Journal articles: 'Digital form of a cadastral map'

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KAZACHENKO, L., R. CHUBUKIN, and V. KAZACHENKO. "GIS-technologies in the creation of planned geodesic basics for developing a general plan of a population." Modern achievements of geodesic science and industry 42, no. II (2021): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33841/1819-1339-2-42-67-75.

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Purpose. The application of geodetic measuring systems and geodetic software in creating a planned geodetic basis for establishing the boundaries of the settlement or expanding its boundaries requires a modern cartographic basis in digital form and created a master plan. Methodology. This is achieved through geodetic measurements and computer processing of their results. GIS technologies and remote sensing in this case help to solve the problem quickly, accurately, efficiently and with the least time and money. Old cartographic materials, according to which geodetic surveys were carried out and which served as a basis for obsolete, do not meet modern requirements for the creation of cartographic products. Therefore, there is a need to update cartographic materials in new digital formats and enter in the created database of the State Land and Urban Cadastre, ie to fill the state cadastral system with information layers. The created information layers of the Public cadastral map and the Digitals software simplify the solution of problems of geodesy, cartography and land management. Entering information into the databases of the State Geocadastre and Urban Cadastre requires the creation of modern digital cartographic materials and electronic documents. DBNs adopted in Ukraine dictate certain requirements for the creation and design of appropriate cartographic materials for the development of Master Plans of settlements. Results. Geodetic surveys were performed on the research territory by electronic measuring systems and the results of measurements in the software were processed. The constructed plan-height substantiation of the territory of the settlement made it possible to create a digital map (model) of the area – CMM in a very short time. Scientific novelty. Such Digital maps are the basis for the creation of various cartographic materials in electronic form and can serve various purposes of the national economy. Such digital maps with the help of GIS technologies can be the filling of electronic resources of different industries and serve to fill different types of information about certain objects, phenomena, ie to monitor the land. Practical significance. The result of the study was the creation of a digital map of the settlement and entry in the databases of the State Land and Urban Cadastre information about the boundaries and structure by developing appropriate urban and land management documentation.

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Podryadchikova, Ekaterina D., Larisa N. Gilyova, and Alexey V. Dubrovsky. "THE CALCULATION OF THE RANGES OF THE SPECIFIC RATE OF CADASTRAL COST TO BUILD 3D MAPS OF ESTIMATED ZONING (ON THE EXAMPLE OF TYUMEN CITY)." Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies) 26, no. 3 (2021): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2021-26-3-147-161.

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The article proposes a method of constructing an interval variation series with equal intervals as a mathematical tool for calculating the step of changes in the UPCS for the maps of estimated zoning. It describes the sequence of calculations, which includes 3 stages: the formation of the interval variation series, the calculation of the distribution center indicators, and the calculation of the relative variation indicators of the interval variation series. The resulting interval variation series allowed us to group the totality of the state cadastral assessment data and present them in the form of homogeneous intervals necessary for performing the estimated zoning. To visualize the results, it is proposed to use a three-dimensional geoinformation model in the form of a 3D prism map, which allows you to visually dis-play changes in the value of the UPC. The presented methodology was tested during the evaluation zoning of the territory of the city of Tyumen using the results of the state cadastral assessment. The created assessment zoning map can be used for cadastral valuation of newly formed real estate ob-jects, for information support of the territorial planning system, as well as for analytical support of in-vestment programs and projects for the development of land and property complexes. Assessment zoning maps made with the use of modern geoinformation technologies in the form of three-dimensional digital models can be one of the elements of an intelligent model of an urban area, which will allow not only to carry out operational management, but also to develop effective mechanisms that optimize the trajectory of spatial development of a locality.

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Holland, D. A., I. Hurst, G. Heathcote, J. Horgan, and D. Capstick. "THE CHANGING NATURE OF GEOSPATIAL DATA – CHALLENGES FOR A NATIONAL MAPPING AGENCY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B5-2020 (August 24, 2020): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b5-2020-179-2020.

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Abstract. National Mapping and Cadastral Agencies have been creating geospatial products for customers for many decades and, in some cases, for over two centuries. During that time the nature of the products largely remained the same, consisting of cartographic representations of the world, usually generalized and projected in a two-dimensional form. Even when mapping agencies began to convert their mapping from paper to digital form, the products created were largely based on their paper map counterparts. In recent times, the general public has become far more aware of geospatial data due to global initiatives from Google, Bing, Apple, OpenStreetMap and others. While some users of geospatial data still require the same products as before, many other users need different kinds of geospatial data and products, ones which will provide new challenges to National Mapping and Cadastral Agencies. In this paper we discuss some of these new geospatial data users and illustrate some the challenges using an example from Ordnance Survey’s recent experience of a project in the connected autonomous vehicle domain.

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Salikhov, T. K., K. S. Baikov, T. S. Salikhova, M. K. Tynykulov, N. N. Nurmukhametov, and A. S. Salykova. "THE STUDY OF THE CURRENT STATE OF THE SOIL COVER OF THE AKSHAT RURAL COUNTY OF WEST KAZAKHSTAN REGION ON THE BASIS OF GIS TECHNOLOGIES." NEWS of National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan 6, no. 444 (2020): 220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-170x.150.

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The rational use and protection of soils in market conditions requires adequate application of new scientific and methodological approaches. One of such systematic-analytical methods of soil cadastre organizations is a combination of traditional terrestrial methods with technologies of geoinformation systems (GIS) based on extensive use of satellite images in different resolutions. The aggregate of information necessary for mapping soil cover patterns and their quantification has been described in GIS databases. Data integration has been realized through the spatial and attributive component in the form of: the results of topographic and thematic maps. At the same time, the creation of attributive GIS databases involves the digitization of thematic maps tied into a single cartographic projection (as a topographic map with a scale of 1: 50 000). As a result of the study, thematic maps and attributive databases of GIS of soils were formed. As a result of research, based on GIS technology, a digital soil map of the Akshat rural county of the Chingirlau district of the West Kazakhstan region has been developed using the ArcGIS software product.

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Krejci, Jiri, and Jiri Cajthaml. "Transformation of the Vltava Historical Riverine Landscape within the Modern Times." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-189-2019.

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Abstract. The Vltava River and its surroundings had many different faces and functions in the past centuries. The Vltava is the longest river running through the heart of Bohemia, probably the most famous and popular river in the Czech Republic, one of the national symbols, important trade and transport route in the past, river with beautiful landscape favourite by poets, travellers, and tourists, place where the biggest dam reservoir system in the Czech Republic was built, popular recreational area in the present and many more. Therefore, many different documents are dealing with the Vltava River and its riverine landscape. The main objective of the project supported by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic is to create comprehensive information system about the Vltava River aggregating and incorporating various historical and modern documents and data. This system will allow maintaining and documenting a wealth of information about the history of the Vltava River, including immovable and movable cultural heritage using new technologies. The project is focused on the upper three quarters of the Vltava River from its springs to confluence with the Berounka River close to Prague in the period from mid 18th century up to the present day. Riverine landscape along the Vltava underwent an intensive transformation in many aspects. Firstly, the cultural landscape with mostly minor settlement combined with appreciated but even feared wild natural narrow valleys has changed intensively along with a construction of the dam cascade especially in the middle part of the river in the second half of the 20th century. Small but widespread settlements, transport function of the river and wild nature were replaced by dams producing electric energy and retaining extensive water reservoirs providing water supply and protection from frequent inundations and last but not least being very popular for recreation. Unfortunately, many houses, water mills, chapels, churches, picturesque natural places, etc. have been flooded. The former face of the Vltava riverine landscape is preserved only in various archival documents and their online presentation is the main project goal. There are large volumes of miscellaneous historical and modern data sources dealing with the Vltava river which are being used in the project. Extensive research of various public and institutional archives is currently still being carried out. Some resources such as old photographs and postcards are found also in private collections. First of all, there are various works from old cadastral maps, old river maps with cross sections, longitudinal profiles of the river, old site plans and interesting building plans, State Derived Map and aerial photographs from 1950s, site and constructional plans of dams to the up to date cadastral map, orthophotos and DTM. The Imperial Imprints of the Stable Cadastre (scale 1&amp;thinsp;:&amp;thinsp;2&amp;thinsp;880) from the years 1826–1843 rank among the most valuable and very useful. Due to their geometric precision and visual attractiveness, these maps are suitable for vectorization, and form an excellent base layer for the web mapping application and 3D visualization. Another very important map is the State Derived Map (scale 1&amp;thinsp;:&amp;thinsp;5&amp;thinsp;000; its first issue) from the early 1950s containing planimetry as well as altimetry. It shows situation of area just before the dam reservoirs cascade construction was started hence it allows reconstruction of former Vltava valley. Maps and plans are complemented by old photographs, postcards, iconography and also text sources. All data sources described above have to be carefully processed before their incorporation into the information system and subsequent 2D- or 3D- applications could be designed. Speaking in particular about maps and plans, they have to be digitised, georeferenced and selected map content is vectorised. The majority of data sources are obtained in the analogue paper form, thereby a high resolution scanning has to be done to acquire digital copies of requested maps and plans. Then the scanned data is georeferenced employing suitable global or local transformations depending on the type of map. Carefully selected map content is vectorised and the database of significant features (buildings or objects of cultural, social, production and water management importance) with important attributes is being filled up. Every feature has its location, at least approximately if precise position is unknown. Also the old photographs and postcards are geolocated to be incorporated into the information system. 2D web mapping application (Figure 1) has been created based on processed data and it is being updated. It presents and compares various layers (georeferenced maps and plans, vectorised data model, objects of interest, etc.). The application allows overlaying of various raster and vector layers from different times using the swipe tool. Objects of interest and photographs are represented by points, where each point leads to a popup with more information. Online 3D visualisation is effective and popular way of geographical data presentation thus besides the 2D also 3D application may bring a new perspective to former Vltava landscape. The Vltava River valley, often narrow and deep, is perfect for the 3D presentation, especially if it is completed by other objects or phenomena (e.g. extinct settlements, important buildings, historical or potential floods). Precise 3D modelling of important structures in CAD software is a common but time-consuming process. Therefore, it is not possible to model the whole extinct settlements in 3D and thus procedural modelling is applied instead. It allows to visualise a simplified reconstructive model of flooded villages in the entire area of interest even in various periods of time. The mission of the project is, in particular, to document information on the changes of the Vltava riverine landscape within the last three centuries in the context of various events, as well as to make it subsequently available to the general public. Thus, it might act as a transfer of historical science into education through modern cartographic methods. The project itself is actually in its first phase and the activities proceed continuously.

