Relevant bibliographies by topics / Digital study models

Academic literature on the topic 'Digital study models'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "Digital study models":

1

Laudien, Sven M., and Alexandra Fibitz. "Designing Digital Business Models: A Qualitative Empirical Study." Academy of Management Proceedings 2019, no. 1 (August 1, 2019): 19241. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2019.19241abstract.

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Reuschl, Ralph Philip, Wieland Heuer, Meike Stiesch, Daniela Wenzel, and Marc Philipp Dittmer. "Reliability and validity of measurements on digital study models and plaster models." European Journal of Orthodontics 38, no. 1 (February 27, 2015): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjv001.

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Zhao, Gui Fen. "The Study on Knowledge Service Models in Digital Library." Advanced Materials Research 143-144 (October 2010): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.143-144.43.

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The integration of DL and distance education is a significant topic of theoretical and practical research. This paper mainly discusses the principles of knowledge service of DL and four knowledge service models for distance education under the principles, namely, specialized service model based on subject knowledge base, content-based reference service model, personalized custom-made service model, and teamwork service model. The key point of realizing these models is to take distance education users as the center, set up subject information service platform, personalized information push platform, subject librarian knowledge service platform and platform for learning resource sharing and system interoperability, and properly integrate these platforms.
4

Shen, Xiangxing, Xiangdong Li, Yuan Yang, Chong Shen, and Kae Hsiang Kwong. "China Internet Based Academic Journals Digital Publishing Models Study." Intelligent Information Management 02, no. 08 (2010): 437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/iim.2010.28054.

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Al-Samarrai, Faten F., and Iman I. Al-Sheakli. "Validity of Digital and Rapid Prototyped Orthodontic Study Models." Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry 29, no. 3 (September 2017): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0041186.

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MIYAZAKI, Yusuke. "Multi-scaled Injury Biomechanics Study using Digital Human Models." Proceedings of the Materials and Mechanics Conference 2017 (2017): OS0431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemm.2017.os0431.

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Kotarba, Marcin. "Digital Transformation of Business Models." Foundations of Management 10, no. 1 (July 27, 2018): 123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fman-2018-0011.

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Abstract The goal of the article is to present the scope of changes in the morphology of business models in contemporary organizations that took place in the recent decades, because of the massive technological development, framed under the concept of “digital transformation (DT).” An enhanced business model canvas concept is used as a base for presenting the changes, with a general time cutoff set in the year 2000. For the period before and after this measurement date, key elements of the business model and the drivers of their transformation are documented in a structured form and commented, together with practical conclusions and proposed further study areas
8

Fleming, PS, V. Marinho, and A. Johal. "Orthodontic measurements on digital study models compared with plaster models: a systematic review." Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research 14, no. 1 (November 22, 2010): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-6343.2010.01503.x.

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Krishnan, Vinod. "Conventional or digital – Orthodontic study models are here to stay!" Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists 10, no. 2 (June 2021): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejwf.2021.05.002.

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10

Suryajaya, William, Maria Purbiati, and Nada Ismah. "Accuracy of digital dental models and three-dimensional printed dental models in linear measurements and Bolton analysis." F1000Research 10 (September 1, 2021): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.31865.2.

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Background: Due to advances in digital technology, it is possible to obtain digital dental models through intraoral scanning. The stereolithographic data collected from the scanner can subsequently be printed into a three-dimensional dental model in resinic material. However, the accuracy between digital dental models and printed dental models needs to be evaluated since it might affect diagnosis and treatment planning in orthodontic treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of digital models scanned by a Trios intraoral scanner and three-dimensional dental models printed using a Formlabs 2 3D printer in linear measurements and Bolton analysis. Methods: A total of 35 subjects were included in this study. All subjects were scanned using a Trios intraoral scanner to obtain digital study models. Stereolithographic data from previous scanning was printed using a Formlabs 2 3D printer to obtain printed study models. Mesiodistal, intercanine, intermolar, and Bolton analysis from all types of study models were measured. The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to assess intraobserver and interobserver reliability. All data were then statistically analyzed. Results: The reliability tests were high for both intraobserver and interobserver reliability, which demonstrates high reproducibility for all measurements on all model types. Most of the data compared between study models showed no statistically significant differences, though some data differed significantly. However, the differences are considered clinically insignificant. Conclusion: Digital dental models and three-dimensional printed dental models may be used interchangeably with plaster dental models for diagnostic and treatment planning purposes. Keywords: Accuracy, 3D printing, digital dental model, printed dental model.
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Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Digital study models":

1

Kriel, Earl Ari Mac. "Accuracy of orthodontic digital study models." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4513.

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Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)
Background: Plaster study models are routinely used in an Orthodontic practice. With the recent introduction of digital models, an alternative is now available, whereby three dimensional images of models can be analyzed on a computer. Aims and objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the measurements taken on digital models created from scanning the impression, digital models created from scanning the plaster model, and measurements done on the plaster models. The objectives were: Measurement differences between those taken directly on plaster models compared with measurements on digital models created from scanned impressions and digital models created from scanned plaster models. Methods: The study sample was selected from the patient records of one Orthodontist. They consisted of 26 pre-treatment records of patients that were coming for orthodontic treatment. Alginate impressions were taken of the maxillary and the mandibular arches. Each impression was scanned using a 3Shape R700™ scanner. Ortho Analyzer software from 3Shape was used to take the measurements on the digital study models. Within 24 hours plaster study models were cast from the impressions, and were scanned using a 3Shape R700™ scanner. On the plaster models the measurements were done with a MAX-CAL electronic digital calliper. The mesiodistal width as well as intermolar and intercanine width for both the maxillary and mandibular models were recorded.Results and discussion: Box plots used to compare the variability in each of the three measurement methods, suggest that measurements are less variable for Plaster. Plaster measurements for tooth widths were significantly higher (mean 7.79) compared to a mean of 7.74 for Digital Plaster and 7.69 for Digital impression. A mixed model analysis showed no significant difference among methods for arch width. Conclusions: Digital models offer a highly accurate alternative to the plaster models with a high degree of accuracy. The differences between the measurements recorded from the plaster and digital models are likely to be clinically acceptable.
2

Madhoo, Amika. "A comparison of three types of orthodontic study models." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8126.

