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Abdullah Salman Alsalman, Abdullah Salman Alsalman. "Comparative Study of Change Detection and Urban Expansion Using Multi-Date Multi-Source Data: A Case Study of Greater Khartoum." journal of King Abdulaziz University Engineering Sciences 23, no. 2 (2012): 139–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/eng.23-2.8.
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Noting that Khartoum represents the most rapidly expanding city in the Sudan and taking into account that change detection operations are seldom , the present study has been initiated to attempt to produce work that synthesizes land use/land cover (LULC) to investigate change detection using GIS, remote sensing data and digital image processing techniques; estimate, evaluate and map changes that took place in the city from 1975 to 2003. The experiment used the techniques of visual inspection, write-function-memoryinsertion, image differencing, image transformation i.e. normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), tasseled cap, principal component analysis (PCA), post-classification comparison and GIS. The results of all these various techniques were used by the authors to study change detection of the geographic locale of the test area. Image processing and GIS techniques were performed using Intergraph Image analyst 8.4 and GeoMedia professional version 6, ERDAS Imagine 8.7, and ArcGIS 9.2. Results obtained were discussed and analyzed in a comparative manner and a conclusion regarding the best method for change detection of the test area was derived.
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Picone, R., and L. Veronese. "SPECIFITY OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS AND BIM METHODOLOGIES. A FIRST EXPERIMENTATION FOR THE FEDERICO II HEADQUARTERS IN NAPLES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W11 (May 5, 2019): 961–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w11-961-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The <i>Building Information Modeling</i> is today one of the most advanced data cataloging and processing systems aimed to the digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of an object. These prerogatives make possible to create a model containing not only the geometric-architectural data of the building, but also the properties of the materials and technical elements that compose it, the construction phases, as well as maintenance operations, locating and programming them over time. Such an approach implies, therefore, not only a change of instruments for the representation of Architecture, but above all a change of "mentality", in which the building is seen as a "unitary" organism with a synchronous vision between architectural form, structural elements, construction techniques, materials and installations. The experimentation here presented concerns the case of the university complex of Federico II of Naples along the axis of Via Mezzocannone. The urban palimpsest housing the monumental front of the building, designed by Eng. Pierpaolo Quaglia and Guglielmo Melisurgo at the end of the Nineteenth century, and incorporating ancient religious complexes built in the Fifteenth century, as the monasteries of Donnaromita and the Old Jesus; heterogeneous elements that allowed to explore on the field limits and the possibilities of interoperability of BIM in which still have ample possibilities for experimentation.</p>
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Rosenthal, Ronald. "Techniques to Manage ECG Artifacts When Working With Surface EMG." Biofeedback 48, no. 4 (2020): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5298/1081-5937-48.04.02.
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Surface electromyographic (SEMG) amplitude signals can often contain rhythmic spikes due to cardiogenic electrical activity. The author discusses the impact of this activity on SEMG biofeedback training and techniques to reduce the problems caused by cardiogenic electrical activity. In particular, changing the low frequency cutoff of the digital filter settings to reduce cardiogenic electrical activity is recommended as a procedure to improve the fidelity of SEMG amplitude signals.
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Aboshoosha, Ashraf, M. Ragaa, and B. Mashad. "Improved Auto Detection of Calcification in Digital Mammogram Relying on Multi-Stage CAD Technique." مجلة جامعة الملك عبدالعزيز-العلوم الهندسية 22, no. 2 (2011): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/eng.22-2.9.
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BRUNO, DIETER, FERNANDO C. DELVECCHIO, and GLENN M. PREMINGER. "Techniques in Endourology Digital Still Image Recording during Video Endoscopy." Journal of Endourology 13, no. 5 (1999): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/end.1999.13.353.
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Vieira, Filipe Gomes, Alexandre S. Scari, Pedro Américo Almeida Magalhães Júnior, Jordana S. R. Martins, and Cristina Almeida Magalhães. "Analysis of Stresses in a Tapered Roller Bearing Using Three-Dimensional Photoelasticity and Stereolithography." Materials 12, no. 20 (2019): 3427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12203427.
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Digital photoelasticity is an important segment of optical metrology for stress analysis by digital photographic images. Advances in digital image processing, data acquisition, standard recognition and data storage allow the utilization of computer-aided techniques in the automation and improvement of the digital photoelastic technique. The objective of this study is to develop new techniques using 3D rapid prototyping with transparent resins in digital photoelasticity. Some innovations are proposed (e.g., a tapered roller bearing built with 3D rapid prototyping with transparent resin and the final assembly with the specimens prototyped separately). A metrology study is carried out with the new techniques developed.
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Brimacombe, Joseph, Christian Keller, and Dana Vosoba Judd. "Gum Elastic Bougie-guided Insertion of the ProSeal™ Laryngeal Mask Airway Is Superior to the Digital and Introducer Tool Techniques." Anesthesiology 100, no. 1 (2004): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200401000-00008.
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Background The authors compare three techniques for insertion of the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway. Methods Two hundred forty healthy patients aged 18-80 yr were randomly allocated for ProSeal laryngeal mask airway insertion using the digital, introducer tool (IT), or gum elastic bougie (GEB)-guided techniques. The digital and IT techniques were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The GEB-guided technique involved priming the drain tube with the GEB, placing the GEB in the esophagus under direct vision, and inserting the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway using the digital technique with the GEB as a guide. Failed insertion was defined by any of the following criteria: (1) failed pharyngeal placement; (2) malposition (air leaks, negative tap test results, or failed gastric tube insertion if pharyngeal placement was successful); and (3) ineffective ventilation (maximum expired tidal volume &lt; 8 ml/kg or end-tidal carbon dioxide &gt; 45 mmHg if correctly positioned). Any visible or occult blood was noted. Sore throat, dysphonia, and dysphagia were assessed 18-24 h postoperatively. Results Insertion was more frequently successful with the GEB-guided technique at the first attempt (GEB, 100%; digital, 88%; IT, 84%; both P &lt; 0.001), but success after three attempts was similar (GEB, 100%; digital, 99%; IT, 98%). The time taken to successful placement was similar among groups at the first attempt but was shorter for the GEB-technique after three attempts (GEB, 25 +/- 14 s; digital, 33 +/- 19 s; IT, 37 +/- 25 s; both: P &lt; 0.003). There were no differences in the frequency of visible blood, but occult blood occurred less frequently with the GEB-guided technique (GEB, 12%; digital, 29%; IT, 31%; both: P &lt; 0.02) but was similar among techniques if insertion was successful at the first attempt. There were no differences in postoperative airway morbidity. CONCLUSION The GEB-guided insertion technique is more frequently successful than the digital or IT techniques. The authors suggest that the GEB-guided technique may be a useful backup technique for when the digital and IT techniques fail.
