aerial photographs are optimal. Higher level of accuracy may be possible, but requires more accurate DTMs, possibly derived using active airborne remote sensing sensors.
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Vogt, Holger K. H. "An investigation into the feasibility of forest inventory by means of stereo satellite imagery employing digital photogrammetry technology." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51609.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was to extract elevation information (such as tree height) from
stereo satellite imagery (IRS-I C), to scrutinise the performance of the DTM (Digital
Terrain Model) tools as provided by the LH (LeicalHelava) Systems' softcopy
system, and subsequently to perform a feasibility study on the application of a
practically viable forest inventory design.
A softcopy photogrammetry workstation (LH Systems DPW 770), IRS-I C stereo
panchromatic satellite imagery, and digital aerial photography at a scale of 1:30000
(scanned at 15 micrometers) was used. The study was conducted over various sites in
the Sabie area (province of Mpumalanga) in South Africa, where extensive man made
forests with pine and eucalypts are to be found. The extraction of stand parameters
such as tree height was performed manually, semi-automatically, and automatically.
In addition, the compartment area was determined using a GIS tool. The Digital
Surface Models (DSM), representing the canopy structure of the stands, was extracted
from the IRS-I C imagery and validated through a comparison of the resulting
contours with the corresponding contours generated by aerial photogrammetric
methods.
Due to the coarse spatial resolution of the IRS-IC imagery (5m) and the suboptimal
BIH (BaselHeight) ratio (0.57), only objects featuring a height exceeding 20m could
be manually measured with confidence. Furthermore, only the edges of the
compartments proved to be suitable for the determination of tree heights (i.e. with a
sufficiently large parallax difference and image contrast).
The manual determination of tree heights in the IRS-I C imagery yielded accuracies of
about 95% compared to the height values of the aerial photographs and the ground
data. The application of image enhancement techniques had severe effects on the
accuracy of the IRS-IC stereo model, resulting in deviations of about -57m from the
'true' value. It was observed that image matching was only a problem where features changed their appearance (e.g. clearfelled or burnt areas) during the acquisition period
of the stereo pair of the satellite imagery.
LH Systems' Adaptive Automatic Terrain Extraction (AATE) tool performed very
well for the creation of digital terrain and surface models when using digital aerial
photography with a high scanning rate. In contrast, the automatic creation of canopy
surface models from various forest compartments did not yield any useful results
when applied to IRS-l C imagery. AATE could not model the canopy structure
properly. The coarse spatial resolution of the satellite imagery in conjunction with the
sparse post spacing (20m) and matching errors are most likely to be responsible for
this poor performance.
Two-phase sampling and the Hugershoff method were chosen for automatically
derived height values to be evaluated for possible application in forest inventory.
Unfortunately, neither for the determination of the regression estimator for the first
method, nor for the calculation of timber volume after application of the Hugershoff
method could any useful result be obtained. This is mostly due to the fact that image
matching errors and blunders (resulting in tree heights of -885m) were not properly
accounted for in the terrain extraction software. However, the outcomes for the
manual measurement of tree heights performed on the satellite imagery show that
under optimal conditions accuracies can be achieved similar to those for the height
determination in small scale aerial photographs, but at lower cost. The obtained height
values can then be used for the calculation of timber volume according to Eichhorn's
law.
Keywords: AATE, blunders, digital photogrammetry, DPW770, forest inventory,
Hugershoff IRS-l C, matching error, remote sensing, satellite
imagery, two-phase sampling<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: N GANGBAARHEIDSTIIDIE VIR BOSINVENTARIS MET BEHULP VAN
STEREO SATELLIETBEELDE MET GEBRUIK VAN SAGTEKOPIE
FOTOGRAMMETRIESETEGNOLOGIE: Die doel van hierdie studie was om elevasie inligting (soos boomhoogtes) uit stereo
satellietbeelde (IRS-I C) te ontrek, en die DTM (Digitale Terrein Modelle) funksies van
die LH Systems se sagtekopie sisteem te evalueer en 'n ondersoek in te stel na praktiese
toepassing van die tegnologie in bosvoorraadopname.
'n Sagtekopie fotogrammetriese werkstasie (LH Systems DPW 770), IRS-I C stereo
panchromatiese satellietwaarneming en digitale lugfotografie is gebruik. Die studie is
uitgevoer oor verskeie areas in die Sabie omgewing (Mpumalanga, Suid-Afrika), waar
daar ekstensiewe mensgemaakte woude voorkom met denne en Eucalyptus soorte. Die
ekstraksie van opstandparameters soos boomhoogte is uitgevoer met die hand, as ook met
semi-outomatiese en outomatiese metodes. Die digitale oppervlakmodelle (wat die
kroondakstrukture van die opstande voorstel) was vanaf die IRS-I C beelde onttrek en
gevalideer deur vergelyking van die resulterende kontoere met die korresponderende
kontoere wat deur lugfotogrammetriese metodes gegenereer is. As gevolg van die
growwe ruimtelike resolusie van die IRS-IC waarneming (Sm) en die suboptimale BIH
verhouding (0.57) kan slegs voorwerpe met 'n hoogte van meer as 20m met vertroue met
die hand gemeet word. Slegs die rande van die vakke is bruikbaar vir die berekening van
boomhoogtes (d.w. s. met 'n voldoende paralaksverskil en 'n sterk beeldkontras ).
Boomhoogtes wat met die hand bepaal is vanaf IRS-I C beelde is 95% akkuraat in
vergelyking met die hoogtewaardes verkry vanaf die lugfoto's en die veldmetings. Die
toepassing van beeldverbeteringstegnieke het duidelike invloede op die akkuraatheid van
die IRS-IC stereomodel met afwykings van ongeveer -57m vanaf die "werklike"
waardes. Daar is ook waargeneem dat beeldooreenstemming slegs 'n probleem is waar
terreinvorme se voorkoms verander het (weens afkappings of brande) gedurende die
verkrygingsperiode waarin die stereo paar van die satellietbeelde verkry is. LH Systems se Aanpassende Outomatiese Terrein Onttrekkings (Adaptive Automatic
Terrain Extraction - AATE) instrument het goed gevaar tydens die gebruik van digitale
lugfotografie met Inhoë skanderingstempo.
In kontras hiermee het die outomatiese skepping van kroondakoppervlakmodelle van
verskeie plantasievakke geen nuttige resultate gelewer wanneer dit op IRS-I C beelde
toegepas is nie. Die growwe ruimtelike resolusie van die satellietbeelde tesame met die
wye paalspasïering (20m) en passingsfoute is waarskynlik vir hierdie swak resultate
verantwoordelik.
Twee-fase proefueming en die Hugershoff metode was gebruik vir die bepaling van
outomaties afgeleide hoogtewaardes vir evaluering van moonlike toepassing in
bosvoorraadopnames. Geen bruikbare resultate kon verkry word vir die vasstelling van
die regressieskatter vir die eersgenoemde metode of vir die berekening van die
houtvolume volgens die Hugershoff metode nie. Dit is meestal as gevolg van beeld--
ooreenkomsfoute en flaters, (wat tot boomhoogtes van -885m gelei het) wat nie
voldoende in ag geneem word in die terreinekstraksie sagteware nie. Die resultate vir die
handgemete ('manual') boomhoogtebepaling wat uitgevoer is op die satellietbeelde (op
die sagtekopie werkstasie DPW 770), toon dat akkuraathede soortgelyk aan daardie vir
hoogte bepaal op klein-skaal lugfotos onder optimale toestande verkry kan word, maar
goedkoper. Die hoogtewaardes wat verkry is kan gebruik word vir die berekening van
houtvolume volgens die wet van Eichhorn.
Sleutelwoorde: AATE, afstandswaarneming, bosvoorraadopnames, digitale
fotogrammetrie, DPW770, flaters, Hugershoff, IRS-! C, satellietbeelde,
twee-fase proefueming
8
Hultén, Elin, and Martina Johansson. "Användning och utveckling av digitala administrativa system för skogsentreprenörer." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96636.
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Idag är applikationer, program och system såväl i datorer som i mobiler ständigt närvarande i våra liv. Digitala system används av flertalet olika branscher, bland annat skolan, fastighetsbranschen och inom skogsbranschen. Flera skogliga företag och föreningar har idag utvecklat egna digitala system för att sköta deras administration. Bland dessa skogliga företag finns ATA Timber AB som har utvecklat det digitala administrativa systemet Objekthanteraren (OH) för deras entreprenörer och inköpare. Syftet med studien var att beskriva och utvärdera ett digitalt, administrativt system för entreprenörer, samt att analysera om det finns ett samband mellan entreprenörernas användning av systemet och faktorer som IT-kunskaper, att de kör för flera olika företag och liknande. 92% av maskinförarna ansåg att systemet var lätt att hitta i. Några samband mellan användningen av systemet och faktorer som exempelvis IT-kunskaper och erfarenhet av liknande system kunde påvisas. En genomgång av systemet och en användarguide var önskvärt bland maskinförarna.
9
Seed, Evan D. "Retrieval of forest canopy structure from high-resolution airborne digital camera imagery." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0005/MQ36848.pdf.
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Frödå, Charlotte. "Skogsägarnas intresse för att sälja virke genom en digital virkesmarknad." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-89896.
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A digital timbermarket helps forest owners reach out to severaltimber purchasers and be able to compare the forest companies’ price lists. The purpose of this study was to examine how the forest owners would respond to a digital timbermarket.The study analyzes if Swedish forest owners are interested in the use of a digital timbermarket. By using a web survey, the forest owner’s responses about a digital timbermarket have been collected and analyzed. The results of the study showed that most of the forest owners were positiveabout using a digital timbermarket. The forest owners who were positive usually had smaller properties, no education or work experience in forestry.Those who were most unwillingto use a digital timbermarket were mostly over 70 years old, had made more than 30timber sales and own forest properties over 300 hectares.<br>En digital virkesmarknad är en webbplats där skogsägaren kan nå ut till flera olika virkesköpare vid försäljning av virke, köpare somskogsägarna i vanliga fall inte nått ut till. Här finns även offentliga prislistor från flera köpare samlade och detta kan på så sätt leda till en trasparantare virkesmarknad. Frågan är om skogsägare i Sverige är intresserade av att sälja virke genom en digital virkesmarknad, där olika bud kan jämföras. Om skogsägarna är det, vilka skogsägare är i så fall öppna för en digitaliserad marknad och vilka vill fortsätta sälja på traditionellt sätt. För att ta reda på hur intresset ser ut, har en webbenkät publicerats på Internet där skogsägare från hela Sverige kunnat fylla i enkäten. Totalt svarade 173 skogsägare. Deras svar har sedan sammanställts och analyserats för att se vad som skiljer skogsägare som är intresserade av att sälja virke genom en digital virkesmarknad från de som hellre säljer virke på traditionellt sätt. Studien visade att majoriteten (72 %) av skogsägarna var intresserade av att sälja virke genom en digital virkesmarknad. De skogsägare som skulle kunna tänka sig använda en digital virkesmarknad vid försäljning av sitt virke har oftast mindre fastigheter, ingen skoglig utbildning, använder Internet dagligen, ägt skogsfastigheten mindre än 10år och därmed gjort färre virkesaffärer. De som inte skulle kunna tänka sig använda en digital virkesmarknad vid försäljning av sitt virke är oftast över 70år, fastigheten är på över 300ha och gjort fler än 30 virkesaffärer.