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Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)
The aim of this present study was to compare the accuracy of digital and printed study models with plaster study models, that are considered the gold standard. The objectives were to compare the accuracy of measurements obtained from digital and printed study models with those of plaster study models, to establish which type of study model yielded the most accurate measurements in comparison to plaster study models and to identify possible disadvantages and errors that can be made using any of the three types of study models.
3

Wendel, Alexander. "Service Innovation and Business Models : A Case Study of A Small Swedish ICT Company." Thesis, KTH, Industriell Management, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-127811.

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Innovation has become of increased importance to a company’ competitive advantage during the past years. Over the years, the importance of services has increased. Information and Tele- Communication Technologies (ICT) have become a supportive role in almost any type of industry. The ICT market is continuously changing at a very high pace. In order to cope with these changes, companies active within the IT and software industry needs to unceasingly maintain their solutions up to date. This thesis provides a case study on Digital Marketing AB, a small company active in the ITindustry, delivering tools for planning, sending, and analyzing digital marketing campaigns. Digital Marketing AB operates within a market that is changing rapidly. As new technologies emerge, existing technologies becomes known, and low-cost versions of the present technology appears in the market, eroding revenues from more differentiated services. Furthermore, if the companies are small, and do not have the same financial resources as bigger actors, it is important for these companies to rely on other types of strengths. Companies also need to make sure that they are able to sell the new technology in a way that is attractive to their customers, but at the same time profitable for the company. In other words, they need to integrate the new technology in a business model. The thesis concludes that Digital Marketing AB needs to develop new technology with regards to a specific target customer group, but also to work together with the customers in order to develop an attractive and competitive business model. Furthermore, the thesis concludes that how the business model will be designed will determine the success of adopting a new technology. Other issues that arise who have to do with the design of the business model are how to package and position the new technology.
Under de senaste åren har innovation har blivit ett allt viktigare bidrag till ett företags konkurrensfördelar. Betydelsen av tjänster har dessutom ökat. IT och telekommunikation (ICT) har kommit att spela en viktig roll i nästan alla typer av industrier. Denna marknad ändras mycket snabbt och kontinuerligt. För att bemöta dessa förändringar måste företag som är aktiva inom IT- och mjukvaruindustrin ständigt hålla sina lösningar uppdaterade. Detta examensarbete består av en fallstudie utförd på ett litet företag aktivt i IT-branschen, referat till som Digital Marketing AB. Företaget levererar ett system för att planera, sända och analysera digitala marknadsföringskampanjer. Digital Marketing AB konkurrerar på en marknad som förändras i mycket hög takt. Då nya teknologier växer fram blir de existerande lösningarna kända vilket ger utrymme för lågkostnadsalternativ som eroderar intäkter från mer differentierade tjänster. Om dessa företag vars intäkter eroderas dessutom är mindre företag som inte har samma finansiella resurser som de större företagen, måste de förlita sig på andra typer av styrkor. Företag måste även se till att kunna sälja tekniken de producerar på ett sätt som är attraktivt för kunden, men som samtidigt är lönsamt för företaget. De måste integrera sin teknik i en affärsmodell. Examensarbetet visar på att Digital Marketing AB bör utveckla sin affärsmodell dedicerad åt en specifik målgrupp, och dessutom göra det tillsammans med potentiella kunder för att affärsmodellen skall bli attraktiv och konkurrenskraftig. Dessutom visar arbetet på att beroende på hur affärsmodellen utformas, kommer att avgöras hur pass framgångsrik affärsmodellen kommer att vara. Andra frågor som uppstår i samband med utvecklingen av affärsmodellen har att göra med hur tekniken skall paketeras och positioneras.
4

Konakovic, Damir. "Orthodontic diagnostics and measurements on digital study models made with an intraoral scanner." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Odontologiska fakulteten (OD), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-19970.

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Introduktion:Modellanalys har traditionellt gjorts på fysiska gipsmodeller. Idag finns ny teknik som möjliggör framställning av digitala modeller utan behov av konventionella avtryck. Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka tillförlitligheten hos digitala modeller framställda med en intraoral scanner, patientupplevelsen och olika tidsaspekter förenade med tekniken.Metod:På ett urval av 20 vuxna personer gjordes både konventionell avtryckstagning och en intraoral scanning (TRIOS, 3Shape) av bettet för framställning av gipsmodeller och digitala modeller. Den kliniska tidsåtgången mättes och personerna besvarade ett frågeformulär gällande sin upplevelse av metoderna. Fyra observatörer diagnostiserade bettrelationer och utförde ortodontiska mätningar på gipsmodeller med ett skjutmått och digitala modeller med OrthoAnalyzer Orthodontics (3Shape, Danmark). Tidsåtgången mättes för digital- respektive konventionell modellanalys. Statistiska analyser gjordes utifrån Paired samples t test, korstabeller och frekvensanalys.Resultat:Diagnostik av horisontella-, vertikala- och transversella bettrelationer på digitala modeller har hög tillförlitlighet. Få statistiskt signifikanta skillnader fanns för linjära mätningar på digitala modeller jämfört med gipsmodeller. För majoriteten av observatörerna tog digital modellanalys längre tid än konventionell modellanalys. Likaså var den kliniska tidsåtgången för intraoral scanning signifikant längre än för konventionell avtryckstagning och metoden prioriterades lägre av försökspersonerna.Konklusion:Digitala modeller framställda med en intraoral scanner är en tillförlitlig metod för ortodontisk diagnostik och terapiplanering. Tekniken har en rad fördelar och förbättras ständigt men dess acceptans för den enskilde klinikern blir i slutändan en kostnadsfråga.
Introduction:Model analysis has traditionally been carried out on physical plaster models. New technology allows the production of digital models without the need for conventional impressions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of digital models made with an intraoral scanner, patient experience and different time aspects associated with this technology.Methods:A sample of 20 adults was selected. Plaster models and digital models were obtained from conventional impressions and an intraoral scanning (TRIOS, 3Shape) respectively. The clinical time required for impression taking and intraoral scanning was recorded and the subjects were asked to answer a questionnaire regarding their experience of both methods. Four independent examiners diagnosed malocclusions and performed measurements with a digital caliper on plaster models and by using OrthoAnalyzer Orthodontics (3Shape, Denmark) for digital models. Time required for digital- and conventional model analysis respectively, was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed by using Paired samples t test, crosstabs and frequency analysis.Results:Diagnostics of horizontal-, vertical- and transversal malocclusions with digital models showed high validity. Few statistically significant differences were found for measurements made on digital models compared to direct measurements on plaster models. For a majority of the examiners, digital model analysis was more time consuming than conventional model analysis. Also, clinical time required for intraoral scanning was significantly greater than for conventional impression taking. The subjects preferred conventional impression taking.Conclusions:Digital models made with an intraoral scanner are a reliable method for orthodontic diagnostics and treatment planning. The technique has a number of advantages and is constantly improving but its acceptance depends ultimately on the cost-effectiveness ratio to the individual practitioner.
5

