Relevant bibliographies by topics / Digital media September 11 Terrorist Attacks

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Digital media September 11 Terrorist Attacks'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Digital media September 11 Terrorist Attacks"

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De Vries, Nadia. "Corporeal Plasticity and Cultural Trauma: Aestheticized Corpses After 9/11." AM Journal of Art and Media Studies, no. 18 (April 15, 2019): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.25038/am.v0i18.293.

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The events surrounding the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 are well documented in digital image culture. As a traumatic event of the Internet age, the images of 9/11’s aftermath (the falling bodies, the urban ruin) were quickly disseminated on a global scale. One of the images, that of Richard Drew’s Falling Man, holds a particular place in 9/11’s legacy as a cultural-traumatic memory. The photograph, depicting an unidentifiable man who falls to his death before a backdrop of the crumbling World Trade Center, has received both much criticism and acclaim for its vivid depiction of the physical horror that 9/11 brought forward. But the Falling Man is but one of many bodies that emphasized the precariousness of physical structures, human as well as non-human, in a post-9/11 world.Through a discussion of the dead human body in contemporary depictions, including the various reproductions of the Falling Man but also others, I argue that the virtualization of the human corpse affects the way in which the corpse is encountered from an aesthetic, but also ethical perspective. The widespread accessibility that online culture engenders, I contend, places the image of the human corpse within an unprecedentedly global reach. What, I ask, does this new, web-based access to the political human corpse mean for the cultural memory that it leaves behind?How to cite this article: de Vries, Nadia: "Corporeal Plasticity and Cultural Trauma: Aestheticized Corpses After 9/11." AM Journal of Art and Media Studies 18 (2019): 117–125. doi: 10.25038/am.v0i18.293Article received: December 2, 2018; Article accepted: January 23, 2019; Published online: April 15, 2019; Original scholarly paper
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Lachlan, Kenneth A., Patric R. Spence, and Matthew Seeger. "Terrorist attacks and uncertainty reduction: media use after September 11." Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression 1, no. 2 (May 2009): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19434470902771683.

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Stickley, Andrew, Hans Oh, Tomiki Sumiyoshi, Zui Narita, Aya Shirama, Jae Il Shin, and Kyle Waldman. "The September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, media exposure, and psychotic experiences among Asian and Latino Americans." Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 74, no. 10 (August 11, 2020): 572–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pcn.13115.

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Rukavisnjikov, Vladimir. "The Russians and the American 'war on terrorism': Lessons learned after September 11." Medjunarodni problemi 54, no. 4 (2002): 379–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp0204379r.

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Paper deals with the Russian perception of the American 'war against terrorism' started after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York and the Pentagon. It shows how the Russian attitudes towards the American foreign policy have changed during the first year of this war - from September 11, 2001 to September 11, 2002. The American 'global war on terrorism' is reviving and crystallizing deep-seated cultural and ideological differences between the United States and Russia and becoming a factor jeopardizing global stability. The analysis is based on data of opinion surveys, official documents and messages conveyed to the public by the national electronic and printed media.
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Roy, Sudeshna, and Susan Dente Ross. "The circle of terror: strategic localizations of global media terror meta-discourses in the US, India and Scotland." Media, War & Conflict 4, no. 3 (December 2011): 287–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750635211420631.

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This critical discourse analysis (CDA) examines media commentary on terror events in three countries in which the events occurred – the US, India and Scotland – to explore and compare the media’s role in the construction, ideological conception, and recommended response to terrorism. Media commentary in each of the three countries is juxtaposed to expose similarities and differences in editorials about the 11 September 2001 (9/11) attacks in the US, the 26 November 2008 terrorist attacks in Mumbai, India, and the release of the Lockerbie bomber on 20 August 2009 in Scotland. The authors argue that the collective (inter)national media construction of ‘terrorism event spheres’ transcends a specific terrorist event, national boundary and time to confine and define what is, and is not, terrorism. They discursively exclude from public discourse ‘reality zones’ associated with the political, historical, social, religious, cultural and ideological positions, and justifications of terrorism. There are also observed localizations of the global terror discourse suggesting internal particularities and contexts within which the terror events occur.
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Pfefferbaum, Betty, Jayme M. Palka, and Carol S. North. "Associations between News Media Coverage of the 11 September Attacks and Depression in Employees of New York City Area Businesses." Behavioral Sciences 11, no. 3 (February 27, 2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs11030029.

