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1

&NA;. "Dihydroergocristine." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 539 (1995): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199505390-00017.

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2

&NA;. "Dihydroergocristine/dihydroergotamine mesylate/nicergoline." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 612 (1996): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199606120-00020.

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3

Zvonkova, E. N., V. I. Sheichenko, G. B. Lapa, T. E. Monakhova, V. V. Anufrieva, and V. A. Bykov. "Solubility of dihydroergocristine mesylate." Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 32, no. 10 (1998): 567–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02465750.

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4

Beran, Miloš, Antonín Černý, Miroslav Kuchař, et al. "9,10-Dihydroergopeptines modified in position 6." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 55, no. 3 (1990): 819–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19900819.

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9,10-Dihydroergopeptines modified in position 6 (VII-XXIII) were prepared from 9,10-dihydroergotamine (I) and 9,10-dihydroergocristine (II) which were converted via corresponding 6-demethyl-6-cyano compounds III and IV to 6-demethyl-9,10-dihydroergotamine (V) or 6-demethyl-9,10-dihydroergocristine (VI), respectively, which were then alkylated or acylated in position 6. Methylation of 6-demethyl-6-propyl compounds VIII and IX on N1 gave 1-methyl-6-demethyl-6-propyl-9,10-dihydroergotamine (XXIV) and 1-methyl-6-demethyl-6-propyl-9,10-dihydroergocristine (XXV). In the majority of the compounds the
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5

Bicalho, Beatriz, Giovanni Guzzo, Sergio Lilla, et al. "Pharmacokinetics of Dihydroergocristine and Its Major Metabolite 8- Hydroxy-Dihydroergocristine in Human Plasma." Current Drug Metabolism 6, no. 6 (2005): 519–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920005774832669.

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6

Pagliano, F. M., and G. C. Galbiati. "Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Daily Dosages of 6 mg and 20 mg Dihydroergocristine in the Treatment of Chronic Cerebro-Vascular Disease." Journal of International Medical Research 23, no. 4 (1995): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030006059502300401.

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The efficacy and safety of two different regimens of dihydroergocristine, in the treatment of patients with chronic cerebro-vascular disease, were compared in this double-blind study. Forty out-patients, 11 males and 29 females, aged 55 – 80 years were randomly assigned to treatment with 6 or 20 mg dihydroergocristine, daily, for 3 months. The Sandoz Clinical Assessment for Geriatrics (SCAG) scale was used to assess the efficacy of treatment. Both doses induced a statistically significant improvement ( P < 0.01) in total SCAG scores after both 45 and 90 days of treatment. The higher dose pr
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7

Scarduelli, C., V. Cavioni, C. Galparoli, D. Spellecchia, P. G. Crosignani, and C. Ferrari. "Clinical use of an antiprolactinaemic drug: dihydroergocristine." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 7, no. 3 (1987): 225–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01443618709068524.

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8

D'Agata, Velia, Francesco Spadaro, and Filippo Drago. "Dihydroergocristine improves behavioral deficits of aged rats." Pharmacological Research Communications 20, no. 12 (1988): 1119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-6989(88)80755-0.

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9

Čejka, Jan, Bohumil Kratochvíl, Alexandr Jegorov та Ladislav Cvak. "Crystal Structures of Dihydro-α-ergokryptine and Dihydro-β-ergokryptine Mesylates". Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 65, № 8 (2000): 1329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20001329.

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The absolute crystal structures of two related ergot alkaloids dihydro-α-ergokryptine mesylate (1) monohydrate ethanol solvate and dihydro-β-ergokryptine mesylate (2) monohydrate methanol solvate have been determined by X-ray diffraction and compared with the published structures of dihydroergocristine mesylate (3) monohydrate and dihydroergotamine mesylate (4) monohydrate.
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10

Mönch, B., W. Kraus, R. Köppen, and F. Emmerling. "The different conformations and crystal structures of dihydroergocristine." Journal of Molecular Structure 1105 (February 2016): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.10.008.

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11

MAILLAND, F. "ChemInform Abstract: Dihydroergocristine (I) - Recent Research and Development." ChemInform 24, no. 16 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199316295.