Lin, Yue. "A Comparison Study on Natural and Head/tail Breaks Involving Digital Elevation Models." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-15609.

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The most widely used classification method for statistical mapping is Jenks’s natural breaks. However, it has been found that natural breaks is not good at classifying data which have scaling property. Scaling property is ubiquitous in many societal and natural phenomena. It can be explained as there are far more smaller things than larger ones. For example, there are far more shorter streets than longer ones, far more smaller street blocks than bigger ones, and far more smaller cities than larger ones. Head/tail breaks is a new classification scheme that is designed for values that exhibit scaling property. In Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), there are far more lower elevation points than higher elevation points. This study performs both head/tail breaks and natural breaks for values from five resolutions of DEMs. The aim of this study is to examine advantages and disadvantages of head/tail breaks classification scheme compared with natural breaks. One of the five resolutions of DEMs is given as an example to illustrate the principle behind the head/tail breaks in the case study.The results of head/tail breaks for five resolutions are slightly different from each other in number of classes or level of details. The similar results of comparisons support the previous finding that head/tail breaks is advantaged over natural breaks in reflecting the hierarchy of data. But the number of classes could be reduced for better statistical mapping. Otherwise the top values, which are very little, would be nearly invisible in the map.A main conclusion to be drawn from this study is that head/tail breaks classification scheme is advantaged over natural breaks in presenting hierarchy or scaling of elevation data, with the top classes gathered into one. Another conclusion is when the resolution gets higher; the scaling property gets more striking.
6

Zhang, Shi Xue. "Study of progressive LOD techniques on static and dynamic models in digital geometry processing." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2120098.

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Hogg, Cameron. "Understanding the potential of digital technologies in enhancing retail business models: an exploratory study." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64854.

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Retail business models on a global scale are undergoing seismic shifts. The advancement brought about by technologies are blurring the boundaries between physical and virtual stores. In the context of South Africa, this could not be more evident in the retail sector. Retailers are ramping up operations in an effort to start servicing and interacting with customers across the omni-channel. This study seeks to gain a deeper understanding of how digital technologies are enhancing the retail business model and examine what challenges have been encountered through the integration process. An exploratory, qualitative research approach was used to investigate and acquire rich insights from the experiences of senior executives of listed entities in the retail sector. A total of eleven semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted. Data was analysed on the basis of building on key constructs identified from the literature, in an effort to understand what role digital technologies are having in enhancing retail business models. This research study confirmed that digital technologies are prevalent and are having an active role in advancing retailer business models. Principal findings indicated that people, system infrastructure, and communication are all key components which have been enhanced in the business model through digital technology adoption.
Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
za2018
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
8

Charrier, Richard Li Yingkui. "Assessing the resolution effects of digital elevation models on automated floodplain delineation a case study from the Camp Creek Watershed in Missouri /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5337.

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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on December 21, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Yingkui (Philip) Li. Includes bibliographical references.
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Patel, Parvati, and Nahian Hussain. "Digital environmental certification process by using BIM – models : A study on visualization of environmental parameters." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300095.