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Biancolini, Marco Evangelos, Katia Capellini, Emiliano Costa, Corrado Groth, and Simona Celi. "Fast interactive CFD evaluation of hemodynamics assisted by RBF mesh morphing and reduced order models: the case of aTAA modelling." International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM) 14, no. 4 (2020): 1227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12008-020-00694-5.
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AbstractThe medical digital twin is emerging as a viable opportunity to provide patient-specific information useful for treatment, prevention and surgical planning. A bottleneck toward its effective use when computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques and tools are adopted for the high fidelity prediction of blood flow, is the significant computing cost required. Reduced order models (ROM) looks to be a promising solution for facing the aforementioned limit. In fact, once ROM data processing is accomplished, the consumption stage can be performed outside the computer-aided engineering software adopted for simulation and, in addition, it could be also implemented on interactive software visualization interfaces that are commonly employed in the medical context. In this paper we demonstrate the soundness of such a concept by numerically investigating the effect of the bulge shape for the ascending thoracic aorta aneurysm case. Radial basis functions (RBF) based mesh morphing enables the implementation of a parametric shape, which is used to build up the ROM framework and data. The final result is an inspection tool capable to visualize, interactively and almost in real-time, the effect of shape parameters on the entire flow field. The approach is first verified considering a morphing action representing the progression from an average healthy patient to an average aneurismatic one (Capellini et al. in Proceedings VII Meeting Italian Chapter of the European Society of Biomechanics (ESB-ITA 2017), 2017; Capellini et al. in J. Biomech. Eng. 140(11):111007-1–111007-10, 2018). Then, a set of shape parameters, suitable to consistently represent a widespread number of possible bulge configurations, are defined and accordingly generated. The concept is showcased taking into account the steady flow field at systolic peak conditions, using ANSYS®Fluent®and its ROM environment for CFD and ROM calculations respectively, and the RBF MorphTM software for shape parametrization.
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Paprottka, Felix J., Petra Wolf, Yves Harder, et al. "Sensory Recovery Outcome after Digital Nerve Repair in Relation to Different Reconstructive Techniques: Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review." Plastic Surgery International 2013 (July 30, 2013): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/704589.
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Good clinical outcome after digital nerve repair is highly relevant for proper hand function and has a significant socioeconomic impact. However, level of evidence for competing surgical techniques is low. The aim is to summarize and compare the outcomes of digital nerve repair with different methods (end-to-end and end-to-side coaptations, nerve grafts, artificial conduit-, vein-, muscle, and muscle-in-vein reconstructions, and replantations) to provide an aid for choosing an individual technique of nerve reconstruction and to create reference values of standard repair for nonrandomized clinical studies. 87 publications including 2,997 nerve repairs were suitable for a precise evaluation. For digital nerve repairs there was practically no particular technique superior to another. Only end-to-side coaptation had an inferior two-point discrimination in comparison to end-to-end coaptation or nerve grafting. Furthermore, this meta-analysis showed that youth was associated with an improved sensory recovery outcome in patients who underwent digital replantation. For end-to-end coaptations, recent publications had significantly better sensory recovery outcomes than older ones. Given minor differences in outcome, the main criteria in choosing an adequate surgical technique should be gap length and donor site morbidity caused by graft material harvesting. Our clinical experience was used to provide a decision tree for digital nerve repair.
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Cicciù, Marco, Luca Fiorillo, Cesare D’Amico, et al. "3D Digital Impression Systems Compared with Traditional Techniques in Dentistry: A Recent Data Systematic Review." Materials 13, no. 8 (2020): 1982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13081982.
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The advent of new technologies in the field of medicine and dentistry is giving improvements that lead the clinicians to have materials and procedures able to improve patients’ quality of life. In dentistry, the last digital techniques offer a fully digital computerized workflow that does not include the standard multiple traditional phases. The purpose of this study is to evaluate all clinical trials and clinical randomized trials related to the digital or dental impression technique in prosthetic dentistry trying to give the readers global information about advantages and disadvantages of each procedure. Data collection was conducted in the main scientific search engines, including articles from the last 10 years, in order to obtain results that do not concern obsolete impression techniques. Elsevier, Pubmed and Embase have been screened as sources for performing the research. The results data demonstrated how the working time appears to be improved with digital workflow, but without a significant result (P = 0.72596). The papers have been selected following the Population Intervention Comparison Outcome (PICO) question, which is related to the progress on dental impression materials and technique. The comparison between dentists or practitioners with respect to classic impression procedures, and students open to new device and digital techniques seem to be the key factor on the final impression technique choice. Surely, digital techniques will end up supplanting the analogical ones altogether, improving the quality of oral rehabilitations, the economics of dental practice and also the perception by our patients.
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Omar, Siti Nashayu. "Application of digital signal processing and machine learning for Electromyography: A review." Asian Journal Of Medical Technology 1, no. 1 (2021): 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32896/ajmedtech.v1n1.30-45.
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This paper reviewed the Application of Digital Signal Processing (DPS) and Machine Learning (ML) for Electromyography (EMG) by previous studies. There is a need of the DSP and ML application into the EMG study to classify the signal in order to minimize the EMG noise of signal and the EMG signal characteristic. The common techniques analysis of signal processing is disccussed and compared to identify the best techniques used in order to process from raw data of EMG signal info EMG signal analysis, then some types of machine learning is discussed to identify which types of machine learning have gave the best performance of EMG signal identification and signal characteristic with the highest percentage of the accuracy and efficiency. Digital signal processing and the technique of signal analysis and machine learning for classification method in order to provide the best method and classification for EMG signal.
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Mahajan, Sakshi, and Navneet Bawa. "Digital Image Filtering Techniques- A survey." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 10, no. 6 (2013): 1738–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v10i6.7024.
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This paper presents a review on digital image filtering techniques. The main emphasis is on median filtering and its extended versions like hybrid median filtering, relaxed median filtering etc. It is found that still median filtering demands some sort of enhancements as it is best for salt and pepper noise only. By conducting a survey suitable gaps are found in existing literature. In the end comparison table is also drawn among the existing techniques.
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Rico, P., and P. Aranguren. "Comparative Study of the Frontal EGG Activity After Superficial Neuro-stimulation Application, Mindfulness and Other Attentional Techniques." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S637—S638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1048.