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ITAYA, Akemi, 明美 板谷, Shin-Ichi YAMAMOTO, and 進一 山本. "Development of a digital orthophoto generation system for analysis of forest canopy dynamics." 名古屋大学農学部付属演習林, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/8523.
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Bater, Christopher William. "Assessing indicators of forest sustainability using lidar remote sensing." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/599.
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The Province of British Columbia is developing a suite of attributes to assess and monitor forest sustainability. Each attribute is in turn evaluated using a variety of indicators. Recently, digital remote sensing technologies have emerged as both alternative and supplement to traditional monitoring techniques, with light detection and ranging (lidar) in particular showing great promise for estimating a variety of indicators. The goal of this thesis was to review and assess the ability of lidar to estimate selected indicators of forest sustainability. Specifically, digital elevation model (DEM) interpolation (from which indicators are extracted both directly and indirectly) and wildlife tree class distributions were examined.
Digital elevation models are a key derivative of lidar data, and their generation is a critical step in the data processing stream. A validation exercise was undertaken to determine which combination of interpolation routine and spatial resolution was the most accurate. Ground returns were randomly subsetted into prediction and validation datasets. Linear, quintic, natural neighbour, spline with tension, regularized spline, inverse distance weighting, and ANUDEM interpolation routines were used to generate surfaces at spatial resolutions of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 m. The 0.5 m natural neighbour surface was found to be the most accurate (RMSE=0.17 m). Classification and regression tree analysis indicated that slope and ground return density were the best predictors of interpolation error.
The amount and variability of living and dead wood in a forest stand is an important indicator of forest biodiversity. In the second study, the capacity of lidar to estimate the distribution of living and dead trees within forests is investigated. Twenty-two field plots were established in which each stem (DBH>10cm) was assigned to a wildlife tree (WT) class. For each plot, a suite of lidar-derived predictor variables were extracted. Ordinal logistic regression was then employed to predict the cumulative proportions of stems within the WT classes. Results indicated that the coefficient of variation of the lidar height data was the best predictor variable (r = 0.85, p <0.000, RMSE = 4.9%). The derived relationships allowed for the prediction of the proportion of stems within WT classes across the landscape.
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Key, Thomas Lee. "An evaluation of the relative value of spectral and phenological information for tree crown classification of digital images in the eastern deciduous forest /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1998. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=107.
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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 1998.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 51 p. : col. ill., col. map. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 32-34).
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Olthof, Ian. "Development of a forest health index using high-resolution remotely-sensed multispectral digital imagery." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0017/MQ48405.pdf.
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Pryor, David D. "Analysis of light environments under forest canopies using an Integrated Digital Hemispherical Imaging System." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536456.
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Oliveira, Matheus Felipe. "Mapeamento digital de solos da quadrícula de Ribeirão Preto - SP pelo método Random Forest /." Jaboticabal, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154733.
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Orientador: José Eduardo Corá<br>Banca: Célia Regina Paes Bueno<br>Banca: Waldir de Carvalho Junior<br>Banca: Antonio Sérgio Ferraudo<br>Resumo: O presente estudo buscou desenvolver um modelo capaz de compreender as relações solo-paisagem para a predição de classes de solo das folhas do IBGE de Ribeirão Preto, Serrana, Cravinhos e Bonfim Paulista, que constituem a quadrícula de Ribeirão Preto. Para isto, foram utilizadas informações contidas em um mapa pedológico convencional semidetalhado na escala 1:100.000, um Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE) com resolução espacial de 30 metros, além do mapa geológico na escala 1:50.000. Do mapa geológico foi obtida a litologia e do MDE, foram obtidas as variáveis geomorfométricas por meio de técnicas de geoprocessamento. Todas essas informações foram relacionadas em uma matriz, de onde foram selecionadas três amostragens estratificadas de acordo com a área das classes, extraindo-se dados para treino e teste, que foram utilizados para aplicação em modelos do método Random Forest e avaliação da acurácia. Foram testados diferentes ajustes, com aplicação dos modelos nas classes no segundo e terceiro nível categórico. Com uma amostragem que compreende apenas 0,43% do total da área, o modelo para o segundo nível categórico apresentou uma exatidão global de 62,5%, com o mapa digital de solos apresentando uma persistência de 70,63% das classes do mapa original, valores maiores do que os apresentados para o terceiro nível categórico, com exatidão global de 57,1% e persistência de 44,24%. As variáveis mais importantes na compreensão das relações solo-paisagem foram Litologia, Elevação, Declividade e Distância da rede de drenagem. O estudo mostrou que a metodologia empregada é capaz de contribuir para criação de mapas de solo, com a possibilidade de ser empregado em áreas onde não há informações de solos pré-existentes, de maneira rápida e menos onerosa, auxiliando o trabalho dos pedólogos<br>Abstract: This study aimed to develop a model to understand the soil-landscape relationships to predict soil classes of topographic sheets of IBGE from Ribeirão Preto, Serrana, Cravinhos and Bonfim Paulista, constituting the grid Ribeirão Preto. For this, we used information included in a conventional semi-detailed soil map at 1:100,000 scale, a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with a spatial resolution of 30 meters, in addition to the geological map at 1: 50,000 scale. From geological map was obtained lithology and from MDE were obtained the geomorphometric variables through geoprocessing techniques. All this information was linked in a matrix, from which they were selected three stratified sampling according to the area of classes, extracting data for training and testing, which were used for use in models of Random Forest method and evaluation of accuracy. Adjustments were tested with application of models in classes on the second and third categorical level. With a sample comprising only 0.43% of the total area, the model for the second categorical level had an overall accuracy of 62.5%, with the digital soil map showing a persistence of 70.63% of classes from original map, higher values than those presented for the third categorical level, with an overall accuracy of 57.1% and persistence of 44.24%. The most important variables in understanding the soil-landscape relationships were Lithology, Elevation, Slope Distance and drainage network. The study showed that the method is able to contribute to the creation of soil maps, with the possibility of being employed in areas where there is no pre-existing soil information quickly and less costly way, assisting the work of soil scientists<br>Mestre
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Oliveira, Matheus Felipe [UNESP]. "Mapeamento digital de solos da quadrícula de Ribeirão Preto - SP pelo método Random Forest." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154733.
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000881014.pdf: 6148920 bytes, checksum: 5c7e453ecdfb25f9189e533208588ad1 (MD5)<br>O presente estudo buscou desenvolver um modelo capaz de compreender as relações solo-paisagem para a predição de classes de solo das folhas do IBGE de Ribeirão Preto, Serrana, Cravinhos e Bonfim Paulista, que constituem a quadrícula de Ribeirão Preto. Para isto, foram utilizadas informações contidas em um mapa pedológico convencional semidetalhado na escala 1:100.000, um Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE) com resolução espacial de 30 metros, além do mapa geológico na escala 1:50.000. Do mapa geológico foi obtida a litologia e do MDE, foram obtidas as variáveis geomorfométricas por meio de técnicas de geoprocessamento. Todas essas informações foram relacionadas em uma matriz, de onde foram selecionadas três amostragens estratificadas de acordo com a área das classes, extraindo-se dados para treino e teste, que foram utilizados para aplicação em modelos do método Random Forest e avaliação da acurácia. Foram testados diferentes ajustes, com aplicação dos modelos nas classes no segundo e terceiro nível categórico. Com uma amostragem que compreende apenas 0,43% do total da área, o modelo para o segundo nível categórico apresentou uma exatidão global de 62,5%, com o mapa digital de solos apresentando uma persistência de 70,63% das classes do mapa original, valores maiores do que os apresentados para o terceiro nível categórico, com exatidão global de 57,1% e persistência de 44,24%. As variáveis mais importantes na compreensão das relações solo-paisagem foram Litologia, Elevação, Declividade e Distância da rede de drenagem. O estudo mostrou que a metodologia empregada é capaz de contribuir para criação de mapas de solo, com a possibilidade de ser empregado em áreas onde não há informações de solos pré-existentes, de maneira rápida e menos onerosa, auxiliando o trabalho dos pedólogos<br>This study aimed to develop a model to understand the soil-landscape relationships to predict soil classes of topographic sheets of IBGE from Ribeirão Preto, Serrana, Cravinhos and Bonfim Paulista, constituting the grid Ribeirão Preto. For this, we used information included in a conventional semi-detailed soil map at 1:100,000 scale, a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with a spatial resolution of 30 meters, in addition to the geological map at 1: 50,000 scale. From geological map was obtained lithology and from MDE were obtained the geomorphometric variables through geoprocessing techniques. All this information was linked in a matrix, from which they were selected three stratified sampling according to the area of classes, extracting data for training and testing, which were used for use in models of Random Forest method and evaluation of accuracy. Adjustments were tested with application of models in classes on the second and third categorical level. With a sample comprising only 0.43% of the total area, the model for the second categorical level had an overall accuracy of 62.5%, with the digital soil map showing a persistence of 70.63% of classes from original map, higher values than those presented for the third categorical level, with an overall accuracy of 57.1% and persistence of 44.24%. The most important variables in understanding the soil-landscape relationships were Lithology, Elevation, Slope Distance and drainage network. The study showed that the method is able to contribute to the creation of soil maps, with the possibility of being employed in areas where there is no pre-existing soil information quickly and less costly way, assisting the work of soil scientists
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Gillin, Cody Palmer. "Digital terrain analysis to predict soil spatial patterns at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50818.
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Topographic analysis using digital elevation models (DEMs) has become commonplace in soil and hydrologic modeling and analysis and there has been considerable assessment of the effects of grid resolution on topographic metrics using DEMs of 10 m resolution or coarser. However, examining fine-scale (i.e., 1-10 m) soil and hydrological variability of headwater catchments may require higher-resolution data that has only recently become available, and both DEM accuracy and the effects of different high-resolution DEMs on topographic metrics are relatively unknown. This study has two principle research components. First, an error analysis of two high-resolution DEMs derived from light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data covering the same headwater catchment was conducted to assess the applicability of such DEMs for modeling fine-scale environmental phenomena. Second, one LiDAR-derived DEM was selected for computing topographic metrics to predict fine-scale functional soil units termed hydropedological units (HPUs). HPU development is related to topographic and surface/subsurface heterogeneity resulting in distinct hydrologic flowpaths leading to variation of soil morphological expression. Although the two LiDAR datasets differed with respect to data collection methods and nominal post-spacing of ground returns, DEMs interpolated from each LiDAR dataset exhibited similar error. Grid resolution affected DEM-delineated catchment boundaries and the value of computed topographic metrics. The best topographic metrics for predicting HPUs were the topographic wetness index, bedrock-weighted upslope accumulated area, and Euclidean distance from bedrock. Predicting the spatial distribution of HPUs may provide a more comprehensive understanding of hydrological and biogeochemical functionality of headwater systems.<br>Master of Science
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Olthof, Ian Carleton University Dissertation Geography. "Development of a forest health index using high-resolution remotely- sensed multispectral digital imagery." Ottawa, 1999.
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Kamaruddin, Mohammad Halmi. "The potential of interferometric synthetic aperture radar digital surface models for mapping forest vertical structure." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416309.
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Oliveira, Raquel Alves de [UNESP]. "Generation of hyperspectral digital surface model in forest areas using hyperspectral 2D frame camera onboard RPAS." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152245.