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Frommholz, D., M. Linkiewicz, and A. M. Poznanska. "INLINING 3D RECONSTRUCTION, MULTI-SOURCE TEXTURE MAPPING AND SEMANTIC ANALYSIS USING OBLIQUE AERIAL IMAGERY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B3 (June 9, 2016): 605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b3-605-2016.

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This paper proposes an in-line method for the simplified reconstruction of city buildings from nadir and oblique aerial images that at the same time are being used for multi-source texture mapping with minimal resampling. Further, the resulting unrectified texture atlases are analyzed for fac¸ade elements like windows to be reintegrated into the original 3D models. Tests on real-world data of Heligoland/ Germany comprising more than 800 buildings exposed a median positional deviation of 0.31 m at the fac¸ades compared to the cadastral map, a correctness of 67% for the detected windows and good visual quality when being rendered with GPU-based perspective correction. As part of the process building reconstruction takes the oriented input images and transforms them into dense point clouds by semi-global matching (SGM). The point sets undergo local RANSAC-based regression and topology analysis to detect adjacent planar surfaces and determine their semantics. Based on this information the roof, wall and ground surfaces found get intersected and limited in their extension to form a closed 3D building hull. For texture mapping the hull polygons are projected into each possible input bitmap to find suitable color sources regarding the coverage and resolution. Occlusions are detected by ray-casting a full-scale digital surface model (DSM) of the scene and stored in pixel-precise visibility maps. These maps are used to derive overlap statistics and radiometric adjustment coefficients to be applied when the visible image parts for each building polygon are being copied into a compact texture atlas without resampling whenever possible. The atlas bitmap is passed to a commercial object-based image analysis (OBIA) tool running a custom rule set to identify windows on the contained fac¸ade patches. Following multi-resolution segmentation and classification based on brightness and contrast differences potential window objects are evaluated against geometric constraints and conditionally grown, fused and filtered morphologically. The output polygons are vectorized and reintegrated into the previously reconstructed buildings by sparsely ray-tracing their vertices. Finally the enhanced 3D models get stored as textured geometry for visualization and semantically annotated ”LOD-2.5” CityGML objects for GIS applications.

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Frommholz, D., M. Linkiewicz, and A. M. Poznanska. "INLINING 3D RECONSTRUCTION, MULTI-SOURCE TEXTURE MAPPING AND SEMANTIC ANALYSIS USING OBLIQUE AERIAL IMAGERY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B3 (June 9, 2016): 605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b3-605-2016.

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This paper proposes an in-line method for the simplified reconstruction of city buildings from nadir and oblique aerial images that at the same time are being used for multi-source texture mapping with minimal resampling. Further, the resulting unrectified texture atlases are analyzed for fac¸ade elements like windows to be reintegrated into the original 3D models. Tests on real-world data of Heligoland/ Germany comprising more than 800 buildings exposed a median positional deviation of 0.31 m at the fac¸ades compared to the cadastral map, a correctness of 67% for the detected windows and good visual quality when being rendered with GPU-based perspective correction. As part of the process building reconstruction takes the oriented input images and transforms them into dense point clouds by semi-global matching (SGM). The point sets undergo local RANSAC-based regression and topology analysis to detect adjacent planar surfaces and determine their semantics. Based on this information the roof, wall and ground surfaces found get intersected and limited in their extension to form a closed 3D building hull. For texture mapping the hull polygons are projected into each possible input bitmap to find suitable color sources regarding the coverage and resolution. Occlusions are detected by ray-casting a full-scale digital surface model (DSM) of the scene and stored in pixel-precise visibility maps. These maps are used to derive overlap statistics and radiometric adjustment coefficients to be applied when the visible image parts for each building polygon are being copied into a compact texture atlas without resampling whenever possible. The atlas bitmap is passed to a commercial object-based image analysis (OBIA) tool running a custom rule set to identify windows on the contained fac¸ade patches. Following multi-resolution segmentation and classification based on brightness and contrast differences potential window objects are evaluated against geometric constraints and conditionally grown, fused and filtered morphologically. The output polygons are vectorized and reintegrated into the previously reconstructed buildings by sparsely ray-tracing their vertices. Finally the enhanced 3D models get stored as textured geometry for visualization and semantically annotated ”LOD-2.5” CityGML objects for GIS applications.

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Hashim, N. M., A. H. Omar, K. M. Omar, N. M. Abdullah, and M. H. M. Yatim. "CADASTRAL POSITIONING ACCURACY IMPROVEMENT: A CASE STUDY IN MALAYSIA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W1 (September 30, 2016): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w1-265-2016.

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Cadastral map is a parcel-based information which is specifically designed to define the limitation of boundaries. In Malaysia, the cadastral map is under authority of the Department of Surveying and Mapping Malaysia (DSMM). With the growth of spatial based technology especially Geographical Information System (GIS), DSMM decided to modernize and reform its cadastral legacy datasets by generating an accurate digital based representation of cadastral parcels. These legacy databases usually are derived from paper parcel maps known as certified plan. The cadastral modernization will result in the new cadastral database no longer being based on single and static parcel paper maps, but on a global digital map. Despite the strict process of the cadastral modernization, this reform has raised unexpected queries that remain essential to be addressed. The main focus of this study is to review the issues that have been generated by this transition. The transformed cadastral database should be additionally treated to minimize inherent errors and to fit them to the new satellite based coordinate system with high positional accuracy. This review result will be applied as a foundation for investigation to study the systematic and effectiveness method for Positional Accuracy Improvement (PAI) in cadastral database modernization.

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Zeng, Zhen Hua. "The Primary Exploration for the Using of South CASS7.0 Mapping System Drawing Profile Map." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.26.

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Southern surveying and mapping instruments company CASS terrain, cadastral mapping software is based on AutoCAD platform technology of digital mapping data acquisition system. Widely used to terrain mapping, cadastral mapping, engineering survey three major areas of application, by using terrain mapping, cadastral mapping software of CASS7.0,the author explored a method about using terrain mapping, cadastral mapping software of CASS7.0 to drawing profile map, through the application for line project theoretical and practical research to achieve the desired effect, solved the problem by using terrain mapping, cadastral mapping software of CASS7.0.

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Roić, Miodrag, Josip Križanović, and Doris Pivac. "An Approach to Resolve Inconsistencies of Data in the Cadastre." Land 10, no. 1 (2021): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10010070.