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The ability to enter in information about the building’s function in an open buildingmodel is admittedly not an innovative technology but in regards to those aspects ofwhich this project concerns - that is the building’s environmental performance interms of energy, indoor climate, and daylight— has knowingly not been explored. This thesis explores developing work processes as well as methods for working in acoordinated digital model with buildings environmental certification aspects. Thework emphasizes on the aspects of the environmental certification systems that arenormally examined using simulation tools, that being those aspects which pertain tothe building’s function, and whose calculated results are a determining factor for thebuilding’s design. A demonstration is presented to interviewees where threeindicators from Miljöbyggnad is visualized to identify the pros and cons with thenewly proposed method of working. The study shows that BIM is an interesting tool to use during the design phase. Thefact that the technology is advancing is nothing new, but the development of a moredigitalized environmental certification process should be considered. A visualpresentation provides a broader understanding of the working group and externalactors and is a favorable method to use during the project's workflow. The results from the interviews show that none of the companies use BIM as acomplement to the technical reports during the environmental certification process.The knowledge about BIM among designers and environmental coordinators is verysmall, however, there is great interest in the new proposed way of working. This study brings attention to the digitization of the environmental certificationprocess in a more efficient way, as well as a demonstration of the software Solibriand Revit that generate BIM during the environmental certification process. Theresults have shown that a visual presentation is a useful complement to the technicalreports but not good enough to replace them. The conclusion is that the new proposed working method cannot be implementedwithout the BIM-Link program. BIM - Link is a link that connects the results fromthe building simulation to the object-based model and the review tool. This programis not available as a test variant and this requires the purchase of a license.
Förmågan att skriva in information om byggnadens funktion i en öppenbyggnadsmodell är visserligen inte en ny teknik, men med avseende på de aspektersom detta projekt berör, dvs byggnadens miljöprestanda i termer av energi,inneklimat och dagsljus, har detta veterligen inte utforskats. Detta examensarbete behandlar arbetsprocesser samt metoder för att arbeta medbyggnaders miljöcertifieringsaspekter i en samordnad digital modell.En visuell demonstration presenterades för intervjukandidater där tre indikatorer frånMiljöbyggnad – solvärmelast, dagsljusfaktor och termiskt klimat (PPD) –visualiseras för att upptäcka för och nackdelar med det nya förslagna arbetssättet. Enfallstudie genomfördes på ett nyproducerat bostadshus för att kontrollera omresultatet från byggnadssimuleringen går att implementera både i den objektbaserademodellen och granskningsverktyget. Resultatet från intervjuerna visar att ingen av företagen utnyttjar BIM i störreutsträckning men att en visuellpresentation skulle kunna användas som ettkomplement till de tekniska rapporterna under miljöcertifieringsprocessen.Kunskapen om BIM hos projektörer är stor men väldigt liten hos miljösamordnaredäremot finns ett stort intresse för det nya förslagna arbetssättet. Studien visar att BIM är ett intressant verktyg att använda sig av underprojekteringsskedet. Att tekniken går fort fram är inget nytt, men utvecklingen av ettmer digitaliserat miljöcertifieringsprocess bör tas i under olika byggskeden. Envisuell presentation ger en bredare förståelse för arbetsgruppen samt utomståendeaktörer och är en gynnsam metod att använda sig utav under projektets arbetsgång.Slutsatsen är att det nya förslagna arbetssättet går att implementera både i denobjektbaserade modellen och granskningsverktyget. Denna studie medför även uppmärksamhet kring digitalisering avmiljöcertifieringsprocess på ett mer effektivt sätt, samt en demonstration avmiljöparametrar med hjälp av BIM under miljöcertifieringprocessen. Resultatet harpåvisat att en visuell presentation är ett nyttigt komplement till de tekniskarapporterna men inte tillräckligt bra för att ersätta dessa.
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Verigan, Adam. "Improving Pediatric Cardiology Consultation Methods by Introducing Digital Interactive 3-D Heart Models: A Proof of Concept Study." Scholar Commons, 2007. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3847.

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The purpose of a pediatric cardiology consultation is to inform, or educate, the patient and family of all aspects surrounding a certain congenital heart defect. Consultation education methods and materials may include verbal descriptions, two-dimensional (2-D) heart diagrams, and take-home pamphlets. Because the human heart is a complex three-dimensional (3-D) object, the problem lies within the clarity to which these methods are performed by the doctors and understood by the patients and families. Therefore, during a consultation the cardiologist must a) possess the ability to describe a defect visually as well as verbally and b) ensure that the patient and family have a clear understanding of the situation. In this work a method to improve patient consultation is outlined. Heart model segmentation methods from Cardiac MRA images are discussed by using the Materialise Mimics 10.11 software. EduView, the proposed software application solution, provides the user with traditional verbal descriptions and 2-D heart diagrams along with the ability to interact with a digital 3-D human heart model. By including a 3-D approach, the purpose is to assist the cardiologist in explaining a defect while further educating the patient and family. Sun Microsystems Java technology was utilized in order to program the application. Implementation of the software solution is outlined and the results from two surveys involving parents of children with congenital heart defects and pediatric cardiologists are presented. This study outlines a proof of concept. There is significant potential for extending and marketing this tool for future clinical use.
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Books on the topic "Digital study models":

1

Halliday, Leah. Economic models for the digital library: A supporting study in the JISC Electronic Libraries (eLib) Programme. London: Library Information Technology Centre, South Bank University, 1999.

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L, Jones Joseph. Updating flood maps efficiently using existing hydraulic models, very-high-accuracy elevation data, and a geographic information system: A pilot study on the Nisqually River, Washington. Tacoma, Wash: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2001.

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Waters, Jake. A study of factors techniques and models for use in the launch of new stations in the multi-channel digital environment. London: LCP, 1999.

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Henderson, Lyn. Stimulated recall and mental models: Tools for teaching and learning computer information literacy. Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press, 2006.

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Pashencev, Dmitriy, Aleksandra Dorskaya, and Maksim Zaloilo. The concept of a digital state and a digital legal environment. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1288140.

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The development of digital technologies, large-scale digitalization that has covered all advanced countries, the entry of states into the era of the sixth technological order lead to significant changes in the state itself, its structure and functions. The monograph reveals the fundamental transformations of the modern state under the influence of the digital and technological vector of its development. Special attention is paid to qualitative technological changes in the main areas of state activity, the processes of creating legal norms (law-making) and their practical implementation (legal realization). The digital state emerging under the influence of new technologies acts as a theoretical model of the state of the future. Going beyond the strict scientific rationality in its classical sense allowed us to study the post-modern state, the phenomenon of which is increasingly becoming a reality and is embodied through the digital legal environment. For scientists, practitioners of public authorities, graduate students, students of law faculties.
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Buschkühle, Carl-Peter. Die Welt als Spiel. Oberhausen: Athena, 2007.

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Dibazar, Pedram, and Judith Naeff, eds. Visualizing the Street. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462984356.

