Journal articles: 'Digital Voltmeter'

1

Martinez, L. M., M. Pont, and J. S. Munoz. "Digital voltmeter-based hysteresigraph." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 29, no. 6 (November 1993): 3007–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.281102.

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Zhang, Wen, Feng Zhen Liu, and Hui Lin Zhang. "Feasibility Analysis of DC Digital Voltmeter Automatic Test Equipment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 575 (June 2014): 537–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.575.537.

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This article is based on DC digital voltmeter test procedures requirements (JJG315-83).It aims to use this method to test digital voltmeter error on the basis of AC and DC voltage , current and resistance with automatic test equipment . Systematic error analysis for the relevant verification and standard deviation analysis is done to prove that test error 6 digital voltmeter is feasible with this device .

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3

Nagy, F. "A new digital vector voltmeter." Measurement 9, no. 1 (January 1991): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0263-2241(91)90026-m.

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4

Gao, Feng, Liang Fei Liu, and Hong Wei Zhao. "LabVIEW-Based Intelligent Digital Voltmeter Design." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 2237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.2237.

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This article describes the SCM combined with A/D converter and wireless digital transmission module which is used for building a DC voltage measurement system based on LabVIEW. The system uses AT89C52 as controller, ICL7135 as precision, double integral A/D converter circuit as voltage data collection, PTR2000 as a wireless transmission module and the LCD display module as the measured voltage. The collected data can be transmitted to a PC. The hardware system design of the DC digital voltmeter is introduced exhaustively. It also gives some details of the hardware circuit design.

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Volovich, Georgy I. "The influence of quantization on level on an error of the digital voltmeter of alternating voltage." Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika, no. 5 (2021): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2021-5-31-36.

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There are given the results of influence the level quantization to the accuracy of measured AC voltage by digital voltmeter. It is shown the influence of sampling frequency and the type of digital filter to effective digit capacity of conversion in case of synchronous and asynchronous sampling. There is obtained an estimate of error by representing the quantization error by centered noise with a uniform distribution. There are presented the results of modeling a digital voltmeter.

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Ihlenfeld, Waldemar G. Kuerten, and Regis P. Landim. "The quantum vector digital voltmeter of INMETRO." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 733 (July 2016): 012079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/733/1/012079.

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7

Lenicek, I., D. Ilic, and R. Malaric. "Determination of High-Resolution Digital Voltmeter Input Parameters." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 57, no. 8 (August 2008): 1685–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2008.923786.

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8

Zhu, Guang Yuan, Wei Wei Hu, and Yu Feng Sun. "The Realization of the 1/2 Blanking in the 4-1/2 Digital Voltmeter Based on ICL7135 Chip." Applied Mechanics and Materials 614 (September 2014): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.614.249.

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It is necessary to realize the 1/2 blanking when designing the 4-1/2 digital voltmeter based on ICL7135 chip. The traditional digital voltmeter meters achieve the function by using the single-chip microcomputer program control. A new design should be considered when circuits are designed without the single-chip microcomputer. This paper combines the blanking terminal of the CD4511 decoding chip with the output signal of the A/D chip to design a complex logic gate circuit for realizing the blanking function. Experiment has been done to verify that the design of the complex logic gate circuit is feasible and it can guarantee the realization of the 1/2 blanking.

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9

Petersen, DR, RE Link, CY Hua, LC McDonald, and KT Hartwig. "Eddy Current Decay Resistivity Measurements Using a Digital Voltmeter." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 25, no. 1 (1997): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte11323j.

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10

La Verne E. Stetson and Gerald R. Bodman. "Digital Voltmeter for Checking Quality of Electrical Connections and Conductors." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 4, no. 2 (1988): 176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.26603.

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11

Muravyov, Sergey, Galina Zlygosteva, and Valeriy Borikov. "Multiplicative Method for Reduction of Bias in Indirect Digital Measurement Result." Metrology and Measurement Systems 18, no. 3 (January 1, 2011): 481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10178-011-0014-x.