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12

Drago, Filippo, Carmela Valerio, biagio Scalisi, Velia D'Agata, and Umberto Scapagnini. "Dihydroergocristine and memory alterations of aged male rats." Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 30, no. 4 (1988): 961–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(88)90127-x.

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13

de Aloysio, D., F. Pamparana, A. Zanotti, A. G. Fabiani, and F. Bottiglioni. "Dihydroergocristine in stopping lactation: Double-blind study vs bromocriptine." Gynecological Endocrinology 2, no. 1 (1988): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09513598809029341.

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14

COPPI, G. "ChemInform Abstract: Dihydroergocristine - Review of the Pharmacology and Toxicology." ChemInform 24, no. 16 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199316296.

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15

Petříčková, Hana, Jan Čejka, Michal Hušák, et al. "Structure Types of Dihydroergotoxine Mesylates." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 67, no. 4 (2002): 490–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20020490.

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Three new crystal structures of dihydroergopeptines: dihydro-α-ergokryptine mesylate monohydrate acetone solvate (1), dihydro-α-ergokryptine mesylate monohydrate nitromethane solvate (2), and dihydroergocornine mesylate monohydrate methanol solvate (3) have been determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. These structures were compared with published structures of dihydro-α-ergokryptine mesylate monohydrate ethanol solvate (4), dihydro-β-ergokryptine mesylate monohydrate methanol solvate (5), and dihydroergocristine mesylate monohydrate (6).
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16

Lee, Hyung Gon, Ji A. Song, Dong Soo Han, Kyeong Wan Woo, and Myung Ha Yoon. "Antiallodynic Effects of Intrathecal Areca Nut for Spinal Nerve-Ligated and Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Pain in Rats." Pharmacology 102, no. 5-6 (2018): 332–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000492394.

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This study examined the effects of intrathecal areca nut on spinal nerve-ligated and chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain (NP), and investigated the relevance of spinal 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and α2-adrenergic receptors to those effects. For drug administration, intrathecal catheters were inserted into the subarachnoid space of male Sprague-Dawley rats. NP was induced either by spinal nerve ligation (left spinal nerves L5 and L6) or by chemotherapeutic injection (intraperitoneal cisplatin, 2 mg/kg/day, once daily for 4 days). Paw withdrawal thresholds (PWT) were mechanically assessed usin
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17

Čejka, Jan, Jan Ondráček, Michal Hušák, Bohumil Kratochvíl, Alexandr Jegorov, and Josef Stuchlík. "Absolute Crystal Structure Determination of Ergot Alkaloid - Dihydroergocristine Methanesulfonate Monohydrate." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 60, no. 8 (1995): 1333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19951333.

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Dihydroergocristine methanesulfonate monohydrate crystallizes in orthorhorhombic space group P21212 (No. 18) with Z = 4, a = 12.736(2) Å, b = 39.089(5) Å, c = 7.130(1) Å, V = 3549.6(9) Å3. The indole moiety is nearly planar, both the ergoline ring C and the tripeptide ring F addopt an envelope E6 conformation. The ergoline ring D and the tripeptide ring E have a chair 1C4 conformation. The conformation of the ring G is between E1 and 5T1. The benzene ring H is planar. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined anisotropically to the final R value of 0.078 for 4219 statistically sig
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18

Cejka, J., B. Kratochvil, A. Jegorov, and L. Cvak. "Crystal structure of dihydroergocristine bis(dioxane) solvate, (C35H41N5O5)(C4H8O2)2." Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures 212, no. 1 (1997): 111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/ncrs.1997.212.1.111.

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19

Guerzoni, A., and S. Santambrogio. "Efficacy of Dihydroergocristine 20mg Once Daily in Patients with Organic Brain Psychosyndrome." Clinical Drug Investigation 10, no. 1 (1995): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00044011-199510010-00001.

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20

&NA;. "Dihydroergocristine improves antihypertensive effect and well-being when added to reserpine + clopamide." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 780 (1991): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199107800-00027.

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21

Campieri, C., C. Orsi, P. De Giovanni, et al. "Dihydroergocristine-lnduced Retroperitoneal Fibrosis with an Episode of Reversible Obstructive Acute Renal Failure." Nephron 69, no. 2 (1995): 184–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000188445.