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IntroductionChanges in the electrical cerebral activity, especially in frontotemporal regions, have been described after using the Superficial Neurostimulation Application (SNSA) in upper and lower limbs. The use of this technique is associated with emotional equilibrium and predisposition for a positive mood. Its application clinically improves hostility and anxiety symptoms.AimsTo compare the electrical changes observed after the use of SNSA with other techniques of mental concentration: Mindfulness (mental attention without judgment) and a technique based on the emission of a sound.Materials and methodsSNSA topology system: uses electricity through superficial electrodes placed on feet and hands and an electrode over the 7th cervical vertebra; Digital encephalogram; Faraday cage.ResultsMindfulness and SNSA techniques show similarities regarding the alpha rhythm's frequency in frontal regions (Figs. 1 and 2) compared to a different mental concentration technique (Fig. 3).ConclusionFurther analysis would be required.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Ojowu, Ode, Johan Karlsson, Jian Li, and Yilu Liu. "ENF Extraction From Digital Recordings Using Adaptive Techniques and Frequency Tracking." IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 7, no. 4 (2012): 1330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2012.2197391.
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Pandey, Anukul, Barjinder Singh Saini, and Butta Singh. "ELECTROCARDIOGRAM DATA COMPRESSION TECHNIQUES IN 1D/2D DOMAIN." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 33, no. 02 (2021): 2150011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237221500113.
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Electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the best representatives of physiological signal that provides the state of the autonomic nervous system, primarily responsible for the cardiac activity. The ECG data compression plays a significant role in localized digital storage or efficient communication channel utilization in telemedicine applications. The lossless and lossy compression system’s compressor efficiency depends on the methodologies used for compression and the quality measure used to evaluate distortion. Based on domain ECG, data compression can be performed either one-dimensional (1D) or two-dimensional (2D) for utilization of inter and inter with intra beat correlation, respectively. In this paper, a comparative study between 1D and 2D ECG data compression methods was taken out from the existing literature to provide an update in this regard. ECG data compression techniques and algorithms in 1D and 2D domain have their own merits and limitations. Recently, numerous research and techniques in 1D ECG data compression have been developed, including direct and transformed domain. Additionally, 2D ECG data compression research is reported based on period normalization and complexity sorting in recent times. Finally, several practical issues highlight the assessment of reconstructed signal quality and performance comparisons with an average comparative of exhaustive existing 1D and 2D ECG compression methods based on the utilized digital signal processing systems.
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Buchanan, S., J. Triantafilis, I. O. A. Odeh, and R. Subansinghe. "Digital soil mapping of compositional particle-size fractions using proximal and remotely sensed ancillary data." GEOPHYSICS 77, no. 4 (2012): WB201—WB211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2012-0053.1.
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The soil particle-size fractions (PSFs) are one of the most important attributes to influence soil physical (e.g., soil hydraulic properties) and chemical (e.g., cation exchange) processes. There is an increasing need, therefore, for high-resolution digital prediction of PSFs to improve our ability to manage agricultural land. Consequently, use of ancillary data to make cheaper high-resolution predictions of soil properties is becoming popular. This approach is known as “digital soil mapping.” However, most commonly employed techniques (e.g., multiple linear regression or MLR) do not consider the special requirements of a regionalized composition, namely PSF; (1) should be nonnegative (2) should sum to a constant at each location, and (3) estimation should be constrained to produce an unbiased estimation, to avoid false interpretation. Previous studies have shown that the use of the additive log-ratio transformation (ALR) is an appropriate technique to meet the requirements of a composition. In this study, we investigated the use of ancillary data (i.e., electromagnetic (EM), gamma-ray spectrometry, Landsat TM, and a digital elevation model to predict soil PSF using MLR and generalized additive models (GAM) in a standard form and with an ALR transformation applied to the optimal method (GAM-ALR). The results show that the use of ancillary data improved prediction precision by around 30% for clay, 30% for sand, and 7% for silt for all techniques (MLR, GAM, and GAM-ALR) when compared to ordinary kriging. However, the ALR technique had the advantage of adhering to the special requirements of a composition, with all predicted values nonnegative and PSFs summing to unity at each prediction point and giving more accurate textural prediction.
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Manosueb, Anchalee, Jeerasuda Koseeyaporn, and Paramote Wardkein. "PLI Cancellation in ECG Signal Based on Adaptive Filter by Using Wiener-Hopf Equation for Providing Initial Condition." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/471409.
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This paper presents a technique for finding the optimal initial weight for adaptive filter by using difference equation. The obtained analytical response of the system identifies the appropriate weights for the system and shows that the MSE depends on the initial weight. The proposed technique is applied to eliminate the known frequency power line interference (PLI) signal in the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. The PLI signal is considered as a combination of cosine and sine signals. The adaptive filter, therefore, attempts to adjust the amplitude of cosine and sine signals to synthesize a reference signal very similar to the contaminated PLI signal. To compare the potential of the proposed technique to other techniques, the system is simulated by using the Matlab program and the TMS320C6713 digital board. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed technique enables the system to eliminate the PLI signal with the fastest time and gains the superior results of the recovered ECG signal.
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Lautenschlager, Stephan. "DIGITAL RECONSTRUCTION OF SOFT-TISSUE STRUCTURES IN FOSSILS." Paleontological Society Papers 22 (September 2016): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/scs.2017.10.
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AbstractIn the last two decades, advances in computational imaging techniques and digital visualization have created novel avenues for the study of fossil organisms. As a result, paleontology has undergone a shift from the pure study of physically preserved bones and teeth, and other hard tissues, to using virtual computer models to study specimens in greater detail, restore incomplete specimens, and perform biomechanical analyses. The rapidly increasing application of these techniques has further paved the way for the digital reconstruction of soft-tissue structures, which are rarely preserved or otherwise available in the fossil record. In this contribution, different types of digital soft-tissue reconstructions are introduced and reviewed. Provided examples include methodological approaches for the reconstruction of musculature, endocranial components (e.g., brain, inner ear, and neurovascular structures), and other soft tissues (e.g., whole-body and life reconstructions). Digital techniques provide versatile tools for the reconstruction of soft tissues, but given the nature of fossil specimens, some limitations and uncertainties remain. Nevertheless, digital reconstructions can provide new information, in particular if interpreted in a phylogenetically grounded framework. Combined with other digital analytical techniques (e.g., finite element analysis [FEA], multibody dynamics analysis [MDA], and computational fluid dynamics [CFD]), soft-tissue reconstructions can be used to elucidate the paleobiology of extinct organisms and to test competing evolutionary hypotheses.
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Georgantzoglou, A., M. J. Merchant, J. C. G. Jeynes, A. C. Wera, and R. Jena. "76: Digital Image Processing Techniques for Application in a Microbeam End-Station Microscopy." Radiotherapy and Oncology 110 (February 2014): S38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(15)34097-4.
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Lamo, Paula, Angel de Castro, Alberto Sanchez, Gustavo A. Ruiz, Francisco J. Azcondo, and Alberto Pigazo. "Hardware-in-the-Loop and Digital Control Techniques Applied to Single-Phase PFC Converters." Electronics 10, no. 13 (2021): 1563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10131563.
