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Journal articles on the topic 'Digitalization of TV'

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1

Abdullah, Assyari. "Pola Kebijakan Digitalisasi Penyiaran di Indonesia." ARISTO 8, no. 1 (2020): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24269/ars.v8i1.2092.

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The purpose of the study is to see how broadcasting digitalization policies in Indonesia after the shaking of the status of broadcast digitalization after the Supreme Court's decision. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach to explore the issues and problems that exist around the digitalization of broadcasting in Indonesia. The practice of broadcasting digitalization in Indonesia does not have clear regulations after Ministerial Regulation 22/2011 has been revoked. So that policies and regulations in managing broadcast digitalization are unclear. Simulcast Public Broadcasting Institutions (LPPs) and Private Broadcasting Institutions (LPS) have conducted trials in the field of broadcast digitalization. TVRI as a Public Broadcasting Institution (LPP) already has TVRI Digital Broadcasting Channel -1, TVRI Digital Broadcast -2, TVRI Digital Broadcast -3, TVRI Digital Broadcast -4 and TVRI Digital-HD Broadcasting. Private Broadcasting Institutions (LPS) that conduct trials are Nusantara TV, Inspira TV, Kompas TV, Gramedia TV, Tempo TV, Net TV, CNN TV, Muhammadiyah TV, Merahputih TV, Badar TV, and Persada TV. The government and all stakeholders must seriously oversee the revision of the broadcasting law that accommodates broadcast digitalization.
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Abdullah, Assyari. "Pola Kebijakan Digitalisasi Penyiaran di Indonesia." ARISTO 8, no. 1 (2020): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24269/ars.v8i1.2263.

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The purpose of the study is to see how broadcasting digitalization policies in Indonesia after the shaking of the status of broadcast digitalization after the Supreme Court's decision. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach to explore the issues and problems that exist around the digitalization of broadcasting in Indonesia. The practice of broadcasting digitalization in Indonesia does not have clear regulations after Ministerial Regulation 22/2011 has been revoked. So that policies and regulations in managing broadcast digitalization are unclear. Simulcast Public Broadcasting Institutions (LPPs) and Private Broadcasting Institutions (LPS) have conducted trials in the field of broadcast digitalization. TVRI as a Public Broadcasting Institution (LPP) already has TVRI Digital Broadcasting Channel -1, TVRI Digital Broadcast -2, TVRI Digital Broadcast -3, TVRI Digital Broadcast -4 and TVRI Digital-HD Broadcasting. Private Broadcasting Institutions (LPS) that conduct trials are Nusantara TV, Inspira TV, Kompas TV, Gramedia TV, Tempo TV, Net TV, CNN TV, Muhammadiyah TV, Merahputih TV, Badar TV, and Persada TV. The government and all stakeholders must seriously oversee the revision of the broadcasting law that accommodates broadcast digitalization.
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3

Tamashima, Yasuteru. "Special Edition Digitalization for TV Broadcasting Station. Digitalization for TV Broadcasting Stations. "Cases of Digitalization for Broadcasting Stations"." Journal of the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan 48, no. 6 (1994): 649–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej1978.48.649.

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4

Barmoov, Lucia. "Digitalization of TV broadcasting in Slovakia." International Journal of Digital Televison 1, no. 3 (2010): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jdtv.1.3.361_7.

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5

Tsutsui, Takeo, and Masatoshi Chihaya. "Special Edition Digitalization for TV Broadcasting Station. Digitalization for TV Broadcasting Stations. The Prospects for the Total Digitalization of a Broadcasting Chain." Journal of the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan 48, no. 6 (1994): 643–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej1978.48.643.

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6

Jennes, Iris, and Jo Pierson. "Audience measurement and digitalization: Integrating TV and Internet?" International Journal of Digital Television 3, no. 2 (2012): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jdtv.3.2.239_1.

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7

Tamura, Shinichi. "Special Edition Digitalization for TV Broadcasting Station. Digitalization of Transmission Lines. Digital Satellite News Gathering." Journal of the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan 48, no. 6 (1994): 670–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej1978.48.670.

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8

Sharikov, Alexander V. "Film Viewing of the Russians on TV Channels: Sociological Analysis." Journal of Flm Arts and Film Studies 10, no. 3 (2018): 128–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vgik103128-143.

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In the context of increasing digitalization of media-space, the analysis of broadcasting films on Russian leading TV channels is of intense interest. The article examines the specific character of movie broadcasting in general and the films preferred by Russian TV audience. The analysis is based on the viewing grids of 22 Russian channels in the July of 2018 taking into account the main data of film repertoire on TV and the preferences of the audience in accordance with the age categories.
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9

Harjessi, P. Nurtrio, Martani Huseini, and Martani Huseini. "Kesiapan Pemerintah Dalam Menghadapi Digitalisasi Televisi Menurut Perspektif Organisasi Pembelajar." Inovbiz: Jurnal Inovasi Bisnis 7, no. 2 (2019): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.35314/inovbiz.v7i2.1217.

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Television digitization is an internationally agreed consensus. Government readiness is needed to face the changes and technological developments. One perspective that can be used to face television digitalization is by forming a learning organization. Basically, learning organizations formed by the government involving all stakeholders will produce readiness in television digitalization, although challenges and obstacles are often found in the formation of these learning organizations. Constraints faced can be in the form of legal issues in the form of lawsuits and resistance due to lack of learning and the involvement of all parties in technological change. This paper uses the method of analysis of literature studies through books, journals, reports, and publications related to government readiness in facing television digitalization in accordance with the perspective of the learning organization. The results of the analysis indicate that the perspective of the learning organization can be one of the solutions to face television digitalization, such as the formation of a task force that is being carried out by the government by involving all stakeholders as a forum for learning. Besides that the government is trying to prepare its organization to face television digitalization with several efforts such as drafting the government's version of the Broadcasting Law; developing guidelines for digital broadcasting blueprints; establishment of working groups for the preparation of analog to digital TV migration; conducting socialization and promotion; conducting studies on the preparation of digital TV business opportunities to the stipulation of Ministerial Decrees on Digital Broadcast Trials.
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10

Liu, Chorng-Jian, and Yi-Fei Chuang. "From Sluggish to Brisk: An analysis of Taiwan׳s cable TV digitalization policy." Telecommunications Policy 39, no. 11 (2015): 980–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2015.09.003.

