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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Dilution

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Academic literature on the topic 'Dilution'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Dilution"

1

Wagenvoord, Rob, Coen Hemker, and Erik De Smedt. "The technique of measuring thrombin generation with fluorogenic substrates: 3. The effects of sample dilution." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 101, no. 01 (2009): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th08-08-0523.

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SummaryAssessing the clotting function inevitably brings about dilution of plasma. With the existing techniques of thrombin generation (TG) measurement, dilution ranges from 2:3 to 1:8. However, the possibility that dilution alters procoagulant and anticoagulant pathways differently has not been examined. We investigated the effects of dilution on the thrombin generation process and found that the anticoagulant pathways are far more affected by dilution than the procoagulant pathways. That is, when prothrombin and antithrombin concentrations are kept constant, dilution of plasma does not significantly affect tissue factor (TF)-driven thrombin generation. We demonstrate that dilution of plasma slows down the inhibitory activity of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) to a greater extent when compared with the down regulation by diluting procoagulant factors. Dilution of plasma has also a negative effect on the participation of the anti-haemophiliac factors VIII and IX in TG driven by contact activation or low TF concentration. We also investigated the effect of dilution on the participation of the anticoagulant system that consists of thrombomodulin, protein C and protein S (APC system). We found that plasma dilution causes a loss of sensitivity towards TM and APC. Furthermore, at high dilutions (> 1:12) a second wave of prothrombinase-activity was observed that could be attributed to the suppression of protein S-dependent inhibition. In conclusion, the mechanism of TG is profoundly disturbed by plasma dilution. As a consequence, the less a plasma sample is diluted, the better a TG experiment represents the physiological process.

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Mutugi, J. J., A. S. Young, A. C. Maritim, A. Linyonyi, S. K. Mbogo, and B. L. Leitch. "Immunization of cattle using varying infective doses of Theileria parva lawrencei sporozoites derived from an African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and treatment with buparvaquone." Parasitology 96, no. 2 (April 1988): 391–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000058376.

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SummaryA Theileria parva lawrencei isolate in the form of a sporozoite stabilate, derived by feeding clean Rhipicephalus appendiculatus nymphal ticks on an African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) captured in the Laikipia District, Kenya, was inoculated into groups of cattle at dilutions between 100 and 10-3. Groups of 3 cattle infected with 1 ml inocula at 100, 10-1 and 10-2 dilutions were treated with 2·5 mg/kg body weight of buparvaquone on day 0 and similar groups were left untreated to act as controls. An additional group, given 100 dilution of the stabilate, was treated with buparvaquone on day 8 post-inoculation. It was found that all control cattle inoculated with the stabilate at dilutions between 100 and 10-2 became infected, but only 2 out of 3 cattle developed patent infections at 10-3 dilution. All 3 control cattle receiving 100 dilution died of theileriosis, 2 at 10-1 and 10-2 dilutions, and 1 at 10-3 dilution died. Buparvaquone treatment on day 0 at 100 dilution resulted in the survival of 2 of 3 cattle and all the cattle at 10-1 and 10-2 dilutions. All the surviving cattle eventually developed a significant serological response against T. parva in the indirect fluorescent antibody test, except 1 in the 10-3 dilution group, and were immune to homologous challenge when tested 3 months later with a lethal inoculum of stabilate, except 2 cattle in the 10-3 dilution group. As a result of a theileriosis problem at about day 60 after inoculation in 2 cattle given 10-2 dilution of stabilate and buparvaquone treatment on day 0, an additional 5 cattle were given 10-2 dilution of stabilate and developed a good immunity after buparvaquone treatment. None was shown to develop the carrier state. Treatment with buparvaquone on day 8 after infection with 100 dilution of stabilate was not successful since 2 died. The stabilate used was shown to produce reproducible infection in cattle at different dilutions.

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Deltsov, Alexander A., Valentina M. Bachinskaya, Nastasya K. Belova, and Alexandra A. Popova. "Investigation of antibacterial properties of shampoo with chlorhexidine for dogs and cats." Veterinariya, Zootekhniya i Biotekhnologiya 1, no. 122 (2024): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202401002.