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Power electronic converters for power factor correction (PFC) play a key role in single-phase electrical power systems, ensuring that the line current waveform complies with the applicable standards and grid codes while regulating the DC voltage. Its verification implies significant complexity and cost, since it requires long simulations to verify its behavior, for around hundreds of milliseconds. The development and test of the controller include nominal, abnormal and fault conditions in which the equipment could be damaged. Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) is a cost-effective technique that allows the power converter to be replaced by a real-time simulation model, avoiding building prototypes in the early stages for the development and validation of the controller. However, the performance-vs-cost trade-off associated with HIL techniques depends on the mathematical models used for replicating the power converter, the load and the electrical grid, as well as the hardware platform chosen to build it, e.g., microprocessor or FPGA, and the required number of channels and I/O types to test the system. This work reviews state-of-the-art HIL techniques and digital control techniques for single-phase PFC converters.
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Junaid, Muhammad, Asadullah Shaikh, Mahmood Ul Hassan, et al. "Smart Agriculture Cloud Using AI Based Techniques." Energies 14, no. 16 (2021): 5129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14165129.
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This research proposes a generic smart cloud-based system in order to accommodate multiple scenarios where agriculture farms using Internet of Things (IoTs) need to be monitored remotely. The real-time and stored data are analyzed by specialists and farmers. The cloud acts as a central digital data store where information is collected from diverse sources in huge volumes and variety, such as audio, video, image, text, and digital maps. Artificial Intelligence (AI) based machine learning models such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), which is one of many classification types, are used to accurately classify the data. The classified data are assigned to the virtual machines where these data are processed and finally available to the end-users via underlying datacenters. This processed form of digital information is then used by the farmers to improve their farming skills and to update them as pre-disaster recovery for smart agri-food. Furthermore, it will provide general and specific information about international markets relating to their crops. This proposed system discovers the feasibility of the developed digital agri-farm using IoT-based cloud and provides solutions to problems. Overall, the approach works well and achieved performance efficiency in terms of execution time by 14%, throughput time by 5%, overhead time by 9%, and energy efficiency by 13.2% in the presence of competing smart farming baselines.
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Chatterjee, Runa, Rajdeep Chakraborty, and Mondal J.K. "DESIGN OF LIGHTWEIGHT CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODEL FOR END-TO-END ENCRYPTION IN IOT DOMAIN." IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems 1, no. 04 (2019): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jsws.2019.4.002.
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Digitalization rapidly connected the entire world. Everyday an enormous volumes of digital data produced by billions of intelligent devices which requires safe transmission over internet. If we look into embedded environment, handling massive volume of data is impractical for low power and low memory devices which leads to lightweight concept. The proposed lightweight model includes many symmetric key sequentially. The model follows fiestel network structure where 64 bits input block divided by two 32 bits blocks. Then every half undergoes through various symmetric key algorithms like TE (Triangular Encryption), RPPT (Recursive Pared Parity Technique), RPSPNC( Recursive Positional Substitution on Prime-Nonprime of Cluster), TB(Transformation of Bits) and bits rotation process. A triangular bit sequence generated by TE and from there various encryption as well as decryption techniques[1] have generated by reading bits in a certain order. RPPT encrypts bits by executing logical OR of successive bits. Bit swapping technique is used by TB for encryption and decryption. RPSPNC interchanges bits on the basis of prime-non prime bit position and considers any in between bit sequence as a cipher text. Lastly two resultant sub-blocks are merged to produce cipher text of 64 bits. To check the acceptance of the proposed model, comparisons take place with popular symmetric key algorithm AES and one embedded algorithm RPPT+TB. Software parameters like entropy, n-gram(4-gram), non-homogeneity, histogram are analysed. Hardware analysis of the model ensures us that it falls into lightweight domain by comparing the GE (Gate equivalent) with the ISO /IEC standard value ranges between 1000-2000GE.
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Thalheimer, Raquel D., Vanessa L. Merker, K. Ina Ly, et al. "Validating Techniques for Measurement of Cutaneous Neurofibromas." Neurology 97, no. 7 Supplement 1 (2021): S32—S41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000012428.
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ObjectiveTo assess the reliability and variability of digital calipers, 3D photography, and high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) for measurement of cutaneous neurofibromas (cNF) in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).BackgroundcNF affect virtually all patients with NF1 and are a major source of morbidity. Reliable techniques for measuring cNF are needed to develop therapies for these tumors.MethodsAdults with NF1 were recruited. For each participant, 6 cNF were assessed independently by 3 different examiners at 5 different time points using digital calipers, 3D photography, and HFUS. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess intrarater and interrater reliability of linear and volumetric measurements for each technique, with ICC values >0.90 defined as excellent reliability. The coefficient of variation (CV) was used to estimate the minimal detectable difference (MDD) for each technique.ResultsFifty-seven cNF across 10 participants were evaluated. The ICC for image acquisition and measurement was >0.97 within and across examiners for HFUS and 3D photography. ICC for digital calipers was 0.62–0.88. CV varied by measurement tool, linear vs volumetric measurement, and tumor size.ConclusionsHFUS and 3D photography demonstrate excellent reliability whereas digital calipers have good to excellent reliability in measuring cNF. The MDD for each technique was used to create tables of proposed thresholds for investigators to use as guides for clinical trials focused on cNF size. These criteria should be updated as the performance of these end points is evaluated.
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Cao, Hong Rui, Bing Li, and Zheng Jia He. "Study on Modeling of Digital Machining Process and its Condition Monitoring & Diagnosis Method." Advanced Materials Research 411 (November 2011): 622–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.411.622.
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Based on a cutting dynamics model, a new digital machining process model that integrates workpiece quality and machining condition information is proposed, and the mapping relationship between machine tool structural dynamics and product quality information (e.g., dimension error, surface shape) is analyzed in detail. On the basis of the digital machining process model, the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis method of the machining process is investigated, and an implementation flowchart of the method is proposed with explanations of critical techniques. Finally, the proposed model is applied to the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of the machining process of a CNC end milling machine. The damage of its spindle bearing is detected successfully, which provides the proof for the root cause identification of machining error in the digital machining process.
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Borel, Andžej, Vaidotas Barzdėnas, and Aleksandr Vasjanov. "Linearization as a Solution for Power Amplifier Imperfections: A Review of Methods." Electronics 10, no. 9 (2021): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10091073.
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Development of 5G networks requires a substantial increase to both spectral and power efficiency of transmitters. It is known that these two parameters are subjected to a mutual trade-off. To increase the linearity without losing power efficiency, linearization techniques are applied to power amplifiers. This paper aims to compare most popular linearization techniques to date and evaluate their applicability to upcoming 5G networks. The history of each respective linearization technique is followed by the main principle of operation, revealing advantages and disadvantages supported by concluding the latest research results. Three main groups of linearization methods currently known are feedforward, feedback, and predistortion, each with its own tradeoffs. Although digital predistortion seems to be the go-to method currently, other techniques with less research attention are still non-obsolete. A generalized discussion and a direct comparison of techniques analyzed are presented at the end of this paper. The article offers a systematic view on PA linearization problems which should be useful to researchers of this field. It is concluded that there are still a lot of problems that need to be addressed in every linearization technique in order to achieve 5G specifications.