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A cadastre, as one of the key registers of land administration, must be maintained to provide up-to-date land information. Before digitization, technical and alphanumerical datasets were maintained separately, leading to redundant data. This resulted in numerous inconsistencies between the cadastral map and the register, leading to the loss of integrity of these authoritative data. The fact that the cadastral map and the register are in the electronic form today does not guarantee their integrity and quality. The aim of this research was to develop a methodology for analyzing and resolving the inconsistencies between a cadastral map and a register, which were indicated by the differences found in the quality controls in cadastral map vectorization projects. A detailed analysis of the differences between the cadastral map and the register data resulted with systematization of causes and the sources of errors, which then led to the inconsistencies between the two cadastral datasets. The cadastral datasets required for such an analysis were scanned and georeferenced cadastral map sheets, vectorized cadastral map, and vectorization reports. The proposed methodology was tested on three cadastral municipalities in Croatia, namely Dol, Postira, and Stobreč. A detailed analysis of each individual inconsistency showed that the inconsistencies were caused not only by the maintenance errors but also by other processes that affected the cadastral datasets throughout their lifetime.

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Gopikrishnan, T., and S. S. Ramakrishnan. "Projection analysis for cadastral mapping." Boletim de Ciências Geodésicas 19, no. 4 (2013): 729–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1982-217020130004000013.

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Maps are created for different purposes. Among the various types of maps, cadastral maps are created by cadastral surveying. Cadastral maps are used for management of land and land-related activities by Government organisations or other institutions in various countries. Cadastral map making is both an art and a science, and the data about a surveyed land parcel are collected and incorporated in cadastral maps. Technological development has resulted in the development of simple methods for cadastral mapping. The Indian cadastral system for the state of Tamil Nadu is described in this paper. The challenges of conversion while scanning conventional paper-based land records to make digital records are explained. The procedure for selecting an appropriate projection system for scanned digital conventional records is elaborated on. A statistical application for identifying the nature of the data is shown. An inverse ranking system is used to identify a suitable projection system. Projection research is important in cadastral mapping when digitally processing a large number of land records in a country. The described method is effective for identification of a suitable projection system.

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Poornima, A., R. Jagadeeswaran, Balaji Kannan, and R. Sivasamy. "Generating cadastral base for Kolathupalayam village in Tamil Nadu from high resolution LISS IV sensor data." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 4 (2016): 2007–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i4.1078.

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In the present study an attempt was made to generate cadastral base from high resolution satellite image (LISS IV) and to integrate with land use land cover information. The digital cadastral map with survey number for Kolathupalayam village in Erode district of Tamil Nadu was scanned, digitized and parcels were extracted. Similarly parcels or field boundaries were digitized and extracted from satellite image and were statistically compared by area. The area obtained from both the source through digitization correlated well with a pearson correlation of 0.87 and it was significant at 5 per cent. Thus, the area comparisons from both methods are significant indicating boundaries of individual fields generated from satellite image matched well with the one generated from cadastral map. The cadastral base generated from satellite image was overlaid on the classified image (level III output) to identify and generate land cover information against each survey number. Thus, the LISS IV data can be used for the identification and extraction of cadastral boundaries with good accuracy.

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Gagnon, Roy. "Cadastral plotting by similarity transformation." CISM journal 42, no. 2 (1988): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/geomat-1988-0011.

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Cadastral maps generated from digitizing tabloids have too many sources of error to be reliable when plotted at large scales. To improve the 1:1000 cadastral map, three numerical methods were tested during twenty-seven mapping projects. The systems studied were: complex number similarity transformation, simultaneous similarity transformation, and iterative similarity transformation. There were several “human interface” difficulties with the computer routines but all of the programs were found to be reliable, and cost effective. All of the resulting cadastral maps are in daily use. Numerical transformation was found superior to digital methods of cadastral compilation.

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Cvijetinovic, Z., M. Avramovic, and D. Mihajlovic. "Digital cadastral map as foundation of coordinate based cadastre of Serbia." Survey Review 47, no. 343 (2014): 241–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1752270614y.0000000131.

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Hashim, N. M., A. H. Omar, K. M. Omar, M. A. Abbas, M. A. Mustafar, and S. A. Sulaiman. "CADASTRAL POSITIONING ACCURACY IMPROVEMENT (PAI): A CASE STUDY OF PRE-REQUISITE DATA QUALITY ASSURANCE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W16 (October 1, 2019): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w16-255-2019.

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Abstract. Nowadays, there is an increasing need for comprehensive spatial data management especially digital cadastral database (DCDB). Previously, the cadastral database is in hard copy map, then converted into digital format and subsequently updated. Theoretically, these legacy datasets have relatively low positional accuracy caused by limitation of traditional measurement, adjustment technique and technology changes over time. With the growth of spatial based technology especially Geographical Information System (GIS) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) the Positional Accuracy Improvement (PAI) to the legacy cadastral database is inevitable. PAI is the refining process of the geometry feature in a geospatial dataset through integration between legacy and higher accuracy dataset to improve its actual position. However, by merely integrating both datasets will lead to a distortion of the relative geometry. Thus, an organized method is required to minimize inherent errors in fitting to the new accurate dataset. The focus of this study is to design a comprehensive data preparation for legacy cadastral datasets improvement. The elements of datum traceability, cadastral error propagation and weightage setting in adjustment will be focused to achieve the targeted objective. The proposed result can be applied as a foundation for PAI approach in cadastral database modernization.

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Moon, Jung-kyun, Seon-bong Yoo, Hong-gyoo Sohn, and Yonng-sun Cho. "Conflicting Maps: How Legal Perspectives Could Minimize Zoning Cancellation in Republic of Korea." Land 10, no. 3 (2021): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10030256.

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The purpose of this paper is to propose legal and policy enhancements that may prevent the cancellation of the legal force of zoning due to discord with the Korean Land Use Regulation Map (LURM) and secure legal stability. The legal force of zoning has been canceled because of the discordance of the LURM with past cadastral maps, and this has led to confusion regarding zoning decisions and even the postponement and cancellation of public projects. Here, the causes of LURM discordance and legal cancellation of zoning were identified and evaluated through judicial precedents. We found that improper use of data and adoption of tolerance caused the cancellations. To remedy these problems, we suggest the disclosure and application of cadastral computerized data instead of serial cadastral maps during LURM production activities to justify the legal adoption of allowable errors. We also recommend the widespread introduction of legal fiction for the rapid production of digital cadastral maps. Zoning cancellation could be minimized through such enhancements, and the map could allow people to visualize elements more conveniently. Moreover, this study aims to expand relevant legal mapping.

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Mothi Kumar, K. E., S. Singh, P. Attri, et al. "GIS based Cadastral level Forest Information System using World View-II data in Bir Hisar (Haryana)." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (November 28, 2014): 605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-605-2014.

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Identification and demarcation of Forest lands on the ground remains a major challenge in Forest administration and management. Cadastral forest mapping deals with forestlands boundary delineation and their associated characterization (forest/non forest). The present study is an application of high resolution World View-II data for digitization of Protected Forest boundary at cadastral level with integration of Records of Right (ROR) data. Cadastral vector data was generated by digitization of spatial data using scanned mussavies in ArcGIS environment. Ortho-images were created from World View-II digital stereo data with Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system with WGS 84 datum. Cadastral vector data of Bir Hisar (Hisar district, Haryana) and adjacent villages was spatially adjusted over ortho-image using ArcGIS software. Edge matching of village boundaries was done with respect to khasra boundaries of individual village. The notified forest grids were identified on ortho-image and grid vector data was extracted from georeferenced cadastral data. Cadastral forest boundary vectors were digitized from ortho-images. Accuracy of cadastral data was checked by comparison of randomly selected geo-coordinates points, tie lines and boundary measurements of randomly selected parcels generated from image data set with that of actual field measurements. Area comparison was done between cadastral map area, the image map area and RoR area. The area covered under Protected Forest was compared with ROR data and within an accuracy of less than 1 % from ROR area was accepted. The methodology presented in this paper is useful to update the cadastral forest maps. The produced GIS databases and large-scale Forest Maps may serve as a data foundation towards a land register of forests. The study introduces the use of very high resolution satellite data to develop a method for cadastral surveying through on - screen digitization in a less time as compared to the old fashioned cadastral parcel boundaries surveying method.

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Čeh, Gielsdorf, Trobec, Krivic, and Lisec. "Improving the Positional Accuracy of Traditional Cadastral Index Maps with Membrane Adjustment in Slovenia." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 8 (2019): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8080338.