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Research has examined the association between contact with media coverage of mass trauma events and various psychological outcomes, including depression. Disaster-related depression research is complicated by the relatively high prevalence of the major depressive disorder in general populations even without trauma exposure. The extant research is inconclusive regarding associations between disaster media contact and depression outcomes, in part, because most studies have not distinguished diagnostic and symptomatic outcomes, differentiated postdisaster incidence from prevalence, or considered disaster trauma exposures. This study examined these associations in a volunteer sample of 254 employees of New York City businesses after the 11 September 2001, terrorist attacks. Structured interviews and questionnaires were administered 35 months after the attacks. Poisson and logistic regression analyses revealed that post-9/11 news contact significantly predicted the number of postdisaster persistent/recurrent and incident depressive symptoms in the full sample and in the indirect and unexposed groups. The findings suggest that clinical and public health approaches should be particularly alert to potential adverse postdisaster depression outcomes related to media consumption in disaster trauma-unexposed or indirectly-exposed groups.
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Ben Moussa, Mohamed. "Global and local media dynamics in identity construction among British Muslims after September 11." Stream: Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication 4, no. 1 (June 10, 2009): 8–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21810/strm.v4i1.32.

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The terrorist attacks of September 11 have become a defining moment not only in the history of the US where they took place, but also in the history of Muslims around the world, particularly those living in Western countries. Muslim diasporas in the West have found themselves at the heart of global events and networks: a global war on terrorism, global flows of images and ideas, and a global Muslim community or Umma. Central to these various processes is undoubtedly the role played by new media and communication technologies, mainly transnational TV channels. Thus, based on an ethnographic study conducted in the city of Leeds, this paper explores the dialectic between local and transnational media, particularly British media and Arab satellite television channels, and the extent to which they have shaped identity building among British Muslims after September11. It argues that the use, appropriation and consumption of these media do certainly have a significant impact on how British Muslims define themselves. However, it demonstrates also that this role is far from being deterministic and it is only one among many other factors that condition identity building among British Muslims.
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Noble, Greg, and Scott Poynting. "Acts of War: Military Metaphors in Representations of Lebanese Youth Gangs." Media International Australia 106, no. 1 (February 2003): 110–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0310600112.

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The media representations of the terrorist attacks of September 11 in the United States and their aftermath bear strong similarities to the media coverage of ‘Lebanese youth gangs' over the last few years — both rely significantly on the metaphor of war. This paper explores two media narratives about Lebanese youth gangs which draw on this metaphor — the first deploys a simple us/them structure which, like the dominant Western reportage of the terrorist crisis, turns on a form of moral reduction in which the forces of good and evil are relatively clear. The accumulated imagery of Lebanese gangs, drugs, crime, violence and ‘ethnic gang rape’ articulates a dangerous otherness of those of Arabic-speaking background — echoed in the coverage of the terrorist ‘attack on America'. This simple narrative, however, gives way to a second, emerging narrative about Lebanese youth gangs which also relies on the metaphor of war but acknowledges the moral duplicity of both ‘combatants' — registering the culpability of the state and its police service but distancing ‘the ordinary Australian ‘from this culpability. The second narrative, like the first, tries to recuperate a moral innocence for the ‘ordinary Australian’, but in doing so underlines a crisis in Australian multiculturalism.
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Caeti, Tory J., John Liederbach, and Steven S. Bellew. "Police-Media Relations at Critical Incidents: Interviews from Oklahoma City." International Journal of Police Science & Management 7, no. 2 (May 2005): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/ijps.7.2.86.65776.

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The policing of critical incident scenes, including natural disasters, hazardous materials spills, hostage situations, and terrorist attacks, has become an especially salient topic in the post-September 11 environment. Given the attention-grabbing nature of these events, police administrators are often faced with the task of building and maintaining relationships with members of the media at these scenes, primarily reporters and their crews who often pursue goals that are in direct conflict with those of law enforcement. This article examines the issues related to police—media relations at critical incident scenes using interview data from subjects involved in policing the scene of the Oklahoma City bombing and the related trials of Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols. These interviews provide a context for the presentation of guidelines important to police administrators who must be able to forge successful relationships with the media at critical incidents.
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Ambrosio De Nelson, Sonia. "Southeast Asian Press Coverage of Terrorism and the Bali Bombing." Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 20 (April 10, 2004): 47–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v20i0.32.