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11

Rozanova, N., and A. Yushin. "Digital Technologies in TV and Transformation of Media Market." World Economy and International Relations, no. 5 (2015): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-5-92-103.

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The article analyzes new phenomena in the field of television associated with the digital era, in particular, the transformation of media market under the influence of technological, economic, financial and institutional factors of digitalization. Contemporary international and Russian television industry is in the process of digital revolution. The era of traditional television as a typical broadcasting technology, a traditional social, economic and cultural phenomenon, has come to an end. We are on the verge of a global and irrevocable shift to mass utilization of various digital devices that certainly affect the positions of television as a separate industry. Modern television is outlined as a part of a wide digital media market, just a segment of a highly competitive entertainment structure with complex network interactions. In terms of Russia, the new phenomena accompanying the evolution of media and television markets in the process of digitalization urgently need an economic analysis. In what direction is it necessary to develop the local broadcasting? Is there a sound commercial future of national and regional television companies? What lessons can extract Russia from world experience? What else does Russian television need to improve efficiency and global competitiveness? These issues are detail considered in the article. Trends and obstacles for the implementation of a prospective business model for Russian TV are shown. It is concluded that successful development of the Russian television industry is possible only under the conditions of efficient formation of a fundamentally new configuration of a multi-market structure type.
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12

Homma, Yasubumi. "Special Edition Digitalization for TV Broadcasting Station. Digitalization of Transmission Lines. Future View of the Digital Field Pick-up Unit." Journal of the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan 48, no. 6 (1994): 674–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej1978.48.674.

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13

Sasaki, Nobuyuki. "Special Edition Digitalization for TV Broadcasting Station. Control and Monitoring Systems for Digitalized Equipment. Digitalization of the Control System using LAN." Journal of the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan 48, no. 6 (1994): 676–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej1978.48.676.

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14

de Holanda, Giovanni M., Ismael M. A. Ávila, and Ricardo B. Martins. "Mapping users’ perspectives and outlining social impacts from digitalization of terrestrial TV in Brazil." Telematics and Informatics 25, no. 1 (2008): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2006.01.001.

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15

Mikos, Lothar. "Digital Media Platforms and the Use of TV Content: Binge Watching and Video-on-Demand in Germany." Media and Communication 4, no. 3 (2016): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v4i3.542.

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The advancing digitalization and media convergence demands TV broadcasting companies to adjust their content to various platforms and distribution channels. The internet, as convergent carrier medium, is increasingly taking on a central role for additional media. Classical linear TV is still important, but for some audiences it has been developing from a primary medium to a secondary medium. Owing to the growing melding of classical-linear TV contents with online offerings (e.g. video-on-demand platforms or Web–TV), a great dynamic can be seen which has triggered numerous discussions about the future of TV for some time now. This article will summarize the results of two different audience studies. Film and television shows are meanwhile distributed online via Video-on-Demand platforms such as Netflix or Amazon Prime Video. The first audience study has dealt with the use of VoD-platforms in Germany investigating user rituals, user motivation to watch films and TV shows on these platforms, and the meaning of VoD in everyday life. Most of the participants in this study reported that they mainly watch TV drama series at Netflix or Amazon Prime. Therefore, the second audience study focused the online use of television drama series of individuals and couples elaborating the phenomenon of binge watching. In relating the audience practice to the new structures of the television market the article will shed light on the future of television.
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16

Petridis, Sotiris. "TV miniseries or long-form film? A narrative analysis of The Haunting of Hill House." Journal of Screenwriting 11, no. 2 (2020): 207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/josc_00026_1.

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In the last decade, the television landscape has drastically transformed with the digitalization of the medium. Subscription video on demand platforms have started to produce original content and as such, are changing distribution and consumption patterns of contemporary TV series. Netflix, one of the main platforms that instigated this change, has systematically produced original drama and comedy content indented for binge-watching. The Haunting of Hill House is a recent example of these Netflix original miniseries. In this article, I analyse the overarching story of the series and argue that the structure of the narrative works more like a long-form film rather than a TV series. In doing so, I comment on the nature of television drama writing in this new binge-watching era.
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17

Todorova, Verginya, and Rosen Pasarelski. "Analysis of the main components and processes for the receiving and processing of television content on IPTV." Yearbook Telecommunications 6 (September 29, 2019): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33919/ytelecomm.19.6.10.

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The purpose of the article is to present the evolution of television networкs and services and streaming them through analogue TV to full digitalization to the introduction of IP technology and advanced smart smart equipment. The networкs of cable TV operators are being transformed into triple play networкs, кnown as triple play. In addition to standard television, they also carry telephony and the Internet. As a result, it can be considered that the equipment converges and becomes more intelligent and highly functional. To date, networкs are switching to the IP core and offering high-speed and broadband IP services. Television is undergoing its metamorphosis and is being transformed to IPTV - (Internet Protocol TeleVision). The authors' contributions are related to the analysis of the main components and processes for the acquisition and processing of television content in IPTV.
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18

Tagami, Hiroyasu. "Special Edition Digitalization for TV Broadcasting Station. Digital Standalone Equipment and Its Operation. Digital Master Equipment." Journal of the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan 48, no. 6 (1994): 664–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej1978.48.664.

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19

Valic-Nedeljkovic, Dubravka, and Karlo Bala. "How much knowledge about digitalization of TV broadcasting have those who should promote it to the public." Kultura, no. 135 (2012): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/kultura1235189v.

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20

Suesada, Kunio, and Ichiro Ogura. "Special Edition Digitalization for TV Broadcasting Station. Digital Standalone Equipment and Its Operation. Trends of Digital VTR. D3,D5." Journal of the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan 48, no. 6 (1994): 656–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej1978.48.656.