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The article presents the results of a study of the antibacterial effect of shampoo with chlorhexidine for dogs and cats. It was found that with serial dilution of antibacterial shampoo in meatpeptone broth, it prevents the growth of E. coli in dilutions of 1:10 and 1:100; S. aureus in dilutions of 1:10 and 1:100; P. aeruginosa in dilutions of 1:10 and 1:100; S. enterica in dilutions of 1:10, 1:100 and 1:1000; P. vulgaris in breeding 1:10 and 1:100. And it was also found that the test sample interferes with the growth of E. coli at a dilution of 1:10 on the Endo medium; S. aureus in dilution of 1:10 and 1:100 on elective, salt agar; P. aeruginosa in dilution of 1:10 per MPA; S. enterica in dilution of 1:10, 1:100 and 1:1000 per MPA; P. vulgaris in dilution of 1:10 and 1:100 per MPA. Thus, even at a concentration of 1:10, the shampoo has an antiseptic effect. It is recommended to use shampoo in the initial concentration.

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Arendrup, Maiken Cavling, Karin Meinike Jørgensen, Nicolien Hanemaaijer, and Paul E. Verweij. "ISO standard 20776-1 or serial 2-fold dilution for antifungal susceptibility plate preparation: that is the question!" Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 76, no. 7 (March 18, 2021): 1793–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkab088.

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Abstract Background Since the ISO standard 20776-1 and serial dilution procedures were compared in 2010 for fluconazole and itraconazole, several new antifungals that are hydrophobic and highly potent have been introduced. Objectives To investigate the impact of the number of tip changes during serial dilution, and ISO and serial dilution for nine antifungals. Methods EUCAST E.Def 7.3.2 with serial (0–10 tip changes) and ISO dilution. Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019, Candida albicans ATCC 64548, C. albicans CNM CL-F8555, Candida krusei ATCC 6258, Aspergillus flavus ATCC 204304 and clinical isolates (n = 5) of C. albicans, Candida dubliniensis, Candida glabrata, C. krusei, A. flavus and Aspergillus terreus were included. GM MICs were compared for ISO and serial dilution and with QC values where available. Results Increasing the number of tip changes (0/1/2/10 times) during serial dilution for plate preparation increased the MICs 1 to >2 dilutions for amphotericin B, anidulafungin, micafungin, fluconazole, voriconazole and isavuconazole against C. albicans ATCC 64548 but only isavuconazole MICs against C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019 (3 dilutions). ISO and serial dilution (two tip changes) were compared for eight compounds and four Candida QC strains (352 MICs). Six/41 GM MIC pairs deviated with 1–1.8 dilution (14.6%). Comparing the GM MIC with the QC values, the ISO method GM MIC was closest to the target in 30.8%, the serial dilution in 34.6% and the methods identical in 34.6% of the cases. Finally, ISO and serial dilution MICs were compared for clinical isolates (920 MICs). Five/23 GM MIC pairs (21.7%) deviated 1.0–1.1 dilutions. Conclusions The ISO and serial dilution (two tip changes) method were in acceptable agreement and thus equally applicable for EUCAST testing.

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Li, S. S., and D. O. Hodgins. "Modelling wastewater effluent mixing and dispersion in a tidal channel." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 37, no. 1 (January 2010): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l09-128.

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The dilution and dispersion behaviour of wastewater effluent discharged from the Lions Gate Wastewater Treatment Plant into Burrard Inlet in British Columbia is investigated. This investigation focuses on the initial dilution zone, where low dilutions or high concentrations of contaminants contained in the effluent potentially pose a water-quality problem. We took the numerical approach and used field measurements of effluent dilutions, ambient stratification, and currents made in the vicinity of the discharge point for model input and verification. Predictions of effluent dilution and trapping compare well with the field results. We successfully determined the zone of exposure, effluent dilutions, trapping depths, and dispersion pathways as a function of discharge flow rate, ambient currents, and ambient stratification. It is shown that effluent trapping and dilutions in the initial dilution zone are governed mainly by the ambient currents, discharge rate, and, to a small extent, ambient stratification.

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Arif, Ani Atul, Tulus Maulana, Ekayanti Mulyawati Kaiin, Bambang Purwantara, Raden Iis Arifiantini, and Erdogan Memili. "Comparative analysis of various step-dilution techniques on the quality of frozen Limousin bull semen." November-2020 13, no. 11 (2020): 2422–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.2422-2428.