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Multiplicative Method for Reduction of Bias in Indirect Digital Measurement ResultThe error reduction technique, based on inverse transformation, for a shunt active resistance measurement using an ammeter and voltmeter is considered. When computing a corrected reading only multiplicative operations on two measurement results are used, namely squaring and division. The proposed method allows to increase re-sistance measurement accuracy by about two orders of magnitude what has been validated by both theoretical and experimental outcomes.

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Harrison, C. G. M., E. W. Hill, P. L. Jones, D. King, R. S. Quayle, and D. J. Tait. "Essential Cadmat — An Integrated Approach to A Foundation Course for Electronic Engineering Undergraduates." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 29, no. 1 (January 1992): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072099202900104.

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Essential CADMAT — an integrated approach to a foundation course for electronic engineering undergraduates This paper gives details of a CADMAT programme for first-year undergraduates taking a new degree course in Electronic Systems Engineering at the University of Manchester. The students design, build and test a digital voltmeter using appropriate CAD tools.

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13

Mirri, D., G. Pasini, L. Peretto, F. Filicori, G. Iuculano, and A. Dolfi. "Implementation and performance evaluation of a broadband digital harmonic vector voltmeter." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 47, no. 1 (1998): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/19.728824.

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14

Bajaj, Kapil M. S., S. T. Lakshmikumar, and Ravi Mehrotra. "Optimization of the performance of a digital voltmeter for synchronous detection." Review of Scientific Instruments 63, no. 5 (May 1992): 3209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142580.

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15

Mirri, Domenico, Gaetano Pasini, Lorenzo Peretto, Fabio Filicori, Gaetano Iuculano, and Andrea Dolfi. "Implementation and performance evaluation of a broad-band digital harmonic vector voltmeter." Computer Standards & Interfaces 21, no. 2 (June 1999): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5489(99)91985-2.

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16

王, 永勤. "Design and Development of an Automatic Calibration System for Digital High Voltmeter." Journal of Electrical Engineering 03, no. 04 (2015): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/jee.2015.34016.

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17

Kyriazis, G. A., and M. L. R. de Campos. "Bayesian inference of linear sine-fitting parameters from integrating digital voltmeter data." Measurement Science and Technology 15, no. 2 (December 11, 2003): 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/15/2/004.

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18

Kyriazis, G. A., and M. L. R. de Campos. "Bayesian inference of linear sine-fitting parameters from integrating digital voltmeter data." Measurement Science and Technology 15, no. 9 (August 18, 2004): 1947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/15/9/c01.

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19

Irvan, Aris. "DIGITALISASI ALAT GEOLISTRIK UNTUK KONFIGURASI SCHLUMBERGER BERBASIS PENGENDALI MIKRO ARDUINO MEGA." JOURNAL ONLINE OF PHYSICS 4, no. 2 (September 25, 2019): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jop.v4i2.6000.

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Penelitian ini memaparkan proses perancangan dan performa alat geolistrik digital. Tujuannya yaitu menghasilkan alat geolistrik digital sebagai pengembangan dari alat geolistrik manual. Dalam penelitian ini alat geolistrik digital dirancang dengan sistem kontrol melalui arduino Mega 2560. Arduino tersebut akan mengontrol kinerja dari sensor dan modul sebagai pengganti voltmeter dan amperemEter yang biasa terpasang pada geolistrik manual. Pengujian dilakukan untuk melihat hasil bacaan alat dengan uji resistor dan box model. Pengujian box model dilakukan dengan pembanding Naniura. Medium pada box model menggunakan pasir basah dan tanah basah secara terpisah. Hasil uji arus dan tegangan menghasilkan error rata-rata sebesar 1,74% untuk tegangan dan 17,97% untuk arus. Pengujian dengan box model untuk kedua medium menghasilkan perbedaan nilai yang cukup signifikan, namun dengan model tahanan jenis yang hampir sama.

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20

Stojilovic, Nenad, and Daniel E. Isaacs. "Resistance of a digital voltmeter: teaching creative thinking through an inquiry-based lab." Physics Education 53, no. 5 (July 17, 2018): 053005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6552/aad0dc.