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21

Sama, Ramzan. "Impact of Media Advertisements on Consumer Behaviour." Journal of Creative Communications 14, no. 1 (2019): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973258618822624.

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Marketers invest in various media platforms to influence consumer behaviour (CB). Advertisement on every media platform has a different composition that engages the consumers in a distinct way. Digitalization has led to changes in consumers’ media habits. Hence, a deeper understanding of advertisements on different media platforms and its implications on CB need to be established. This article focuses on the effects of television (TV), radio, newspapers, magazines and the Internet advertisements on awareness (AWR), interest (INT), conviction (CON), purchase (PUR) and post-purchase (PPUR) behaviour of consumers. The online survey method was utilized for the study. Data were collected from 529 respondents comprising students in India. Statistical tools such as Cronbach alpha, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Kruskal–Wallis (K–W) test were used to analyse the collected data. The results indicate that newspapers advertisements affect all the five stages of CB. The impact of TV and the Internet for creating AWR, INT and CON among the consumers is statistically evident. The results also revealed that magazines and newspapers are effective media in influencing PUR and PPUR behaviour of consumers. Advertising managers can take a cue from this research and enhance the objectivity of advertisements by investing in appropriate media.
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22

Gadringer, Stefan, Ricard Parrilla Guix, and Josef Trappel. "Spectrum allocation, media policy and the key stakeholders’ understanding of digitalization in Austria: A shift in the regulatory preferences from broadcasting to broadband." journal of digital media & policy 10, no. 2 (2019): 163–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jdmp.10.2.163_1.

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Recent developments regarding media services transmitted through broadcasting and broadband technology have sparked new trends in digitalization and media convergence. Digitalization was supposed to safeguard the key social role of broadcasting in Europe, but it has mainly intensified its market dependence and orientation. Broadcasters no longer have priority in spectrum policy over online audio–visual services and broadband. Against this background, we analyse how much broadcasting is losing ground as a privileged cultural form as well as a widely used form of electronic mass communication technology in Austria. Through document analysis and stakeholder interviews, this article addresses how far, between 2007 and 2017, regulation, frequency allocations and the preferences of politicians and key stakeholders point at the substitution of broadcasting by broadband as the main means for the provision of media mass communication. The project draws on a new-institutionalist approach, which states that the output in a given policy process can be understood by researching technological change and the preferences of state and market actors together with the ideological cleavages and the formal and informal institutional rules affecting the process. The research objectives are: (1) to assess the evolution of media policy and communication legislation affecting broadcasting and electronic communication during the final stage of TV digitalization in Austria; (2) to assess the available supply and demand of the radio spectrum for free-to-air (FTA) broadcasting and the frequency share of broadcasters and (mobile) broadband operators; (3) to assess the understanding that political decision-makers and key stakeholders have regarding the role of broadcasting and broadband services both as social practice and as a technological solution for mass communication. The findings, which generally point to a shift from broadcast to broadband, are analysed against the background of the WRC 2015 outcome.
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23

Uno, Junzo. "Special Edition Digitalization for TV Broadcasting Station. Control and Monitoring Systems for Digitalized Equipment. Measurement of Studio Digital Video Equipment." Journal of the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan 48, no. 6 (1994): 680–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej1978.48.680.

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24

Sherstoboeva, Elena. "Audiovisual Regulation in Russia in the Context of Council of Europe Standards." Review of Central and East European Law 44, no. 3 (2019): 366–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730352-04403006.

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This paper explores, mainly from a legal perspective, the extent to which Russian regulation of traditional TV and online audiovisual media policies has been consistent with Council of Europe (hereinafter CoE) standards. The study compares the CoE and Russian approaches to specific aspects of audiovisual regulation including licensing, media ownership, public service media, digitalization, and national production. The paper first studies the CoE perspective through examining its conventional provisions related to audiovisual media regulation, the case law of the European Court of Human Rights as well as CoE non-binding documents. The study proceeds to consider Russian national law governing audiovisual media and the practice of Russian courts of general jurisdiction on broadcast licensing. The paper suggests that Russian audiovisual regulation is insufficiently compatible with CoE standards and mainly seeks to maintain excessive governmental control over the audiovisual sector in a digital environment.
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25

Skachkov, N. G. "Legal Regulation of Cross-Border Shipping of Dangerous Goods in the Conditions of Digitalization." Lex Russica 1, no. 2 (2020): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2020.159.2.133-140.

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The author explores the legal aspects of network space risks, when legal imperatives are laid for the transportation and stay of a consignment of dangerous goods on board a ship. It is concluded that it is difficult to choose the law to be applied. In this regard, the material norms that make up the operational risk space can serve as a guide. Their selection is often a precursor to earning assets net operating profit. At the same time, the variety of legal facts with which the acquirer on arrival of property associates his right to file an ownership claim is formulated either in the contract of connection or accession. Therefore, separate prerequisites for the emergence of business and legal risks at the stage of abandoning consumer insurance in favor of its property qualification are highlighted. The paper shows types of encumbrances that accompany the problems of optimizing the costs of insurance against cyber risks. Even if insurance companies find their offer profitable for customers, the basis of the risk of financial loss is still the recovery of lost data. The insurer is forced to dispose of advanced analytical developments, such as, for example, blockchain or smart contracts that are very common today. Policyholders, in turn, use digital distribution and other virtual service models to not only reduce costs to a minimum, but also gain competitive advantages. The author analyzes the norms of the Convention acts on the transboundary shipping of dangerous goods. The International standards of TV and radio communications ISO/IEC 11801 and ISO/IEC 27001 (ISMS — 2018) are studied, and the conclusion is made that the threat to technological resources is identified with a comprehensive legal strategy for owner protection.
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26

Susilawati, Retno, and Gunawan Bagaskoro. "PENGGUNAAN KLIP VIDEO DARI YOUTUBE DI DALAM ACARA TELEVISI YANG BERSIFAT KOMERSIAL DIPANDANG DARI UNDANG-UNDANG No. 28 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG HAK CIPTA." SUPREMASI HUKUM 17, no. 1 (2021): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33592/jsh.v17i1.1177.