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The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the improvement in positional accuracy (PAI) of cadastral boundary points’ coordinates through the adjustment of a large set of digital cadastral index maps of rural regions based on traditional Franciscan-origin maps of heterogeneous geometric quality. The distribution of residuals of local coordinates of reference points onto the as yet unconnected neighboring points is researched. In this article, we use the adjustment method based on neighborhood transformation with a mechanical membrane model deriving from Hooke’s Law and consider a general case study of a Slovenian traditional cadastral graphic database of various historical origins. The number of geometric errors in fieldbook information from outdated measurement technologies and inappropriate implementations of cadastral index map geometric maintenance reduces the number of complying datasets of relative geometry by 50%. Previous experiments in traditional cadastral index maps of rural regions, with triangle-based piecewise affine plane transformation (RMSE = 2.4 m), have been improved by the membrane method (RMSE = 1.0 m), based on tests at 623 control points. Positional accuracy improvement of cadastral geospatial data and the integration of geometric subsystems provided recognizable benefits for the future maintenance of a unique, integrated, centralized graphical cadastral subsystem, which is in the testing phase in Slovenia.

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Faltýnová, M., and P. Nový. "Airborne Laser Scanning and Image Processing Techniques for Archaeological Prospection." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-5 (June 6, 2014): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-5-231-2014.

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Aerial photography was, for decades, an invaluable tool for archaeological prospection, in spite of the limitation of this method to deforested areas. The airborne laser scanning (ALS) method can be nowadays used to map complex areas and suitable complement earlier findings. This article describes visualization and image processing methods that can be applied on digital terrain models (DTMs) to highlight objects hidden in the landscape. Thanks to the analysis of visualized DTM it is possible to understand the landscape evolution including the differentiation between natural processes and human interventions. Different visualization methods were applied on a case study area. A system of parallel tracks hidden in a forest and its surroundings – part of old route called "Devil's Furrow" near the town of Sázava was chosen. The whole area around well known part of Devil's Furrow has not been prospected systematically yet. The data from the airborne laser scanning acquired by the Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping and Cadastre was used. The average density of the point cloud was approximately 1 point/m2 The goal of the project was to visualize the utmost smallest terrain discontinuities, e.g. tracks and erosion furrows, which some were not wholly preserved. Generally we were interested in objects that are clearly not visible in DTMs displayed in the form of shaded relief. Some of the typical visualization methods were tested (shaded relief, aspect and slope image). To get better results we applied image-processing methods that were successfully used on aerial photographs or hyperspectral images in the past. The usage of different visualization techniques on one site allowed us to verify the natural character of the southern part of Devil’s Furrow and find formations up to now hidden in the forests.

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Zakir Najafova, Narmin. "PROCEDURE OF TENDENCY MAP ON THE BASIS OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM OF JALILABAD CADASTRY DISTRICT." SCIENTIFIC WORK 66, no. 05 (2021): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/66/77-80.

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As the inclination increases, soil erosion and, in general, the process of erosion on the slopes intensifies, the moisture content of the soil and soil-forming rocks decreases, the growth of agricultural crops and pastures weakens, and productivity decreases. Taking all this into account, we have developed a slope map with degrees based on the digital elevation model of the Jalilabad cadastral region (DEM file). Slope study and mapping is one of the key measures to protect soils from erosion as well as to combat erosion. When the slope reaches 3-4°, the washing of the soil is even faster. It is not recommended to plow the fields when the slope is 8-10° and more. From this point of view, as a result of our research, the inclination of the Jalilabad cadastral region has been studied. The lowest inclination range in the study area is 0-20. Low inclination is observed mainly in the plains of Jalilabad cadastral region. As you ascend to the heights, there is an increase in inclination. Taking into account the propensity in agriculture can lead to high yields. Key words: Inclination, Slope, Erosion, Geographic Information System (GIS), ESRI, ArcGis

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Vermeer, Martin, Zinabu Getahun, Tulu Besha Bedada, and Berhan Gessesse. "Positional accuracy validation of digital orthophoto mapping: case Bahir Dar." Nordic Journal of Surveying and Real Estate Research 13, no. 1 (2018): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30672/njsr.65724.

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This study used in-situ Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements to assess the accuracy of horizontal coordinates of the orthophoto map for Bahir Dar city. The GPS data was least-squares adjusted using the GAMIT/GLOBK and Leica GeoOffice (LGO) software packages. Local and regional GPS reference stations, including the continuously operating reference station of Bahir Dar University’s Institute of Land Administration, were included in the adjustment. Thus, horizontal coordinates at five checkpoints were obtained, which were used to assess the horizontal positional accuracy of these same points in the orthophoto map.  Point accuracies found for point locations read from the orthophoto map were inferred to be on the level ±0.15 m. This meets well the requirement of the Ethiopian Mapping Authority of ±0.30 m for maps on scale 1 : 2000, which are sufficient for cadastral and land-use planning use everywhere, also in urban areas, though not perhaps in dense city centres.

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Popov, Andriy. "LAND CADASTRE DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE: ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED." Geodesy and cartography 45, no. 3 (2019): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/gac.2019.7121.

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Cadastral information is a key component for many land use functions and a core to the effective land markets, land use and sustainable development. These applications require up-to-date, reliable and complete data. This paper focuses on one aspect of land cadastre – identification of the objects of the cadastre. The characteristics and development of the existing cadastral system are discussed. We follow an empirical approach and propose an overview how and in what form the objects of state land cadastre are identified and registered in Ukraine. The paper analyses the problems associated with the plurality of the land cadastre objects. It is proposed to remove the registration numbers of the state land cadastre objects and new cadastral numbers of the land parcel from the legislation and return the legalization of the old cadastral number of the land parcel. The paper also underlines the necessity to consider the land parcel as a single object of the state land cadastre. Finally, it is proposed that the cadastral number of restrictions in the use of the land parcel will be an immense advantage in land registration and in visualisation the restrictions on the public cadastral map of Ukraine.

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Abdul Halim, N. Z., S. A. Sulaiman, K. Talib, and Z. A. Majeed. "INVESTIGATING THE NATIONAL DIGITAL CADASTRAL DATABASE (NDCDB) DATA HANDLING WITHIN GIS APPLICATIONS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W9 (October 26, 2018): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w9-3-2018.

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Abstract. This paper explains the investigation carried out to understand NDCDB data handling within GIS applications. The method used was a case study replicated to five established GIS applications from different agencies, namely eKadasOnline, SKiP, iPlan, TM SmartMap and DBKL Interactive Portal. The case study was propositioned to the statements of; i) “Such methods of applying NDCDB are because user understands its characteristics”, and ii) “such methods of applying NDCDB are because users know how to adopt it.” Cross-case comparison analysis was then conducted to identify rival findings and explanation building. Based on the evidence of the multi-case study, it was concluded that such methods of adopting NDCDB by the GIS applications administrators and developers were because most of them have a partial understanding of the NDCDB characteristics which led to NDCDB being adopted based on the method that they think were suitable. Recommendations are highlighted in this paper to rectify knowledge-based mistakes found in this study, that included; i) ensuring the NDCDB’s cut-off-date; ii) utilises all existing NDCDB layers; iii) ensure to use the map projection parameters are the authorised and official value; iv) understand that the NDCDB utilises the GDM2000 datum with ITRF2000 epoch 2006; v) False Easting and North Easting can be discarded for geocentric datum; vi) adopting the built-in Geocentric Cassini map projection of GIS software is not advisable; and vii) obtaining relevant additional NDCDB layers. With the recommendations emplace, it is hoped the full potential of NDCDB can be tapped especially for multipurpose cadastre implementation including to ease spatial analysis. Data replication, exhaustion of resources, and reduce risks or costly investments made by decision makers, policy makers, developers or individuals can be avoided when NDCDB is fully optimised for spatial analysis.

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Navratil, G., and V. Leopoldseder. "VISUALIZING THE QUALITY OF VECTUR FEATURES – A PROPOSAL FOR CADASTRAL MAPS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W7 (September 12, 2017): 537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w7-537-2017.

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A well-known problem of geographical information is the communication of the quality level. It can be either done verbally / numerically or it can be done graphically. The graphical form is especially useful if the quality has a spatial variation because the spatial distribution is visualized as well. The problem of spatial variation of quality is an issue for cadastral maps. Non-experts cannot determine the quality at a specific location. Therefore a visual representation was tested for the Austrian cadastre. A map sheet was redesigned to give some indication of cadastral quality and presented to both experts and non-experts. The paper presents the result of the interviews.