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Background and Aim: Indonesia has two National Artificial Insemination centers and 17 Regional Artificial Insemination Centers. The frozen semen production techniques differed between the centers, including the type of diluent and semen dilution technique. The aim of the research was to compare the quality of frozen Limousin bull semen diluted using different techniques. Materials and Methods: Semen was collected from three sexually mature Limousin bulls using an artificial vagina. Immediately after collection, the semen was evaluated macroscopically and microscopically. Semen that had >70% motile sperm and <20% sperm abnormality was divided into three tubes and diluted with skim milk-egg yolk (SMEY) using three different dilution techniques: One-step dilution (100% SMEY with 8% glycerol) at room temperature ([RT] 20°C until 25°C) two-step dilution (50% SMEY without glycerol at RT, stored at 5°C; and 50% SMEY with 16% glycerol after 1 h stored at 5°C); and three-step dilution (50% SMEY without glycerol at RT, stored at 5°C; and 50% SMEY with 16% glycerol added twice at 1 h and 1.5 h after being stored at 5°C). The diluted semen was loaded into 0.25 mL mini straws, equilibrated, and frozen using a freezing machine. Sperm motility, viability, membranes, DNA integrity, and concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzymes were evaluated after thawing. Results: The results showed that there were no significant differences in sperm motility and DNA integrity between dilutions (p>0.05). However, sperm viability and membrane intactness of one-step dilutions were higher than those of three-step dilutions. The concentrations of MDA and AST enzymes of sperm in one-step dilutions were lower than those of three-step dilutions (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that the one-step-dilution technique was better than three-step dilution for cryopreservation of Limousin bull semen.

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Brummel-Ziedins, Kathleen E., Matthew F. Whelihan, Eduards G. Ziedins, and Kenneth G. Mann. "The Resusciatative Fluid You Chose May Potentiate Bleeding." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.1029.1029.

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Abstract Trauma is the leading cause of death in the younger population in the United States, frequently from the development of hemorrhagic shock. Controversy exists over the type of volume resuscitation to be used (dilutions ranging up to 66%) in hemorrhagic shock for restoring hemodynamic stability. Trauma results in massive exposure of tissue factor to the circulation and explosive amounts of thrombin being generated. We studied the effect of various resuscitative formulas to blood coagulation, specifically thrombin generation and fibrin formation, in a controlled setting using corn trypsin inhibited whole blood initiated with a 5pM stimulus of tissue factor. Thrombin generation measured as its complex with antithrombin III (TAT) was evaluated periodically over a time course of 20 min. Fibrin clots were collected and weighed. We investigated four diluents (0.9% NaCl (NS), lactated Ringer’s solution (LR), 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) and 3% NaCl (HS)) each at a 0,10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60% blood dilution. At a 10% dilution TAT generation was in the order of LR (−4%) < HES (−8%)< NS and HS (−12%). Diluting by 20% resulted in further decreases of TAT formation. The fibrin clot mass decreased dramatically with a 20% dilution for NS (−42%) and HES (−30%). Conversely, HS produced no change in fibrin mass but effected the largest change in thrombin generation rate (−56%). At a 50% dilution, comparable thrombin generation profiles were obtained for LR, HES and NS (~35% decrease). However, the fibrin masses decreased by 27% with LR, 46% with NS and 74% with HES. No clot formation or thrombin generation was seen with HS at > 20% dilution. This in vitro study shows that: 1) LR has the least effect on thrombin generation and gave higher than anticipated clot weights; 2) HES reduced the fibrin clot mass at higher dilutions; 3) HS abolishes coagulation after a 20% dilution. Overall, both the extent and nature of hemodilution cause profound alterations in the hemostatic mechanism.

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Cruz, Jorddy Neves da, Luciano Augusto de Sousa, Paulo Cairo Nunes de Oliveira, Marcio Marcelo da Silva Pessoa, Nathiel Sarges Moraes, Maria Jaqueline Bailão Silva, Ayrton Barradas Rocha, et al. "Comparative analysis of the antimicrobial activity of peracetic acid and sodium hypoclorite in the fight against Staphylococcus aureus." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 11 (August 25, 2022): e377111133708. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i11.33708.

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Analyze compared to antimicrobial activity of peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite against S. aureus, showing the best reagent in the inhibition of the same, in addition to quantify the concentration minimum required to inhibition growth. methodology: for the experimental group I (peracetic acid), were used 10 microtubes getting 900μl reagent and dilutions serial of 10-1 to 10-9, for the experimental group II (sodium hypochlorite) another 10 microtubes received 900μl reagent and dilutions serial of 10-1 to 10-9. It was added more 100μl the inoculum bacterial to microtubes of both groups, the mixture was incubated greenhouse bacteriological for 5 minutes at 37ºc and later sown in culture medium. The peracetic acid showed efficiency inhibition of growth of S. aureus to the dilution of 10-2, this being dilution the 0,001% of peracetic acid. In dilution of 10-3 there was a growth part of 44% compared to the control group, in dilutions later there was 100% bacterial growth. sodium hypochlorite showed effectiveness to the dilution of 10-4 being this dilution corresponding to the sodium hypochlorite the 0,0001%. In dilution of 10-5 sodium hypochlorite had an effect partial 86% of bacterial growth in relation to the control group, in dilutions later there was 100% bacterial growth. The Sodium hypochlorite showed be ten times more effective than the peracetic acid in relation to inhibition of growth of Staphylococcus aureus.