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21

Pili, Unofre, Renante Violanda, and Joel Pili. "Using a digital voltmeter and a smartphone camera to investigate the RC circuit." Physics Education 54, no. 3 (March 26, 2019): 033004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6552/ab091f.

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22

ZHU Qing-hui, 朱清慧, and 王志奎 WANG Zhi-kui. "Design and simulation of LED digital voltmeter with whole hardware circuit based on proteus." Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays 31, no. 3 (2016): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/yjyxs20163103.0295.

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23

邬, 华春. "The Research on the Negative Reading of Voltmeter in AD590 Digital Ther-mometer Experiment." Open Journal of Circuits and Systems 08, no. 01 (2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ojcs.2019.81001.

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24

Firman, M. G. "Temperature calculation from resistance measurements with a universal digital voltmeter containing a microprocessor controller." Measurement Techniques 34, no. 5 (May 1991): 472–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00975264.

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25

KASYANOV, A. E., D. D. KOBOZEV, and ISMAIL KHEBA. "SOIL MOISTURE GRADIENT HYDROMETER." Prirodoobustrojstvo, no. 4 (2020): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/1997-6011-2020-4-44-47.

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There is proposed the design of a gradient soil moisture meter which includes humidity sensors placed along the horizons of the soil profile, it registers humidity in some soil layers,and it is tested under field conditions. The moisture meter consists of a case, contact block, lead cables, battery, digital voltmeter and capacitive humidity sensors. The contact block is located in the neck of the case, cables are inside the case and capacitive sensors are placed horizontally along the layers of the soil profile. The battery and digital voltmeter are connected to the contact block and placed on the soil surface. The device is installed vertically in the corner of the soil section. The device is installed vertically in the corner of the soil section. Humidity sensors are embedded in the side walls of the section. The device case and all cable connections to the case are sealed. During the field test there was arranged a flood site around the device, the soil was saturated up to the full moisture capacity and the indicators were calibrated: soil moisture – the voltage of the analog outputs. In parallel, the soil moisture was measured by the thermostatic-weight method. The humidity measurement error did not change for two weeks. The efficiency of the proposed design of the moisture meter is confirmed. The stability of the moisture meter was established within 3 weeks with a relative measurement error of 2 … 3%. The moisture meter is installed in the soil for the whole growing season.

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26

Espel, Patrick, André Poletaeff, and Alexandre Bounouh. "Characterization of analogue-to-digital converters of a commercial digital voltmeter in the 20 Hz to 400 Hz frequency range." Metrologia 46, no. 5 (September 17, 2009): 578–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/46/5/023.

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27

Dobrynin, V. V. "Increasing the accuracy of an analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) with an intermediate voltage-to-frequency conversion." Journal of «Almaz – Antey» Air and Space Defence Corporation, no. 1 (February 27, 2021): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.38013/2542-0542-2021-1-42-51.

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The article proposes an approach to increasing the resolution of integrated analogue-to-digital (ADC) converters with intermediate voltage-to-frequency conversion (VFC). At sampling rate1 kHz was achieved effective number of bits (ENOB) from 12 to 16. In addition, an approach to compensating for the non-linearity of voltage-to-frequency conversion was proposed. Across the range of measured voltages from 100 mV to 8 V, the voltage measurement error comprised no more than ±0.025 %, which corresponds to a five-and-a-half-bit voltmeter. The proposed device was implemented exclusively on mass-produced chips. The six independent ADC channels, implemented on 1316PP1AU VFCs, are serviced by a single 1986VE91 microcontroller, with the processor loading with the task of improving accuracy being no more than 10%.

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28

Gingl, Zoltan, and Robert Mingesz. "Comment on ‘Resistance of a digital voltmeter: teaching creative thinking through an inquiry-based lab’." Physics Education 54, no. 5 (July 8, 2019): 056502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6552/ab2bdd.

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29

Tang, Yi-hua, Thomas W. Bartel, and June E. Sims. "Ratio Calibration of a Digital Voltmeter for Force Measurement Using the Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard." NCSLI Measure 3, no. 2 (June 2008): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19315775.2008.11721427.