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The development of technology in cellular phones, cameras, digitalization, and internet create new opportunities in creating art, including cinematograpics creation and in sharing said creation to the public. Using a cellular phone, one can create and edit a film then upload saif film to video sharing platform such as Youtube, Vimeo, Metacafe, Dailymotion, etc. Problems arise when the uploaded films are being used, without the owner’s consent, for a commercial activity, in this case in a commercially TV show which has commercial slot in it. This article will discuss the afromentioned video usage in relation to Law No. 28 Year 2014 Regarding Copyright. The usage of uploaded videos in commercial activity infringes the copyright owner’s exclusive rights and in the process of obtaining the said video disables or circumvents technological protection measures put in place by the platform.
 
 Keyword: copyright; video sharing platform; technological protection measures
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27

Sakamoto, Hitoshi, and Tetsuo Ogawa. "Special Edition Digitalization for TV Broadcasting Station. Digital Standalone Equipment and Its Operation. Trends of Digital VTR ; D1,D2,Digital Betacam." Journal of the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan 48, no. 6 (1994): 653–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej1978.48.653.

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28

Sinyaeva, I. M. "THE MANAGEMENT MODEL OF THE MODERN COMPLEX OF MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS." Business Strategies, no. 6 (June 6, 2019): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2311-7184-2019-6-19-23.

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This article investigates modern marketing communications with the emphasis on the importance of creating a model of communication management aimed at improving the results of market participation of the organization. Studying the transformation of the national economy, the trends of concentration of industrial and financial capital, digitalization and customer focus of national business are rightly noted. The author logically highlights the dominance of Internet advertising in the modern complex of communications, which for the first time in 2018 was ahead of TV advertising in terms of sales. Scientific novelty lies in the proposed model of management of a modern complex of marketing communications, which will allow management to increase the quality of customer service. Attention should be paid to the author’s emphasis on the importance of activating the feedback in the proposed model to adjust management decisions as a guarantor of the formation of demand, financial stability of the organization and the image of the organization.
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29

Hanajima, Hiroshi. "Special Issue. Recent of Broadcasting Technology. 2. Total Digitalization. 2-2 Standalone Equipments. 2-2-1 Digital TV Camera for Broadcast Use." Journal of the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan 46, no. 4 (1992): 422–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej1978.46.422.

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30

Fedorchuk, Liudmyla. "Digital Television in Ukraine: Current State and Prospects of Development." Current Issues of Mass Communication, no. 19 (2016): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2312-5160.2016.19.39-48.

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The main objective of the study was to analyse the particularities of transition from terrestrial to digital format of the television in Ukraine. This objective was accomplished with the help of the following research methods: the method of analysis was applied to select the subjects of digitalization and to determine their role in the overall process; historical method was used to reconstruct the chronological order of events in transition to the digital television in Ukraine and in the world; the method of analogy was applied to determine the prospects of digital broadcasting development in Ukraine. Results and Conclusions. The process of transition from analogue to digital format of television in Ukraine has been lasting for 10 years. This is due to some problems at the state level (the conflict in competences of the responsible state agencies, the lack of a single decision-making centre, the lack of influence on the monopoly provider), at the TV content market (the unfounded costs of territory coverage with analogue signal, the lack of digital broadcasting licenses for many regional and local channels), and at the service provider’s level (the monopoly position of the existing provider, the absence of grounded calculation for territory coverage by the current national network). This set of problems leads to ambiguity in digital television perception within the domestic market, and costs Ukraine in its international public image due to failure to fulfil the Geneva 2006 agreement. The new relationships and patterns in transition from terrestrial to digital format of the television broadcasting in Ukraine were discovered in this study. It is grounded that the coordinated and efficient work of responsible state agencies is needed to solve the existing problems and to implement transition to digital broadcasting in Ukraine. The construction of alternative digital networks and the licensing of new digital networks providers are also needed, as well as the state assistance in providing digital TV devices to vulnerable groups of population and proper information campaign of the need to transit to digital TV.
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31

Inohara, Akira. "Special Edition Digitalization for TV Broadcasting Station. Digital Standalone Equipment and Its Operation. Trends of Video Effect Equipments in the Sub Control Room." Journal of the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan 48, no. 6 (1994): 659–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej1978.48.659.

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32

Rivera Otero, José Manuel, Nieves Lagares Díez, María Pereira López, and Paulo Carlos López-López. "Transparency Policies in European Public Broadcasters: Sustainability, Digitalisation and Fact-Checking." Social Sciences 10, no. 6 (2021): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10060217.

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Over the last few years, European public broadcasters have promoted the concept of public service media as one of their main values. To this end, transparency policies have been implemented as a mechanism of corporate projection by strengthening their role as an essential service. The objective of this article is to ascertain the existence of this type of policies among European public broadcasters. To this end, a nominal group was made with 24 experts who were surveyed, thus generating new indicators of transparency and accountability strategies around sustainability and digitalization. The contents of the websites of RTVE (Spain), RTP (Portugal), France TV (France), RAI (Italy), BBC (UK), RTÉ (Ireland), ZDF (Germany), VRT (Belgium), and SVT (Sweden) were also analyzed, paying attention to such indicators and strategies. The main results include the identification of differences on the basis of the ideal models described by Hallin and Mancini; a commitment to credibility (fact-checking) to the detriment of diversity of opinions; and a connection between the political system and the media system, which, preliminarily, determines the level of transparency of these public entities.
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Chygryn, Olena Yu, Oleksandra I. Karintseva, Diana D. Kozlova, and Anastasiya V. Kovaleva. "HR Management in the Digital Age: the Main Trends Assessment and Stakeholders." Mechanism of an Economic Regulation, no. 2 (2019): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mer.2019.84.09.