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SHI, X. Q., J. P. PICKERING, and C. K. WONG. "ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE (AFM)-BASED DIGITAL IMAGE SPECKLE CORRELATION (DiSC) TECHNIQUE FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF DEFORMATION IN NANOSCALE." International Journal of Nanoscience 03, no. 06 (2004): 789–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x04002681.
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Experimental measurement techniques for the determination of stress levels and distributions will be one of most important keys for the optimization of the design of the next generation electronic packages, e.g., nano-wafer-level packages. However, current experimental photo-mechanics techniques are often found to be insufficiently sensitive but also lacking in sufficient resolution to determine stress distributions of nanoscale electronic packages. In this study, the digital image speckle correlation method was combined with the atomic force microscopy (AFM) to develop a new experimental measurement technique, so-called nanodigital image speckle correlation (Nano-DiSC), for the determination of deformation on the nanometer scale. With the developed theoretical model, computational algorithms and nanospeckle pattern preparation method, the Nano-DiSC methodology was found to be able to measure the in-plane deformation on the sub-10 nm scale.
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Asadi, V., M. Raoufat, and S. Nassiri. "Fresh egg mass estimation using machine vision technique." International Agrophysics 26, no. 3 (2012): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10247-012-0034-6.
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Fresh egg mass estimation using machine vision technique In the present study a machine vision system was developed for estimating the mass of eggs arranged in a single array. A grabber frame equipped with a mirror was developed for positioning the eggs. Therefore, two images could be captured from each egg. Images were then processed by Matlab software. Six algorithms were developed to extract eggs features such as minimum, maximum and effective radii, perimeter and the frontal area from each image. The eggs were also weighed by a sensitive digital scale. Seventy percent of data after discarding the outliers were used to establish some models, and the remaining was used to verify the final model. The results showed that egg mass estimation can be accurate by using two perpendicular views of each egg. Amongst the models, one with predictors of area and effective radius was found to be the best. A high correlation coefficient was observed between eggs mass measured and predicted by the model, with an accuracy of about 95%.
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Gopalakrishnan Nair, T. R., A. P. Geetha, and M. Asharani. "Continuous digital ECG analysis over accurate R-peak detection using adaptive wavelet technique." Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology 37, no. 7 (2013): 429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03091902.2013.828105.
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Aroukatos, Nikolaos Georgios, Kostas Manes, Stelios Zimeras, and Fotis Georgiakodis. "Techniques in Image Steganography using Famous Number Sequences." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 11, no. 3 (2013): 2321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v11i3.1167.
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In In the last decades, Steganography techniques have been applied in a variety of data files. The need of copyrightprotection in Music, in Photography e.t.c pushed the software companies to develop many steganographic systemswhich they use, in various areas, e.g., in digital assets (DRM). In this paper, we propose a number of methods forimage steganography using Catalan numbers and Lucas numbers and we show that they produce better resultsthan the technique using Fibonacci numbers. We are able to use Catalan and Lucas numbers since we haveproved that these sets of numbers satisfy similar conditions to those of the Theorem of Zeckendorf.
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Nedomová, Šárka, and Jaroslav Buchar. "Ostrich eggs geometry." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 3 (2013): 735–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361030735.
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Precise quantification of the profile of egg can provide a powerful tool for the analysis of egg shape for various biological problems. A new approach to the geometry of a Ostrich’s egg profile is presented here using an analysing the egg’s digital photo by edge detection techniques. The obtained points on the eggshell counter are fitted by the Fourier series. The obtained equations describing an egg profile have been used to calculate radii of curvature. The radii of the curvature at the important point of the egg profile (sharp end, blunt end and maximum thickness) are independent on the egg shape index. The exact values of the egg surface and the egg volume have been obtained. These quantities are also independent on the egg shape index. These quantities can be successively estimated on the basis of simplified equations which are expressed in terms of the egg length, L¸ and its width, B. The surface area of the eggshells also exhibits good correlation with the egg long circumference length. Some limitations of the most used procedures have been also shown.
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Du, Xiu Li, Shi Wei Hou, De Chun Lu, and Xing Lei Cheng. "Shear Band Analysis of Sand Based on Digital Image Processing Technique." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 2670–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.2670.
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A series of drained tests of ISO medium sand were performed to study the onset and formation of shear band. Using the digital image processing technique, the multifunctional triaxial equipment of GDS was improved. Strain isogram and local stress-strain relation at every sampling time point were recorded based on the improved equipment. The onset of shear band was from inhomogeneity of soil, while the inhomogeneous deformation can be induced by end friction and initial defect. Based on results of global stress-strain and local stress-strain relation, the end friction effect was found to have a strong influence on the radial strain. The macroscopic non-uniform sample was obtained by putting silt clay block into sand sample, evolution of shear band during the loading process showed that the discontinuation of stiffness formed at interface of two materials, with inhomogeneous deformation developing, macroscopic continues shear band fully formed.
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Gharechelou, Saeid, Ryutaro Tateishi, and Brian A. Johnson. "A Simple Method for the Parameterization of Surface Roughness from Microwave Remote Sensing." Remote Sensing 10, no. 11 (2018): 1711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10111711.
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Generally, the characterization of land surface roughness is obtained from the analysis of height variations observed along transects (e.g., root mean square (RMS) height, correlation length, and autocorrelation function). These surface roughness measurements are then used as inputs for surface dynamics modeling, e.g., for soil erosion modeling, runoff estimation, and microwave remote sensing scattering modeling and calibration. In the past, researchers have suggested various methods for estimating roughness parameters based on ground measurements, e.g., using a pin profilometer, but these methods require physical contact with the land and can be time-consuming to conduct. The target of this research is to develop a technique for deriving surface roughness characteristics from digital camera images by applying photogrammetric and geographical information systems (GIS) analysis techniques. First, ground photos acquired by a digital camera in the field were used to create a point cloud and 3D digital terrain model (DTM). Then, the DTM was imported to a GIS environment to calculate the surface roughness parameter for each field site. The results of the roughness derivation can be integrated with soil moisture for backscattering simulation, e.g., for inversion modeling to retrieve the backscattering coefficient. The results show that the proposed method has a high potential for retrieving surface roughness parameters in a time- and cost-efficient manner. The selection of homogeneous fields and the increased spatial distribution of sites in the study area will show a better result for microwave backscattering modeling.