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22

Rainer, M., Hermann A. M. Mucke, Karin Chwatal, and Liselotte Havelec. "Alcohol-induced organic cerebral psychosyndromes: partial reversal of cognitive impairments assisted by dihydroergocristine." Psychopharmacology 127, no. 4 (1996): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050099.

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23

Rainer, Michael, Hermann A. M. Mucke, Karin Chwatal, and Liselotte Havelec. "Alcohol-induced organic cerebral psychosyndromes: partial reversal of cognitive impairments assisted by dihydroergocristine." Psychopharmacology 127, no. 1-2 (1996): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02806016.

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24

Douša, Michal, and Michaela Dubovská. "High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Dihydroergocristine in a Pharmaceutical Formulation with Fluorescence Detection." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 93, no. 1 (2010): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/93.1.97.

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Abstract A rapid procedure based on a direct extraction and HPLC determination of dihydroergocristine in a pharmaceutical preparation with fluorescence detection has been developed and validated. The optimized chromatographic conditions included a Purospher RP18e column, 5 µm particle size, 250 4.0 mm, and 25 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 2.8)acetonitrile (60 + 40, v/v) mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The separation was carried out at 50C, and the injection volume was 5 L. Fluorescence detection was performed at an excitation and emission wavelength of 224 and 344 nm, r
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25

MORET, C., and M. BRILEY. "Dihydroergocristine-induced stimulation of the 5-HT autoreceptor in the hypothalamus of the rat." Neuropharmacology 25, no. 2 (1986): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0028-3908(86)90038-9.

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26

Müller-Schweinitzer, Else. "Venoconstrictor responses to dihydroergocristine and dihydroergotamine: Evidence for the involvement of 5-HT1 like receptors." Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy 4, no. 6 (1990): 1455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02026491.

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27

BAI, LIJUAN, XIN LI, XIAOWEI MA, RUI ZHAO, and DAQING WU. "In Vitro Effect and Mechanism of Action of Ergot Alkaloid Dihydroergocristine in Chemoresistant Prostate Cancer Cells." Anticancer Research 40, no. 11 (2020): 6051–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.14626.

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28

Melena, J., J. Santafé, and J. Segarra. "The effect of topical dihydroergocristine on the intraocular pressure in alpha-chymotrypsin-induced ocular hypertensive rabbits." Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology 20, no. 10 (1998): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1358/mf.1998.20.10.487542.

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29

Chopin, Philippe, and Mike Briley. "The effects of raubasine and dihydroergocristine on an age-related deficit in passive avoidance learning in rats." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 42, no. 5 (1990): 375–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1990.tb05435.x.

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30

Keller, Julia, Hajo Haase, and Matthias Koch. "Electrochemical simulation of biotransformation reactions of citrinin and dihydroergocristine compared to UV irradiation and Fenton-like reaction." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 409, no. 16 (2017): 4037–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-017-0350-6.

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31

Fioravanti, Mario, and Franco Di Cesare. "Memory Improvements and Pharmacological Treatment: A Method to Distinguish Direct Effects on Memory from Secondary Effects Due to Attention Improvement." International Psychogeriatrics 4, no. 1 (1992): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610292000942.

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Chronic cerevrovascular disturbances of the aged are characterized by a decline of attention. When these patients undergo pharmacological treatment, it is very difficult to distinguish between a direct benefit and/or a secondary effect on memory resulting from attention improvement. In our study we have proposed and evaluated a new method for identifying the different components of therapeutic efficacy on memory and attention in chronic cerebrovascular patients. This method is based on the use of the Randt Memory Test, traditional scores of memory efficiency (Acquisition, Recall, and a combine
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32

Franciosi, Attilio, and Guido Zavattini. "Dihydroergocristine in the treatment of elderly patients with cognitive deterioration: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response study." Current Therapeutic Research 55, no. 11 (1994): 1391–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-393x(05)80324-8.