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The company’s sustainable development depends from a lot of determinants. The article deal with the theoretical and practical aspects of human resource management on modern enterprises in the field of TV and communication services. The authors noted that for more than a century of human resource management, both theoretical and practical disciplines have evolved in various fields. In this connection the theoretical foundations for the development and preservation of human resource management were investigated. The authors analysed the worlds modern transformations of the workforce, that gives background for the future investigating and creates the preconditions for improving human resource management system on domestic enterprises. The authors emphasizes that the main objective of evolution and development of labour resource management is the efficiency of labour utilization, the search for the potential of employees, the application of techniques and practices to motivate and support staff. Changing the organizational environment in the market has to push managers to increase the effectiveness of the production process, create modern competitive advantages and consider the profitability of human resources. Investigating the features of functioning TV and communication companies has given the opportunity to provide recommendation for improving human resource management system. That would improve production, reduces costs, and at the same time ensures the stable existence and further development of the organization. The provided comparison of human resource management of PJSC “Ukrtelecom” and Vodafone Group PLC concludes that for a quick response to a modern problem, it is necessary to focus on the experience of a foreign company, to introduce modern instruments for the further operation of the enterprise. Key words: HR management, motivation, potential, efficiency, digitalization.
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Zhanguzhinova, Meruyert, Sangul Karzhaubaeva, Kabyl Khalykov, Orynbasar Zhanbirshiev, and Timur Koesov. "THE METHODICAL ASPECTS OF DISTANCE LEARNING FOR ART’S EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMMES." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 4 (May 28, 2021): 735–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2021vol4.6246.

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The article discusses the problem of methodical aspects integration in distance learning for Art’s educational programmes in Higher Educational Institutions (HEI). The relevance of research reflects the quarantine measures for the non-proliferation of coronavirus infection Covid19 in Art's universities of Kazakhstan in current state of distance learning. The novelty of the research is the implementation of educational policy according to the Kazakhstani state program within the conditions of distance learning. The aim of research is to reveal the methodological aspects for training Art students within distance learning in accordance with the topical problems in education, based on the new technologies and methods of digitalization. Primary methods of research are based on Case studies, which include theoretical review of the practical application of the MOODLE platform into distance learning. The result of the research is disclosure of the experience of the Art’s teachers in conducting the study process within the framework of distance learning technologies (DLT). The research illustrates the example of study process of the Department of Scenography of T. K. Zhurgenov Kazakh National Academy of Arts based on the bachelor educational programs: Stage decoration, Multimedia scenography, Film and TV director, Stage costume, Theatrical makeup.
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Medina-Laverón, Mercedes, and Teresa Ojer-Goñi. "The Transformation of Public TV Companies into Digital Services at the BBC and RTVE." Comunicar 18, no. 36 (2011): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c36-2011-02-09.

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Some authors question the existence of public television companies in the new environment of digitalization, Internet proliferation, growing competition and audience segmentation. However, others believe they should act as a driving force in the process of convergence and even that the new media present an opportunity to redefine the public broadcasting service (PBS) remit. The current challenge for the public media companies is to deliver their content through the maximum number of devices, not only via television sets but also broadband and mobile devices. Over the years, the BBC has adapted to new market situations and has implemented solutions that have been adopted by other public and private broadcasters around the world. The objective of this article is to show how the BBC has taken up the leadership of transforming public TV companies into online services in order to maintain market share; and how it has influenced Spain’s public TV broadcaster, RTVE. The methodology is based on internal and external documents of both corporations, and the findings are complemented by interviews with online service managers at RTVE. We conclude that these public companies have adapted their activities to the new technologies and have developed interactive services to reinforce their public service mission.Algunas voces cuestionan la permanencia de las televisiones públicas en el nuevo entorno digital, caracterizado por una mayor presencia de Internet, más competidores y la fragmentación de la audiencia. Sin embargo, hay otros que creen que deberían actuar como una fuerza motriz en el proceso de convergencia e incluso que los nuevos medios representan una posibilidad de redefinir la misión de las televisiones públicas. El reto actual de las corporaciones públicas es proporcionar los contenidos a través del mayor número de soportes posibles, no solo a través de la televisión, sino también a través de Internet y dispositivos móviles. Un rasgo de la BBC es haberse adaptado siempre a los cambios del mercado y muchas de sus soluciones han sido transferidas a otras empresas de comunicación tanto públicas como privadas de todo el mundo. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar cómo la BBC es uno de los modelos en los que las empresas televisivas se han fijado para transformar sus servicios digitales a fin de mantener su existencia en el mercado, y conocer cuál ha sido su influencia en la televisión pública española RTVE. La metodología empleada radica en el análisis de los documentos internos y externos de las compañías y entrevistas realizadas a los responsables de los servicios digitales de RTVE. Las conclusiones apuntan a destacar que estas compañías han adaptado sus actividades a las nuevas tecnologías y han desarrollado servicios interactivos como refuerzo de su misión de servicio público.
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Ahmeti, MBA Besfort. "Digital Marketing Insights and Opportunities in Kosovo." ILIRIA International Review 5, no. 2 (2015): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21113/iir.v5i2.80.

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In recent decades, we have witnessed an ever increasing concentration of companies towards the consumer. This has come as a result of various factors, of which an important one has been the digital revolution, which has empowered consumers by giving them access to information and access to one another on a global scale. In an attempt by companies to adapt to this customer empowerment in order to achieve a greater profitability by better serving customers, digital marketing was born. Digital marketing includes various methods of achieving marketing goals by using digital tools, including: search marketing, social media marketing, email marketing, mobile marketing, content marketing, etc. While digital marketing has proven to be very successful in developed countries around the world, in Kosovo it does not have a significant presence. Either way, the development opportunities of this field in Kosovo are plenty. In Kosovo, the percentage of internet users is quite large. This means that there is an almost unexploited market online. The main reasons why digital marketing can succeed in Kosovo are: low cost compared to traditional marketing (TV, radio, billboard, etc.), a positive attitude of businesses towards digitalization, a large number of potential customers, and an emphasized need for professionals in this field.
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Andrea Villarrubia-Martínez, AVILLARRUBIA, Águeda Águeda Delgado-Ponce, and Ignacio Aguaded-Gómez. "Contenidos infantiles convergentes, identidad latinoamericana y los desafíos de las televisiones públicas." Media Education 12, no. 1 (2021): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/me-10270.