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Previous issue date: 2017-06-29<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)<br>Recentemente, os sensores hiperespectrais miniaturizados entraram no mercado e alguns modelos adquirem bandas hiperespectrais com geometria de quadro, com a vantagem de serem também operados em veículos aéreos remotamente pilotados (VARP). As imagens deste tipo de câmara podem ser utilizadas para a geração de modelos digitais de superfície hiperespectral (MDSHs) de alta resolução, usando o VARP, sem a necessidade do registro de dados de diferentes sensores ou diferente datas de aquisição. MDSHs aumentam o conhecimento sobre os alvos, uma vez que permitem modelar a reflectância do alvo utilizando dados provenientes de diferentes direções. Neste trabalho, a câmara hiperespectral de quadro utilizada não adquire todas as bandas instantaneamente, causando um deslocamento entre as bandas devido ao movimento da plataforma. Os principais objetivos deste projeto foram estudar e desenvolver técnicas para a geração de MDSHs em áreas de florestas, investigando e avaliando as principais etapas para o processamento das imagens da câmara hiperespectral de quadro até a geração do MSDH. Considerando que a tecnologia da câmara baseia-se em filtros ajustáveis, o estudo avaliou: a auto-calibração da câmara, verificando o comportamento dos parâmetros de orientação interior em diferentes bandas espectrais; o corregistro das bandas através de transformações geométricas 2D; e a estimativa dos parâmetros de orientação exterior. Em relação à geração do MDS, uma abordagem baseada em correspondência de imagem no espaço do objeto foi desenvolvida, adaptando o método de busca em linha vertical (VLL) para a geração MDSH e foi nomeado como VLL hiperespectral (HVLL). Adicionalmente, o uso de imagens classificadas para a adaptação dos parâmetros de correspondência foi avaliado com o objetivo de melhorar o processo de correspondência para diferentes objetos (HVLLC). Posteriormente, foram utilizadas múltiplas bandas no processo de correspondência de imagens, dados como múltiplos ângulos de visada e informação espectral foram calculados simultaneamente ao processo de correspondência de imagens. A avaliação da qualidade foi realizada comparando-se os MDSs gerados com os produzidos por um software comercial e por dados Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS). Esta investigação demonstrou que a técnica proposta pode ser usada para a geração de modelos 3D integrados aos dados hiperespectrais multiangulares da câmara hiperespectral de quadro. A avaliação de todas as etapas demonstrou que esta tecnologia pode fornecer dados geométricos e espectrais precisos e os MDSHs resultantes possuem potencial para várias aplicações de sensoriamento remoto.<br>Recently, miniaturized hyperspectral sensors, operable from small Remotely Piloted Aerial Systems (RPAS), have entered the market and some of these sensors acquire hyperspectral bands in frame geometry. Images of the lightweight hyperspectral 2D frame camera can be used to generate high-resolution hyperspectral digital surface models (HDSMs), without the registration of data from different sensors or different dates of acquisition. HSDMs increase the knowledge about the targets since it allows modeling the target reflectance using data coming from different directions. In this study, the hyperspectral 2D frame camera used does not acquire all bands instantaneously, causing band misalignment due to the platform motion. The main aims of this project were to study and develop techniques for the generation of HDSMs in forest areas, studying and assessing the main steps to process the hyperspectral 2D frame camera images until the HDSM generation. Considering that the camera technology is based on tunable filters, the study have assessed the orientation and DSM generation steps: the self-calibrating bundle adjustment to verify the behaviour of the interior orientation parameters using different spectral bands; the co-registration of the bands using 2D geometric transformation; the exterior orientation parameter estimation. Regarding to the DSM generation, an approach based on object space image matching was developed, adapting the vertical line locus (VLL) method for HDSM generation, and was named as hyperspectral VLL (HVLL). Additionally, the use of image classification data was investigated in order to adapt the image matching parameters and improve the process of image matching for different objects (hyperspectral VLL classes - HVLLC). Further, multiple bands were used and the spectral and multiangular viewing geometry were computed simultaneously to the image matching method. Quality assessment was performed by comparing to DSMs generated to those produced by commercial software and also by Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) data. This investigation demonstrated that the proposed technique can be used to generate integrated 3D information and multiangular hyperspectral data from hyperspectral 2D frame camera. The assessment of all steps showed that the hyperspectral 2D frame technology can provide accurate geometric and spectral data and the resulting HDSMs have potential for several remote sensing applications.<br>FAPESP: 2013/17787-3<br>FAPESP: 2013/14444-0<br>FAPESP: 2014/24844-6
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Oliveira, Raquel Alves de. "Generation of hyperspectral digital surface model in forest areas using hyperspectral 2D frame camera onboard RPAS /." Presidente Prudente, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152245.
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Orientador: Antonio Maria Garcia Tommaselli<br>Banca: Jorge Antonio Silva Centeno<br>Banca: Veraldo Liesenberg<br>Banca: Maurício Galo<br>Banca: Aluir Porfirio Dal Poz<br>Banca: Eija Honkavaara<br>Resumo: Recentemente, os sensores hiperespectrais miniaturizados entraram no mercado e alguns modelos adquirem bandas hiperespectrais com geometria de quadro, com a vantagem de serem também operados em veículos aéreos remotamente pilotados (VARP). As imagens deste tipo de câmara podem ser utilizadas para a geração de modelos digitais de superfície hiperespectral (MDSHs) de alta resolução, usando o VARP, sem a necessidade do registro de dados de diferentes sensores ou diferente datas de aquisição. MDSHs aumentam o conhecimento sobre os alvos, uma vez que permitem modelar a reflectância do alvo utilizando dados provenientes de diferentes direções. Neste trabalho, a câmara hiperespectral de quadro utilizada não adquire todas as bandas instantaneamente, causando um deslocamento entre as bandas devido ao movimento da plataforma. Os principais objetivos deste projeto foram estudar e desenvolver técnicas para a geração de MDSHs em áreas de florestas, investigando e avaliando as principais etapas para o processamento das imagens da câmara hiperespectral de quadro até a geração do MSDH. Considerando que a tecnologia da câmara baseia-se em filtros ajustáveis, o estudo avaliou: a auto-calibração da câmara, verificando o comportamento dos parâmetros de orientação interior em diferentes bandas espectrais; o corregistro das bandas através de transformações geométricas 2D; e a estimativa dos parâmetros de orientação exterior. Em relação à geração do MDS, uma abordagem baseada em correspondência de ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: Recently, miniaturized hyperspectral sensors, operable from small Remotely Piloted Aerial Systems (RPAS), have entered the market and some of these sensors acquire hyperspectral bands in frame geometry. Images of the lightweight hyperspectral 2D frame camera can be used to generate high-resolution hyperspectral digital surface models (HDSMs), without the registration of data from different sensors or different dates of acquisition. HSDMs increase the knowledge about the targets since it allows modeling the target reflectance using data coming from different directions. In this study, the hyperspectral 2D frame camera used does not acquire all bands instantaneously, causing band misalignment due to the platform motion. The main aims of this project were to study and develop techniques for the generation of HDSMs in forest areas, studying and assessing the main steps to process the hyperspectral 2D frame camera images until the HDSM generation. Considering that the camera technology is based on tunable filters, the study have assessed the orientation and DSM generation steps: the self-calibrating bundle adjustment to verify the behaviour of the interior orientation parameters using different spectral bands; the co-registration of the bands using 2D geometric transformation; the exterior orientation parameter estimation. Regarding to the DSM generation, an approach based on object space image matching was developed, adapting the vertical line locus (VLL) method for HDSM generati... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Doutor
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Ranade, Maitreya. "Tree height estimation with TanDEM-X products : Digital Elevation Model (DEM) andForest/ Non-forest (FNF) Map." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Rymdteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-71216.
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Meyer, Jill E. "Use of a Digital Multispectral Video System and Spectroradiometer for Bottomland Hardwood Forest Remote Sensing: A Jurisdictional Boundary Accuracy Assessment and Radiance Examination." W&M ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617758.
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Bishop, Brian David. "Classification of Plot-Level Fire-Caused Tree Mortality in a Redwood Forest Using Digital Orthophotography and Lidar." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1171.
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Swanton Pacific Ranch is an approximately 1,300 ha working ranch and forest in northern Santa Cruz County, California, managed by California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (Cal Poly). On August 12, 2009, the Lockheed Fire burned 300 ha of forestland, 51% of the forested area on the property, with variable fire intensity and mortality. This study used existing inventory data from 47 permanent 0.08 ha (1/5 ac) plots to compare the accuracy of classifying mortality resulting from the fire using digital multispectral imagery and LiDAR. The percent mortality of trees at least 25.4 cm (10”) DBH was aggregated to three classes (0-25, 25-50, and 50-100%). Three separate Classification Analysis and Regression Tree (CART) models were created to classify plot mortality. The first used the best imagery predictor variable of those considered, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) calculated from 2010 National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP) aerial imagery, with shadowed pixel values adjusted, and non-canopy pixels removed. The second used the same NDVI in combination with selected variables from post-fire LiDAR data collected in 2010. The third used the same NDVI in combination with selected variables from differenced LiDAR data calculated using post-fire LiDAR and pre-fire LiDAR collected in 2008. The imagery alone was 74% accurate; the imagery and post-fire LiDAR model was 85% accurate, while the imagery and differenced LiDAR model was 83% accurate. These findings indicate that remote sensing data can accurately estimate post-fire mortality, and that the addition of LiDAR data to imagery may yield only modest improvement.
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Simbi, Nadia, and Koukouvinou Panagiota. "Managing Open Digital Technology in the Cluster Environment : A case study of the Cluster of Forest Technology." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160771.
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The role of open innovation is becoming increasingly important for organizational competitiveness, while digital technologies provide new opportunities for organizational innovativeness. Regardless of domain and industry, digital technologies have reshaped structure, business logic and organizational dynamics. In that spirit, the forestry industry moves from the traditional model to the open paradigm, embracing the significance of purposive external exploration and internal exploitation of knowledge and technologies. Although the importance of digital technologies has been highlighted by academia, their enabling role in the open innovation process is insufficiently explored. Moreover, little research showcases the systematic way to organize for open innovation in the digital world. This process towards openness creates new opportunities as well as challenges. In order to investigate these emerging challenges and opportunities for open innovation in a digital world, we conducted a qualitative exploratory case study in the Cluster of Forest Technology in northern Sweden. Our results illustrate that challenges such as trust, power asymmetries, knowledge flow and coopetitive activities need to be managed. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing a way to address these challenges, seize more opportunities and bridge the gap between open innovation and digital technologies.
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Murphy, Maria. "Digital Transformation for Crisis Volunteerism : A study in the aftermath of the Swedish Forest Fires Crisis in 2018." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Informationssystem och digitalisering, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176915.