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Won, Dong I. L. "Measurements of Endpoint Titers Based on the Fluorescence Intensity Trend in Anti-Nuclear Antibody Testing." Laboratory Medicine 51, no. 5 (December 24, 2019): 469–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/labmed/lmz087.

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Abstract Background Automated systems for antinuclear antibody (ANA) testing provide endpoint titers that are predicted based on the fluorescence intensity (FI) value at a screening dilution (single-well titration [SWT]) showing frequent titration errors (more than plus or minus 1 dilution). Methods Line slope titration (LST) was based on the trend of FI values on dilutions. Three dilutions per specimen were prepared considering a patient’s previous titer or FI at the screening dilution. On the XY plot, with the reciprocal of dilution as the X-axis and FI value as the Y-axis, a fitted line was drawn to obtain the endpoint titers. Results The titration error rate (no. of errors/total no.) of LST using a regression line was lower than that of SWT (31/710 [4.4%] and 152/674 [22.6%], respectively; P < .000000001), with serial dilution as a reference. When comparing a regression line using 3 dilution points with a line using 2 dilution points, the error rate of the former was not significantly different from that of the latter (31/710 [4.4%] and 31/746 [4.2%], respectively; P = .842). Conclusions This LST method is useful as an accurate, cost-effective, and rapid approach to measure endpoint titers in routine ANA testing.

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Keler, Cynthia, Tabitha Balutis, Kim Bergen, Bryanna Laudenslager, and Deanna Rubino. "Serial Dilution Simulation Lab." American Biology Teacher 72, no. 5 (May 1, 2010): 305–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2010.72.5.9.

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Serial dilution is often a difficult concept for students to understand. In this short dry lab exercise, students perform serial dilutions using seed beads. This exercise helps students gain skill at performing dilutions without using reagents, bacterial cultures, or viral cultures, while being able to visualize the process.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dilution"

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Davenne, Tristan Richard. "Dilution induced particle nucleation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619646.

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Reid, Amanda S. "Trademark dilution law a cross-disciplinary examination of dilution and brand equity scholarship /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0008360.

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Diakité, Oumar. "Ore dilution in sublevel stoping." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0027/MQ50602.pdf.

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Robinson, Matthew D. "An Information Theoretic Study of the Ising Antiferromagnet with Quenched Dilution on a Triangular Lattice." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/RobinsonMD2003.pdf.

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Stewart, Penelope Clair. "Minimising dilution in narrow-vein mines /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18948.pdf.

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Sievenpiper, John L. "Effect of dilution in glycemic testing." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0026/MQ50446.pdf.

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Ferguson, A. J. L. "Dilution refrigerator : Design, construction and performance." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378638.

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Noguès, Claude. "Informatisation d'un système cryogénique à dilution." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10125.

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Ce travail presente une solution aux multiples problemes poses par le pilotage informatique d'un ensemble cryogenique a dilution, son objectif a ete d'en simplifier la mise en uvre et l'exploitation. Cette etude a ete realisee dans un groupe de physique des hautes energies. Ce groupe est engage dans le developpement de nouvelles techniques de detection de particules, a basse temperature, pour la recherche de la matiere noire et pour la mesure des neutrinos solaires. Le memoire rappelle les fondements de la physique a basse temperature, les principes des cryostats a helium 4 et a dilution. Le systeme cryogenique utilise y est decrit en detail. Ce rapport presente ensuite une description des methodes de mesure et de regulation de temperature generalement employees en cryogenie. La encore, le systeme de mesure de temperature realise au lapp est decrit de facon circonstanciee. Ce memoire montre aussi une vue de l'ensemble des equipements mecaniques et electroniques utilises, ainsi qu'une description du developpement informatique realise. Enfin, le memoire propose un bilan de l'informatisation et des ameliorations qu'il est possible d'apporter a celle-ci

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Buswell, A. M. "Protein renaturation and aggregation during dilution refolding." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597161.