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Before the pandemic crisis, the irruption of the convergent scenario and the television digitalization forced the Latin American public television to develop strategies that consider new forms of audiovisual consumption and to make the resources profitable, such as the development of digital platforms and co-production with independent creators. Pakapaka, TVN and Señal Colombia coproduced children television programs with Chilean filmmakers that achieved a high audience and received acknowledgements at audiovisual festivals for their quality, their contribution to the local identity and Latin American own nature. Based on a content analysis carried out on tv shows aimed to children, present in both Chilean public digital platforms: CNTV Infantil (former Novasur) and TVN Kids, this study describes the collaborative model from the media literacy perspective, with emphasis on the diversity of children’s programs, considering their origins, acquisition, financing, and characteristics of the protagonist’s characters. The results indicate that the contents are varied and that the presence of female protagonists, native peoples and migrants, although incipient, constitutes a contribution to the identity of the continent’s childhoods. In conclusion, it is essential that public service television can count on permanent funding that promotes the realization of relevant content for children, in accordance with their public service mission, especially in today pandemic crisis and confinement.
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Rozanova, N. "Network Competition as Determinant of Contemporary Markets’ Configuration." World Economy and International Relations 60, no. 4 (2016): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2016-60-4-13-20.

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The latest phenomena in the area of industrial economics have turned out to be beyond the traditional models of industrial organization theory. This theory deals with the four basic market structures, namely that of free competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly and monopoly, with a common evolutionary pattern from competition to monopoly. However, contemporary technological competition has engendered a brand-new type of market structure. Some key features of it are outlined in the article with the stress on contemporary trends in network market development that have arisen under the influence of digitalization. The traditional approach to network market is through escalation effect, when network spillovers exist either in technology or in demand, and companies or IT platforms should gain a benchmark mass of clients, as fast as possible, in order to have the whole market. All other consumers have tendency to buy the leader’s product; thus, the market becomes a natural monopoly of the leader (at least, natural oligopoly). With the advancement in ICT technology, especially with digitalization, a new configuration of network market structure is being developed. Niche players are gaining their positions. It is arisen a multiple offer of ICT products. Market is becoming more and more fragmented. Network products evolve from substitutes into complements. The market drives from natural monopoly (oligopoly) into a very competitive structure. The author examines the mechanisms and results of network market transformation in contemporary digital era. Unlike the previous period when network services were provided separately, the newest tendencies, starting from TV, demonstrate that the frontiers among network markets become blurred, the separation between markets and particular ICT products vanishes/ So far, the formerly independent network markets are being transformed into shapeless segments of a single and indivisible multimedia area. In this integrated area any ICT provider obtains an opportunity to successfully compete with any other. The differences between various electronic devices, between ICT, broadcasting and address services, and even non-ICT products disappear. Network market evolves from a very concentrated and monopolized structure into a fragmented competitive industry with tough price competition. This brand new structure could be titled as concentric (ring) market, or a center-periphery model. The relationships within it mean unknown possibilities and challenges both for market participants and governments.
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Parsadanova, Tatyana. "POST-PANDEMIC MEDIA SPACE." Scientific and analytical journal Burganov House. The space of culture 16, no. 4 (2020): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36340/2071-6818-2020-16-4-146-154.

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It is no secret that COVID 19 and its consequences have affected almost all aspects of our life. We have become focused on life at home, the approach to work has changed, and the definition of remote work has taken root in our vocabulary. Despite all the negative aspects, the pandemic has accelerated the development of key technological trends, such as distance learning, telemedicine, remote work, online shopping, contactless payments, 3D printing, which leveled out supply disruptions, robotics, a new generation of 5G mobile communications with its capabilities, and of course, the online entertainment industry. Our consumer preferences have changed during this year; however, the need for entertainment has only increased. Many believe that nowadays, the Internet and television era is a thing of the past; nevertheless, statistics do not confirm this. In the third quarter of this year alone, global TV sales have increased by 12.9% over the same period in 2019, which is 38% more than in the previous quarter. Television viewing has increased, and television program views have skyrocketed. Streaming content has become even more popular; streaming services allow one to watch absolutely everything - movies, TV series, news at any time and from any device. All these processes are connected with the fact that, during the quarantine, cinemas were closed, the attendance of which has already decreased in recent years. They opened with restrictions on viewers’ seating; the premieres were postponed for a year, even two - until the spring of 2021 and 2022. This year, the world of the media and entertainment industry has become: remote, virtual, streaming and personalized. The driver is the consumer, so market players pay great attention to innovation, focusing on personalization. At the forefront of new technologies is the Disney company, which presents its films both in theatrical screenings and on its online platform. Television is also not left behind; on November 3, VGTRK launched its "Smotrim" media platform. The audience’s consumption habits have already changed, interest in media is increasing and moving towards digitalization. The pandemic has accelerated the process. How this is happening and what awaits the industry is covered in this article.
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40

Chistyakov, Denis I. "Unilateral Exposure to Mass Media: Non-Communicative Person." RUDN Journal of Philosophy 24, no. 3 (2020): 467–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2302-2020-24-3-467-479.

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The article discusses the forms and ways of the impact of modern digital media on people, groups, and society as a whole. The unilateral communication effect on a person is emphasized. The accent is made on the transmission model of information dissemination, taking into account the formation of its ritualized form. The author pays his particular attention to the status and role of an individual in interaction with mass media; provides arguments about the exclusion of a person from the communication dimension. The activity of modern digital media structures is substantiated as social constructors of reality. The researcher shows the technological and visual possibilities of mass media in the creation of artificial, illusory simulated models of the world perceived by a person as objective, authentic, and real. Mass media are presented as an integral social institution of modern society, operating autonomously, based on its own rules and norms, technological and content principles, conditions of network communication, digitalization, and mediatization of society. The article presents the concepts of theoretical comprehension of mass media as a self-sufficient autopoietic system of N. Luhmann, and consideration of media communication implementation as a non-communication of J. Baudrillard. The author stresses the role of spectacle and visuality in the process of TV influence on the subjects, in the construction of images and models of the world, comparable with the already available information consumers pictures of the world. The contradictory and ambiguous conceptual assessments of the activity and influence of mass media on the modern man are emphasized.
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41

Soboliev, V. M., and I. O. I. O. "The Trends of Employment in the Digital Economy." Business Inform 10, no. 513 (2020): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-10-143-148.