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Georgieva-Tsaneva, G. "Application of Mathematical Methods for Analysis of Digital ECG Data." Information Technologies and Control 14, no. 2 (2016): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/itc-2017-0005.
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AbstractThis paper presents several mathematical methods for analysis of electrocardiogram digital data. The measurement of beat to beat fluctuations known as Heart Rate Variability becomes a non-invasive diagnostic technique to study the cardiac autonomic regulation. The analysis was done by software developed by the author. The article presents the results of linear methods, nonlinear methods and wavelet analysis of Heart Rate Variability data in healthy and diseased subjects. The obtained results and the performed comparative analysis demonstrate the possibility for effective application of the considered methods in new cardiovascular information systems.
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Sun, Koun-Tem, Chun-Huang Wang, and Ming-Chi Liu. "Stop-motion to foster digital literacy in Elementary School." Comunicar 25, no. 51 (2017): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c51-2017-09.
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Although digital media literacy is recognized as the essential competencies required for living in a new media age, it just starts to gain focus in Taiwan's elementary education. One of the reasons is examination-oriented education, with the result that diverts scarce resources away from this informal learning. The other reason is that educators tend to think digital media education as a series of purely technical operation, which might lead student digital media learning to mindless work. Therefore, this study designed a media exhibition based on Kolb's experiential learning model for teaching students concepts of stop-motion films and techniques of film production. A design experiment involved 247 third-grade elementary students that were grouped to visit the experiential exhibition. The findings suggest that the students have improved their knowledge of stop-motion films. Analysis of these produced films also shows that they have improved their media ability to represent their ideas and communicate with others. Through the analysis of the influence of demographics on the knowledge test, the findings revealed that the experiential exhibition is more effective for female elementary students and students' relevant previous experiences may not affect their acquired knowledge. Given those results and observations, we believe that the proposed experiential exhibition is a promising way to carry out digital media literacy education in elementary schools.Although digital media literacy is recognized as the essential competencies required for living in a new media age, it just starts to gain focus in Taiwan's elementary education. One of the reasons is examination-oriented education, with the result that diverts scarce resources away from this informal learning. The other reason is that educators tend to think digital media education as a series of purely technical operation, which might lead student digital media learning to mindless work. Therefore, this study designed a media exhibition based on Kolb's experiential learning model for teaching students concepts of stop-motion films and techniques of film production. A design experiment involved 247 third-grade elementary students that were grouped to visit the experiential exhibition. The findings suggest that the students have improved their knowledge of stop-motion films. Analysis of these produced films also shows that they have improved their media ability to represent their ideas and communicate with others. Through the analysis of the influence of demographics on the knowledge test, the findings revealed that the experiential exhibition is more effective for female elementary students and students' relevant previous experiences may not affect their acquired knowledge. Given those results and observations, we believe that the proposed experiential exhibition is a promising way to carry out digital media literacy education in elementary schools. A pesar de que la alfabetización digital en medios se reconoce como una de las competencias esenciales necesarias para vivir en una nueva era de los medios de comunicación, solo acaba de empezar a ganar atención en la educación primaria de Taiwán. Una de las razones es la educación orientada a los exámenes, y como consecuencia, el que se desvíe muy pocos recursos para este aprendizaje informal. La otra razón es que los educadores tienden a pensar en la educación en medios digitales como una serie de operaciones puramente técnicas, lo que podría llevar a los estudiantes de medios digitales a aprender a trabajar sin sentido. Por lo tanto, este estudio diseñó una exhibición de contenidos basada en el modelo de aprendizaje experiencial de Kolb con el fin de enseñar a los estudiantes conceptos de videos stop-motion y técnicas de producción cinematográfica. El experimento diseñado involucró a 247 estudiantes de tercer grado de primaria que fueron agrupados para visitar la exposición experiencial. Los hallazgos sugieren una mejora en los estudiantes de su conocimiento de videos stop-motion. El análisis de los vídeos producidos también muestra que han mejorado su capacidad mediática para representar sus ideas y comunicarse con los demás. A través del análisis de la influencia de la demografía en la prueba de conocimiento, los hallazgos revelan que la exposición experiencial es más efectiva para los estudiantes de primaria femeninos, y que las experiencias anteriores relevantes de los estudiantes no deberían afectar a los conocimientos adquiridos. Teniendo en cuenta estos resultados y observaciones, creemos que la exposición experimental propuesta es una forma prometedora de llevar a cabo la educación en alfabetización digital en las escuelas primarias.
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Smith, R. M., G. J. Privett, S. Phillipps, and J. I. Davies. "Automatic Detection of Low-Surface Brightness Galaxies on Digital Images." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 161 (1994): 549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900048063.
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Algorithms employed to identify and quantify images on digitised images mostly employ contiguous-pixel (e.g. PISA [based on APM software by Irwin {1985}]) or median-filtering techniques and thus miss extended low surface-brightness features. Searches for low surface brightness galaxies (LSBGs) have therefore so far concentrated on eye-ball searches of Schmidt survey plates. To overcome the subjectiveness of eyeball searches and eliminate the inherent problems in current object-detection algorithms we have investigated other techniques.
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Radfar, Mohsen, Kriyang Shah, and Jugdutt Singh. "Recent Subthreshold Design Techniques." Active and Passive Electronic Components 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/926753.
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Considering the variety of studies that have been reported in low-power designing era, the subthreshold design trend in Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits has experienced a significant development in recent years. Growing need for the lowest power consumption has been the primary motivation for increase in research in this area although other goals, such as lowest energy delay production, have also been achieved through sub-threshold design. There are, however, few extensive studies that provide a comprehensive design insight to catch up with the rapid pace and large-scale implementations of sub-threshold digital design methodology. This paper presents a complete review of recent studies in this field and explores all aspects of sub-threshold design methodology. Moreover, near-threshold design and low-power pipelining are also considered to provide a general review of sub-threshold applications. At the end, a discussion about future directions in ultralow-power design is also included.
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Бессарабов, Владислав. "Полицентричная модель методик обеспечения экономической безопасности предпринимательской деятельности". ИЗВЕСТИЯ ДАЛЬНЕВОСТОЧНОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА. ЭКОНОМИКА И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ, № 3 (2020): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24866/2311-2271/2020-3/137-149.