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Li, Q., Y. Shi, S. Auer, et al. "DETECTION OF UNDOCUMENTED BUILDINGS USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK AND OFFICIAL GEODATA." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-2-2020 (August 3, 2020): 517–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-2-2020-517-2020.

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Abstract. Undocumented buildings are buildings which were built years ago, but were never recorded in official digital cadastral maps. Detection of undocumented buildings is of great importance for urban planning and monitoring. The state of Bavaria, Germany, pursues this task based on high resolution optical data and digital surface models, using semi-automatic detection methods, which suffer from a high false alarm rate. In order to study the influence of sampling strategies on the performance of building detection, we have firstly designed a transferability analysis experiment, which has not been adequately addressed in the current literature. In this experiment, we test whether the trained model from a district contains valuable information for building detection in a different district. It was found that the large-scale building detection results can be considerably improved when training samples are collected from different districts. Based on the building detection results, we propose a novel framework for the detection of undocumented buildings using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and official geodata. More specifically, buildings are identified as undocumented, when their pixels in the output of the CNN are predicted as “building”, whereas they belong to the “non-building” in the Digital Cadastral Map (DFK). The detected undocumented building pixels are subsequently divided into the class of old or new undocumented building with the aid of a Temporal Digital Surface Model (tDSM) in the stage of decision fusion. By doing so, a seamless map of undocumented buildings is generated for 1/4th of the state of Bavaria, Germany at a spatial resolution of 0.4 m, which has demonstrated the use of CNN for the robust detection of undocumented buildings at large-scale.

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Krigsholm, Pauliina, Kirsikka Riekkinen, and Pirjo Ståhle. "The Changing Uses of Cadastral Information: A User-Driven Case Study." Land 7, no. 3 (2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land7030083.

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Cadastral information and land administration systems are central to effective land markets, land use and sustainable development. This paper focuses on one aspect of land administration dynamism: the changing uses of cadastral information. We follow a qualitative approach and offer an overview of why, how, and in what form user groups use cadastre and land register data in Finland. We then explore different user groups’ perceptions of emerging changes and discuss their implications for the future land administration system. We identify six major changes that potentially have such implications: the streamlining of environmental permit procedures, the integration of public services, three-dimensional land use planning, tightening banking regulations, digital services, and e-government, and coordination among public data agencies. The paper addresses the relatively unexplored customer side of cadastral information and reiterates the need for an interoperable, accurate and reliable land administration system.

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Demidova, Polina, Olga Kolesnik, and Hasan Al Fatin. "3D Modelling in solution of cadastral and geodetic tasks." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 07014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016407014.

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The main purpose of this study is demonstrating possibilities of using 3D modelling in solving scientific and practical problems et the field of geodesy and cadastre. Increasing number of publications on this topic among Russian and foreign authors are shown. The article considers examples of creating three-dimensional models for the purposes of cadastre and geodesy. A 3D model of cadastral registration of a complex object (gas station) in the specialized software ArchiCad together with Google Earth is presented. The composition of each stage and data set of each “step” of cadastral works in relation to such objects in Russian Federation are proposed. The article considers shortcomings of legal regulation in relation to 3D cadastre at the present stage. In addition, three-dimensional models of the Dukan reservoir (Iraq), showing water levels at different times, were modelled. They based on digital data obtained from the digitized contour map. And it were used such software products like GlobalMapper, ArcMap and ArcScene. After analyzing the regulatory sources, conclusions about the lack of legal regulation in relation to the 3D cadastre in the Russian Federation were made.

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Tóth, Tibor, T. Németh, T. Fábián, et al. "Internet-based Land Valuation System Powered by a GIS of 1:10,000 Soil Maps." Agrokémia és Talajtan 55, no. 1 (2006): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/agrokem.55.2006.1.12.

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An internet-based land valuation system is being developed to replace the scientifically obsolete Hungarian land valuation system, the so-called AK (“Gold Crown”) ratings. The new system is supported by a GIS and it is unique in its capability of providing an up-to-date index of soil quality and land value. The geographical information is provided by national map databases on genetic soil maps and soil attributes at the scale of 1:10.000, combined with cadastral maps, digital terrain model, topographic map, orthophotos of aerial photographs and agronomic field records. The automated algorithms are easy to update, can be made legally binding and can provide a transparent system for land taxation, calculation of subsidies, appropriation. Given that detailed (1:10,000 or finer) soil map coverage will be completed for all lands of Hungary (at date only 60% of the croplands have soil maps), this way a multifunctional system will be available that promotes an optimum use of land resources.

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Rakhmonov, Kosimdjon, and Mokhigul Abdurakhimova. "Improvement of cadastral information provisioning system in an administrative region." E3S Web of Conferences 227 (2021): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202122705002.

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Improvement of the land cadastre information system in the administrative district will make more efficient use of the land fund. More than 42,000 land users in Kibray, which is the object of the research, can quickly manage land resources through the creation of land information systems. As a result, the use of specialized software at the district level increases the quality of the specialists’ work compared to traditional methods, and time consuming 3 and 5 times the amount of data transmission to consumers. The collected and regulated data will serve as the main source of the unified system of land registration in Kibray district and the creation of a special land fund and its rational distribution among land users. The method developed to compile a digital cadastre map based on an example of an administrative district is the basis for the registration of land parcel and, in turn, the land fund distribution. Information on the state of land resources is mainly collected in the State Land Cadastre. Registration of the rights to the land parcel, the main component of which is the re-registration of new land users and the existing ones, requires the most up-to-date information on the land cadastre.

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Poshivaylo, Yaroslava G. "ANALYSIS of STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF A DIGITAL THEMATIC MAP." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 1, no. 2 (2020): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2020-1-2-62-67.

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Over the past decades, cartography has undergone significant changes, where a digital form of cartographic information prevails has arisen, which in turn led to a change in the structure of a map. Basic software environment where thematic digital maps are created are analyzed. The structural elements of a digital thematic map created in various software environment are analyzed. Invariance of map elements is regarded.

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Azad, Dinesh Kumar, and A. K. Singh. "The Development of Village level Geospatial Framework for "Digital India"." International Journal of Advanced Remote Sensing and GIS 10, no. 1 (2021): 3415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.23953/cloud.ijarsg.486.

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The Digital India is a programme of the Government of India with a vision to transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. Digital land record of villages is one of the important components of information system which plays a vital role in making this type of society Land record system is primarily managed manually in the country using registers and cadastral maps in the form of papers, clothes which are very rough, tempered, torn and in a bad condition. Thus, the record keeping and updation of the village level information is a big challenge. Preserving, updating and retrieving these records needs integration of the information in a single framework. This paper presents the development of village level geospatial framework which highlights the three growth areas among nine pillars of Digital India. It encapsulates the digitization, geodatabase preparation, topology, and geospatial framework development using revenue (Khasara) maps, Google earth imagery data and GIS technology.

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Trinder, John C. "THE CURRENT STATUS OF MAPPING IN THE WORLD – SPOTLIGHT ON OCEANIA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B4 (June 13, 2016): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b4-95-2016.

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A summary is presented of the results of questionnaires sent to mapping agencies in Oceania, covering Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Island countries, to investigate the status of mapping in those countries. After World War II, the Australian Federal Government funded the initial small scale mapping of the whole country leading to increased percentages of map coverage of Australia. Mapping at larger scales is undertaken by the states and territories in Australia, including cadastral mapping. In New Zealand mapping is maintained by Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) at 1:50,000 scale and smaller with regular updating. The results of the questionnaires also demonstrate the extent of map coverage in six Pacific Islands, but there is little information available on the actual percent coverage. Overall there are estimated to be an increases in the percentages of coverage of most map scales in Oceania. However, there appear to be insufficient professionals in most Pacific Island countries to maintain the mapping programs. Given that many Pacific Island countries will be impacted by rising sea level in the future, better mapping of these countries is essential. The availability of modern technology especially satellite images, digital aerial photography and airborne lidar data should enable the Pacific Island countries to provide better map products in future, but this would depend on foreign aid on many occasions.

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Trinder, John C. "THE CURRENT STATUS OF MAPPING IN THE WORLD – SPOTLIGHT ON OCEANIA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B4 (June 13, 2016): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b4-95-2016.