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The war against terrorism is being carried out not only in Afghanistan where it was first declared but also in the media around the world. Southeast Asia became a focus of international attention after the U.S. administration identified the region as the second front in the fight against terrorism following the attacks in the United States on 11 September 2001. The perception that the region is a cradle for terrorism was reinforced by the Bali bombing in October 2002. The event was the first major terrorist attack after 11 September, and the worst act of violence against foreigners in Indonesia, a country that has been under continuous international pressure to be decisive in the fight against terrorism. Although the media can function as the source of people's information, it can provide interpretations of the social construction of ideas and images. Like the media in all parts of the world, the media in Southeast Asia function within some form of governmental, societal, and economic constraints. Journalists are encouraged to support their governments' efforts to develop the nation and instil a sense of national identity. In such a setting journalists, consciously or not, end up not only reflecting but also spreading the dominant view of the society's elite. This transnational comparative study involving three mainstream English-language newspapers from Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore examines the reportage of the Bali bombing.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Digital media September 11 Terrorist Attacks"

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Bartone, Christopher A. "News Media Narrative and the Iraq War, 2001-2003: How the Classical Hollywood Narrative Style Dictates Storytelling Techniques in Mainstream Digital News Media and Challenges Traditional Ethics in Journalism." Ohio : Ohio University, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1149531650.

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Glade, Tyrone Hamilton. "September 11, 2001 : an individual media dependency perspective /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd600.pdf.

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Pelser, Waldimar. "September 11, 2001 : framing the attacks in America's press." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53051.

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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The attacks on New York and Washington on September 11 2001 constituted a singular media event. On the front pages of America's newspapers and in its pre-eminent news magazines unfolded, in the immediate wake of the blitz, a portrayal that uncontroversially legitimised claims to American innocence, fomented moral certitude through parallels with previous wars and anticipated retaliation that would soon enough engulf Afghanistan. Showing, first, that accounts of reality are always social constructions, the "framing" of September 11 in America's press will be evaluated with reference to 122 newspaper front pages, most from September 12, some from the day of the attacks, and two American news magazines. The emergence of a discourse of war will be considered, as well as the perpetuation within and without of the press of dominant views on America's role in the conflict. The extent to which this "popular frame" selectively excluded inconvenient truths is illustrated in critiques of john Pilger and Noam Chomsky, and an assessment of the politics of defining "terror". The analysis is placed within the normative framework of orthodox joumalism ethics, particularly the values of impartiality and objectivity, concluding that, in democracy, a responsible media better serves the public interest through sustained criticism than compliant patriotism.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die aanvalle op New York en Washington op 11 September 2001 was 'n uitsonderlike mediagebeurtenis. Direk daarna het 'n uitbeelding op die voorblaaie van Amerika se koerante en in twee voorste nuustydskrifte ontvou wat aansprake op Amerikaanse onskuld sonder omhaal sou legitimeer, parallelle met vorige oorloë in die diens van morele daadkragtigheid sou oproep, en wraakaanvalle sou antisipeer wat kort daarna in Afghanistan sou woed. Met as vertrekpunt die argument dat enige weergawe van realiteit 'n sosiale konstruksie is, word die uitbeelding ("framing") van die aanvalle in die Amerikaanse pers op 122 koerantvoorblaaie, hoofsaaklik van 12 September maar insluitend enkeles van die aanvalsdag self, en in twee Amerikaanse nuustydskrifte hier geevalueer. Die ontluiking van 'n oorlogsdiskoers word bekyk, asook die voortsetting binne en buite die media van heersende sienings oor Amerika se rol in die konflik. Die mate waarin hierdie "populêre omraming" ("framing") ongemaklike waarhede selektief uitgesluit het, word aangetoon in critiques van John Pilger en Noam Chomsky, en 'n oorweging van die politiek agter 'n definisie van "terreur". Die analise voltrek in die normatiewe raamwerk van joernalistieke etiek, veral die waardes van onpartydigheid en objektiviteit, en kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat, in demokrasie, 'n verantwoordelike media die openbare belang beter dien deur volgehou kritiek as deur onderdanige patriotisme.
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Monahan, Brian A. "Media, public drama, and the making of "9/11"." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 0.55 Mb., 309 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3221088.

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McCafferty, Heather. "The representation of Muslim women in American print media : a case study of The New York Times, September 11, 2000-September 11, 2002." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98556.