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From user-generated images of streets to professional architectural renderings, and from digital maps and drone footages to representations of invisible digital ecologies, this collection of essays analyses the emergent practices of visualizing the street. Today, advancements in digital technologies of the image have given rise to the production and dissemination of imagery of streets and urban realities in multiple forms. The ubiquitous presence of digital visualizations has in turn created new forms of urban practice and modes of spatial encounter. Everyone who carries a smartphone not only plays an increasingly significant role in the production, editing and circulation of images of the street, but also relies on those images to experience urban worlds and to navigate in them. Such entangled forms of image-making and image-sharing have constructed new imaginaries of the street and have had a significant impact on the ways in which contemporary and future streets are understood, imagined, documented, navigated, mediated and visualized. Visualizing the Street investigates the social and cultural significance of these new developments at the intersection of visual culture and urban space. The interdisciplinary essays provide new concepts, theories and research methods that combine close analyses of street images and imaginaries with the study of the practices of their production and circulation. The book covers a wide range of visible and invisible geographies — From Hong Kong’s streets to Rio’s favelas, from Sydney’s suburbs to London’s street markets, and from Damascus’ war-torn streets to Istanbul’s sidewalks — and engages with multiple ways in which visualizations of the street function to document street protests and urban change, to build imaginaries of urban communities and alternate worlds, and to help navigate streetscapes.
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Zabelina, Ol'ga, Irina Omel'chenko, Anna Mayorova, and Ekaterina Safonova. Human resource Development in the Digital Age: Strategic Challenges, Challenges, and Opportunities. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1243772.

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The monograph, based on the identification of trends and problems of changes in the demand and supply of skills, as well as the study of modern mechanisms of their formation and actualization, substantiates the priority areas of human resources development in the Russian Federation that meet the strategic challenges of the period of digital transformation of the labor sphere. The authors identify and systematize current and future trends related to changes in the demand for professions and skills in the Russian and global labor markets. The directions of transformation of the demand for skills and professions in the conditions of digitalization of the economy, skills and professions of the future are determined. Quantitative and qualitative imbalances and trends in labor supply and demand in the Russian labor market are identified (based on statistical analysis of data from 2009-2019). The features and problems of supply and demand of professions/skills in the segments of the Russian labor market covered by Internet recruitment are identified (based on data from resume parsing and vacancies of Internet recruitment portals in 2018 and 2020). Methodological approaches to identifying widely-and poorly-demanded skills are proposed and tested during the competence analysis of labor supply and demand using Big Data technologies.the competence profile of the vacancies of the professional core and extra - skills. An innovative author's approach to assessing the potential of skills capitalization — a possible increase in the salary of an applicant due to the expansion of the set of skills that he has-is proposed and tested. The current policy directions of formation and improvement of skills of the population in the Russian Federation are identified and systematized. The strategic challenges of the period of digital transformation of the labor sphere facing the Russian Federation and the priority areas of human resources development that meet these challenges are identified. The conclusions and recommendations can be used in the work of the Ministry of Labor of Russia, Rostrud, the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, the Ministry of Education of Russia, government authorities, employment services of the Russian regions, as well as organizations of the professional education system.
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Kaya, Şinasi. Uydu görüntüleri ve sayısal arazi modeli kullanılarak Kuzey Anadolu fayı Gelibolu-Işıklar Dağı kesiminin jeomorfolojik-jeolojik özelliklerinin incelenmesi =: Study of geomorphological and geological characteristics along the northern strand of the North Anatolian fault between Gelibolu and Işıklar Mountain by using remote sensing data and digital elevation model. Maslak, İstanbul: Türkiye Deprem Vakfı, 2000.

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Wirtz, Bernd W. Digital Business Models: Concepts, Models, and the Alphabet Case Study. Springer, 2020.

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Book chapters on the topic "Digital study models":

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Wirtz, Bernd W. "Google/Alphabet Case Study." In Digital Business Models, 207–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13005-3_11.

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Jabłoński, Adam, and Marek Jabłoński. "Case study of a digital business model." In Digital Business Models, 167–83. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021. |: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429322679-6.

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Ugray, Zsolt, David Paper, and Jeffrey Johnson. "How Business Value Is Extracted from Operational Data: A Case Study." In Digital Business Models, 117–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96902-2_5.

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Hu, Haotian, Sanhong Deng, Haoxiang Lu, and Dongbo Wang. "A Comparative Study on the Classification Performance of Machine Learning Models for Academic Full Texts." In Sustainable Digital Communities, 713–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43687-2_61.

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Wang, KanLiang, Yuan Wang, and JingTao Yao. "A Comparative Study on Marketing Mix Models for Digital Products." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 660–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11600930_66.

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Kyei, Kwaku, Pavol Zavarsky, Dale Lindskog, and Ron Ruhl. "A Review and Comparative Study of Digital Forensic Investigation Models." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 314–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39891-9_20.

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Härting, Ralf-Christian, Marcel Bäuerle, Kevin Bilge, Lisa Fleischer, Nadja Landgraf, and Marcel Wicher. "Potentials of Digital Business Models in Tourism—A Quantitative Study." In Agents and Multi-Agent Systems: Technologies and Applications 2021, 311–21. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2994-5_26.

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Reyes, Juan Francisco, Villie Morocho, and Priscila Cedillo. "Applying Maturity Models in Organizations for Digital Transformation: A Comparative Study." In Communication, Smart Technologies and Innovation for Society, 721–31. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4126-8_64.

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Bhoopalam, K., K. Maly, R. Mukkamala, M. Zubair, D. Agrawal, and D. Kaminsky. "A Comparative Study of Specification Models for Autonomic Access Control of Digital Rights." In Digital Rights Management. Technologies, Issues, Challenges and Systems, 102–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11787952_8.

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Härting, Ralf, Raphael Kaim, Lisa Fleischer, and Alexander Sprengel. "Potentials of Digital Business Models in Tourism—Qualitative Study with German Experts." In Proceedings of Fifth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology, 119–26. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5859-7_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Digital study models":

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Calin, Alexandru. "LANDSLIDES STUDY ANALYSES BY DIGITAL TERRAIN MODELS." In 13th SGEM GeoConference on INFORMATICS, GEOINFORMATICS AND REMOTE SENSING. Stef92 Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2013/bb2.v1/s08.020.