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30

Liu, Chong, Yu Feng Cao, and Qi Li. "Development of Power Semiconductor Devices DC Parameters Test Instrument." Applied Mechanics and Materials 437 (October 2013): 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.437.485.

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Power semiconductor devices are widely used and its DC parameters test equipment are in great demand. This paper broke through the key technology of high pulsed current generating based on charging and discharging with the capacitor. High voltage source, big pulse current source, constant voltage source that can test large current constant, small current source, small voltage source, a digital voltmeter, etc important parts of a power semiconductor devices DC parameters test equipment have been developed. Also the measurement software for DC parameters testing of the power semiconductor devices has been developed. Based on above, power semiconductor equipments DC parameters test instrument have developed successfully.

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31

Gryzhov, V. K., V. G. Korol’kov, E. V. Gryzhov, and A. D. Akshinsky. "Flexible converter of analog signal into discrete digital one with the example of double integration voltmeter." Automation and Remote Control 75, no. 4 (April 2014): 761–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0005117914040158.

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32

Stojilovic, Nenad, and Daniel E. Isaacs. "Reply to comment on ‘Resistance of a digital voltmeter: teaching creative thinking through an inquiry-based lab’." Physics Education 54, no. 5 (July 8, 2019): 056503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6552/ab2c2b.

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33

Okal, P. "Measuring Setup for Investigation and Visualization of the Percolation Phenomenon in Non-Оrdered Models of Metal-Dielectric Nanocomposites." Devices and Methods of Measurements 11, no. 3 (September 22, 2020): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2020-11-3-171-178.

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The study uses the phenomenon of high voltage partial discharge to investigate the phenomenon of percolation and visualisation of the percolation channel. The phenomenon of partial discharges is very similar to the quantum tunneling phenomenon observed in metal-dielectric nanocomposites. In both cases the flow of alternating current occurs in the absence of direct contact between the metallic phase particles.A measuring stand was developed and constructed to test models of metal dielectric nanocomposites using high voltage partial discharge. The stand consists of a 110 kV high voltage transformer, a voltage regulator protecting the constant rate of high voltage rise, a measuring system consisting of a measuring probe, voltmeters and a computer. The communication between the measuring probe and the voltmeter was made in digital technology with the use of fiber optic technology, which allowed the meter to communicate with the computer without any errors and eliminated the interference caused by a strong electromagnetic field resulting from the use of high voltage.Systems modelling metal-dielectric composites were built, consisting of metallic elements in the form of disks, randomly distributed on the surface of the dielectric matrix. The number of disks was increased in series of 40 in each. The maximum number of disks was 1520. The dependence was determined of one of the important parameters characterising an partial discharge, i. e. the initial voltage, at which an electric current starts to flow between electrodes, on the concentration of the metallic phase. On the basis of these results, a percolation threshold was established for a matrix with a random distribution of metallic phase elements, the value of which is about 50 %. Films and pictures of partial discharges with visible percolation channels were taken with the camera with which the stand was equipped.

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34

Asriyadi, Asriyadi, Andi Wawan Indrawan, Sarwo Pranoto, Ahmad Rizal Sultan, and Rachmat Ramadhan. "Rancang Bangun Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) Pada PLTS dan PLN serta Genset." Jurnal Teknologi Elekterika 13, no. 2 (November 30, 2016): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.31963/elekterika.v13i2.988.