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В статье рассмотрены современные особенности методологии обеспечения экономической безопасности предпринимательской деятельности и обоснованы ее компоненты. Гармоничное применение методов исследования (от анализа до моделирования) позволило разработать полицентричную модель методик обеспечения экономической безопасности предпринимательской деятельности, которая выступает в качестве компоненты ее единой методологии, отличающейся направленностью элементов на выявление, оценку и противодействие ее угрозам, а также соответствующей современным атрибутам цифровизации экономики. In the course of the study, the components of the unified methodology to ensure the economic security of business activities were substantiated, allowing considering it not only from the standpoint of practice, but also from that of the scientific theory and academic discipline. This predetermined the necessity to form the stages of the techniques development to ensure the economic security of entrepreneurial activity and to adapt their elements. The developed polycentric model of techniques to ensure the economic security of entrepreneurial activity is the substantiation for the logic of the research and for achieving its goal; its presentation in the three-dimensional space clearly shows its structure, content and the interaction of elements: from the formulated attributes of the methodology digitizing to the corresponding software products and information technologies. The universality of the model, as well as the identified elements of the techniques, will allow them to be implemented by both business entities and by the government authorities, due to the common goal and common interest in ensuring the economic security. Within the developed model, the techniques are harmonized, which is manifested primarily in their standardization. At the same time, the trends in digitalization and in the development of information technologies emphasize the dynamic nature of the model, as manifested both in the expansion of the range of techniques (e.g., in the development of a separate techniques for identifying, assessing and countering digital information threats to economic security) and their elements.
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Basran, P. S., M. Wieland, and I. R. Porter. "Technical note: A digital technique and platform for assessing dairy cow teat-end condition." Journal of Dairy Science 103, no. 11 (2020): 10703–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2020-18667.
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Buch, Kaushal D., Shruti Bhatporia, Yashwant Gupta, et al. "Towards Real-Time Impulsive RFI Mitigation for Radio Telescopes." Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation 05, no. 04 (2016): 1641018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s225117171641018x.
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Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) is a growing concern for contemporary radio telescopes. This paper describes techniques for real-time threshold-based detection and filtering of broadband and narrowband RFI for the correlator and beamformer chains of a telescope back-end, with specific applications to the upgraded Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope (uGMRT). The Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) estimator is used for robust estimation of dispersion of the received signal in temporal and spectral domains. Results from the tests carried out for the GMRT wide-band backend (GWB) using this technique show 10 dB improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio. MAD-based estimation and filtering was also found to be useful for filtering beamformer data. The RFI filtering technique demonstrated in this paper will find applications in other radio telescopes as well as receivers for digital communication and passive radiometry.
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Luengo, Oscar, Javier García-Marín, and Emiliana de-Blasio. "COVID-19 on YouTube: Debates and polarisation in the digital sphere." Comunicar 29, no. 69 (2021): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c69-2021-01.
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Social media has significantly transformed how political discussions and deliberations occur, mainly by providing a digital realm for the public sphere. This study aims to analyse the extent of polarised opinions across Spain, Italy and the United Kingdom regarding COVID-19 during 2020 within social media. To do this, we examined YouTube comments (n=111,808) using automatic analysis and machine-learning techniques based on algorithms. This methodological strategy denoted an innovative and unique quantitative approach for this field of study. In line with previous research, the hypothesis was that the degree of polarization does not crystallize in the same manner in different countries’ digital spheres. Therefore, it could be said that higher levels of polarization occur amongst Southern European countries like Spain and Italy (both countries adhering to a polarised pluralism model), compared to other countries ascribing to the liberal model (the United Kingdom in our study), which provides evidence supporting previous research studies. The results confirmed the hypothesis that the polarization of digital deliberation between Spain and Italy is higher than in the United Kingdom. But, also, the findings based on more disaggregated analysis suggest that the most polarized attitudes are even rewarded by other users in Mediterranean countries. Las redes sociales han transformado de forma muy significativa la forma en la que se produce el diálogo político, impulsando una configuración digital de la esfera pública. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo el análisis de la deliberación producida en las redes sociales, con un especial énfasis en la polarización. Tomando como referencia los comentarios observados en YouTube sobre la COVID-19 durante 2020 en España, Italia y Reino Unido, lo cual arroja una muestra de 111.808 comentarios, se aplicaron una serie de técnicas automáticas de análisis basadas en algoritmos, lo que supone una metodología cuantitativa novedosa en este ámbito de estudio. En línea con lo señalado por trabajos previos, la hipótesis que se plantea en este artículo es que el grado de polarización no se da con la misma intensidad en las esferas digitales de distintos casos. De esta manera, cabe esperar unos mayores registros de polarización en la esfera digital de los países del sur de Europa, adscritos a un modelo de pluralismo polarizado, que en países de otros modelos como el liberal. Los resultados confirman la hipótesis, verificando que no solo se observa mayor polarización en España e Italia que en Reino Unido, sino que, a nivel desagregado, los hallazgos apuntan a que la actividad más polarizante obtiene mayor aprobación en los países mediterráneos de nuestra muestra.
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Mustafa, Andam, and Michał Szydłowski. "Application of different building representation techniques in HEC-RAS 2-D for urban flood modeling using the Toce River experimental case." PeerJ 9 (July 2, 2021): e11667. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11667.
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This paper presents the impact of the choice of building representation techniques and hydrodynamic models on urban flood simulations using HEC-RAS 2-D for the Toce River physical model. To this end, eight numerical models based on previous laboratory experiments were prepared to simulate unsteady urban flooding on each side of building units. Two simplified building layouts (aligned and staggered) were examined, where models were prepared for two different building representation techniques: Building Block (BB) and Building Resistance (BR). Water depth variation computations using the BR and BB techniques were compared to the laboratory measurements and previous studies in the literature. A statistical analysis was performed using both the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC) in order to evaluate the performance of the models. A sensitivity analysis showed that the proper mesh resolution and model parameter values were obtained. As far as the BR technique is concerned, it is well-suited for representing building units in numerical simulations using high Manning coefficients. Furthermore, this study confirms the importance of the BR technique, which should help researchers in using low-resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) along with open-source programs. Moreover, the study aims to produce a deeper comprehension of numerical modeling and urban flooding.
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Ravim and Suma K. V. "Low Noise EEG Amplifier Board for Low Cost Wearable BCI Devices." International Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Engineering 5, no. 2 (2016): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbce.2016070102.
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Designing a real-time BCI device requires an Electroencephalogram (EEG) acquisition system and a signal processing system to process that acquired data. EEG acquisition boards available in market are expensive and they are required to be connected to computer for any processing work. Various low cost Digital Signal Processor (DSP) boards available in market come with internal Analog to Digital converters and peripheral interfaces. The idea is to design a low cost EEG amplifier board that can be used with these commercially available DSP boards. The analog data from EEG amplifier can be converted to digital data by DSP board and sent to computer via an interface for algorithm development and further control operations. EEG amplifiers are highly affected by noise from environment. Proper noise reduction techniques are implemented and simulated in circuit design. Each filter stage and noise reduction circuit is evaluated for a low noise design.
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Alharthi, Mariam, and Fahad Alqurashi. "Comparison of query optimization techniques in content based image retrieval (CBIR)." International Journal of Applied Mathematical Research 8, no. 1 (2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijamr.v8i1.29435.