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In the summer of 2018, Sweden was taken by surprise and engulfed by forest fires on an unprecedented scale. Various forms of crisis volunteerism (CV) proved essential in the large scale response that ensued. Previous information systems (IS) research gives insights, both theoretically and practically, on the potential of IS and digitalisation to enhance and support crisis response. However, the forest fires demonstrated that CV practices and practitioners in Sweden have practically no such support. CV is, in other words, an essential part of the crisis response system, but unsupported by dedicated digitalisation. The aim of this thesis is therefore to understand what is required to enable a digital transformation (DT) that will significantly improve CV practice and the overall crisis response system. Sweden is not unique in this respect. From an international perspective, IS research devotes much attention to the area of crisis response. However, this is most commonly done using the perspective and needs of crisis management stakeholders as a departing point. Also, despite research on and the availability of IS solutions, the degree of practical implementation would appear to be low. This thesis is therefore also based on the perceived knowledge gap that the lack of IS and digitalisation supporting CV is, in part, a result of the lack of research focus on volunteer stakeholders and the CV practice itself. Another gap noted is the lack of knowledge regarding the real-world practice of CV which contributes to undermining the development and use of IS solutions for CV. This thesis, therefore, provides a much needed holistic understanding of real-world CV. This understanding moves the perspective of volunteer stakeholders to the forefront without losing the perspective of crisis management. This has been done via an empirical study in the aftermath of the Swedish forest fires crisis as well as via studies of international IS literature on crisis response and CV. This has resulted in a unique holistic and comprehensive model that relates to the complexity, dynamics and emergence involved in CV practice. Via this model it is possible to relate specific parts or aspects of CV practice, to the whole practice area and continue modelling attributes in greater detail, as required, depending on DT or IS design needs. Underlying the focus in this thesis lies a mild critique of previous IS research with more reductionist approaches, whereby the relevance of broader contextual understandings has been downplayed. The thesis aligns with perspectives on digitalisation and IS design, proposing the relevance of developing broader holistic understandings of research topics. That is, understandings that have greater potential to reveal how phenomena come into being and are adapted in environmental contexts. DT is understood in terms of a process whereby broader understandings of phenomena are used to identify needs (triggers), strategies and capabilities that will inform IS design initiatives. An analytical framework depicting this process and its main components and relationships has been designed in this thesis to contribute to an understanding of what is required to digitally transform CV practice. In summary, the thesis provides a new holistic approach and understanding for the CV practice area and how it may be digitally transformed. The thesis also contributes to a new perspective on DT, applied to a complex and non-organisation based setting. This knowledge is of relevance to both practitioners and IS researchers in crisis response and CV. The CV practice meta-model and the analytical framework for digital transformation can be used to enable and inform future digital transformation strategies and policy in Sweden and internationally. They can also contribute to guiding the initiation of practical IS design initiatives, with greater potential to enhance and improve both CV and overall crisis response. The research was performed within the information systems (IS) discipline.
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Johansson, Frida L. "Skogen : En studie kring känsla av närhet." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-18823.
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Denna rapport presenterar en studie som gjorts i samarbete med Södra Skogsägarna. Syftet med studien var att skapa en förståelse för vilka pragmatiska och hedoniska aspekter som påverkar hur skogsägare känner närhet till sin skog och hur dessa aspekter skulle kunna implementeras/realiseras vid utvecklandet av en digital karta över skogen. Genom en kvalitativ studie utifrån en fenomenologisk metodansats kunde en holistisk bild skapas över skogsägare och hur de upplevde känsla av närhet till sin skog. Datainsamlingen bestod av både enkät, intervjuer och fältobservationer som sedan analyserades genom bottom-up och top-down tekniken med hjälp av affinitetsdiagram. Resultatet visar exempelvis att en känsla av närhet är starkt förknippad med att känna ansvar och att kunna påverka kartan utifrån varje enskild skogsägares behov. Studien visar även att en känsla av närhet är nära sammankopplat med egennamn och generation då egennamnen ofta härstammar från tidigare generationer. Skogen används också till rekreation eftersom skogsägare och andra människor mår bra av att vistas i skog och natur. Välmående bidrar då till en ökad känsla av närhet till skogen. Resultatet av studien kommer ligga till grund för kommande utvecklingsprojekt hos Södra Skogsägarna där den digitala kartan i Södras app kommer att ses över. Studien presenterar även UX-mål som bör beaktas vid skapandet av en digital karta för att frambringa känsla av närhet till skogen hos skogsägare. Slutsatsen av studien visar att det är både de pragmatiska och hedoniska aspekterna som tillsammans skapar en helhetsupplevelse av skogen för skogsägare. Denna studie bidrar även med en djupare förståelse och utveckling av begreppet känsla av närhet, för vad och hur skogsägare upplever känsla av närhet till sin skog. Med tanke på dagens snabba teknikutveckling borde framtida forskning fokusera på i vilken utsträckning visualiseringar av skogen kan bidra till ökad känsla av närhet till skogen för skogsägare och om det hos skogsägare finns skillnader mellan genus i hur känsla av närhet till skogen skapas.<br>This report presents a study done in collaboration with Södra Skogsägarna. The aim of the study was to create an understanding of the pragmatic and hedonic aspects that affect how forest owners feel proximity to their forest and how these aspects could be implemented / realized when developing a digital map of the forest. Through a qualitative study based on a phenomenological method approach, a holistic picture could be created of forest owners and how they experienced sense of place to their forest. The data collection consisted of survey, interviews and field observations, which then were analyzed by bottom-up and top-down technology using affinity diagrams. The result shows, for example, that a sense of place is strongly associated with feeling responsibility and being able to influence the map based on the needs of each individual forest owner. The study also shows that a sense of place is closely associated with proper names and generation, since the proper names often originate from previous generations. The forest is also used for recreation because forest owners and other people feel good about staying in the forest and nature. Well-being then contributes to an increased sense of place to the forest. The results of the study will form the basis for future development projects at Södra Skogsägarna, where the digital map in Södra's app will be reviewed. The study also presents UX goals that should be taken into account when creating a digital map to create a sense of place to the forest among forest owners. The conclusion of the study shows that it is both the pragmatic and hedonic aspects that together create a holistic experience of the forest for forest owners. This study also contributes to a deeper understanding and development of the concept of sense of place, for what and how forest owners experience a sense of place to their forest. Given today's rapid technological development, future research should focus on the extent to which visualizations of the forest can contribute to increased sense of place to the forest for forest owners and whether there are differences between genders in how forest owners create a sense of place to the forest.
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Lincoln, Philippa R. "Stalled gaps or rapid recovery the influence of damage on post-logging forest dynamics and carbon balance /." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=24813.
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Manokaran, N. "Population dynamics of tropical forest trees." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 1988. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=59678.
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Macaulay, Lisa Ann University of Ballarat. "The floristic composition and regeneration characteristics of Buloke (Allocasuarina luehmannii) woodland of the Wimmera, Victoria." University of Ballarat, 2006. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/12768.
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"The pre-settlement distribution and character of Wimmera Buloke woodlands are described based on historical data including early parish plans. It is suggested the open structure of these woodlands was maintained by relatively frequent fire. The floristic composition of the most intact Wimmera Buloke woodland remnants was intensively surveyed. Five floristic communities are described based on computer-based analysis of species presence data. Eight 'pre-settlement Buloke woodland types' are described based on surface soil texture categories and average annual rainfall zones. Native daisies, chenopods and shrubs are components of the understory that differentiate the 'pre-settlement Buloke woodland types'. [...] A series of experiments was undertaken with the aim of determinig the factors responsible for the paucity of Allocasuarina luehmannii regeneration in remnant Wimmera bushland."<br>Master of Applied Science
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Macaulay, Lisa Ann. "The floristic composition and regeneration characteristics of Buloke (Allocasuarina luehmannii) woodland of the Wimmera, Victoria." Thesis, University of Ballarat, 2006. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/65156.
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"The pre-settlement distribution and character of Wimmera Buloke woodlands are described based on historical data including early parish plans. It is suggested the open structure of these woodlands was maintained by relatively frequent fire. The floristic composition of the most intact Wimmera Buloke woodland remnants was intensively surveyed. Five floristic communities are described based on computer-based analysis of species presence data. Eight 'pre-settlement Buloke woodland types' are described based on surface soil texture categories and average annual rainfall zones. Native daisies, chenopods and shrubs are components of the understory that differentiate the 'pre-settlement Buloke woodland types'. [...] A series of experiments was undertaken with the aim of determinig the factors responsible for the paucity of Allocasuarina luehmannii regeneration in remnant Wimmera bushland."<br>Master of Applied Science
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Macaulay, Lisa Ann. "The floristic composition and regeneration characteristics of Buloke (Allocasuarina luehmannii) woodland of the Wimmera, Victoria." University of Ballarat, 2006. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/14602.
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"The pre-settlement distribution and character of Wimmera Buloke woodlands are described based on historical data including early parish plans. It is suggested the open structure of these woodlands was maintained by relatively frequent fire. The floristic composition of the most intact Wimmera Buloke woodland remnants was intensively surveyed. Five floristic communities are described based on computer-based analysis of species presence data. Eight 'pre-settlement Buloke woodland types' are described based on surface soil texture categories and average annual rainfall zones. Native daisies, chenopods and shrubs are components of the understory that differentiate the 'pre-settlement Buloke woodland types'. [...] A series of experiments was undertaken with the aim of determinig the factors responsible for the paucity of Allocasuarina luehmannii regeneration in remnant Wimmera bushland."<br>Master of Applied Science
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Roza, Willian Samuel Santana da. "APLICAÇÃO DO CLASSIFICADOR SVM E DADOS ALTIMÉTRICOS NA ESPACIALIZAÇÃO DE CLASSES DE VEGETAÇÃO NUMA PORÇÃO LITORÂNEA DO ESTADO DO PARANÁ." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2014. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/629.