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Liu, Qing, Bin Liu, Guan Wang, and Chen Zhang. "A comparative study on digital twin models." In ADVANCES IN MATERIALS, MACHINERY, ELECTRONICS III: 3rd International Conference on Advances in Materials, Machinery, Electronics (AMME 2019). Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5090745.

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Guo, Longsheng, Haibing Yin, Jia Wang, Ning Xu, and Jingjing Tan. "Study on macroblock level distortion-quantization models." In Fourth International Conference on Digital Image Processing (ICDIP 2012), edited by Mohamed Othman, Sukumar Senthilkumar, and Xie Yi. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.956496.

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Naguib, Mina, Carlos Vidal, Phillip Kollmeyer, Pawel Malysz, Oliver Gross, and Ali Emadi. "Comparative Study between Equivalent Circuit and Recurrent Neural Network Battery Voltage Models." In SAE WCX Digital Summit. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-0759.

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Borecky, Jaroslav, Martin Kohlik, Pavel Kubalik, and Hana Kub´tov´. "Fault Models Usability Study for On-line Tested FPGA." In 2011 14th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design (DSD). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dsd.2011.42.

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Wei-xian, Xue, and Wang Tao-feng. "A Study of Measurement Models for Digital Divide of China." In 2006 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmse.2006.313838.

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Arief, J. "Comparison of Interval Velocity and Inversion Velocity Usage to Build 3D Pore Pressure Models – Case Study: Ja Field, East Java Basin." In Digital Technical Conference. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa20-sg-300.

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Pore pressure analysis is one of the stages that needs to be done before drilling and it is intended to determine indication of overpressure zones that may endanger the drilling phase. Pore pressure analysis could be done with various variables from well and/or seismic data. This study is conducted at the JA Field, East Java Basin, and focused on the claystone interval of the Ledok – Ngrayong Formation. This study will focus on interval velocity and inversion velocity in the claystone formations, which is typically showing more sensitivity to heterogeneity in such conditions. Besides mapping overpressure zone indications, this study was conducted to determine the sensitivity of the velocity variables in analyzing pore pressure and to make 3D pore pressure distribution models, where in this study interval velocity and inversion velocity were used. In addition to using the 1D pore pressure models from Well A1, Well B2 and Well C3 as a comparison, a blind test was also carried out to validate whether the two 3D pore pressure distribution models qualitatively represented the JA Field. From the pore pressure analysis results, both on the 1D and 3D models, which were carried out based on the Eaton (1975) method, it is known that there is an indication of the overpressure zone in the Wonocolo Formation with the top of overpressure zone depth at 5900-6200 ft. The 3D pore pressure models showed the overpressure zone distribution is marked by the significant color changes tendency in the center of the study area. Qualitatively, the use of interval velocity and inversion velocity in creating the 3D models appears in the distribution of different pore pressure values. However, the two 3D pore pressure models have generally represented the JA Field pore pressure distribution as evidenced by the blind test result.
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K., Aditya, Slawomir Grzonkowski, and Nhien An Lekhac. "Enabling Trust in Deep Learning Models: A Digital Forensics Case Study." In 2018 17th IEEE International Conference On Trust, Security And Privacy In Computing And Communications/12th IEEE International Conference On Big Data Science And Engineering (TrustCom/BigDataSE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/trustcom/bigdatase.2018.00172.

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Beurier, Georges, and Xuguang Wang. "Motion Conversion between Digital Human Models A Case Study from Ramsis to Man3D." In Digital Human Modeling for Design and Engineering Symposium. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-2194.

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Ojo, Mike Oluwatayo, and Oluwatosin Oladayo Aramide. "Various interference models for multicellular scenarios: A comparative study." In 2015 Fifth International Conference on Digital Information and Communication Technology and its Applications (DICTAP). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dictap.2015.7113170.

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Reports on the topic "Digital study models":

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Becker, Sarah, Megan Maloney, and Andrew Griffin. A multi-biome study of tree cover detection using the Forest Cover Index. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42003.

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Tree cover maps derived from satellite and aerial imagery directly support civil and military operations. However, distinguishing tree cover from other vegetative land covers is an analytical challenge. While the commonly used Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) can identify vegetative cover, it does not consistently distinguish between tree and low-stature vegetation. The Forest Cover Index (FCI) algorithm was developed to take the multiplicative product of the red and near infrared bands and apply a threshold to separate tree cover from non-tree cover in multispectral imagery (MSI). Previous testing focused on one study site using 2-m resolution commercial MSI from WorldView-2 and 30-m resolution imagery from Landsat-7. New testing in this work used 3-m imagery from PlanetScope and 10-m imagery from Sentinel-2 in imagery in sites across 12 biomes in South and Central America and North Korea. Overall accuracy ranged between 23% and 97% for Sentinel-2 imagery and between 51% and 98% for PlanetScope imagery. Future research will focus on automating the identification of the threshold that separates tree from other land covers, exploring use of the output for machine learning applications, and incorporating ancillary data such as digital surface models and existing tree cover maps.
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DiGrande, Laura, Sue Pedrazzani, Elizabeth Kinyara, Melanie Hymes, Shawn Karns, Donna Rhodes, and Alanna Moshfegh. Field Interviewer– Administered Dietary Recalls in Participants’ Homes: A Feasibility Study Using the US Department of Agriculture’s Automated Multiple-Pass Method. RTI Press, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.mr.0045.2105.