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33

Fioravanti, Mario, Ann E. Buckley, and Alessandro Agnoli. "A multidimensional approach to the assessment of clinical validity in a study on CCVD treatment: dihydroergocristine versus placebo." Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 6, no. 1 (1987): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-4943(87)90041-0.

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34

Fiore, Lucia, Umberto Scapagnini, and Pier Luigi Canonico. "Effect of Dihydroergocryptine and Dihydroergocristine on Cyclic AMP Accumulation and Prolactin Release in vitro: Evidence for a Dopaminomimetic Action." Hormone Research 25, no. 3 (1987): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000180649.

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35

Tsolaki, M., and A. Kazis. "P-8-15 Nimodipine vs dihydroergocristine in the treatment of old age dementias. Blind, randomized, cross-over, placebo-controlled study." European Neuropsychopharmacology 5, no. 3 (1995): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-977x(95)90695-a.

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36

Navarro-Badenes, Joaquin, Inocencia Martínez-Mir, Vicente Palop, Elena Rubio, and Francisco J. Morales-Olivas. "Weight Gain Associated with Cinnarizine." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 26, no. 7-8 (1992): 928–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809202600715.

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OBJECTIVE: To report four cases of cinnarizine-induced weight gain. DATA SOURCES: Case reports from a local obesity center and review articles. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were abstracted from spontaneous comments made by patients to one of the authors, who was a doctor at the clinic, and reviewed by the remaining authors. DATA SYNTHESIS: We reviewed the cases of four women, aged 50–57 years without endocrine or metabolic pathologies, that showed weight gain associated with the intake of cinnarizine for one to two years. No other drugs usually were administered during the period in which the women g
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37

Kim, Yeo Ok, Ji A. Song, Woong Mo Kim, and Myung Ha Yoon. "Antiallodynic Effect of Intrathecal Korean Red Ginseng in Cisplatin-Induced Neuropathic Pain Rats." Pharmacology 105, no. 3-4 (2019): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000503259.

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Background: Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain (CINP) is a serious side effect of chemotherapy. Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is a popular herbal medicine in Asian countries. We examined the therapeutic potential of intrathecally administered KRG for CINP and clarified the mechanisms of action with regard to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)7 receptor at the spinal level. Methods: CINP was evoked by intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin in male Sprague-Dawley rats. After examining the effects of intrathecally administered KRG on CINP, 5-HT receptor antagonist (dihydroergocristine [DHE]) was pretreated
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38

Verbeuren, Tony J., Ludo L. Zonnekeyn, François H. Jordaens, and Arnold G. Herman. "Effects of iskedyl and its two constituents raubasine and dihydroergocristine on the release of [3H]noradrenaline and [3H]serotonin in canine basilar arteries." European Journal of Pharmacology 125, no. 1 (1986): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(86)90076-2.

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39

"Dihydroergocristine." Reactions 182, no. 1 (1987): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03271204.

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40

"Dihydroergocristine/HCTZ is Used Effectively in Hypertension." InPharma 669, no. 1 (1989): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03296161.

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41

Beck, Thomas, Peter Vogg, and Josef Krieglstein. "Uncoupling of cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization by dihydroergocristine in the conscious rat." Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology 338, no. 1 (1988). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00168816.

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42

Lei, Xiling, Jing Yu, Qi Niu, Jianhua Liu, Patrick C. Fraering та Fang Wu. "The FDA-approved natural product dihydroergocristine reduces the production of the Alzheimer’s disease amyloid-β peptides". Scientific Reports 5, № 1 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep16541.

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43

"Melanogenesis, Its Regulatory Process, and Insights on Biomedical, Biotechnological, and Pharmacological Potentials of Melanin as Antiviral Biochemical." Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry 11, no. 4 (2020): 11969–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33263/briac114.1196911984.

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Melanin is s most widely distributed pigment and is found in bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. Melanogenesis is under complex regulatory control by multiple agents interacting through pathways activated by hormonal and receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms. There are about 20 genes that are involved in the biochemical pathway of melanogenesis and its regulation, which include: tyrosinase, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, melanocortin1 receptor, adenylate cyclase, protein kinase A. Human melanogenesis regulatory proteins such as MAPK1, CREB3, and CREBP, have binary i
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