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The aim of this thesis was to develop a simple usable kinetic scheme for protein refolding that was not dependent on reactor type, and to estimate the relative effect of mixing on refolding and aggregation. There are few direct comparisons between experiments and simulations for fed-batch or continuous refolding, and only batch-derived kinetic schemes are available for use in these reactors. Their applicability has not been tested in alternative reactor types. The effect of mixing on refolding and aggregation has also largely been ignored. However aggregation is likely to be affected by the efficiency of mixing due to the higher-order dependence of the aggregation reaction and the complex dependence of refolding and aggregation on denaturant concentration. A statistical design refolding experiment was first conducted with recombinant trypsinogen inclusion bodies to assess the effects of various physical refolding parameters. Mixing was shown to be important. The existing batch-derived kinetic scheme for lysozyme refolding was then examined in detail and shown to not predict refolding yield in a fed-batch reactor. An improved kinetic scheme was developed using a novel labelling technique, and stopped-flow classic light scattering to directly measure the aggregation rate constant. The model involves a sequential aggregation mechanism in competition with early commitment to refolding, and gave an improved estimate of lysozyme fed-batch refolding yield. An optimum level of mixing was identified for lysozyme dilution refolding using an oscillating grid reactor. An analysis of a diffusive mixing model combined with the improved kinetic scheme demonstrated the effect of varying mixing length-scales on refolding yield, and partly explained the optimum mixing level identified with the oscillating grid experiments. The key outcomes of this thesis are an improved kinetic scheme for lysozyme refolding, and a better understanding of the effects of mixing.

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Vlugt, Thijs J. H., Xin Liu, and André Bardow. "Multicomponent Maxwell-Stefan diffusivities at infinite dilution." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-185709.

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Books on the topic "Dilution"

1

C, Endler P., and Schulte J, eds. Ultra high dilution: Physiology and physics. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994.

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Trademark dilution. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996.

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P, Marotta, Taddei-Ferretti C, Istituto italiano per gli studi filosofici., and International School of Biophysics (1995 : Casamicciola, Napoli, Italy), eds. High dilution effects on cells and integrated systems. Singapore: World Scientific, 1998.

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Endler, P. C., and J. Schulte, eds. Ultra High Dilution. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8342-8.

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Chandler, Davidson, and Joint Center for Political Studies (U.S.), eds. Minority vote dilution. Washington, D.C: Howard University Press, 1989.

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Baumgartner, D. J. Dilution models for effluent discharges. 2nd ed. [Washington, D.C.]: Standards and Applied Science Division, Office of Science and Technology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1993.

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Baumgartner, D. J. Dilution models for effluent discharges. 3rd ed. Newport, OR: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Pacific Ecosystems Branch, 1994.

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1947-, Srinivasan R., and Lewis Research Center, eds. Perspectives on dilution jet mixing. Cleveland, Ohio: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1986.

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D, Tiegs, ed. Activity coefficients at infinite dilution. [Frankfurt/Main]: DECHEMA, 1986.

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1947-, Srinivasan R., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Perspectives on dilution jet mixing. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Dilution"

1

Endler, P. C., and J. Schulte. "Introduction." In Ultra High Dilution, 1–2. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8342-8_1.

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Schulte, Jürgen. "Conservation of Structure in Aqueous Ultra High Dilutions." In Ultra High Dilution, 105–15. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8342-8_10.

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Del Giudice, E. "Is the “Memory of Water” a Physical Impossibility?" In Ultra High Dilution, 117–19. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8342-8_11.

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Anagnostatos, G. S. "Small Water Clusters (Clathrates) in the Preparation Process of Homoeopathy." In Ultra High Dilution, 121–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8342-8_12.

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Auerbach, D. "Mass, Fluid and Wave Motion During the Preparation of Ultra High Dilutions." In Ultra High Dilution, 129–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8342-8_13.

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Berezin, A. A. "Ultra High Dilution Effect and Isotopic Self-Organisation." In Ultra High Dilution, 137–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8342-8_14.

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Schulte, J. "About Quality and Standards in Ultra High Dilution Research and Research on Homoeopathy." In Ultra High Dilution, 171–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8342-8_15.

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Popp, F. A. "Some Biophysical Elements of Homoeopathy." In Ultra High Dilution, 177–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8342-8_16.

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Smith, C. W. "Electromagnetic and Magnetic Vector Potential Bio-Information and Water." In Ultra High Dilution, 187–201. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8342-8_17.