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This thesis is an examination of representations of Muslim women in the American print media. I focus on one particular publication, The New York Times within a time frame surrounding the events of September 11, 2001. Articles were selected from this publication that fell within the time period of September 11, 2000 to September 11, 2002, in selecting articles, I chose those based on their inclusion of any discussion that clearly identified those discussed as Muslim women, through the use of the words "Muslim" or "Islamic" in their descriptions. The case study was carried out by reading through each daily edition of The New York Times in order to identify any articles that fell within my criteria. I also used an online database containing abstracts of the publication to verify that no article of relevance was overlooked. I then devised 5 categories within which to analyze the representations of Muslim women that were found within these articles, "Veil", "Biographical", "Women's Issues", "Politics" and "Muslims in the West". The main goal of this thesis is to determine how Muslim women are represented within this particular publication and to analyze whether the events of September 11, 2001 had any effect on how Muslim women were portrayed in The New York Times articles.
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Lagonikos, Irene Theodosia. "Ideology in editorials : a comparison of selected editorials in English-medium newspapers after September 11." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002636.

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September 11, 2001 presented the world with events that challenged its conception of reality and called into question current ideologies. In order to make sense of the attacks, people turned to the media for information and interpretation. My interest lies in the media’s role in shaping ideologies as a result of the events of September 11, 2001. I focus on the newspaper editorial because it, in particular, functions not only to report the news but also to interpret the news for the reader. My analysis is centred on the first reaction to the events in five ‘core’ editorials drawn, respectively, from an American, British, South African, Zimbabwean and Kenyan newspaper. The specific focus, in each case, is the representation and evaluation of social actors, the events themselves and the schematic structure of the editorial. I adopt a critical perspective through the use of Critical Discourse Analysis, supported by Systemic Functional Grammar and APPRAISAL. This perspective involves three inter-connected stages of analysis: a Description of the formal discourse properties of each editorial; an Interpretation of the prevailing situational context; and an Explanation of the sociohistorical context in each case. Language, being a form of social practice, is a means by which power relations in society are reproduced or contested (Janks 1997). By analysing the editorials’ discourse I identify whose interests are being served and how each text positions a reader’s attitudes and opinions. My analysis reveals the fact that the editorials distinguish between “us” and “them” groups for the purposes of advancing and confirming in-group ideologies and agendas. This is achieved in each case through comparing the paper’s ideology with the opposing ideology, which is presented as deviant and unsupportive of the in-group. My analysis of the African editorials, in particular, further reveals the exploitation of this division for the purposes of promoting and interpreting local political and social issues. Examination of the processes and conditions surrounding the production of the editorials shows how they are significantly influenced and constrained by the ideologies of both the writer and newspaper owner as well as by the situational context within which they were written. My analysis of the schematic structure of the editorials, in line with Bolivar (1994), reveals consistent use of three-part structures by which editorial opinions are evaluated. In concluding I provide suggestions, based on my research, for how critical language awareness can inform media education at high school level in South Africa. I argue that students should be equipped with tools, such as those I employed, to critically analyse and uncover how language is used to promote ideologies in the editorial of newspapers.
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Walker, Kimberly K. "Differences in objectivity levels of conflict and straight news stories in three newspapers as assessed by coverage, statement, and gatekeeping biases." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1246466.

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While the cannon of objectivity has recently been called into question as the means for evaluating news merit, objectivity continues to harbor public expectation of the news media, especially during times of conflict. Results of past and current objectivity studies of conflict reporting, however, were shown to produce inconsistent and conflicting interpretations of whether the news media is presenting objective coverage of conflicts.To determine objectivity of news coverage, this content analysis examined objectivity differences between three newspapers--the Chicago Tribune, the Indianapolis Star, and the Anderson Herald Bulletin--and how they collectively presented front-page conflict and mainstream straight news stories.The study evaluated the newspapers' collective presentation of the September 11 h terrorist attack for a two-week period from September 12 through September 26, 2001. Presentation of the conflict was compared to a proportionate sample of mainstream straight news stories randomly selected from the months of January through December of 2001.Because the literature review indicated researchers most commonly evaluate news objectivity according to the presence of balance, attribution, or gatekeeping bias, the study assessed differences in objectivity level between conflict and straight news based upon the integration of all three objectivity variables The study's findings suggested that reporting of mainstream straight news was more objective than reporting of the September 11 terrorist attack conflict in the combined three newspapers. Reporting of the terrorist attack was found to be less balanced than reporting of straight news stories, as evidenced by a disproportionate amount of quotations afforded in support of United States war efforts. In addition, conflict stories were found to contain a significantly higher use of negative attributes-non-essential adjectives, inferences, collateral language and non-speech quotes--than straight news stories. Differences between page placement and revelation of theme were found to have no effect on objectivity differences.
Department of Journalism
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Parker, Cherie Jessica. "Before and after 9/11 the portrayal of Arab Americans in U.S. newspapers /." Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002041.