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Previous issue date: 2014-03-27<br>The Atlantic Forest displays many functions that ensure the quality of life for many Brazilians and corresponds to one of the 34 hotspots of biodiversity in the world. In the State of Paraná, areas with the largest remnants of Atlantic Forest are located in the eastern portion of the state, which correspond to the Dense Tropical Rainforest (DTR); it presents the following physiognomic units: ecological forest, alluvial, lowland, submontane, montane and upper montane and non-forest represented by pioneer formations: mangroves, salt fields, salt marshes and refuges vegetation. This study seeks to test strategies to spatialize forest and non-forest remnants of ecological physiognomic units of DTR in the southeastern portion of the State of Paraná. In order to spatialize the vegetation, digital classification through the algorithm Support Vector Machines (SVM) was used. Tests were conducted on Landsat 5 TM spectral bands and ancillary altitude data such as the DEM (Digital Elevation Model) and ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission Reflection Radiometer) with its byproducts, namely slope and altimetric tracks. First tests were undertaken only with the spectral bands, followed by ones with the spectral bands and ancillary altitude data; and finally the last ones with different SVM settings. To calculate the accuracy of the classified images through Kappa Index (KI) and Confusion Matrix (CM), training samples were collected in images from sensors Spot 5 and P6LIS3, and altitude was verified by means of DEM SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission). After visual analysis, overall results and classes corresponding to the results from classified images, it was found that just with the spectral bands it was not possible to spatialize forest remnants from ecological physiognomic units of DTR. I was concluded that the separation between the classes of DTR (upper montane, montane, submontane and lowland) was not adequate. But, still observed through visual analysis, there was an accuracy improvement in digital classification when using spectral bands plus DEM ASTER. It seems that the most appropriate result from visual analysis and accuracy of the classified images were obtained through classifying spectral bands over altimetric tracks, enabling GIS to measure the values of the areas in the physiognomic units of DTR. It is noteworthy that all classifications were appropriate, however with the auxiliary altitude data, accuracy was increased in visual analysis, IK and MC by the aid of comparing them to altimetric tracks that define the position of the vegetation according to relief classes as addressed by Veloso, Rangel Filho and Lima (1991). This study serves as a resource for identifying, spatializing and mapping the distribution of forest and non-forest remnants in the southeastern portion of the Paraná DTR. This region encompasses several protected areas, located at both floodplains and slopes of the coastal mountain range.<br>A Mata Atlântica possui diversas funções que garantem a qualidade de vida de inúmeros brasileiros, sendo que corresponde a um dos 34 hotspots de biodiversidade do mundo. No Paraná, as áreas que apresentam os maiores remanescentes de Mata Atlântica estão situadas na porção leste do estado, as quais correspondem à Floresta Ombrófila Densa (FOD), que apresenta as seguintes unidades fisionômicas ecológicas florestais: aluvial, terras baixas, submontana, montana e alto-montana; e as não florestais, representadas pelas formações pioneiras: manguezais, campos salinos, restingas e refúgios vegetacionais. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo testar estratégias para espacializar os remanescentes florestais e não florestais das unidades fisionômicas ecológicas da porção sudeste da FOD do estado do Paraná. Para espacializar a vegetação, optou-se pela classificação digital mediante o algoritmo Support Vector Machines (SVM), com o qual se realizaram testes com as bandas espectrais Landsat 5 TM e dados auxiliares de altitude, como o MDE (Modelo Digital de Elevação) ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission Reflection Radiometer) e seus subprodutos, declividade e faixas altimétricas. Realizaram-se os primeiros testes somente com as bandas espectrais, em seguida com as bandas espectrais e dados auxiliares de altitude e, por último, os testes com diferentes configurações de SVM. Para calcular a acuracidade mediante Índice Kappa (IK) e Matriz de Confusão (MC) das imagens classificadas, amostras de treinamento foram coletadas em imagens do sensor Spot 5 e P6LIS3, sendo que se verificou a altitude mediante MDE SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission). Após as análises visuais, acuracidades globais e de classes correspondentes aos resultados das imagens classificadas, constatou-se que somente com as bandas espectrais não é possível espacializar os remanescentes florestais das unidades fisionômicas ecológicas da FOD, pois a separação entre as classes da FOD (alto-montana, montana, submontana e terras baixas) não foi adequada. Porém, quando da classificação digital com as bandas espectrais mais MDE ASTER, contata-se, mediante a análise visual e acuracidade das imagens classificadas, que o resultado melhorou. Nota-se que o resultado mais adequado a partir das análises visuais e acuracidade das imagens classificadas foi obtido mediante a classificação com as bandas espectrais mais faixas altimétricas, possibilitando, em SIG, mensurar os valores de áreas das unidades fisionômicas ecológicas florestais da FOD. Constata-se que todas as classificações são adequadas, no entanto, com os dados auxiliares de altitude, a acuracidade aumenta tanto pela análise visual quanto pelos IK e MC, mediante a comparação com as faixas altimétricas que definem a posição da vegetação de acordo com as classes do relevo abordadas por Veloso, Rangel Filho e Lima (1991). O presente trabalho serve como subsídio para a identificação, espacialização e mapeamentos dos remanescentes florestais e não florestais da porção sudeste da FOD do Paraná que abrangem várias unidades de conservação, situadas tanto na planície aluvial quanto nas encostas da Serra do Mar.
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Akpa, Stephen Itolo Chibuzo. "Densification of spatially-sparse legacy soil data at a national scale: a digital mapping approach." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15730.
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Digital soil mapping (DSM) is a viable approach to providing spatial soil information but its adoption at the national scale, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, is limited by low spread of data. Therefore, the focus of this thesis is on optimizing DSM techniques for densification of sparse legacy soil data using Nigeria as a case study. First, the robustness of Random Forest model (RFM) was tested in predicting soil particle-size fractions as a compositional data using additive log-ratio technique. Results indicated good prediction accuracy with RFM while soils are largely coarse-textured especially in the northern region. Second, soil organic carbon (SOC) and bulk density (BD) were predicted from which SOC density and stock were calculated. These were overlaid with land use/land cover (LULC), agro-ecological zone (AEZ) and soil maps to quantify the carbon sequestration of soils and their variation across different AEZs. Results showed that 6.5 Pg C with an average of 71.60 Mg C ha–1 abound in the top 1 m soil depth. Furthermore, to improve the performance of BD and effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) pedotransfer functions (PTFs), the inclusion of environmental data was explored using multiple linear regression (MLR) and RFM. Results showed an increase in performance of PTFs with the use of soil and environmental data. Finally, the application of Choquet fuzzy integral (CI) technique in irrigation suitability assessment was assessed. This was achieved through multi-criteria analysis of soil, climatic, landscape and socio-economic indices. Results showed that CI is a better aggregation operator compared to weighted mean technique. A total of 3.34 x 106 ha is suitable for surface irrigation in Nigeria while major limitations are due to topographic and soil attributes. Research findings will provide quantitative basis for framing appropriate policies on sustainable food production and environmental management, especially in resource-poor countries of the world.
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Richards, Mark L. A. "Modelling competition amongst individual trees in Caledonian Forest." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2007. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=24803.
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Andersson, Erik. "Noggrannhet och precision vid beståndsuppskattning av mobilapplikationen KATAM." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-86142.
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Syftet med arbetet var att utvärdera mobilapplikationen KATAM avseende noggrannhet, tidsåtgång, precision och praktisk användning i jämförelse med volymuppskattning med dataklave och skördarrapport. Resultatet vid diameterjämförelsen visar på snarlika uppskattningar från KATAM respektive dataklaven. KATAM hade högre medelgrundyta, 7 % och grövre medeldiameter, 3,7 %, i jämförelse med dataklaven. KATAM hade även överskattningar av medelstammen volym i jämförelse med skördarrapporten och dataklaven, från 2,5 % till 17,6 % beroende på vilket urval av provytor och vilken programversion av KATAM som användes. Underlaget från volymuppskattningar var litet och hade felkällor vilket gjorde resultaten från mätningarna osäkra. Trots att studien visade på en överskattning av diametern talar den inbördes precisionen för att KATAM skulle kunna bli ett alternativ till Dataklaven vid uppskattning av medeldiametern.<br>The purpose of this essay was to evaluate the mobile application KATAM of accuracy, time, precision and practical use in comparison to volume estimation with data Digital Caliper and harvester report. The result of the diameter comparison showed similar estimates from KATAM and the Digital Caliper respectively. KATAM had a higher mean basel area, 7% and coarser mean diameter, 3.7%, compared to the Digital Caliper. KATAM also had overestimations in volume as compared to the harvesting report and the Digital Caliper concerning the mean stem, from 2.5% to 17.6%, depending on which sample areas were included and which version of KATAM was used. However, the basis of volume estimates was small and had error sources, which made the results of the measurements uncertain. Although the study shows an overestimation of the diameter, the mutual precision indicates that KATAM could be an alternative to the Digital Caliper when estimating the mean diameter.
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Mizunuma, Toshie. "Seasonal patterns of forest canopy and their relevance for the global carbon cycle." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10446.
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In the terrestrial biosphere forests have a significant role as a carbon sink. Under recent climate change, it is increasingly important to detect seasonal change or ‘phenology’ that can influence the global carbon cycle. Monitoring canopies using camera systems has offered an inexpensive means to quantify the phenological changes. However, the reliability is not well known. In order to examine the usefulness of cameras to observe forest phenology, we analysed canopy images taken in two deciduous forests in Japan and England and investigate which colour index is best for tracking forest phenology and predict carbon uptake by trees. A camera test using model leaves under controlled conditions has also carried out to examine sensitivity of colour indices for discriminating leaf colours. The main findings of the present study are: 1) Time courses of colour indices derived from images taken in deciduous forests showed typical patterns throughout the growing season. Although cameras are not calibrated instrument, analysis of images allowed detecting the timings of phenological events such as leaf onset and leaf fall; 2) The strength of the green channel (or chromatic coordinate of green) was useful to observe leaf expansion as well as damage by spring late frost. However, the results of the camera test using model leaves suggested that this index was not sufficiently sensitive to detect leaf senescence. Amongst colour indices, Hue was the most robust metric for different cameras, different atmospheric conditions and different distances. The test also revealed Hue was useful to track nitrogen status of leaves; 3) Modelling results using a light use efficiency model for GPP showed a strong relationship between GPP and Hue, which was stronger than the relationships using alternative traditional indices.
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BERNINI, Thiago Andrade. "Utiliza??o de imagens ALOS/PALSAR no mapeamento digital de atributos f?sicos dos solos." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2317.
