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Academic literature on the topic 'Digital terrängmodell'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Digital terrängmodell"
Edlund, Susanne. "Framkomlighetsanalys med hjälp av en digital terrängmodell och kartdata." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2413.
Full textDriveability analysis of terrain data offers an important technique for decision support for all kinds of movements in the terrain. The work described in this report uses a high resolution digital terrain model generated from the laser radar data and further processed by the Category Viewer program, and information from the Real Estate Map. Properties of features found in a filtering process are calculated and compared with a set of rules in a knowledge base to get a driveability cost. This cost is then visualized in a graphical user interface.
An evaluation of what driveability is and what it is affected by is performed, and a general cost function is developed, which can be used even if not all relevant information is available.
The methods for property and cost calculation need to be developed further, as well as the rules in the knowledge base. However, the implemented program offers a good framework for furtherresearch in the area.
Fredriksson, Tommy. "Nybyggnadskarta och terrängmodell för ett framtida småhusområde i södra Årsunda." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-11181.
Full textBååth, Maya, and Frida Jonsson. "Utvärdering av höjdosäkerhet i digital terrängmodell framtagen med fotografier infångade med DJI Phantom 4 RTK." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-32797.
Full textThe technology of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) has gained popularity as atool for mapping and modeling applications in recent years. This is mainly dueto the technological developments that have largely automated the process ofproducing digital elevation models (DEMs) and orthophotos. This study investigates the factors that effect the height uncertainty in anelevation model that is produced with data collected with a NRTK-UAS(Network Real-Time Kinematic UAS). We also evaluate two differentscenarios i.e. how the uncertainty is affected by using only NRTK-UAS andthe effect of adding ground control points (GCPs) to NRTK-UAS. It is alsoinvestigated how the flying height and using oblique images affect the DEMuncertainty. This will be assessed by comparing two flights i.e. by capturingnadiral and oblique images. The oblique images were captured at a 60° angle. The study was realised with help from the surveying engineer of Falunmunicipality, who maneuvered the UAS. The study area was around three anda half ha and consisted mainly of park. To be able to test differentgeoreferencing methods GCP:s were surveyed, as well as control profiles thatserved as a reference for investigating the uncertainty of the elevation model.There were totally 3 different flying methods tested: 100 m with nadiralorientation, 50 m with nadiral orientation and 50 m with oblige orientation. The acquired data was processed in the software Agisoft Metashape, where itwas georeferenced with different above-mentioned methods. To be able toexamine which impact GCP has on the uncertainty, five different sets withdifferent number of GCP were made with the photos captured from 100 mflying height. The RMS value varied from 0,060 m for NRTK+1 GCP whichhad the lowest RMS value to 0,068 m for NRTK+2 GCP which had the highest RMS value. We used the combination of NRTK-UAS and GCPs for testing the impact offlying height on the uncertainty. The flying heights 100 m and 50 m wascompared. A decrease of the uncertainty was observed when the flying heightwas 50 m instead of 100 m. Our results show that the RMS-value increased from 0,014 m to 0,017 musing nadiral and oblique images, respectively. The difference is too small tobe able to draw a conclusion. The results for the oblique images improvedwhen only hard surfaces such as asphalt, concrete etc. were observed.
Castenvall, Anna, and Elin Petersson. "Utvärdering av två digitala terrängmodeller på öppna ytor : Framställda med NRTK-GNSS och Laserdata NH." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-32663.