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A summary is presented of the results of questionnaires sent to mapping agencies in Oceania, covering Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Island countries, to investigate the status of mapping in those countries. After World War II, the Australian Federal Government funded the initial small scale mapping of the whole country leading to increased percentages of map coverage of Australia. Mapping at larger scales is undertaken by the states and territories in Australia, including cadastral mapping. In New Zealand mapping is maintained by Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) at 1:50,000 scale and smaller with regular updating. The results of the questionnaires also demonstrate the extent of map coverage in six Pacific Islands, but there is little information available on the actual percent coverage. Overall there are estimated to be an increases in the percentages of coverage of most map scales in Oceania. However, there appear to be insufficient professionals in most Pacific Island countries to maintain the mapping programs. Given that many Pacific Island countries will be impacted by rising sea level in the future, better mapping of these countries is essential. The availability of modern technology especially satellite images, digital aerial photography and airborne lidar data should enable the Pacific Island countries to provide better map products in future, but this would depend on foreign aid on many occasions.

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Valentina, Anny, and Richard Andrew. "Infografis Dinamis Sebagai Pengganti Peta Konvensional pada Kawasan Bermain (Studi Kasus : Dunia Fantasi)." Jurnal Komunikasi 10, no. 2 (2018): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jk.v10i2.1222.

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A map that was originally used as a hint tool to visit a new area or environment, especially if the area visited is wide enough. Start from visiting the new city to the play area. Dunia Fantasi (Dufan) is a large playing area. Until now Dufan provides a map of the area in the form of brochures and standing maps in the play area. With the advancement of technology today is very possible if Dufan can make the navigation system map of its region in digital form. As is known today human habits have changed a lot, because it is very likely to move the map from manual to digital system will be preferred by consumers. Map of digital form because it is considered more practical and easy, especially if the form of dynamic infographic. Infographics itself is a collection of information with the help of images, dynamic use can be interpreted with the addition of motion elements in the map. Using data collection techniques in the form of direct observation and interview. The target of the research is for Dufan visitors covering all ages, ranging from students, students and families and through this research is expected to know what information needed by visitors and media and design that is considered efficient and easy to understand, so through the media map can increase consumer satisfaction. Peta yang pada awalnya digunakan sebagai alat bantu petunjuk untuk mengunjungi sebuah area atau lingkungan baru, apalagi jika area yang dikunjungi cukup luas. Mulai dari mengunjungi kota baru hingga area bermain. Dunia Fantasi (Dufan) merupakan kawasan bermain yang cukup luas. Hingga saat ini Dufan menyediakan peta area dalam bentuk brosur dan standing map yang ada di kawasan bermain. Dengan kemajuan teknologi saat ini sangat mungkin jika Dufan bisa membuat sistem navigasi peta kawasannya dalam bentuk digital. Seperti diketahui saat ini kebiasaan manusia telah banyak berubah, karena itulah sangat besar kemungkinan perpindahan peta dari sistem manual ke digital akan lebih disukai konsumen. Peta bentuk digital karena dianggap lebih praktis dan mudah, apalagi jika berbentuk infografis dinamis. Infografis sendiri merupakan kumpulan informasi dengan bantuan gambar, pengguanaan dinamis dapat diartikan dengan penambahan unsur animasi dalam peta. Menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi langsung dan wawancara. Target penelitian ditujukan bagi para pengunjung Dufan yang meliputi segala usia, mulai dari kalangan pelajar, mahasiswa, dan keluarga dan melalui penelitian ini diharapkan akan diketahui informasi yang apa saja yang diperlukan pengunjung serta media dan desain yang dianggap efisien dan mudah dimengerti, sehingga melalui media peta bisa meningkatkan kepuasan konsumen.

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Muthu, Sabarish Senthilnathan, Eleni Gkadolou, and Emmanuel Stefanakis. "Historical Map Collections on Geospatial Web." GEOMATICA 67, no. 3 (2013): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5623/cig2013-035.

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The Provincial Archives of New Brunswick (PANB) and the University of New Brunswick Archives (UNBA) maintain a rich collection of historical maps and plans of the City of Fredericton dating back to the 17th Century. This content is in the form of microfiches and paper maps, which are difficult to be accessed and used by researchers and educators. Recently, a series of microfiches and maps have been scanned and are already available in digital form. Going a step further, the advancements in geospatial web technology have been applied to make this digital content a valuable resource of historical information for the endusers. A prototype system has been developed and tested for a set of representative historical maps and plans. The system provides the following functionality: (a) geo-referenced scanned maps can be archived into a geospatial catalog; (b) appropriate metadata can be attached to them; (c) the maps can be superimposed and visualized on top of recent base maps (e.g., Google Maps, Bing Maps, Open Street Map); and (d) the catalog content can be searched and disseminated on the web using geospatial standards. End-users have been exposed to the prototype and evaluated its functionality. Their comments highlight the potential of the prototype in the study of cultural heritage and historical documentation.

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CHEN, SHIH-LIANG, SHU-MING CHANG, WEN-WEI LIN, and TINGTING HWANG. "DIGITAL SECURE-COMMUNICATION USING ROBUST HYPER-CHAOTIC SYSTEMS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 18, no. 11 (2008): 3325–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127408022408.

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In this paper, we propose a robust hyper-chaotic system that is suitable for digital secure-communication. The system consists of many coupled robust logistic maps that form a hyper-chaotic system. It has a higher degree of complexity than traditional discrete-time secure-communication systems that use only a single map. Moreover, the system has a very large parameter space which grows along with system precision. Hence, attacking the system by the method of map reconstruction in current computation technology is not feasible. Statistical analysis shows that the system achieves very high security level. Finally, two hardware architectures (multiple-cycle and pipelined) are proposed for area and performance optimization, respectively.

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Kopylova, Natalya S. "THE INTEGRATED METHOD TO THE MAP MATERIAL STORAGE IN RUSSIAN PRACTICE: FROM ANALOG TO DIGITAL." Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies) 26, no. 3 (2021): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2021-26-3-100-107.

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The article analyzes the map data source storage in analog and digital form by means of various funds, agencies, organizations, libraries, private collections on the basis of an integration method. A conceptual integration model for the map material storage based on a hierarchical, tree-like topological structure has been developed. The topology of the map material storage was built and a conceptual model was presented. The defects in the creation and dissemination of materials (data), weakening the overall quality of the model, are noted. The prospects for the development of the industry of geodesy, cartography and spatial data, which will have a beneficial effect on the quality of the presented model, are noted. The proposed model of storage of cartographic materials demonstrates, for the most part, the Russian experience. It is concluded that against the background of the growing volume of spatial information about terrain feature, structuring and storing information, including in the form of map materials, is an important aspect in the effective use of data for making different levels of decisions.

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Varfolomeev, A. F., E. A. Kovalenko, V. F. Manukhov, and L. G. Kalashnikova. "Special features of aerial survey technology using unmanned aircraft." Geodesy and Cartography 962, no. 8 (2020): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2020-962-8-58-64.

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In recent years, there have been qualitative changes in surveying associated with the use of robotic systems, such as unmanned aerial vehicles. Currently, traditional geodetic and topographic technologies are giving way to high-precision and high-performance systems using robotics. The technology of aerial photography from drones for mapping territories, operational monitoring linear structures, construction sites, as well as for engineering and underground surveys, solving cadastral matters, building realistic three-dimensional terrain models, etc., is gaining more and more popularity in the world. The transition to new technologies entails restructuring not only the methods of determining coordinates, but also the stages of pre-design and design work. The authors describes the capabilities of geographic information systems for automating some stages of field geodetic data cameral processing obtained through using unmanned aircraft. As a result of the study, it was discovered that the marks of the earth’s surface, read from the constructed digital map, are in good agreement with those obtained as a result of the ground-based geodetic survey.

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Oktavia, Selvi Nanda, Ardyanto Tanjung, and Listyo Yudha Irawan. "Atmospheric learning: Pengembangan digital mind maps berbantuan mind mapping software untuk siswa Geografi SMA." Jurnal Integrasi dan Harmoni Inovatif Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial 1, no. 3 (2021): 300–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um063v1i3p300-310.