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Lewis, Michael J. "Representations and Discourse of Torture in Post 9/11 Television: An Ideological Critique of 24 and Battlestar Galactica." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1205864439.

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Wagstaff, Audrey E. "PROTECTING THE SOUTHERN BORDER: FRAMING MEXICANS IN A POST-9/11 MEDIA." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1176931680.

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Books on the topic "Digital media September 11 Terrorist Attacks"

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E, Quay Sara, and Damico Amy M, eds. September 11 in popular culture: A guide. Santa Barbara, Calif: Greenwood, 2010.

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Lessons from ground zero: Media response to terror. New Brunswick, N.J: Transaction Publishers, 2010.

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Morcellini, Mario. Torri crollanti: Comunicazione, media e nuovi terrorismi dopo l'11 settembre. Milano, Italy: F. Angeli, 2002.

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Alfieri, Alessandro. Cinema, mass media e la scomparsa della realtà: Immagini e simulacri dell'11 settembre. Milano: Albo versorio, 2013.

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L, Walton Priscilla, ed. American culture transformed: Dialing 9/11. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.

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The shock of the news: Media coverage and the making of 9/11. New York: New York University Press, 2010.

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Niemeyer, Katharina. Die Mediasphären des Terrorismus: Eine mediologische Betrachtung des 11. September. Berlin: Avinus, 2006.

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The shock of the news: Media coverage and the making of 9/11. New York: New York University Press, 2010.

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Terror, Terrorismus und Religion: Populäre Kinofilme nach 9/11. Jena: IKS Garamond, 2009.

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Stern, Tobias. Der 11. September in deutschen und koreanischen Medien: Eine vergleichende Inhaltsanalyse überregionaler Tageszeitungen. Hamburg: DÜI, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Digital media September 11 Terrorist Attacks"

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Robinson, Piers. "10. Media and US foreign policy." In US Foreign Policy. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780199585816.003.0010.

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This chapter examines the influence of media and public opinion on U.S. foreign policy and vice versa. It considers the extent to which the media and public have been manipulated by the government, and the extent to which public opinion and media have shaped foreign policy during tumultuous times such as the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001. It also explores the consequences of public opinion and media for U.S. power in the twenty-first century. The chapter describes pluralist and elite models of the public opinion/ media/foreign policy nexus, long with public and media diplomacy. It concludes with a discussion of the extent to which developments in communication technology have empowered U.S. public opinion and media, as well as the impact of this technology on global U.S. power and influence, in particular in the context of the current war on terror.
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Toal, Gerard, and Fred M. Shelley. "Political Geography." In Geography in America at the Dawn of the 21st Century. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198233923.003.0022.

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The decade and a half since the last review article on political geography by Reynolds and Knight (1989) in Geography In America has been one of extraordinary geopolitical transformation and change. Not only did the Cold War come to an end with the fall of the Berlin Wall and the dissolution of the Soviet Union but the spectacular terrorist attacks of September 2001 brought the “post-Cold War peace” to an end also. In the early 1990s the threat of superpower nuclear war faded as an omnipresent nightmare in international relations. Yet new threats and dangers quickly emerged to take the place of those imagined during the Cold War. Concern grew about “rogue states,” genocidal ethnonationalism, global warming, and the dangers of nuclear proliferation (Halberstam 2001; Klare 1995; Odom 1998). Fears about terrorism also grew with a series of bombings, from Paris, London, and Moscow to Oklahoma City, New York, and Atlanta. United States troops and embassies in Saudi Arabia, Tanzania, Kenya, and Yemen were the targets of terrorist attacks. But it was only after the disruption, shock, and panic of the devastating terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 and subsequent incidents of bioterrorism that world politics was given new definition and clarity by the world’s most powerful state. The new metanarrative of geopolitics is the “war against terror.” Beyond the high dramas of geopolitics, already existing trends in everyday economic and political life deepened in the last decade and a half. New social movements have forced questions concerning the politics of identity and lifestyles onto the political agenda. The globalization of financial markets, telecommunication systems, and the Internet further rearranged governing notions of “here” and “there,” “inside” and “outside,” “near” and “far.” With global media networks broadcasting news twenty-four hours a day and the Internet spreading a world wide web, the “real” geographies of everyday life were becoming strikingly virtual as well as actual (Wark 1994; Mulgan 1997). Informationalization, and the relentless pace of techno-scientific modernity were transforming everyday life and education in the United States’ colleges and universities. Celebrated by the culture of transnational corporate capitalism, these tendencies brought enormous wealth to some, further polarizing income inequalities across the planet while also introducing unprecedented vulnerabilities and uncertainties into what was becoming “global everyday life.”
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Byrne, Caitlin. "9. Public diplomacy." In Foreign Policy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198708902.003.0009.