Full textA Digital Terrain Model (DTM) only represent the surface and has a broad application within, for example, community planning. There are different ways of producing a DTM, with the most common methods being ground- or airborne laser scanning and terrestrial- or satellite based measurement. Airborne laser scanning (ALS) uses the technique LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) which measures distances with laser. Lantmäteriet, the Swedish cadastral mapping and surveying authority, began in 2009 with a project to scan entire Sweden with ALS and was finished in 2019. The outcome of the project was a new national height model that is called Laserdata NH with a positional accuracy of 0,1 m in height. The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to study the uncertainty of Laserdata NH and to investigate if it can replace terrestrial measurements, for example replacing Laserdata NH with GNSS mapping. The study area is approximately 0,85 hectares and consists of a grassland area surrounded by gravel paths. The area is located in Teknikparken, Gävle. To see if Laserdata NH can replace GNSS-measurements a DTM was created from Laserdata NH as well as a DTM created from measurements with NRTK-GNSS. All measurements followed the requirements and tolerances according to SIS-TS 21144:2016. To control the uncertainty for Laserdata NH, control profiles were measured, which acted as a reference. The control profiles were also used as a reference when comparing the two DTMs. Max and min deviation, mean deviation, standard deviation and RMS were calculated for each profile, per ground area and using two models. The calculations were performed to see if the values were too high or too low in any part of an area and to be able to see the probability of systematic deviations. A statistical analysis was performed to see if there were any difference between the DTM and the mean deviation of the control profiles. The result showed that there was a statistic significant deviation on the mean deviation between the DTM created by Laserdata NH and the control profile for both the gravel and the grass surface. This means that Laserdata NH cannot replace NRTK-GNSS on open, plain grass or gravel surfaces. The controls of the two DTMs are within the tolerances according to SIS-TS 21144:2016 and are considered reliable. The study concluded that Laserdata NH can be used without supplement to do general plans. However, for detailed analysis Laserdata NH needs to be supplemented with additional measurements or orthophoto.
Jansson, Wilma. "Utvärdering av noggrannhet i digitala terrängmodeller framtagna med totalstation, NRTK, UAV och NH." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78798.
Full textThere are previous research about digital terrain models and how different methods of producing digital terrain models varies in accuracy and there are several different methods to produce a digital terrain models. In this study the following methods, tools and data are used to produce digital terrain models over three different characteristic study areas: total station, GNSS, UAV and NH. Previous work has failed to address the accuracy given by these four methods over the same three characteristic study areas thus preventing the understanding of most suitable methods for different areas. In this study three different green areas have been studied and the different digital terrain models has been produced and controlled with SIS standard SIS-TS 21144:2016. Data in form of height information were collected by the aforementioned methods and processed to generate results over the accuracy of each methods. The results shows that UAV provide most accurately digital terrains models in least time spent in field but also total station and GNSS generate digital terrain models that are accurate.
Lundmark, Johan, and Häggström Lukas Grönlund. "Utvärdering av digitala terrängmodeller framtagna med flygburen laserskanning och UAS-fotogrammetri." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, GIS, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-27295.
Full textDe senaste åren har tekniken för Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) utvecklats snabbt och idag finns flera system på marknaden. Ett resultat av den snabba utvecklingen är att de olika systemen skiljer sig åt, dels i pris men även i kapacitet. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur olika UAS-system skiljer sig åt i mätosäkerhet vid framställning av digitala terrängmodeller, men även hur olika UAS-system står sig mot det regelverk som finns för framställning av digitala terrängmodeller vid detaljprojektering enligt SIS-TS 21144:2016 Tabell 6 klass 1-3. Ytterligare ett syfte med studien var att undersöka hur olika programvaror skiljer sig åt vid framställning av punktmoln från bilddata. I studien kontrollerades och jämfördes tre digitala terrängmodeller genererade över samma område med två olika UAS-system samt laserskanning från ett flygplan. Terrängmodellerna jämfördes mot kontrollprofiler framställda med RUFRIS-metoden. De olika UAS-systemen var en dyrare variant, Smartplanes S1C (fastavingar), och en billigare variant, Dji Phantom 4 PRO (roterande vingar). De tillämpade flyghöjderna för flygningarna var 174 m för Smartplanes och 80 m för Dji Phantom. Resultatet från studien visar att laserskanning från flygplanet uppnådde lägst mätosäkerhet och klarade samtliga krav för varje separat marktyp för detaljprojektering enligt SIS-TS 201144:2016 Tabell 6 klass 1-3. Marktyper som undersöktes var: asfalt, naturmark, gräs och grus. Vidare klarade terrängmodellen producerad med Dji Phantom endast kravet för asfaltsytor, där medelavvikelsen fastställdes till 0,001 m. Terrängmodellen producerad med Smartplanes klarade endast kraven för marktyperna asfalt och grus där medelavvikelsen fastställdes till -0,007 m respektive 0,017 m. Som en del i studien jämfördes programvarorna PhotoScan och UASMaster för framställning av punktmoln för bilder insamlade med Smartplanes S1C. Resultatet visar att PhotoScan uppnådde lägst mätosäkerhet för asfalt, gräs och grus medan UASMaster uppnådde lägst mätosäkerhet för naturmark. Studien visar att flygburen laserskanning borde vara en fortsatt föredragen metod för insamling av topografisk data då metoden resulterade i lägst mätosäkerheter i denna studie. Vidare visar studien att det är möjligt att framställa digitala terrängmodeller med UAS för detaljprojektering enligt SISTS 21144:2016 för asfalt- och grusytor. Dessutom konstateras att olika bearbetningsprogram skiljer sig vid framställning av punktmoln.