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The article examines the impact of digitalization on the labor market. The transition to the digital economy is a natural process and requires modernization of employment. Therefore, digital employment is formed, which is implemented through online platforms. The new forms of employment are evolving, due to innovative processes and transformation of the economy as a whole. The non-standard employment gains wide spread in such forms as: freelancing; tv work; borrowed employment (personnel leasing, outsourcing, outstaffing). The positive and negative consequences of such a transition for the labor market are reflected in the presented publication. The experience of mass implementation of the remote format of work during the isolation regime caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is also considered. The economy’s focus on digital development leads to the reduction and further disappearance of some specialties, accompanied by the emergence of new ones. Already, internet banking, e-government, automatic accounting programs, etc. are becoming widespread. Rapid response to technological challenges can eliminate some of the negative consequences of these changes through training and retraining of employees. Automation and robotics of production processes will undoubtedly lead to an increase in unemployment, so now it is important to develop an effective employment policy. However, professions such as engineers, actors, teachers, managers, social workers are still impossible to replace with robots. Therefore, such activities require a high level of human capital, which becomes the most important resource of economic growth. Countries should be prepared to solve problems inherent in the digital economy. Stimulating investment in information and communication technologies (ICT) and additional innovations will contribute to the growth of productivity and employment.
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42

Vinnik, Alina Evgenievna. "Outdoor advertising market in conditions of pandemic." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics 2021, no. 2 (2021): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2021-2-98-107.

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The article presents the results of studying the global and Russian advertising market dynamics, in particular, the outdoor advertising market in a pandemic. The crisis triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic has affected almost all advertising markets. The most stable markets were considered in the USA and China. The media segments of the advertising market in Russia in the period of 2010 - 2020 have been analyzed; advertising on the Internet is recognized as a leading segment, in second and third places are television advertising and UN advertising, respectively. Global ad spend across all media is 4.2% lower in 2020. Outdoor, TV, radio and print advertising revenues amounted to $ 233 billion. The outdoor advertising market was among the first to be negatively affected by the pandemic: the decrease in car and pedestrian traffic led to changes in marketing budgets, a less number of advertisers and high cost of outdoor advertising. Starting from the second half of 2020, the market began to recover, which in the near future will entail an increase in brand spending on outdoor advertising. The relevance of programmatic sales in modern conditions has been proved. The costs of programmatic purchases of digital inventory in outdoor advertising in the USA are illustrated, the slow introduction of programmatic purchases in the UN-company of Russia is noted. The results of a neuromarketing study conducted in 2020 among residents of Belgorod, confirming the problem of low visibility of outdoor advertising, are presented. The main directions of further development of the outdoor advertising market are outlined: short-term planning, reduction of terms and volumes of advertising placement; digitalization of inventory; consolidation of outdoor advertising operators; development of programmatic sales in the regions, etc.
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43

Kurmanova, Danara B., and Mohsen Zarifian. "Georgian media consumption trends." RUDN Journal of Studies in Literature and Journalism 25, no. 4 (2020): 797–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-9220-2020-25-4-797-807.

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Article analyzes the media market of Georgia, particularly, the main preferences of the audience in the field of traditional and new media. The review is relevant, since the National Statistics Agency of Georgia has not yet conducted extensive research in the field of media. There are some separated reports and ratings, however, they are conducted by international funds. Thus, they do not study the media market in Georgia systematically, so these reports are partial and inferior. Purpose of the study was to identify the main changes in the field of media consumption in Georgia in the following categories: print, television, radio and new media. The transformation of the media environment served as the main hypothesis of the study. The coronavirus pandemic has accelerated the digitalization of Georgian media, exacerbating the crisis in the print sector and making Internet sites more attractive for large holdings and independent authors in the face of an economic downturn in the media market and optimization. To identify the data, the methods of content analysis, observation and sociological survey were used. Particular attention is paid to the trends that have emerged in the media market in Georgia since the beginning of the pandemic - the main dynamic changes in the Georgian segment of Facebook, the development of the cartoon genre and the preferences of users of social networks. The study covered a number of factors affecting media consumption in Georgia: the age of information consumers, their geographic and social position, national mentality, and the level of religiosity. The results of the study demonstrate a high degree of mediatization of religion in Georgia, manifested in the fact that the church has become an opinion leader, determining the point of view of the majority regarding the topic of the coronavirus pandemic. According to the results of the conducted survey, the population of Georgia began to watch TV and radio more often. The level of interest in social networks has also increased - in particular, in blogs, both in Georgian and in Russian.
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44

Khatun, MT, B. Nessa, MU Salam, and MS Kabir. "Strategy for Rice Disease Management in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Rice Journal 25, no. 1 (2021): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brj.v25i1.55177.

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Disease is one of the most limiting biotic factors that affects rice production worldwide. In Bangladesh, there are 10 rice diseases considered as major, which cause economic loss in farmers’ fields. Therefore, the aim of this article is to explore all the feasible avenues of technology deployment on rice disease management to restrict the disease infection at minimum level and thus minimize economic loss. The article is generated using data and/or infromation from published and unpublished works and incorporating authors’ experience. It is evident that periodically (odd year) a disease outbreak or epidemic occurred in Bangladesh such as blast. Under epidemic situation, research findings estimated a yield loss of up to 98% at the highest disease severity level of infection of blast. On the other hand, field survey indicated the highest of 65.4% yield loss from severly infected field with the disease. To overcome the epidemics in odd years and to keep the loss under economic threshold level, it is necessary to undertake preventive measures such as planting of resistant or tolerant varieties, use of disease-free seeds from healthy plants, use of balanced fertilizer where applicable, and following feasible crop rotations. Currently, it is urgent need for developing strong and precise weather-based disease-risk forecasting system at least one week’s lead time based on real-time weather data. Subsequent quick management options such as disease-specific fungicidal treatment should be communicated to all stakeholders using fast-delivery media such as TV channels and SMS could be efficient and effective ways to address the disease outbreak under epidemic situation. To address annualized yield loss, it is suggested to execute interventions like effective training to the root level (both for farmers and extension personnel) and conducting demonstration in farmers fields, regular field monitoring, digitalization in disease management sector, revive indigenous technologies as appropriate, and improving rice production system. To continously improve rice disease management sector, this paper has proposed an innovative action for three decades through to 2050 under the banner ‘Location, Variety and Disease Specific Smart Management’ on research, development and extension. Bangladesh Rice J. 25 (1) : 23-36, 2021
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45