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This chapter examines public diplomacy as a foreign policy instrument for the contemporary world. Public diplomacy has enjoyed a revival over the past decade, beginning with the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001. Within a few years public diplomacy had become the hottest topic on the diplomacy studies agenda, giving rise to robust new debate about the role and relevance of publics and public opinion in the conduct of foreign policy. The chapter first traces the origins and modern evolution of public diplomacy before discussing its theoretical foundations, with particular emphasis on its soft power underpinnings and constructivist tendencies. It also explores key approaches and instruments to illustrate the broad diversity of a project of public diplomacy. Finally, it assesses the role of new media technologies in extending the reach of public diplomacy and drawing foreign policy more than ever into the public domain.
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Korstanje, Maximiliano Emanuel. "Mediating Death." In Advances in Public Policy and Administration, 169–84. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3032-9.ch011.

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Originally, digital technologies were contemplated by public opinion as instruments which serve to make from this life a safer place. While over recent decades, the digital revolution was oriented to discuss to what extent humans being are credible and agents who can reach objectivity, no less true was that some mass-media paved the pathways for the rise of a new atmosphere of terror, which triggered after 9/11. Doubtless, terrorism, ISIS and 9/11 were the main allegories for the society of consumers. This opens the doors for a paradoxical situation, simply because viewers are enmeshed in a strange fascination for news disseminating crimes, terrorist attacks, calamities and disasters. In earlier research, we have dubbed to this new stage of capitalism, as Thana-Capitalism. In this respect, once conceived as a sign of weakness, consuming others' death implies an aura of superiority for those who have been not touched by death. In the rise of Thana Capitalism, fear and death seem to be two touchstones that mediate between citizens and their institutions.
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Hamburg, David A., and Beatrix A. Hamburg. "Education for Conflict Resolution: From Public Concern to Research to Practice." In Learning to Live Together. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195157796.003.0015.

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Public interest in education for conflict resolution has increased in response to the violence of recent years. Serious articles now appear in newspapers and magazines, reporting research that might explain the background and meaning of the surge in youth violence. This widening concern suggests the real possibility of building a public constituency for education on conflict resolution and related questions. Probing educational policy issues are also being raised in the media. For example, Alina Tugend asked the question, “Do conflict-resolution programs really deliver on their promises to reduce school violence and teach conflict resolution?” in her November 2001 article in the “Education Life” supplement to the New York Times. She examined the existing conflictresolution program of Public School 217 in the Ditmas Park section of Brooklyn in the aftermath of the September 11 terrorist-induced tragedies. She also looked at other conflict-resolution programs nationwide, along with studies that assess their effectiveness. Based on these data, she concludes that overly aggressive and hateful behavior among students can often be reduced, but she noted that to be effective, lessons must be frequent. Brief exposure to one or two presentations of conflict-resolution techniques will do nothing toward improving behavior. In cases of peer mediation, the greatest beneficiaries are the student mediators themselves. Disadvantaged minority students have unique needs that require specific attention. For these students, there are significant differences between the culture at school and the culture in their own homes and communities. These differences can give rise to disputes or overt aggression. The New York Times article goes on to describe the student interest in understanding the events of September 11 and some responses by teachers. For example, the teachers at Brooklyn’s Public School 217 were looking for ways to explain the tragic attacks to their students. They began by using a simple lesson from their existing conflict-resolution program. Because children were almost exclusively focused on the U.S. desire to retaliate, teachers, drawing on the conflict-resolution program, were able to give the students a basis of understanding conflict on an international scale and a framework in which they could identify and articulate their feelings related to conflict. They also offered grief and trauma counseling.
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