Gottfridsson, Tom, and Jonatan Hedström. "Kvalitetsundersökning av digital terrängmodellering med handhållen laserskanner i tätbevuxen skog : Granskning av instrumentet ZEB-REVO." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-33304.
Full textDigital terrain models (DTMs) are used in society for many importantfunctions and therefore need to be kept up to date when changes occur.Sweden has a national height model (NH) that provides height data across thewhole country. The update of NH mostly relies on airborne laser scanning(ALS). The airborne laser scanning method generally has a highermeasurement uncertainty in dense forests. When exploitation or futureplanned changes in forest areas occur, a more accurate model may need to beproduced. An evaluation has been carried out of the handheld laser scanner ZEB-REVO with the aim of determining the instrument's measurement uncertainty indense forests, evaluating how the measurement uncertainty changes with thepoint distance in the produced DTM and the measurement uncertainty ZEBREVOmay achieve in comparison with NH in the same area. The study included two different types of forest consisting of spruce and pineforest trees, respectively. Measurement uncertainty has been determined bymeasuring terrestrial control profiles with a total station. In order to be ableto carry out the measurement of control profiles, a working control networkhas been established through a fully connected traverse using full rounds ofmeasurement. The known points to which the traverse is connected have beenmeasured as free stations using SmartWorx. The results show that the measurement uncertainty improves when the pointdistance is reduced. The measurements with ZEB-REVO have the potential toachieve a lower measurement uncertainty than NH in both forest types. Theresults for the pine forest show that ZEB-REVO can achieve a 4 centimetrelevel uncertainty and an average deviation of height of 0,018 m against themeasured control profiles. The comparison with control profiles for the areain the spruce forest shows that an average deviation in height of 0,058 m wasachievable. ZEB-REVO has the potential to improve data in NH and data collected withZEB-REVO can form the basis for terrain modelling for projectionwork. Theinstrument can also achieve the best accuracy rating 1, for which themaximum mean deviation in height must not exceed 0.02 m.
Eskina, Ksenija, and Ali Watoot. "En jämförelsestudie mellan punktmoln framställda med UAS-fotogrammetri och Laserdata NH på ett industriområde i Västsverige." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för Matematik, Data- och Lantmäteriteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-15321.
Full textGeneration of Digital Terrain Model (DTM) is an essential part in project planning in questions related to spatial planning. Basis for the DTM is the point cloud which obtains initial data from the measurement. DTM can be used in different areas, accepted quality level is depending on the assignment for which DTM is produced. UAS-photogrammetry is one of the methods which is used for DTM generation, but it is possible to produce DTM from point cloud originated from Laserdata NH. A DTM is a model representing entirely terrain surface, where the data used for its generation gathers from measuring of a certain object. The purpose of this study accomplished at Department of Engineering Science at University West was to compare two different methods for point cloud generation as a basis for DTM. First point cloud generated comes from own measurement with UAS-photogrammetry and second is a point cloud from acquired Laserdata NH. The goal of the comparison is to examine if it is possible to replace UAS-photogrammetry with the cost effective Laserdata NH in the project for the industrial area (Lödöse varvet) in Lilla Edet municipality, and if it is possible to replace it generally. With help of Agisoft Metashape software the point cloud from UAS-measurement with DJI Phantom 4 Advanced was generated and then compared to Laserdata NH point cloud in CloudCompare program. Result of this study is showing that it is possible to replace UAS-photogrammetry with Laserdata NH in this specific and others similar projects which have same purpose and certain decided precision since point clouds are not significantly deviating from each other. While it is not possible to replace them generally, as UAS-photogrammetry obtains higher precision concerning point cloud generation compared to accuracy that Laserdata NH has in its measurements.