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Previous issue date: 2016-02-26<br>CAPES<br>The survey and analysis of the spatial distribution of soil attributes through geostatistics tools are essential for agricultural land use according to soil capability. The images of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) have great potential for soil moisture estimation and, thus, these sensors can assist in mapping the physical-hydric and physical properties of soils. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the potential use of radar images (microwave) ALOS/PALSAR on the identification of soils in an area of the Botucatu formation, dominated by sandy and medium texture soils in the municipality of Mineiros, Goi?s State, Brazil. The area has approximately 946 hectares, with the relief of the region ranging from plain to low undulating hills and the geology of the area is composed basically by sandstones of the Botucatu formation. In the present study there were sampled 84 points for calibration and 25 points for validation, collected in the depths of 0-20 cm and 60-80 cm. The soil samples were analyzed for the determination of sand, silt, clay, field capacity (CC), permanent wilting point (PMP) and total water available (AD). For the development of the work were acquired ALOS/PALSAR radar images of five dates and different polarizations, totaling 14 images, which were processed for the geographic and radiometric corrections, using a DEM. Were also generated covariates of terrain attributes: high (ELEV), slope (DECLIV), relative position of the slope (PR-DECL), vertical distance of the drainage channel (DVCD), ls factor (FACTOR-LS) and Euclidean distance (D-EUCL). Prediction of soil attributes was performed using Random Forest methods (RF) and Random Forest Kriging (RFK), having as predictive covariates the radar imaging and terrain attributes. Image processing of the ALOS/PALSAR radar images enabled the geographical and radiometric corrections, transforming the data into backscatter coefficient (??) in units of dB, corrected by digital elevation model (MDE). The acquired images represented broad range of ?? between the different dates. The soils of the study area are predominantly sandy, with most of the sampled points classified as Neossolos Quartzar?nicos (Entisols), followed by Latossolos (Oxisols). The RF models employed for prediction of physical-hydric and physical attributes of soils provided an analysis of the contribution of these covariates in the predictive models. The landscape attributes that caused the largest impact in the prediction of the studied attributes are related to the altitude. The images of 5/3/2009 (HH1, VV1, HV1 and VH1) and 9/26/2010 (HH3 and HV3), obtained in drier periods, had best correlations with the soil attributes. The analysis of the semivariograms of the RF prediction models residues demonstrated greater spatial dependence in the 60 to 80 cm layer. The Kriging approach coupled with RF model contributed to the improvement of the prediction of sand, clay, CC and PMP. Using ALOS/PALSAR radar images and terrain attributes as covariates in RFK models showed potential to estimate the physical (sand and clay) and physical-hydric (CC and PMP) attributes, which can assist in mapping of soils associated with the Botucatu formation parent materials.<br>O levantamento e a an?lise da espacializa??o dos atributos do solo atrav?s de ferramentas de geoestat?stica s?o fundamentais para que cada hectare de terra seja cultivado segundo as suas reais aptid?es. As imagens de radar de abertura sint?tica (SAR) t?m um grande potencial para a estima??o de umidade do solo e, desta forma, estes sensores podem auxiliar no mapeamento de propriedades f?sicas e f?sico-h?dricas dos solos. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial de utiliza??o de imagens de radar (micro-ondas) ALOS/PALSAR na identifica??o de solos em uma ?rea da Forma??o Botucatu, dominada por solos de textura arenosa e m?dia no munic?pio de Mineiros - GO. A ?rea tem aproximadamente 946 ha, com o relevo da regi?o variando de plano a suave ondulado e geologia da ?rea ? composta basicamente, por Arenitos da Forma??o Botucatu. No presente estudo foram amostrados 84 pontos para calibra??o e 25 pontos para valida??o, coletados nas profundidades de 0-20 cm e 60-80 cm. As amostras de solo analisadas para a determina??o de areia, silte, argila, capacidade de campo (CC), ponto de murcha permanente (PMP) e ?gua total dispon?vel (AD). Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho foram adquiridas imagens de cinco datas e diferentes polariza??es, totalizando 14 imagens, que foram processadas para a corre??o geom?trica e corre??o radiom?trica, utilizando o MDE. Tamb?m foram gerados covari?veis dos atributos do terreno: eleva??o (ELEV), declividade (DECLIV), posi??o relativa da declividade (PR-DECL), dist?ncia vertical do canal de drenagem (DVCD), fator-ls (FATOR-LS) e dist?ncia euclidiana (D-EUCL). A predi??o dos atributos do solo foi realizada utilizando os m?todos Random Forest (RF) e Random Forest Krigagem (RFK), tendo como covari?veis preditoras as imagens de radar e os atributos do terreno. O processamento das imagens do radar ALOS/PALSAR possibilitou as corre??es geom?trica e radiom?trica, transformando os dados em unidades de coeficiente de retroespalhamento (??) corrigidos pelo modelo digital de eleva??o (MDE). As imagens adquiridas representaram de forma ampla as varia??es de ?? ocorridos em diferentes datas. Os solos da ?rea de estudo s?o predominantemente arenosos, com a maioria dos pontos amostrados classificados como NEOSSOLOS QUARTZAR?NICOS, seguidos dos LATOSSOLOS. Os modelos RF empregados para a predi??o dos atributos f?sicos e f?sico-h?dricos dos solos proporcionaram a an?lise da contribui??o das covari?veis preditoras. Os atributos do terreno que exerceram maior influ?ncia na predi??o dos atributos estudados est?o relacionados ? eleva??o. As imagens de 03/05/2009 (HH1, VV1, HV1 e VH1) e 26/09/2010 (HH3 e HV3), obtidas em per?odos mais secos, tiveram melhores correla??es com os atributos do solo. As an?lises dos semivariogramas dos res?duos da predi??o dos modelos RF demonstraram maior depend?ncia espacial na camada de 60 a 80 cm. A abordagem da Krigagem somada ao modelo RF contribu?ram para a melhoria da predi??o dos atributos areia, argila, CC e PMP. O uso de imagens de radar ALOS/PALSAR e atributos do terreno como covari?veis em modelos RFK mostrou potencial para estimar os atributos f?sicos (areia e argila) e f?sico-h?dricos (CC e PMP), que podem auxiliar no mapeamento de solos associados aos materiais de origem da Forma??o Botucatu.
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Sörberg, Sanna, and Mathias Österlund. "Digitaliseringens påverkan på värdeerbjudandet inom skogsbranschen utifrån ett kundperspektiv." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-138353.
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This study examines how digitalization changes the value proposition and the business model within the forest industry from the perspective of the forest owners and how this changes the experienced customer value. Previous studies have focused on how digitalization creates value for the company, and this study contributes to research by giving insights in how the customers perceive a digitalization and is useful in the design of the value proposition and the business model. The Swedish forest industry is highly competitive and the companies have to compete for the wood and forest service jobs, which puts pressure on the wood buyers to offer the best solutions and the best customer experience to be able to compete for the wood. According to a study about digital Customer Experience Management (CEM) maturity, the forest industry is far behind other industries such as finance and retail. The low maturity is due to skepticism and the lack of urgency. However, this is starting to change as some forest companies in Sweden are starting to formulate digital strategies and form dedicated units for digital innovation in order to differentiate their offering and strengthen competitiveness. The problem is that many forest companies do not know how to handle the forest owners, as they are a heterogeneous group with differences in age, internet usage, computer knowledge and customer needs. Another problem is that there is an expressed concern that a digitalization would diminish the personal relationship between the forest owner and the wood buyer, which denotes a fundamental part of the experienced customer value. Former studies show that the key to successful digitalization is to understand what the customers want and what creates the best customer experience. With the base in these problems, this study aims to create understanding for what value the customers experience in digitalization, and how the forest companies can adapt to this. The purpose of this study is to “describe and analyze how the value proposition changes from a customer perspective when the forest business is digitalized”. To answer this a case study has been conducted on the company Holmen Skog in which the experienced customer value has been compared before and after a digitalization using the value proposition and the business model. Customer value is defined as the balance between the perceived benefits and sacrifices and the results show that the forest owners foremost perceive that a digitalization increase the functional and emotional benefits while the sacrifices considering psychological costs and personal investment decrease. The areas where customer value potentially can decrease due to a digitalization are decreased social benefits when the digital transactions exchanges the personal relationship and increased sacrifices in the shape of increased risks, foremost for customers with a low digital maturity. The forest owners are mainly positive to a digitalization, but since there are areas where the customer value potentially could decrease, it is not possible to design a complete value proposition only from customer surveys. The forest companies should rather work agile and stepwise implement small digital changes, performing pilot studies before introduction. Initially the forest companies should focus on digital tools and to inquiry quotes and counselling through digital channels, as the customers perceive the highest value in these digital changes. Furthermore, the forest companies should facilitate and rationalize the work of the wood buyers by giving them an integrated and mobile tool that collects CRM-system, quote tools, and wood measuring tools, both for streamlining and for customer value.<br>Den här studien undersöker hur digitalisering förändrar värdeerbjudandet och affärsmodellen inom skogsbranschen utifrån skogsägarnas perspektiv och hur detta förändrar det upplevda kundvärdet. Tidigare studier har fokuserat på vilket värde en digitalisering skapar för företaget, och denna studie bidrar genom att ge insikter i kundernas syn på en digitalisering och hur detta kan användas för att utforma värdeerbjudandet och affärsmodellen. Skogsbranschen präglas av en hög konkurrens om skogsägarnas virke och skogliga tjänsteuppdrag vilket sätter press på de virkesköpande aktörerna att erbjuda de bästa lösningarna och den bästa kundupplevelsen för att kunna konkurrera om skogsråvaran. Enligt en undersökning kring digital Customer Experience Management (CEM) mognad ligger skogsbranschen efter andra branschen som finans- och detaljhandelsbranschen. Den låga mognaden förklaras bero på skepticism och avsaknad av brådska. Detta har dock börjat förändras då en del skogsbolag har börjat formulera digitala strategier och införa dedicerade enheter för digital innovation för att differentiera sitt erbjudande och skapa konkurrenskraft. Problemet är att de flesta skogsbolag inte vet hur de ska hantera skogsägarna då det är en heterogen kundgrupp där det skiljer stort i ålder, internetanvändning, datorkunskap och kundbehov samt att det finns en uttalad risk i att den personliga relationen mellan virkesköpare och skogsägare kan förringas vid en digitalisering. Tidigare studier visar att nyckeln till en lyckad digitalisering är att förstå vad kunderna vill ha och vad som skapar den bästa kundupplevelsen. Med utgångspunkt i dessa utmaningar avser därmed studien att skapa förståelse för vilket värde kunderna ser i en digitalisering och hur skogsbolagen bör anpassa sig till detta. Syftet med studien är att ”Beskriva och analysera hur värdeerbjudandet förändras ur ett kundvärdesperspektiv då skogsaffären digitaliseras”. För att besvara detta har en fallstudie gjorts på det svenska skogsbolaget Holmen Skog där det upplevda kundvärdet jämförs före och efter en digitalisering utifrån företagets värdeerbjudande och affärsmodell. Kundvärde definieras som avvägningen mellan upplevda fördelar och uppoffringar och resultatet visar att skogsägarna främst upplever att de funktionella och emotionella fördelarna ökar samtidigt som uppoffringar i form av psykologiska kostnaderna och den personliga investeringen minskar. De områden där kundvärdet potentiellt kan minska vid en digitalisering är uppoffringar i form av risker, främst för skogsägare med en låg digital mognad, och sociala fördelar när skogsaffären blir helt digital och relationen med virkesköparen förringas. Skogsägarna är överlag positiva till en digitalisering, men då det finns områden där kundvärdet potentiellt kan försämras går det inte att enbart genom kundundersökningar utforma värdeerbjudandet utan skogsbolagen bör arbeta agilt och genomföra digitala förändringar i små steg där pilotstudier genomförs innan nya lösningar lanseras. Initialt bör skogsbolagen fokusera på digitala verktyg samt offertförfrågning och rådgivning via digitala kanaler då skogsägarna ser störst värde i detta. De borde även underlätta och effektivisera virkesköparnas arbete genom att ge dem ett fullt integrerat och mobilt verktyg som samlar CRM-system, offert- och virkesmätverktyg för både effektivisering och att skapa kundvärde.
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Yamada, Thiago. "Técnicas de processamento digital de imagens para análise de integridade do dossel - um modelo em mata semidecídua." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1824.
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-28<br>Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos<br>The forests management and conservation are recently subjects discussed throughout the world, because they are directly correlation with the maintenance of environmental functions and services provided by natural environments. With growth of urban centers and extensive agriculture the natural areas have suffered and are suffering a big pressure making arise degraded areas constantly that encourage the recuperation movement in those areas. Moreover, the selective cut and the formation natural or artificial clearings make discontinuities in the canopy, irregularities reflected in the structure and profile. However, to realize the restoration and management, for example, a forest, first must to know your conservation state. This thesis intend to map more and less conserved areas through the analysis of structure and integrity in the canopy, realized with: canopy cover images, canopy closure images, vertical profile sketch, panchromatic image HRC of satellite CBERS-2B, and techniques digital image processing, beyond field survey. With intention to create a model able to identify, map, and monitor the forest degraded.<br>A conservação e manejo das florestas são temas muito atuais e discutidos em todo mundo, devido ao fato de estarem diretamente correlacionados com a manutenção das funções e serviços ambientais prestados pelos ambientes naturais. Com o crescimento dos centros urbanos e da agricultura extensiva, as áreas naturais sofreram e estão sofrendo uma grande pressão fazendo com que surjam constantemente áreas degradadas que acabam impulsionando o movimento de recuperação dessas áreas. Além disso, o corte seletivo e a formação de clareiras naturais ou artificiais produzem descontinuidades no dossel, refletindo em irregularidades na estrutura e no perfil. No entanto, para se realizar a recuperação e manejo, por exemplo, de uma floresta, deve-se primeiro conhecer seu estado de conservação. Esta tese pretende mapear áreas mais e menos conservadas, através da análise da estrutura e integridade do dossel, realizada com: imagens da cobertura do dossel, imagens da oclusão do dossel, desenho do perfil vertical, imagem pancromática HRC do satélite CBERS-2B e técnicas de processamento digital de imagens, além de levantamentos de campo. Com o intuito de criar um modelo capaz de identificar, mapear e monitorar a degradação de uma floresta.