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With increasing the popularity of World Wide Web, storing digital contents increases enormously, in that case, it is important to implement convenient information systems which manage the collections of these digital contents efficiently. This paper concentrates on hastening techniques for efficient retrieval of images. Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) systems are used by common approaches. These systems support retrieving similar images depend on content properties (e.g., color, shape, and texture) by retrieving automatically similar images to a pattern or user-defined specification. The CBIR generally used in several applications by applying different techniques in each application which in turns enhance the retrieval process. The paper aims to evaluate some of these applications and compare them to find out the proper methods that return the best results in these CBIR systems.
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Saravanan, S., and S. Govindarajan. "Mental health analysis on digital world with meditation using EEG." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.36 (2018): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.36.24539.
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Internet, e-mail and other social networks like Myspace, Facebook, twitter, LinkedIn are the indispensable components in today's world. These social networking makes the human to addict into the digital world. Digital world has become the integral part of our society. Addiction to the digital world slowly develops the negative symptoms in the area of physical, physiological, emotional and psychological. The most affected of all is the change in Emotional behaviour of the Humans. Emotions plays an important role in our day today life. The existing research work, based on subjective self-reports shows prolonged use of Digital Media induce negative emotions for Humans. There are several techniques are used to extract the human emotions from brain such as Electroencephalography (EEG), functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), or Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Many of the researchers are extensively used to extract the brain waves using EEG. The negative emotions are controlled by human through meditation. In this paper, the Mind Wave device has been used to extract the EEG signal using different range of age people during they use the Digital Medias and after they perform mediation. The proposed method identify the stress level of the human while they are using social media with meditation and without meditation. It evidently proved that the meditation reduces the stress level of human.
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Ibrahim, Khalid Ahmed, and G. K. Viju. "Securing Images Using Watermarking Technique." FES Journal of Engineering Sciences 6, no. 1 (2012): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/fjes.v6i1.25.
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Factors like Secrecy, Authentication, Non-repudiation and Integrity are considered in dealing with security. Watermarking is one such security measure. Watermarking technology generally permits authors to hide their names in the image behind their original work. In this proposed work, a segment based model is developed wherein the original image is partitioned into various segments and the information is made confidential. At the receiver’s end the segments are combined to obtain the original image and the secret information. The model facilitates both watermark embedding and extraction. Besides copyright protection, authentication, security, digital watermarks can also serve as invisible labels and content links.
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Möbus, G., R. Schweinfest, S. Bernath, and T. Wagner. "Iterative Structure Retrieval Techniques for Aperiodic Defects (e.g. Dislocations) using QHREM." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (1997): 679–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192760001028x.
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The determination of unknown crystal defect structures by iterative digital image matching (“quantitative HREM”) has previously been successfully applied to grain boundaries (e.g. in niobium [1]) or phase boundaries with small misfit (e.g. Nb-sapphire [2]), which offer several advantages: (i) the supercell is small leading to fast cycle times in iterative structure refinement and thus to a secure global optimum, (ii) noise-filtering is possible by translation symmetry, (iii) the interface structure is mostly planar (i.e. perfectly columnar). For dislocations and other aperiodic defects all these three issues are missing and curved atomic columns from surface strains especially cause problems [3]. Any progress in this area must therefore address (i) - (iii) separately and estimate the change of the confidence level of the retrieved structure when switching from interface-refinement to dislocation-refinement. First results of this project address questions of convergency and speed.Since each HREM-Lab is only concerned with a limited number of materials (and elements) as well as with a few microscope-voltages only, it is advisable to calculate transmission functions for single atoms for each element and voltage a single time, and store these data files in a library.
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Kekre, H. B., Tanuja Sarode, Pallavi Halarnkar, and Debkanya Mazumder. "IMAGE SCRAMBLING USING NON SINUSOIDAL TRANSFORM AND KEY BASED SCRAMBLING TECHNIQUE." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 12, no. 8 (2014): 3809–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v12i8.2997.
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Nowadays Digital Images find a lot of applications almost in all the fields, for e.g. Information Hiding. Security of these images is very important. Image encryption is one method of providing security to digital images. In this paper we have proposed a method for Image scrambling which is based on a combination of spatial and frequency domain. Four different Non sinusoidal transforms, Walsh , Slant ,Kekre and Haar were used. Three different types i.e Row , Column and Full Transforms of these four transforms were applied for Image scrambling , out of these four Kekre Transform gave the best result
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Luque, Sergio. "The Stochastic Synthesis of Iannis Xenakis." Leonardo Music Journal 19 (December 2009): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/lmj.2009.19.77.
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In the late 1960s, composer, architect and theoretician Iannis Xenakis (1922–2001) began his research on stochastic synthesis: an approach to microsound synthesis that uses probability distributions to manipulate individual digital samples. He continued with this research for most of the 1970s and from the late 1980s until the end of his career. This article traces the aesthetic origins of this non-standard synthesis technique and gives a historical presentation of its development, including a discussion of the works in which Xenakis used it and a full description of the dynamic stochastic synthesis algorithms. In addition, a new extension of these techniques is put forward: the stochastic concatenation of dynamic stochastic synthesis.
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Boskovic, Aleksandar, Miroslav Despotovic, and Dragana Bajic. "Predictive ECG coding using linear time-invariant models." Archive of Oncology 12, no. 3 (2004): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aoo0403152b.
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Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal compression suffers of lack of standards for analogue-digital conversion. Results of this study have shown that 8 bits/sample, although frequently in use, does not satisfy quality criteria for medical doctors. This paper also presents predictive technique for lossless ECG compression using linear time-invariant models. Tests on clinically measured ECG signals confirm a very good performance in terms of compression ratio.
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Khan, Sahib, Khalil Khan, Farman Ali, and Kyung-Sup Kwak. "Forgery Detection and Localization of Modifications at the Pixel Level." Symmetry 12, no. 1 (2020): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12010137.
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In this paper, we present a new technique of image forgery detection. The proposed technique uses digital signatures embedded in the least significant bits of the selected pixels of each row and column. The process maintains a symmetry in the use of pixels for computing and hiding the digital signatures. Each row and column of the image symmetrically contributes to both processes, with the number of pixels per row or column used for computing the signature, and the pixels used for embedding are not equal and are asymmetric. The pixels in each row and column of an image are divided into two groups. One group contains pixels of a row or column used in the calculation of digital signatures, and the second group of pixels is used for embedding the digital signatures of the respective row or column. The digital signatures are computed using the hash algorithm, e.g., message digest five (MD5). The least significant bits substitution technique is used for embedding the computed digital signature in the least significant bits of the selected pixels of the corresponding row or column. The proposed technique can successfully detect the modification made in an image. The technique detects pixel level modification in a single or multiple pixels.