Song, Yongling. "Female’s Gaze in Idol Drama: A Case Study of My Sunshine." Asian Journal of Humanities and Social Studies 5, no. 2 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.24203/ajhss.v5i2.4586.

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Croton Media (å…‹é¡¿ä¼ åª’) is a Chinese TV production company noted for its content strategy developed from research studies on digitalization. My Sunshine (何以笙萧默), one of Croton Media’s notable TV series, won a very high rating on terrestrial TV in 2015. It got hundreds of millions views on the first day of its launch on the Internet, breaking the record. Soon after its launch, the web search query for Wallace Chung (钟汉良), one of the leading actors, rose up to the top, beating the most popular Korean stars at that time. In May, a Korean TV station, MBC, acquired the programming rights, adding Korean subtitles, and aired this series, which set a record of being the first Chinese TV series acquired and aired by Korean terrestrial TV stations.Â
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46

Niyazgulova, A. A., and N. A. Ibragimov. "Sport TV Broadcasting of Kazakhstan During the Period of Digitalization of Media." Al-Farabi kazakh national university 57, no. 3 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.26577/hj.2020.v57.i3.06.

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47

"Digitalization and its Effect on Improving Sixth Grade Student’s English Language Listening Comprehension Skill in Mafraq Educational Directorate." مجلة الجامعة الإسلامية للدراسات التربوية والنفسية 29, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.33976/iugjeps.29.1/2021/24.

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The aim of this study was to determine the effect of digitalization on improving comprehension English language listening comprehension skill of sixth grade students. The researcher used the descriptive method. A chick list based on experts' notes and their English language teacher observations in the target school in Mafraq / Qasabah, Jordan, during the first semester 2019-2020. Listening lessons were conducted using digital utilities such as the Internet, computers, audiotapes, videotapes, interactive TV, and compact disks and activities were designed depending on the curricula while putting the lesson plan into action in the classroom. Data from the teacher's observation was analyzed, the results showed positive progress in students' English language listening comprehension skill after using digitalization in teaching listening skill, and a difference was found between the traditional method of teaching listening and to use digitalization in teaching listening skill for the favor for the last method. Based on the results of the study, the researcher recommends using digital utilities in English language listening comprehension tasks to improve students' English language listening skill.
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48

"Digitalization and its Effect on Improving Sixth Grade Student’s English Language Listening Comprehension Skill in Mafraq Educational Directorate." مجلة الجامعة الإسلامية للدراسات التربوية والنفسية 29, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.33976/iugjeps.29.1/2021/24.

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The aim of this study was to determine the effect of digitalization on improving comprehension English language listening comprehension skill of sixth grade students. The researcher used the descriptive method. A chick list based on experts' notes and their English language teacher observations in the target school in Mafraq / Qasabah, Jordan, during the first semester 2019-2020. Listening lessons were conducted using digital utilities such as the Internet, computers, audiotapes, videotapes, interactive TV, and compact disks and activities were designed depending on the curricula while putting the lesson plan into action in the classroom. Data from the teacher's observation was analyzed, the results showed positive progress in students' English language listening comprehension skill after using digitalization in teaching listening skill, and a difference was found between the traditional method of teaching listening and to use digitalization in teaching listening skill for the favor for the last method. Based on the results of the study, the researcher recommends using digital utilities in English language listening comprehension tasks to improve students' English language listening skill.
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49

Maulina, Putri. "MEDIA DALAM TANTANGAN INDUSTRI 4.0: ANALISIS PENERAPAN SISTEM DIGITALISASI PADA PERUSAHAAN MEDIA TEMPO." SOURCE : Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi 5, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.35308/source.v5i1.1113.

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The development of communication and information technology globally has also influenced the management system of print media companies in Indonesia. The print media platform is currently challenged to be able to improve to be able to maintain its existence amidst technological advancements. Tempo is one of the large print media platforms that until now is still popular with Indonesian audiences and is able to survive. This study aims to examine how Tempo implemented a digitalization system in the process of production and media management. The results of the study describe the Tempo digitalisation process emphasized on several sides: (1) optimizing the media convergence system, by integrating media management systems on print media, internet, e-paper and Tempo TV platforms; and (2) differences in content management on print and online media platforms. The digitalization of the Tempo company as a whole has an impact on the management of media companies, both in terms of human resources and media content produced.
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50

Zabaleta, Iñaki, and Nikolas Xamardo. "Economy and funding of European minority language media: Reality and impact of digitalization and economic crisis." Journalism, October 17, 2020, 146488492095403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884920954039.

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This article investigates the economy of monolingual media systems in nine European minority language communities during 2009–2015, a period of strong economic crisis and accelerated digitalization. The main areas of study are three: The economic volume or weight of those media systems and its variation between 2009 and 2015; the current funding structure of the four media types (press, radio, TV and cybermedia); and the qualitative evaluation of media editors and managers on the effect of those two crises as well as the significance of the public aid. The nine European minority languages are Basque, Welsh, Galician, Irish, Breton, Frisian, Sámi, Corsican and Scottish-Gaelic. As for the findings, it can be highlighted that the economic volume or revenue of European minority language media is close to five hundred million euros per year, of which over ninety per cent is public funding, mostly devoted to broadcasting media. The conclusion set forth is that public funding should not be framed as aid but as a social, cultural and economic investment.
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