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Learning media is a tool for students to make learning easier. Mind map digital is a learning media in the form of mind maps with the help applications of mindset mind manager presentation. The main objective of developing mind maps is to produce digital-based products for class X students on material atmospheric. This media can be a reference for the latest material, examples and learning resources around the atmosphere to provide students with an easy understanding of the lesson. The mind map digital developed has been tested internally by media experts and material experts. The final results are in the form of a digital mind map product design that has been revised based on suggestions and recommendations from each validator. This research and development use the modified ADDIE’s model only in the ADD section with research procedures namely goal formulation, media design, media validation. The research subjects were 28 students of class X IPS 4 in SMA 2 Batu. The research data used included the results of the media feasibility questionnaire, while the techniques data analysis used descriptive analysis to process the trial data. The results showed that digital mind maps were feasible to be used in the learning process with each gaining scores from material experts 98 percent and media experts 79 percent. Then the assessment or product response from students as research subjects get a value of 80.02 percent. Media pembelajaran merupakan alat bantu untuk peserta didik agar memberikan kemudahan dalam belajar. Mind map digital adalah media pembelajaran dalam bentuk peta pikiran dengan berbantuan aplikasi presentasi mindjet mindmanager. Tujuan utama pengembangan mind map adalah menghasilkan produk berbasis digital untuk peserta didik kelas X pada materi atmosfer. Media ini dapat menjadi rujukan materi, contoh, dan sumber belajar terbaru seputar atmosfer untuk memberikan peserta didik kemudahan dalam memahami pelajaran. Mind map digital yang dikembangkan telah di uji internal oleh ahli media dan ahli materi. Hasil akhir berupa rancangan desain produk mind map digital yang telah direvisi berdasarkan saran dan rekomendasi dari masing-masing validator. Penelitian dan pengembangan ini menggunakan model ADDIE yang dimodifikasi hanya pada bagian ADD dengan prosedur penelitian yaitu perumusan tujuan, desain media, validasi media. Subjek penelitian adalah 28 peserta didik kelas X IPS 4 SMA 2 Batu. Data penelitian yang digunakan meliputi hasil angket kelayakan media, sedangkan teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif untuk mengolah data hasil uji coba. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mind map digital layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran dengan masing-masing memperoleh nilai dari ahli materi 98 persen dan ahli media 79 persen. Kemudian penilaian atau tanggapan produk dari peserta didik selaku subjek penelitian mendapatkan nilai 80,02 persen.

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40

Wang, Chuanfu, Yi Di, Jianyu Tang, Jing Shuai, Yuchen Zhang, and Qi Lu. "The Dynamic Analysis of a Novel Reconfigurable Cubic Chaotic Map and Its Application in Finite Field." Symmetry 13, no. 8 (2021): 1420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13081420.

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Dynamic degradation occurs when chaotic systems are implemented on digital devices, which seriously threatens the security of chaos-based pseudorandom sequence generators. The chaotic degradation shows complex periodic behavior, which is often ignored by designers and seldom analyzed in theory. Not knowing the exact period of the output sequence is the key problem that affects the application of chaos-based pseudorandom sequence generators. In this paper, two cubic chaotic maps are combined, which have symmetry and reconfigurable form in the digital circuit. The dynamic behavior of the cubic chaotic map and the corresponding digital cubic chaotic map are analyzed respectively, and the reasons for the complex period and weak randomness of output sequences are studied. On this basis, the digital cubic chaotic map is optimized, and the complex periodic behavior is improved. In addition, a reconfigurable pseudorandom sequence generator based on the digital cubic chaotic map is constructed from the point of saving consumption of logical resources. Through theoretical and numerical analysis, the pseudorandom sequence generator solves the complex period and weak randomness of the cubic chaotic map after digitization and makes the output sequence have better performance and less resource consumption, which lays the foundation for applying it to the field of secure communication.

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Sladić, Goran, Branko Milosavljević, Siniša Nikolić, Dubravka Sladić, and Aleksandra Radulović. "A Blockchain Solution for Securing Real Property Transactions: A Case Study for Serbia." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 1 (2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10010035.

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The origins of digital money and blockchain technology goes back to the 1980s, but in the last decade, the blockchain technology gained large popularity in the financial sector with the appearance of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin. However, recently, many other fields of application have been recognized, particularly with the development of smart contracts. Among them is the possible application of blockchain technology in the domain of land administration, mostly as a tool for transparency in the developing countries and means to fight corruption. However, developed countries also find interest in launching pilot projects to test their applicability in land administration domain for reasons such as to increase the speed and reduce costs of the real property transactions through a more secure environment. In this paper, we analyse how transactions are handled in Serbian land administration and how this process may be supported by modern ledger technologies such as blockchain. In order to analyse how blockchain could be implemented to support transactions in land information systems (LIS), it is necessary to understand cadastral processes and transactions in LIS, as well as legislative and organizational aspects of LIS. Transactions in cadastre comprise many actors and utilize both alphanumeric (descriptive or legal) data and geospatial data about property boundaries on the cadastral map. Based on the determined requirements for the blockchain-based LIS, we propose a system architecture for its implementation. Such a system keeps track of transactions in LIS in an immutable and tamper-proof manner to increase the security of the system and consequently increase the speed of transactions, efficiency, and data integrity without a significant impact on the existing laws and regulations. The system is anticipated as a permissioned public blockchain implemented on top of the Ethereum network.

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Yan, J., S. W. Jaw, K. H. Soon, and G. Schrotter. "THE LADM-BASED 3D UNDERGROUND UTILITY MAPPING: CASE STUDY IN SINGAPORE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W15 (September 23, 2019): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w15-117-2019.

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Abstract. A digital twin can be defined as a realistic representation of something physical. To improve decision making, a reliable digital twin of the underground is required. Utilities represent a significant portion of physical assets existing underground. Most of these utilities are situated in the relatively shallow layers of the underground, up to a few meters below the surface. The reliable information on subsurface utilities has clear benefits all throughout the life cycle of state land, resulting in efficient decision-making processes, cost savings, and additional revenues for land administration professionals. However, the lack of a reliable map of subsurface utilities lead to ill-informed decisions, costly information gathering, and missed business potential. This paper will share a case study of the 3D underground utility mapping workflow from data capture to usage in Singapore. The new data is collected by the Pegasus: Stream, a mobile mapping platform which captures above and underground data using the photo, laser and ground penetrating radar technology. Based on the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) 3D underground utility data model, the new collected data is used with the existing utility and cadastral data for land administration. This study case expects to explore the reasonable workflow of 3D underground utility mapping to provide reliable information for land administration.

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Hidayat, Arinten Dewi, and Irawan Afrianto. "Sistem Kriptografi Citra Digital Pada Jaringan Intranet Menggunakan Metode Kombinasi Chaos Map Dan Teknik Selektif." Jurnal ULTIMATICS 9, no. 1 (2017): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31937/ti.v9i1.565.

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Many organizations use design applications to draw the products they create. The drawings are digital files that have various formats of type and size. The images sometimes have to be protected because they are secret designs, such as the design of military vehicles, weapons and other designs. In order to secure digital data, cryptography is one of the solution, including if the data to be secured in the form of digital images. Algorithms that can be used to perform cryptography in digital image one of them is chaos map using Arnold cat map, logistics map and application of selective technique. Chaos was chosen for three reasons: sensitivity to initial conditions, random behavior, and no repetitive periods. While the application of selective technique means only encrypt some elements in the image but the effect of the whole image is encrypted. Cryptography in the image is also implemented because the organization using an intranet network to deliver its design drawings from one division to another. This allows for data tapping or exploitation of digital images while inside the intranet network. So it is necessary to develop a cryptographic system on the intranet network that has the ability to secure digital images that are in the network. The results obtained from black box testing, white box and network security testing show that the built system has been able to secure digital images when sent over the organization's intranet network. Index Terms—Cryptography, Image, Chaos Map Algorithm, Selective Technique, Intranet.

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Schorcht, M., R. Hecht, and G. Meinel. "APPROACHES TO DISTINGUISH ‘REAL’ CHANGES FROM ‘UNREAL’ CHANGES BASED ON MULTI-TEMPORAL 2D BUILDING FOOTPRINT DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4 (September 19, 2018): 559–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-559-2018.

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Abstract. Building footprint data from National Mapping and Cadastral Agencies are available in Germany for 7 years as a uniform, nation-wide geospatial data set and are updated annually. These multi-temporal building data sets can form the basis for the application of change detection techniques to derive national figures on dynamics in the building stock. Since these building data sets have only been built up in recent years, it is necessary to distinguish real changes from false changes. This is done by applying vector geometry-based operations and statistical analyses, which are presented in this article. Furthermore, by the additional use of the raster dataset Copernicus &amp;ndash; European Settlement Map (classified, resolution 2.5m) it is approximately possible to estimate whether it is a correct change or not. The advantage of this approach is that large-scale comparable results can be derived simply and quickly based on uniform basic data.

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Ambrožová, K., J. Havrlanta, M. Talich, and O. Böhm. "THE PROCESS OF DIGITIZING OF OLD GLOBE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B5 (June 15, 2016): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b5-169-2016.