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of administering the Automated Multiple-Pass Method (AMPM), a widely used tool for collecting 24-hour dietary recalls, in participants’ homes by field interviewers. Design: The design included computer-assisted personal interviews led by either a nutritionist (standard) or field interviewer. Portion estimators tested were a set of three-dimensional food models (standard), a two-dimensional food model booklet, or a tablet with digital images rendered via augmented reality. Setting: Residences in central North Carolina. Participants: English-speaking adults. Pregnant women and individuals who were fasting were excluded. Results: Among 133 interviews, most took place in living rooms (52%) or kitchens (22%). Mean interview time was 40 minutes (range 13–90), with no difference by interviewer type or portion estimator, although timing for nutritionist-led interviews declined significantly over the study period. Forty-five percent of participants referenced items from their homes to facilitate recall and portion estimation. Data entry and post-interview coding was evaluated and determined to be consistent with requirements for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Values for the number of food items consumed, food groups, energy intake (average of 3,011 kcal for men and 2,105 kcal for women), and key nutrients were determined to be plausible and within reasonably expected ranges regardless of interviewer type or portion estimator used. Conclusions: AMPM dietary recall interviews conducted in the home are feasible and may be preferable to clinical administration because of comfort and the opportunity for participants to access home items for recall. AMPMs administered by field interviewers using the food model booklet produced credible nutrition data that was comparable to AMPMs administered by nutritionists. Training field interviewers in dietary recall and conducting home interviews may be sensible choices for nutrition studies when response rates and cost are concerns.
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Castelló Mayo, E., A. López Gómez, and R. Méndez Fernández. Knowledge transfer from the innovative university. A model of information management in the digital context: the PIEDD case study. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, February 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2019-1344en.

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Contreras Salamanca, Luz Briyid, and Yon Garzón Ávila. Generational Lagging of Dignitaries, Main Cause of Technological Gaps in Community Leaders. Analysis of Generation X and Boomers from the Technology Acceptance Model. Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/ecacen.4709.

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Community and neighborhood organizations are in the process of renewing the organizational culture, considering technological environments in the way of training, and advancing communally, being competitive in adaptation and learning, creating new solutions, promoting change, and altering the status quo, based on the advancement of technology over the last few years, currently applied in most organizations. The decisive factor is the ability of true leaders to appropriate the Technological Acceptance Model –TAM– principles, participating in programs and projects, adopting new technologies from the different actors involved, contributing to the welfare of each community. There is, however, a relative resistance to the use of technology as support in community management, due to the generational differences in leaders and dignitaries, according to collected reports in this study, in relation to the age range of dignitaries –Generation X and Baby Boomers predominate–. They present a challenge to digital inclusion with difficulties related to age, cognitive, sensory, difficulty in developing skills, and abilities required in Digital Technologies, necessary to face new scenarios post-pandemic and, in general, the need to use technological facilities.
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Tabinskyy, Yaroslav. VISUAL CONCEPTS OF PHOTO IN THE MEDIA (ON THE EXAMPLE OF «UKRAINER» AND «REPORTERS»). Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11099.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of the main forms of visualization in the media related to photo. The thematic visual concepts are described in accordance with the content of electronic media, which consider the impact of modern technologies on the development of media space. The researches of the Ukrainian and foreign educational institutions concerning the main features of modern photo is classificate. Modifications and new visual forms in the media are singled out. The main objective of the article is to study the visual concepts of modern photo and identify ideological and thematic priorities in photo projects. To achieve the main objective in the article a certain methodology were used. Due to the historical-theoretical description it was possible to substantiate the study of visual concepts. The conceptual-system method was used to study the subject of media photo projects. The main results of the research are the definition of visual concepts of photo on the example of electronic media and the identification of the main thematic features in the process of visual filling of the media space. Based on the study, we can conclude that today the information field needs quality visual content. For successful creation of visual concepts it is necessary to single out thematic features of modern photo and to carry out classifications on ideological and semantic signs. Given the rapid development of digital technologies, the topic of the scientific article we offer is relevant for scientists, journalists, media researchers, visual journalism experts and photojournalists. Modern space is filled with a large number of pictorial materials, which in most cases form specific images, patterns or stereotypes in the mind of the reader (viewer). Also important is the classification of photo used in journalistic publications. That is why there is a need to explore the content and principles of distribution of ideological priorities of photo in the media. The substantiation of scientists about the important place of photography in the modern media space and the future development of visual technologies, which already use artificial intelligence, is relevant.
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Fullan, Michael, and Joanne Quinn. How Do Disruptive Innovators Prepare Today's Students to Be Tomorrow's Workforce?: Deep Learning: Transforming Systems to Prepare Tomorrow’s Citizens. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002959.

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Disruptive innovators take advantage of unique opportunities. Prior to COVID-19 progress in Latin America and the Caribbean for integrating technology, learning, and system change has been exceedingly slow. In this paper we first offer a general framework for transforming education. The framework focuses on the provision of technology, innovative ideas in learning and well-being, and what we call systemness which are favorable change factors at the local, middle/regional, and policy levels. We then take up the matter of system reform in Latin America and the Caribbean noting problems and potential. Then, we turn to a specific model in system change that we have developed called New Pedagogies for Deep Learning, a model developed in partnerships with groups of schools in ten countries since 2014. The model consists of three main components: 6 Global Competences (character, citizenship, collaboration, communication, creativity, and critical thinking), 4 learning elements (pedagogy, learning partnerships, learning environments, leveraging digital), and three system conditions (school culture, district/regional culture, and system policy). We offer a case study of relative success based on Uruguay with whom we have been working since 2014. Finally, we identify steps and recommendations for next steps in Latin America for taking action on system reform in the next perioda time that we consider critical for taking advantage of the current pandemic disruption. The next few years will be crucial for either attaining positive breakthroughs or slipping backwards into a reinforced status quo.
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Rahman, Shahedur, Rodrigo Salgado, Monica Prezzi, and Peter J. Becker. Improvement of Stiffness and Strength of Backfill Soils Through Optimization of Compaction Procedures and Specifications. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317134.