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Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tahap awal atau penelitian tahun pertama “ Desain dan Implementasi Sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Hibrida Sebagai Sumber Energi Alternatif yang Murah dan Andal untuk Suplai Beban Listrik Rumah Tangga Golongan Tarif R-1/TR 1300VA” yang dilakukan untuk merancang atau mendesain dan mengimplementasikan sebuah sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Hibrida (PLTH) yang terdiri atas Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya(PLTS) yang terdiri atas (panel surya atau photovoltaic (PV), baterai), generator set (genset) dan juga dikombinasikan dengan daya listrik dari PLN sebagai upaya pengadaan sumber energi listrik alternatif yang murah dan andal pada pelanggan PLN tipe Rumah Tangga dengan tipe daya RT1/1300VA. Adapun sistem yang akan dibangun terdiri atas lima bagian utama: Pertama, Sumber energi PLTH yang akan membangkitkan energi listrik yang terdiri atas PLTS, Genset dan Sumber PLN. Kedua, sistem baterai sebagai media penyimpanan energi listrik. Ketiga, Power electronic Devices dalam hal ini Inverter yang akan mengubah tegangan DC dari sistem baterai ke tegangan AC / bus AC. Keempat, Automatic Transfer Switch/Automatic Main Failure (ATS/AMF) sebagai sistem kontroler yang akan mengatur pergiliran suplai energi dari PV dan baterai, PLN dan Genset. Kelima, sistem beban dalam hal ini beban rumah tangga pelanggan PLN Tipe daya R1/1300VA. Penelitian tahap awal ini difokuskan pada: Rancang bangun sistem kontroler ATS/AMF yang akan mengatur secara otomatis pergiliran suplai energi dari PV dan baterai, PLN dan genset yang menggunakan Circuit Breaker (CB), Magnetic Contactor (MC),relai, Timer. Desain sistem ATS/AMF dimulai dengan pengembangan Algoritma ATS/AMF, perakitan hardware ATS/AMF meliputi penentuan komponen MCB Schneider 6A, Timer Autonic AT86N, kontaktor Schneider LC1D09, Relay Omron MK3P-I, Relay Omron MK2P-I, Inverter TBE 300 Watt, Battery TOYO 12 Volt, Lampu Indikator, Voltmeter digital dan Saklar Push Button yang disesuiakan dengan daya 1300 Watt 6 dan terakhir adalah pengujian hardware ATS/AMF. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Algoritma ATS/AMF bekerja sesuai dengan algoritma yang telah dirancang baik secara simulasi maupun pengujian hardware. Sebagai contoh,ari salah satu hasil pengujian diperoleh:Ketika dari ketiga suplai (PLTS, PLN, Genset) tersedia energi listrik, maka yang menyuplai ke beban hanyalah energi listrik dari PLTS dibuktikan dengan Lampu Indikator yang aktif pada sisi PLTS, Voltmeter digital PLTS menunjukkan besaran tegangan 227 Volt dan lampu pijar yang menyala dalam hal ini sebagai simulasi beban.

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35

Nalisko, Mykola, Valerii Sobolev, Dmytro Rudakov, and Nataliia Bilan. "Assessing safety conditions in underground excavations after a methane-air mixture explosion." E3S Web of Conferences 123 (2019): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912301008.

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A technique for evaluation of shock wave impulse after a methane-air mixture explosion is elaborated. The numerical model developed in previous studies has been verified in the laboratory by using laser initiation of explosives and measuring the pressure impulses of explosion products on a ballistic pendulum. To evaluate the mechanical impulse the functional correlations between its magnitude, the swing angle, and the pendulum characteristics have been derived analytically. The reliability of experimental results is ensured by calibrating the sensor that measures the pendulum swing angle and estimating the impulse measurement errors caused by specifics of angle measurements by a digital voltmeter, pendulum axis friction, and the pauses between measurements. Testing the developed technique to evaluate the shock wave impact showed satisfactory consistency of experimental and theoretical results with the momentum deviation below 9%, which confirms model applicability and correct reproducibility of the shock wave propagation process.

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36

Popko, Vadim V., Diana V. Sentemova, and Maryna A. Yarmalovich. "Optimization of the process of reproduction, collection, transmission, processing and display of measurement results of the National voltage unit standard – volt." Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika, no. 7 (2021): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2021-7-27-31.

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Considered options for automating the calibration. An automatic calibration system has been developed, investigated and introduced into the production process, which is a software and hardware complex consisting of measuring instruments from the composition of the National standard of voltage unit – volt and additional modules. The automatic system was created on the basis of the modern programming language “Python” with the involvement of the experience of metrologists. A study of the results of calibration of reference voltage measures was carried out: the obtained results of the calibration of the DC voltage (assigned real value with expanded uncertainty) were analyzed in automatic and manual modes and using the “supraVOLTcontrol” system, which implements the Josephson effect. The automatic system was used in the study of the integral instability (nonlinearity) of a digital voltmeter, while a significant minimization of labor costs was obtained. The developed automatic calibration system allows to reduce labor intensity and duration of measurements, provides flexibility and ability to rebuild depending on emerging issues during research.