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Staats, Wesley A. "USE OF LIDAR-DERIVED TERRAIN AND VEGETATION INFORMATION IN A DECIDUOUS FOREST IN KENTUCKY." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/forestry_etds/24.
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The use of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) information is gaining popularity, however its use has been limited in deciduous forests. This thesis describes two studies using LiDAR data in an Eastern Kentucky deciduous forest. The first study quantifies vertical error of LiDAR derived digital elevation models (DEMs) which describe the forests terrain. The study uses a new method which eliminates Global Positioning System (GPS) error. The study found that slope and slope variability both significantly affect DEM error and should be taken in to account when using LiDAR derived DEMs. The second study uses LiDAR derived forest vegetation and terrain metrics to predict terrestrial Plethodontid salamander abundance across the forest. This study used night time visual encounter surveys coupled with zero-inflation modeling to predict salamander abundance based on environmental covariates. We focused on two salamander species, Plethodon glutinosus and Plethodon kentucki. Our methods produced two different best fit models for the two species. Plethodon glutinosus included vegetation height standard deviation and water flow accumulation covariates, while Plethodon kentucki included only canopy cover as a covariate. These methods are applicable to many different species and can be very useful for focusing management efforts and understanding species distributions across the landscape.
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Boynton, Ansel John. "EARLY WILDFIRE DETECTION USING TEMPORAL FILTERING AND MULTI-BAND INFRARED ANALYSIS." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1048.
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Every year wildfires threaten or destroy ecological habitats, man-made infrastructure and people’s lives. Additionally millions of dollars are spent each year trying to prevent and control these fires. Ideally if a wildfire can be detected before it rages out of control it can be extinguished and avoid large scale devastation. Traditional manned fire lookout towers are neither cost effective nor particularly efficient at detecting wildfire. It is proposed that temporal filtering can be used to isolate the signals created at the beginnings of potential wildfires. Temporal filtering can remove any background image and any periodic signals created by the camera movement. Once typical signals are analyzed, digital filters can be designed to pass fire signals while blocking the unwanted signals. The temporal filter passes only fire signals and signals generated by moving objects. These objects can be distinguished from each other by analyzing the objects mid and long wave energy profile. This algorithm is tested on 17 data sources and its results analyzed.
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Gottfridsson, Tom, and Jonatan Hedström. "Kvalitetsundersökning av digital terrängmodellering med handhållen laserskanner i tätbevuxen skog : Granskning av instrumentet ZEB-REVO." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-33304.
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Digitala terrängmodeller (DTM:er) används i samhället för många viktigafunktioner och behöver därför hållas uppdaterade när förändringar sker.Sverige har en nationell höjdmodell (NH) som innehåller höjddata över helalandet. Uppdateringen av NH förlitar sig mestadels på flygburen laserskanning(FLS). Den flygburna laserskanningsmetoden har generellt en högremätosäkerhet i tätbevuxen skog. Vid exploateringar eller framtida planeradeförändringar i skogsområden kan en mer exakt modell behövas. En utvärdering har genomförts av den handhållna laserskannern ZEB-REVO med syfte att bestämma vilken mätosäkerhet som kan uppnås i tätbevuxenskog, undersöka hur mätosäkerheten förändras med punktavståndet i denproducerade DTM:en samt vilken mätosäkerhet ZEB-REVO har i jämförelsemed NH i samma område. I studien har två skogstyper inkluderats bestående av granskog och tallskog.Mätosäkerheten har bestämts genom att mäta in terrestra kontrollprofiler medtotalstation. För att kunna genomföra en inmätning av kontrollprofiler har ettbruksnät etablerats genom ett fullständigt anslutet polygontåg viahelsatsmätning. De kända punkterna som polygontåget anslutits mot har mättsin med fri stationsetablering via SmartWorx. Resultatet visar att mätosäkerheten förbättras när punktavståndet reduceras.Mätningarna med ZEB-REVO har potential att uppnå en lägre mätosäkerhetän NH i båda skogstyperna. Resultatet för tallskogen visar att ZEB-REVO kanuppnå en lägesosäkerhet på 4-centimetersnivå och en medelavvikelse i höjd på0,018 m mot inmätta kontrollprofiler. Jämförelsen mot kontrollprofiler förområdet i granskogen visar att en medelavvikelse i höjd på 0,058 m gick attuppnå där. ZEB-REVO har potential att förbättra data i NH och data insamlad med ZEBREVOkan ligga till grund för terrängmodellering för projektering.Instrumentet kan även uppnå den bästa noggrannhetsklassningen, klass 1 i SISTS21144:2016 där en maximal medelavvikelse i höjd inte får överstiga 0,02m.<br>Digital terrain models (DTMs) are used in society for many importantfunctions and therefore need to be kept up to date when changes occur.Sweden has a national height model (NH) that provides height data across thewhole country. The update of NH mostly relies on airborne laser scanning(ALS). The airborne laser scanning method generally has a highermeasurement uncertainty in dense forests. When exploitation or futureplanned changes in forest areas occur, a more accurate model may need to beproduced. An evaluation has been carried out of the handheld laser scanner ZEB-REVO with the aim of determining the instrument's measurement uncertainty indense forests, evaluating how the measurement uncertainty changes with thepoint distance in the produced DTM and the measurement uncertainty ZEBREVOmay achieve in comparison with NH in the same area. The study included two different types of forest consisting of spruce and pineforest trees, respectively. Measurement uncertainty has been determined bymeasuring terrestrial control profiles with a total station. In order to be ableto carry out the measurement of control profiles, a working control networkhas been established through a fully connected traverse using full rounds ofmeasurement. The known points to which the traverse is connected have beenmeasured as free stations using SmartWorx. The results show that the measurement uncertainty improves when the pointdistance is reduced. The measurements with ZEB-REVO have the potential toachieve a lower measurement uncertainty than NH in both forest types. Theresults for the pine forest show that ZEB-REVO can achieve a 4 centimetrelevel uncertainty and an average deviation of height of 0,018 m against themeasured control profiles. The comparison with control profiles for the areain the spruce forest shows that an average deviation in height of 0,058 m wasachievable. ZEB-REVO has the potential to improve data in NH and data collected withZEB-REVO can form the basis for terrain modelling for projectionwork. Theinstrument can also achieve the best accuracy rating 1, for which themaximum mean deviation in height must not exceed 0.02 m.
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Akhter, Mariam. "Remote sensing for developing an operational monitoring scheme for the Sundarban Reserved Forest, Bangladesh <engl.>." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1161803796914-21342.
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Sundarban Reserved Forest in Bangladesh is playing a significant role in local and national economy and is providing protection to the coastline as well as to the indigenous people. During the past decades and also in recent time this forest was heavily disturbed by human intervention in many aspects. As a consequence the resources of the forest are fragmenting, shrinking and declining, which in turn leads to an increasing failure of satisfying increasing demands both at local and national levels. Therefore accurate and continuously updated spatial information is needed for optimising forest management and environmental planning on both levels to support the fulfilment of urgent needs of sustainability of the forest. Considering the specific topography and the poor accessibility of the forest versus the task of collecting information, remote sensing is an attractive, if not the only means of obtaining sound full-coverage spatial information on forest cover of Sundarban. This research used medium resolution Landsat ETM data of November 2000 and Landsat TM data of January 1989 to assess and monitor the forest for 1. Identification of the operational tools for mapping and monitoring the forest as well as on the examination of the reliability of the application of multitemporal satellite remote sensing data for building spatial databases on forest cover in Sundarban. 2. Based on the existing management plan of the forest as well as the spectral properties of Landsat ETM imagery a level III classification system was developed. 3. This classification strategy was tested by applying several methods to achieve the classification result with the highest accuracy and thus to build the most reliable methodology for mapping forest cover in Sundarban. 4. Forest cover change was assessed for the period of eleven years. Significant changes have been observed due to illegal removal of trees from the forest although a governmental moratorium on banning timber extraction exists since 1989. 5. Development of an operational monitoring scheme by means of multitemporal satellite imagery analysis, which will allow concerned authorities to set up sustainable and appropriate monitoring of the Sundarban Reserved Forest<br>Das Schutzgebiet des Sundarban Mangrovenwaldes in Bangladesh spielt eine entscheidende Rolle in Hinsicht auf nationale und lokale sozio-ökonomische und sozio-ökologische Aspekte. Das Waldgebiet stabilisiert nicht nur die Küstenlinie, sondern schützt auch die Bevölkerung vor den Einflüssen von Flutkatastrophen. Durch menschlichen Einfluss wurde die Region während der letzten Jahrzehnte mehr und mehr unmittelbar gestört. Der Rückgang des Ertrags an Ressourcen aus dem Wald führte zu wachsender Unzufriedenheit in der von diesen Nutzungs-möglichkeiten abhängigen Bevölkerung. Um eine Optimierung des Waldmanagements durchführen zu können, werden kontinuierliche und genaue raumbezogene Daten benötigt. Betrachtet man die spezifische Topographie und die schlechte Zugänglichkeit der Waldgebiete, so bietet die Fernerkundung eine attraktive Möglichkeit, raumbezogene Informationen für die großen Flächen des Sundurban Mangrovenwaldes zu erfassen. Zur Analyse und Überwachung der Waldgebiete wurden zwei Satellitenbild-Datensätze mit mittlerer Auflösung verwendet, und zwar Landsat ETM Daten aus dem Jahre 2000 (November) sowie Landsat TM Daten aus dem Jahre 1989 (Januar). Die zentralen Aktivitäten im Rahmen der Bearbeitung der Dissertation beziehen sich auf 1. die Identifikation der notwendigen Werkzeuge für eine erfolgreiche Kartierung und Überwachung der Waldgebiete sowie Untersuchung der Zuverlässigkeit multi-temporaler Fernerkundungsdaten für den Aufbau einer Datenbasis für die Kartierung von Waldbedeckungsarten im Untersuchungsgebiet des Sunderban Mangroven-waldes, 2. die Entwicklung eines Klassifikationssystems nach dem USGS-Schlüssel (Auflösungsebene III) auf Grundlage des existierenden Managementplanes und der spektralen Qualität der Landsat ETM Satellitenbilddaten, 3. den Test der Klassifikationsstrategie durch Adaption unterschiedlicher Methoden und Optimierung in bezug auf Erzielung eines Ergebnisses in maximal erreichbarer Genauigkeit als Ausgangspunkt für den Aufbau einer Methodologie zum Monitoring des Sunderban Mangrovenwaldes, 4. die Extraktion der Veränderungen der Waldbedeckung über ein Zeitintervall von 11 Jahren mit weitreichenden Erkenntnissen zur Dynamik der Degradations-effekte, die hauptsächlich durch illegales Fällen trotz Verbot durch ein Regierungs-memorandum seit 1989 beschleunigt wird, 5. die Entwicklung einer operationellen Monitoring-Struktur mit Hilfe von multi-temporaler Satellitenbildanalyse für ein nachhaltiges und angepasstes raumbezo-genes Management des Sunderban-Mangrovenwaldes
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Eilermann, Frank. "Beiträge zum Aufbau eines forstlichen Geographischen Informationssystems unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Integration der digitalen Photogrammetrie - dargestellt am Beispiel der Entwicklung von Entscheidungshilfen für einen ökologisch begründeten Waldumbau." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2003. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1040304585218-28204.