Gustafsson, Amanda, and Olov Wängborg. "Mätosäkerhet vid digital terrängmodellering med handhållen laserskanner : Undersökning av den handhållna laserskannern ZEB-REVO." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, GIS, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-26841.
Full textA digital terrain model (DTM) represent exclusively the earth surface. There are several methods which can be utilized to create DTMs, where laser scanning have become a common used method. Airborne laser scanning (ALS) is often used since the method can cover a large area in a relatively short time. However a disadvantage with ALS is that the data collection, for a wooded area, can be inadequate due to penetration difficulties for some laser beams. For that reason a handheld laser scanner (HLS) can be an alternative since measurements can be done fast and does not need the same extensive planning. Earlier studies mention HLS to have several advantages but can still not yet be compared with terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) concerning the measurements uncertainty. There are, however, no studies that investigates how measurements with HLS stands against FLS. The purpose with the study is to evaluate the ability to use measurements from HLS to create a DTM for a wooded area in comparison with ALS. This is done by comparing the different uncertainties for each DTM. In the study the acquisition of HLS laser data was collected with the instrument ZEB-REVO and the ALS laser data was received from Lantmäteriet (cadastral mapping and surveying authority in Sweden). After the data acquisition a DTM were created from each data set (method). The DTMs were then compared to control profiles, which have been measured with total station. From the comparison with the control profiles average height deviation and standard deviation were calculated for each DTM. The result shows that the DTM created from ALS data received an average height deviation of 0,055 m for the whole area with a standard deviation of 0,046 m. Corresponding result for the DTM created from HLS data were calculated, at best, to 0,043 m in average height deviation and 0,034 m in standard deviation. The study shows that the methods HLS and ALS gave equivalent result regarding the comparison with the control profiles, however HLS gave a generally lower value for standard deviation. Furthermore ZEB-REVO with its processing program GeoSLAM was considered to be very easy and user friendly. The area (approx. 2000 m2) for the study was scanned within only 10 min. The conclusion which were drawn from the obtained result was that measurements with HLS can generate an equivalent DTM, concerning the uncertainty, as measurements with FLS. Thereby HLS can be a complementing method but still FLS is seen as an effective method.
Sköld, Olivia. "Analys av lägesosäkerheter hos fotogrammetriskt framställda DTM - en jämförelse mellan två programvaror." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-32058.
Full textDrones have become a more and more frequent tool to document the surface of the ground, especially in smaller areas that otherwise are too expensive to observe by other means. This technology makes it possible to create digital terrain models (DTM) that represents the surface of the ground excluding vegetation, houses or other objects on the ground. These models can be created by laser scanned data (LiDAR-data) or aerial photogrammetry (aerial photos). In order to create a digital model from raw data are various software needed. This study aims to test two software’s ability to create digital terrain models from UAS photos. The software were evaluated by the uncertainties of the models, as well as the user-friendliness of each software. All data used in this study was collected by Norconsult for another project in 2018 and consist of UAS photos and data from terrestrial measurements. The softwares used in this study for comparison are UAS Master (using both computer vision and photogrammetric methods) and SURE Aerial (using computer vision). It turned out that additional use of software were needed to create DTMs that were comparable. UAS Master could not show or edit point clouds in 3D, because of this the software Trimble Business Centre had to be used. This program was also used to obtain height deviations. SURE Aerial on the other hand turned out to only be able to create digital surface models (models of the visible ground). The software Cloud Compare and Agisoft Photoscan (nowadays Metashape) were therefore used to create the DTM from the point cloud. The height deviations from the ladder DTM were obtained from the software Geo. Two conclusions could be drawn from this study: 1) the uncertainties of the different surface types were similar in the software despite the different ways to create the DTMs (asphalt: 0.039 m; gravel: 0.040 m; grass: 0.048 m). All of which meet the requirements according to HMK – Flygfotografering 2017; 2) SURE Aerial is a lot easier and quicker to work with but UAS Master give the user a lot more feedback in the way of documentation throughout the different processes.