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37

Faisal, Agah. "PENETAPAN SISTEM ACUAN DAYA AC UNTUK LABORATORIUM STANDAR NASIONAL BERDASARKAN STANDARD WATT CONVERTER." Jurnal Standardisasi 17, no. 1 (August 31, 2016): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31153/js.v17i1.287.

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Abstrak Puslit KIM-LIPI telah mengembangkan suatu sistem pengukuran acuan daya AC untuk laboratorium standar nasional dengan ketelitian pengukuran yang lebih baik dari 75 ppm pada faktor cakupan 2 dan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Sistem tersebut berbasis Standard Watt Converter (SWC), beban semu, dan digital DC voltmeter yang telah diketahui koreksinya melalui proses kalibrasi kepada standar yang dimiliki Lembaga Metrologi Nasional Australia (NMIA) dan Lembaga Metrologi Nasional Indonesia (Puslit KIM-LIPI). Metode perbandingan terhadap sistem acuan tersebut telah diterapkan pada suatu Unit Under Calibration (UUC) yang berupa power meter berketelitian tinggi. Hal ini dilakukan untuk menampilkan unjuk kerja sistem acuan daya AC dalam proses pengukuran koreksi pembacaan dari power meter. Hasil evaluasi pada titik-titik pengukuran 120 V, 5 A, dan 53 Hz menunjukkan bahwa koreksi pembacaan terbesar adalah 133 ppm. Nilai tersebut berkesesuian dengan kelas akurasi power meter ZERA RMM3001 yaitu 0,02% atau sebesar 200 ppm. Dari hasil unjuk kerja sistem pengukuran ini maka penetapan acuan daya AC untuk laboratorium standar nasional seperti Puslit KIM-LIPI mencukupi. Kata kunci: sistem pengukuran acuan, daya AC, standard watt converter, koreksi pembacaan, power meter. Abstract Puslit KIM-LIPI has developed an AC power reference measurement system for a national standard laboratory with a measurement precision better than 75 ppm at coverage factor 2 and confidence level 95 %. The system was based on the instruments of a standard watt converter, a phantom load, and a standard digital voltmeter, which the corrections of those readings are known by calibration processes to both National Metrology Institute of Australia (NMIA) and Puslit KIM-LIPI. The comparison method of the AC power reference system has been applied to the high precision power meter as a unit under calibration (UUC). This was done to show the measurement performance of AC power reference system in the process to find the reading correction of the power meter under calibration. The measurement evaluation at 120 V, 5 A, and 53 Hz showed that the worst reading correction was 133 ppm. That value was on the agreement with the class accuracy of ZERA RMM3001 power meter which is 0,02 % or 200 ppm. The performance of the measurement system indicated that the establishment of the ac power reference for a national standard laboratory such as Puslit KIM-LIPI was adequate. Keywords: reference measurement system, AC power, standard watt converter, reading correction, power meter.

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38

Zafar, Mubeen, Muhammad Naeem Awais, Muhammad Asif, Amir Razaq, and Gul Amin. "Fabrication and characterization of piezoelectric nanogenerator based on Al/ZnO/Au structure." Microelectronics International 34, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mi-11-2015-0092.