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Für einen ökologischen Waldumbau sind naturwissenschaftliche und ökonomische Grundlagen erforderlich, um die Entscheidungsträger unterstützen. Die Problematik des Waldumbaus bei heterogenen Bedingungen des Osterzgebirges setzt ein flächenbezogenes Informationsmanagement voraus. Durch Aufbau eines forstökologischen Informationssystems werden naturwissenschaftliche und forstbetriebliche Grunddaten auf räumliche Einheiten übertragen und damit Entscheidungshilfen. Zur Erzielung standortsgerechter, stabiler und leistungsfähiger Mischbestände müssen unter Berücksichtigung waldbaulicher und ertragskundlicher Verhältnisse waldbauliche Strategien aufgezeigt und deren mittelfristige Umsetzung geplant werden. Zur Gestaltung des Planungskonzepts werden ausgehend vom IST-Zustand geeignete Maßnahmen zum Erreichen eines SOLL-Zustands aufgezeigt. Instrumentelle Basis bildet ein Forstökologisches Informationssystem, dessen GIS-Funktionalitäten flächenbezogene Entscheidungshilfen durch vielschichtige Datenanalyse ermöglichen. Die Auswertung von analogen und digitalen Luftbildern mit verschiedenen Stichprobenverfahren werden kombiniert. Mit einem Kalkulationsprogramm werden Bewirtschaftungsmaßnahmen hinsichtlich zu erwartender Kosten und Erlöse charakterisiert. Durch das Informationssystems lassen sich die naturwissenschaftlichen und forstbetrieblichen Grunddaten auf räumliche Einheiten übertragen. Planungsvorschläge zum Waldumbau in Form von Entscheidungshilfen stehen zur Verfügung. Die Integration auf Intensivmeßflächen gewonnener Daten ins Informationssystem und Übertragung auf flächige Bezugseinheiten gewährleisten die Beachtung vielfältiger Ursache-Wirkungsbeziehungen zur forstbetrieblichen Planung. Für die verschiedenen Höhenstufen werden spezifische waldbauliche Behandlungsvarianten durch Entscheidungsmodelle abgebildet, die eine flächenbezogene Umsetzung ermöglichen.
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Martins, Neto Rorai Pereira. "Extração de variáveis dendrométricas em árvores de Pinus taeda L. a partir de dados TLS e ALS." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2016. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/2333.
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Previous issue date: 2016-02-25<br>Capes<br>New tree measurement techniques have been developed to improve the precision and quality of the dendrometric measurements performed. Among them the LIDAR technology stands out through which it is possible to obtain high precision three-dimensional data. Thereby the general objective of this work was to evaluate the use of the LIDAR ALS (Airborne Laser Scanner) and of the TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanner) technologies for obtaining the dendrometric variables in commercial planting of Pinus taeda. The study area was a 16 years old plot without silvicultural treatment located in Doutor Pedrinho – North of the SC State, inside the Cerro Azul Farm owned by the Valor Florestal Company. A circular plot with 400 square meters was selected for the study. All the trees were numbered, marked and the DBHs and 10% of the heights were measured. The TLS data was obtained on the field with the Leica Scanstation P40 equipment on five different sweep positions to assure that all the shafting were covered by LASER points. The parcel was also georeferenced and points were taken from its inside with the total station equipment. The ALS points cloud data was supplied by EMBRAPA FLORESTAS and was collected in a flight performed on Jan, 2014. The 4 chapters of this dissertation demonstrates the ALS and TLS technologies state of the art in the forestry field (chapter 1); different filters were tested for obtaining the DTM from the ALS data and
compared with the total station data where the ATIN filter presented the best results (chapter 2); segmentation and delineation of the treetops from the ALS cloud and automatic identification of the tree trunks in the TLS cloud in which the lack of thinning and silvicultural treatment had a negative impact on the results (chapter 3); and on chapter 4, the comparison of the dendrometric variables obtained through the ALS and TLS technologies with the heights and volume modeling obtained on the field presented statistic differences through the Dunnett statistic test (α = 5%) when compared with the ALS data for total height and the TLS for DBH and volume Lastly it is given a general conclusion about the theme explored in the dissertation with recommendations for future work<br>Novas técnicas de mensuração de árvores têm sido desenvolvidas para melhorar a precisão e qualidade das medidas dendrométricas realizadas. Dentre eles destaca – se a tecnologia LIDAR, com a qual é possível a obtenção de dados tridimensionais de alta precisão. Com isso, o objetivo geral deste trabalho foi avaliar o emprego das tecnologias LIDAR ALS (Airborne Laser Scanner) e TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanner) para a obtenção de variáveis dendrométricas em plantios comerciais de Pinus taeda. A área de estudo, um talhão de 16 anos de idade sem tratos silviculturais, localizada em Doutor Pedrinho – SC, norte do estado, na Fazenda Cerro Azul, pertencente a empresa Valor Florestal. Foi selecionada uma parcela circular, de área igual a 400 m² foi instalada para realização dos estudos. Todas as árvores foram numeradas, marcadas e mensurados os DAPs e 10% das alturas foram medidas. Os dados TLS foram obtidos em campo com o equipamento Leica Scanstation P40 em cinco diferentes posições de varredura para garantir que todos os fustes fossem recobertos por pontos LASER. A parcela também foi georreferenciada e tomados pontos com estação total no seu interior. A nuvem de pontos ALS foi fornecida pela EMBRAPA FLORESTAS em um voo realizado em janeiro de 2014. No decorrer dos 4 capítulos desta dissertação foi demonstrado o
estado da arte das tecnologias ALS e TLS na área florestal (capítulo 1); testados diferentes filtros para obtenção do MDT a partir dos dados ALS, comparados com os dados de estação total, no qual o filtro ATIN demonstrou os melhores resultados (capítulo 2); segmentação e delineamento das copas a partir da nuvem ALS e identificação automática de troncos na nuvem TLS, no qual a falta de desbastes e tratos silviculturais influenciou negativamente nos resultados (capítulo 3); e no capítulo 4 a comparação entre as variáveis dendrométricas obtidas pelo ALS e TLS com as modelagens de altura e volume obtidas em campo, na qual foi constatada diferenças estatísticas com os dados ALS para altura total e com os dados TLS para DAP e Volume por meio do teste estatístico de Dunnett, α = 5%. Por fim é dada uma conclusão geral acerca do tema explorado na dissertação, com recomendações para os trabalhos futuros
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Fabian, Christopher J. "Application of a digital terrain model for forrest land classification and soil survey." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4107.
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Thesis (M.S.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004.<br>The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (June 30, 2006). Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Eilermann, Frank. "Beiträge zum Aufbau eines forstlichen Geographischen Informationssystems unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Integration der digitalen Photogrammetrie - dargestellt am Beispiel der Entwicklung von Entscheidungshilfen für einen ökologisch begründeten Waldumbau." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2002. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23964.
Full textAbstract:
Für einen ökologischen Waldumbau sind naturwissenschaftliche und ökonomische Grundlagen erforderlich, um die Entscheidungsträger unterstützen. Die Problematik des Waldumbaus bei heterogenen Bedingungen des Osterzgebirges setzt ein flächenbezogenes Informationsmanagement voraus. Durch Aufbau eines forstökologischen Informationssystems werden naturwissenschaftliche und forstbetriebliche Grunddaten auf räumliche Einheiten übertragen und damit Entscheidungshilfen. Zur Erzielung standortsgerechter, stabiler und leistungsfähiger Mischbestände müssen unter Berücksichtigung waldbaulicher und ertragskundlicher Verhältnisse waldbauliche Strategien aufgezeigt und deren mittelfristige Umsetzung geplant werden. Zur Gestaltung des Planungskonzepts werden ausgehend vom IST-Zustand geeignete Maßnahmen zum Erreichen eines SOLL-Zustands aufgezeigt. Instrumentelle Basis bildet ein Forstökologisches Informationssystem, dessen GIS-Funktionalitäten flächenbezogene Entscheidungshilfen durch vielschichtige Datenanalyse ermöglichen. Die Auswertung von analogen und digitalen Luftbildern mit verschiedenen Stichprobenverfahren werden kombiniert. Mit einem Kalkulationsprogramm werden Bewirtschaftungsmaßnahmen hinsichtlich zu erwartender Kosten und Erlöse charakterisiert. Durch das Informationssystems lassen sich die naturwissenschaftlichen und forstbetrieblichen Grunddaten auf räumliche Einheiten übertragen. Planungsvorschläge zum Waldumbau in Form von Entscheidungshilfen stehen zur Verfügung. Die Integration auf Intensivmeßflächen gewonnener Daten ins Informationssystem und Übertragung auf flächige Bezugseinheiten gewährleisten die Beachtung vielfältiger Ursache-Wirkungsbeziehungen zur forstbetrieblichen Planung. Für die verschiedenen Höhenstufen werden spezifische waldbauliche Behandlungsvarianten durch Entscheidungsmodelle abgebildet, die eine flächenbezogene Umsetzung ermöglichen.
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Cunha-Lignon, Marília. "Dinâmica do manguezal no sistema de Cananéia-Iguape, Estado de São Paulo - Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21131/tde-20032002-105936/.
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As condições físicas do ambiente, pretéritas e atuais, determinam variações quanto à estrutura e distribuição dos manguezais ao longo das áreas litorâneas. O presente estudo visa caracterizar as tendências da dinâmica de bosques de mangue do Sistema Cananéia-Iguape. Tratamento de imagens digitais e dinâmica de feições sedimentares na região forneceram subsídios para o presente estudo. O Sistema Cananéia-Iguape está localizado no extremo sul do Estado de São Paulo (Brasil), latitude de 25oS. Imagens digitais TM/Landsat5, WRS 220/77 D, composição colorida (RGB) TM4/TM3/TM2, de duas datas (14/09/86 e 02/09/99) foram tratadas no SIG ILWIS (Integrated Land and Water Information System). Os pontos de amostragem de estrutura dos bosques de mangue e de topografia foram escolhidos considerando-se os resultados da classificação superviosionada e da dinâmica sedimentar das feições de deposição no sistema, segundo Tessler (1982) e Tessler & Furtado (1983). Para estudo da estrutura dos bosques de mangue adotou-se metodologia de Schaeffer-Novelli & Cintrón (1986). Análise de agrupamento por ligação simples confirmou os resultados obtidos no tratamento de dados de estrutura dos bosques de mangue. A dinâmica sedimentar e a topografia são fatores que determinam a colonização por determinadas espécies de mangue em feições de deposição.<br>Past and current environment conditions drive changes to mangrove structure and distribuition along the coast. This paper aims to caracterize mangrove forest dynamic tendencies at Cananeia-Iguape System. Digital image processing and region morphodynamics support the present study. Cananeia-Iguape System is located at the South of São Paulo State (Brazil), latitude 25oS. A colored composition (RGB TM4/TM3/TM2) of Landsat TM digital images (WRS 220/77D) from different dates (14/09/86 and 02/09/99) were processed with ILWIS SIG (Integrated Land and Water Information System). Mangrove forest structure and topographic sampling spots were chosen given the results of supervised classification and given its sedimentary morphodynamic deposition, following Tessler (1982) and Tessler & Furtado (1983). Mangrove forest structure study is based on Cintrón & Schaeffer-Novelli (1984). Single linkage cluster analysis has confirmed the results obtained from the mangrove forest structure study. Region sedimentary dynamics and topographic factors drive mangrove colonization by particular species on deposition shores.