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This paper describes the process of digitalization of old globes that brings with it the possibility to use globes in their digital form. Created digital models are available to the general public through modern technology in the Internet network. This gives an opportunity to study old globes located in various historical collections, and prevent damage of the originals. Another benefit of digitization is also a possibility of comparing different models both among themselves and with current map data by increasing the transparency of individual layers. Digitization is carried out using special device that allows digitizing globes with a diameter ranging from 5 cm to 120 cm. This device can be easily disassembled, and it is fully mobile therefore the globes can be digitized in the place of its storage. Image data of globe surface are acquired by digital camera firmly fastened to the device. Acquired image data are then georeferenced by using a method of complex adjustment. The last step of digitization is publication of the final models that is realized by two ways. The first option is in the form of 3D model through JavaScript library Cesium or Google Earth plug-in in the Web browser. The second option is as a georeferenced map using Tile Map Service.

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Eren, Şirin Gülcen. "Pre-pottery Neolithic age spatial planning: The typo-morphology of the first urbanisation with reference to three Akarçay Tepe plaques." Proceedings of the ICA 2 (July 10, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-2-27-2019.

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Abstract. Every civilisation, based on its socioeconomic relations, designs its land regime by using a cadastral system, plans the ways in which its land will be used, and present these through maps or spatial plans. Akarçay Tepe Lined and Marked Limestone Plaques, the use reasons of which are unknown by the archaeology discipline, were originally found during excavations and are on exhibition in Şanlıurfa Museum in Turkey. The plaques have been dated back to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic Age.This paper aims to present what Plaques from Akarçay Tepe actually refer to and the methodology of determination. It originates from a research study which was commenced in 2017 on the basis of the propositions that these Plaques are in fact, maps and spatial plans showing the land regime and topography at the time they were made. Spatial dimensions of three Akarçay Tepe plaques with reference to technical features are examined on the foundation of the urban planning discipline. The objective here is to make it possible to adjust the findings of an archaeological excavation and to make a contribution as a proposed alternative method for the evaluation of these findings.The three plaques for which research permission was granted were not related to the cadastral arrangements of Akarçay Tepe, but provide indications of the patterns of other settlements: Birecik, Yeşilözen, and Nizip. The plaques are spatial plans drawn to 1&amp;thinsp;:&amp;thinsp;1000 scale displayed in the form of a 3-D model map. The plaques show the settlement topography, land regime, land use decisions, boundaries of control and settlement and agricultural support systems. Plaques, besides agricultural land pattern display the first typo-morphology of urbanisation of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic Age.

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Sudoł, Ewa. "Identification of shorelines for natural watercourses with the use of point cloud." E3S Web of Conferences 71 (2018): 00014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187100014.

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The article presents the method of identifying the shorelines for natural watercourses located in agricultural and forest areas in accordance with applicable law. In the process of developing methods for identification and verification of the actual course of watercourses, data from the cadastral map was used in the form of a vector drawing of borders and a database with border points in ZRD, BPP attributes, metadata and point clouds. The identification of the course of a watercourse on shrubbery and wooded areas as well as on-screen vectorization of the shoreline is cumbersome, and in some cases even impossible. In connection with the above, it has been proposed to use a point cloud and vertical sections prepared on their basis that run perpendicular to the edge of the watercourse. On their basis, the course of the shoreline was recognized in accordance with the definition contained in the Act on Water Law. Pursuant to § 9 para. 3a, beginning of the regulation that the land occupied by the natural seepage constitutes a separate cadastral plot within the boundary line, the suggested procedures for verifying the boundaries of watercourses can be used to update the land and building register databases. The identification of the boundaries of registered parcels made on the principles described in the publication may precede the activities of accepting the boundaries to the division of real estate. On the other hand, the course of the identified, in the mode of § 82a, the regulation the boundaries of registration plots constituting natural watercourses can be shown in the land and building register on the terms specified in art. 24 sec. 2b point 2) geodesy law, in order to replace data inconsistent with the actual state and applicable technical standards, respectively, data consistent with the actual state and applicable technical standards (§ 45 section 1 point 1 of the Regulation).

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Adly, Emil. "Peta Digital Dusun Pagersari, Mranggen, Srumbung, Magelang Berbasis Aplikasi CarryMap." PengabdianMu: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 6, no. 3 (2021): 306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/pengabdianmu.v6i3.2079.

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Pagersari is a hamlet located in Srumbung Magelang District, which is planned to be developed into a tourist village. To access the hamlet, a map showing the location and informative information is needed so that tourists can easily reach the location. The hamlet must have an information system containing partial administrative data. The problem often occurs the lack of administrative processing that provides complete, accurate, and easy-to-update data. This service aims to update the hamlet information system by mapping the hamlet, which contains information on population data and other attributes according to the needs based on Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and assisted by using ArcGIS then exported to CarryMap software. The implementation method is collecting population data from family cards, taking coordinate points, and inputting the ARCGIS software. The results obtained are that the public can find out in detail the location of the residents' houses and the population data available in the form of an online map. Therefore, the community can more easily access or update the hamlet population data through the operator. The community can also list the business opportunities they have. With an accurate digital map, it can make it easier for the outside community to find the location of tourist attractions that the village will plan as a tourism village by the potential of each hamlet.

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Bouzahar, Faiza hassainia, Lahbaci Ouerdachi, Mahdi Keblouti, and Akram Seddiki. "The contribution of remote sensing in hydraulics and hydrology, analysis and evaluation of digital terrain model for flood risk mapping." Journal of Water and Land Development 39, no. 1 (2018): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jwld-2018-0055.

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AbstractThe study of flood risk involves the knowledge of the spatial variability in the characteristics of the vegetation cover, terrain, climate and changes induced by the intervention of humans in watersheds. The increased needs of the actors in land management mean that static maps no longer meet the requirements of scientists and decision-makers. Access is needed to the data, methods and tools to produce complex maps in response to the different stages of risk evaluation and response. The availability of very high spatial resolution remote sensing data (VHSR) and digital terrain model (DTM) make it possible to detect objects close to human size and, therefore, is of interest for studying anthropogenic activities. The development of new methods and knowledge using detailed spatial data, coupled with the use of GIS, naturally becomes beneficial to the risks analysis. Indeed, the extraction of information from specific processes, such as vegetation indices, can be used as variables such as water heights, flow velocities, flow rates and submersion to predict the potential consequences of a flood. The functionalities of GIS for cartographic overlay and multi-criteria spatial analysis make it possible to identify the flood zones according to the level of risk from the flood, thus making it a useful decision-making tool.This study was carried out on the territory of watersheds in the Annaba region, East of Algeria. The choice was guided by the availability of data (satellites images, maps, hydrology, etc.) and hydrological specificities (proximity to an urban area). The adopted model is divided into two parts. The first part is to establish a methodology for the preservation of wetland biodiversity and the protection of urban areas against floods. Thanks to the multi-criteria spatial analysis and the functionalities of the GIS, we established a flood risk map for the watershed defined above. The result was satisfactory compared with the field reality. The second part of the model consisted of the integration of cadastral information with the flood risk map obtained in the first part of our research.The primary objective of this mapping is to contribute to the development of flood risk management plans (in the sense of risk reduction). The mapping stage also provides quantitative elements to more accurately assess the vulnerability of a territory.

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Ambrožová, K., J. Havrlanta, M. Talich, and O. Böhm. "THE PROCESS OF DIGITIZING OF OLD GLOBE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B5 (June 15, 2016): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b5-169-2016.

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This paper describes the process of digitalization of old globes that brings with it the possibility to use globes in their digital form. Created digital models are available to the general public through modern technology in the Internet network. This gives an opportunity to study old globes located in various historical collections, and prevent damage of the originals. Another benefit of digitization is also a possibility of comparing different models both among themselves and with current map data by increasing the transparency of individual layers. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; Digitization is carried out using special device that allows digitizing globes with a diameter ranging from 5 cm to 120 cm. This device can be easily disassembled, and it is fully mobile therefore the globes can be digitized in the place of its storage. Image data of globe surface are acquired by digital camera firmly fastened to the device. Acquired image data are then georeferenced by using a method of complex adjustment. The last step of digitization is publication of the final models that is realized by two ways. The first option is in the form of 3D model through JavaScript library Cesium or Google Earth plug-in in the Web browser. The second option is as a georeferenced map using Tile Map Service.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Digital form of a cadastral map'

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