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Purpose The purpose of this research work is to harvest energy using the piezoelectric properties of ZnO nanowires (NW). Fabrication and characterization of the piezoelectric nanogenerator (NG), based on Al/ZnO/Au structure without using hosting layer, were done to harvest energy. The proposed method has full potential to harvest the cost-effective energy. Design/methodology/approach ZnO NW were fabricated between the thin layers of Al- and Au-coated substrates for the development of piezoelectric NG. To grow ZnO NW, ZnO seed layer was prepared on the Al-coated substrate, and then ZnO NW were grown by aqueous chemical growth method. Finally, Au top electrode was used to conclude the Al/ZnO/Au NG structure. The Al and Au electrodes were used to establish the ohmic and Schottky contacts with ZnO NW, respectively. Findings Surface morphology of the fabricated device was done by using scanning electron microscopy, and electrical characterization of the sample was performed with digital oscilloscope, picoammeter and voltmeter. The energy harvesting experiment was performed to excite the presented device. The fabricated piezoelectric-sensitive device revealed the maximum open circuit voltage up to 5 V and maximum short circuit current up to 30 nA, with a maximum power of 150 nW. Consequently, it was also shown that the output of the fabricated device was increased by applying the stress. The presented work will help for the openings to capture the mechanical energy from the surroundings to power up the nano/micro-devices. This research work shows that NGs have the competency to build the self-powered nanosystems. It has potential applications in biosensing and personal electronics. Originality/value The fabrication of simple and cost-effective piezoelectric NG is done with a structure of Al/ZnO/Au without using hosting layer. The presented method elucidates an efficient and cost-effective approach to harvest the mechanical energy from the native environment.

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Popov, V. S., and E. V. Shumarov. "Substitution-type voltmeters with digital signal processing." Measurement Techniques 36, no. 6 (June 1993): 705–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00980021.

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Ilic, D., and J. Butorac. "Use of precise digital voltmeters for phase measurements." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 50, no. 2 (April 2001): 449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/19.918163.

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Kotel'nikov, N. I. "Modified calibration unit for general-purpose digital voltmeters." Measurement Techniques 31, no. 4 (April 1988): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00865649.

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Rietveld, G. "Accurate determination of the input impedance of digital voltmeters." IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology 151, no. 5 (September 1, 2004): 381–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-smt:20040700.

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Soliman, S. A. "Power system digital voltmeters with low sensitivity to frequency change." Measurement 16, no. 3 (November 1995): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0263-2241(95)00021-2.

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Malaric, R., I. Lenicek, and K. Malaric. "Voltage Ratio Measurements Using Two Digital Voltmeters and Resistive Voltage Divider." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 55, no. 2 (April 2006): 584–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2006.870120.

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Zhu, Zhi Qin, Shao Tao Dai, Yu Ping Teng, Li Ye Xiao, Xue Min Liang, Zhi Cheng Cao, Dong Zhang, and Tao Ma. "The Temperature Measurement for the 10 kA HTS Cable." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.187.

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A 10 kA HTS cable for the most transmission current in the world has been successfully demonstration developed on Sep. 26, 2012 in Gongyi, Henan Province of China. The 10 kV HTS cable is 360 meters long. This paper described the temperature measuring for the 10 kA HTS cable and the calibrated error is 0.1 K. The temperature signals of the 10 kA HTS cable conclude the high-voltage temperature signals and the low-voltage temperature signals which use the different high-precision digital voltmeters to test. Software is developed by using GENESIS 64 program.

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Georgakopoulos, Dimitrios, Ilya Budovsky, Stephen Grady, and Thomas Hagen. "Quantum Calibration System for Digital Voltmeters at Voltages from 10 nV to 1 kV." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 62, no. 6 (June 2013): 1581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2012.2225928.

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Maruyama, Michitaka, Hikari Takahashi, Kenichi Katayama, Takahito Yonezawa, Takahiro Kanai, Akio Iwasa, Chiharu Urano, Shogo Kiryu, and Nobu-hisa Kaneko. "Evaluation of Linearity Characteristics in Digital Voltmeters Using a PJVS System With a 10-K Cooler." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 64, no. 6 (June 2015): 1613–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2015.2418455.

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Kornev, V. E., and M. B. Dolgii. "Experience in using digital voltmeters in the system measuring the pool levels and head at hydroelectric stations." Hydrotechnical Construction 23, no. 10 (October 1989): 598–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01427979.

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Troiaoi, G. L. "Improving the accuracy of digital voltmeters in the presence of ADC input noise by averaging the readings." Measurement Techniques 33, no. 6 (June 1990): 599–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00977928.

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"Digital AC Voltmeter Error Caused by Level Quantization." Bulletin of the South Ural State University series "Power Engineering" 19, no. 4 (2019): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/power190415.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Digital Voltmeter'

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