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Vibration compaction is the most effective way of compacting coarse-grained materials. The effects of vibration frequency and amplitude on the compaction density of different backfill materials commonly used by INDOT (No. 4 natural sand, No. 24 stone sand, and No. 5, No. 8, No. 43 aggregates) were studied in this research. The test materials were characterized based on the particle sizes and morphology parameters using digital image analysis technique. Small-scale laboratory compaction tests were carried out with variable frequency and amplitude of vibrations using vibratory hammer and vibratory table. The results show an increase in density with the increase in amplitude and frequency of vibration. However, the increase in density with the increase in amplitude of vibration is more pronounced for the coarse aggregates than for the sands. A comparison of the maximum dry densities of different test materials shows that the dry densities obtained after compaction using the vibratory hammer are greater than those obtained after compaction using the vibratory table when both tools were used at the highest amplitude and frequency of vibration available. Large-scale vibratory roller compaction tests were performed in the field for No. 30 backfill soil to observe the effect of vibration frequency and number of passes on the compaction density. Accelerometer sensors were attached to the roller drum (Caterpillar, model CS56B) to measure the frequency of vibration for the two different vibration settings available to the roller. For this roller and soil tested, the results show that the higher vibration setting is more effective. Direct shear tests and direct interface shear tests were performed to study the impact of particle characteristics of the coarse-grained backfill materials on interface shear resistance. The more angular the particles, the greater the shear resistance measured in the direct shear tests. A unique relationship was found between the normalized surface roughness and the ratio of critical-state interface friction angle between sand-gravel mixture with steel to the internal critical-state friction angle of the sand-gravel mixture.
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Payment Systems Report - June of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2020.

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With its annual Payment Systems Report, Banco de la República offers a complete overview of the infrastructure of Colombia’s financial market. Each edition of the report has four objectives: 1) to publicize a consolidated account of how the figures for payment infrastructures have evolved with respect to both financial assets and goods and services; 2) to summarize the issues that are being debated internationally and are of interest to the industry that provides payment clearing and settlement services; 3) to offer the public an explanation of the ideas and concepts behind retail-value payment processes and the trends in retail payments within the circuit of individuals and companies; and 4) to familiarize the public, the industry, and all other financial authorities with the methodological progress that has been achieved through applied research to analyze the stability of payment systems. This edition introduces changes that have been made in the structure of the report, which are intended to make it easier and more enjoyable to read. The initial sections in this edition, which is the eleventh, contain an analysis of the statistics on the evolution and performance of financial market infrastructures. These are understood as multilateral systems wherein the participating entities clear, settle and register payments, securities, derivatives and other financial assets. The large-value payment system (CUD) saw less momentum in 2019 than it did the year before, mainly because of a decline in the amount of secondary market operations for government bonds, both in cash and sell/buy-backs, which was offset by an increase in operations with collective investment funds (CIFs) and Banco de la República’s operations to increase the money supply (repos). Consequently, the Central Securities Depository (DCV) registered less activity, due to fewer negotiations on the secondary market for public debt. This trend was also observed in the private debt market, as evidenced by the decline in the average amounts cleared and settled through the Central Securities Depository of Colombia (Deceval) and in the value of operations with financial derivatives cleared and settled through the Central Counterparty of Colombia (CRCC). Section three offers a comprehensive look at the market for retail-value payments; that is, transactions made by individuals and companies. During 2019, electronic transfers increased, and payments made with debit and credit cards continued to trend upward. In contrast, payments by check continued to decline, although the average daily value was almost four times the value of debit and credit card purchases. The same section contains the results of the fourth survey on how the use of retail-value payment instruments (for usual payments) is perceived. Conducted at the end of 2019, the main purpose of the survey was to identify the availability of these payment instruments, the public’s preferences for them, and their acceptance by merchants. It is worth noting that cash continues to be the instrument most used by the population for usual monthly payments (88.1% with respect to the number of payments and 87.4% in value). However, its use in terms of value has declined, having registered 89.6% in the 2017 survey. In turn, the level of acceptance by merchants of payment instruments other than cash is 14.1% for debit cards, 13.4% for credit cards, 8.2% for electronic transfers of funds and 1.8% for checks. The main reason for the use of cash is the absence of point-of-sale terminals at commercial establishments. Considering that the retail-payment market worldwide is influenced by constant innovation in payment services, by the modernization of clearing and settlement systems, and by the efforts of regulators to redefine the payment industry for the future, these trends are addressed in the fourth section of the report. There is an account of how innovations in technology-based financial payment services have developed, and it shows that while this topic is not new, it has evolved, particularly in terms of origin and vocation. One of the boxes that accompanies the fourth section deals with certain payment aspects of open banking and international experience in that regard, which has given the customers of a financial entity sovereignty over their data, allowing them, under transparent and secure conditions, to authorize a third party, other than their financial entity, to request information on their accounts with financial entities, thus enabling the third party to offer various financial services or initiate payments. Innovation also has sparked interest among international organizations, central banks, and research groups concerning the creation of digital currencies. Accordingly, the last box deals with the recent international debate on issuance of central bank digital currencies. In terms of the methodological progress that has been made, it is important to underscore the work that has been done on the role of central counterparties (CCPs) in mitigating liquidity and counterparty risk. The fifth section of the report offers an explanation of a document in which the work of CCPs in financial markets is analyzed and corroborated through an exercise that was built around the Central Counterparty of Colombia (CRCC) in the Colombian market for non-delivery peso-dollar forward exchange transactions, using the methodology of network topology. The results provide empirical support for the different theoretical models developed to study the effect of CCPs on financial markets. Finally, the results of research using artificial intelligence with information from the large-value payment system are presented. Based on the payments made among financial institutions in the large-value payment system, a methodology is used to compare different payment networks, as well as to determine which ones can be considered abnormal. The methodology shows signs that indicate when a network moves away from its historical trend, so it can be studied and monitored. A methodology similar to the one applied to classify images is used to make this comparison, the idea being to extract the main characteristics of the networks and use them as a parameter for comparison. Juan José Echavarría Governor

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