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Smith, C. W., and P. C. Endler. "Resonance Phenomena of an Ultra High Dilution of Thyroxine — Preliminary Results." In Ultra High Dilution, 203–7. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8342-8_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Dilution"

1

Hollister, Matthew. "Dilution Refrigerators for Quantum Science." In Dilution Refrigerators for Quantum Science. US DOE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1827840.

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Douglas, Thomas. "Optimization of Dilution Refrigerator Mechanical Supports." In Optimization of Dilution Refrigerator Mechanical Supports. US DOE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1825296.

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Rouleau, Loic, Ludovic Nowak, Florence Duffour, and Bruno Walter. "Assessment of Dilution Options on a Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine." In 16th International Conference on Engines & Vehicles. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-24-0066.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The hydrogen internal combustion engine is a promising alternative to fossil fuel-based engines, which, in a short time, can reduce the carbon footprint of the ground transport sector. However, the high heat release rates associated with hydrogen combustion results in higher NOx emissions. The NOx production can be mitigated by diluting the in-cylinder mixture with air, Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) or water injected in the intake manifold. This study aims at assessing these dilution options on the emissions, efficiency, combustion performance and boosting effort. These dilution modes are, at first, compared on a single cylinder engine (SCE) with direct injection of hydrogen in steady state conditions. Air and EGR dilutions are then evaluated on a corresponding 4-cylinder engine by 0D simulation on a complete map under NOx emission constraint.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">On the SCE at 3000rpm and 10.7bar IMEP, air and EGR dilutions allow a high dilution rate, leading to a significant NOx reduction: from 2.8g/kWh to less than 0.05g/kWh. The indicated efficiency goes through a maximum of about 45.5% with NOx emissions around 0.4g/kWh without affecting the lubricant consumption, calculated from carbon-bearing gas emissions. The water injection doesn’t affect the efficiency but reduces NOx emissions moderately without inducing excessive lubricant consumption. For the three dilution options, a common guide curve of NOx emissions versus a thermal dilution rate, based on the fuel chemical energy, diluent heat capacity and water vaporization latent heat, is presented. The best indicated efficiency for a tolerable NOx level of 0.4g/kWh is achieved for lambda of 2.4 with air dilution path and EGR rate of 10% at lambda of 2. After these dilution tests involving hydrogen and possibly high content of water in the chamber, only a thin layer of corrosion is observed on the iron cast liner without any structural or mechanical damage. The 0D simulation shows the interesting combination of air and EGR dilution allowing higher load under NOx emission constraint. EGR gases containing water with high heat capacity allows to reduce the quantity of diluent at high load, therefore the filling work and turbocharger effort.</div></div>

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Argillier, J.-Francois, Isabelle Henaut, patrick gateau, Jean-Philippe Heraud, and Philippe Glenat. "Heavy Oil Dilution." In SPE International Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/97763-ms.

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5

Jaffe, Steven M., and William M. Yen. "Detecting dilution-narrowed systems." In Optics, Electro-Optics, and Laser Applications in Science and Engineering, edited by Bryan L. Fearey. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.44248.

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6

Yokoyama, Takashi, Takayuki Kurimura, Noriyuki Sakakibara, and Fumiyuki Suzuki. "Improvement of Surface Cracking Risks by Controlling Dilution of Cobalt-Based Hardfacings." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-58497.

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Abstract Cobalt-based hardfacings have been widely applied to the main valve seats of steam turbines for the purpose of improving durability. With the aim of decreasing the surface cracking risks of the hardfacings, the dilution of the hardfacing on their surface was controlled and the properties of the dilution-controlled materials were investigated in this study. Mixtures of cobalt-based hardfacings and base materials were cast in order to simulate the dilution of base material to hardfacing, which occurs in the process such as PTA welding. It was confirmed that the grain size matched that produced by PTA welding by controlling the cooling rate. To investigate the effect of aging on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the cast samples, the samples were aged in electric furnaces where the temperature was controlled to the steam temperature of steam turbines and above. The test results show that the phase transitioned from face-centered cubic to hexagonal closed-packed in low-dilution samples, while carbides precipitated along the grain boundaries in high-dilution samples after aging. Both samples showed an increase in hardness and reduction in ductility and fracture toughness. In addition, the variation in microstructures and strength properties was suppressed for a 20 % dilution sample. To validate the influence of dilution as investigated with the cast samples, test specimens were machined from the surface and bottom layers of multi-layered hardfacing that had different dilutions by PTA welding. It was confirmed that the influence of dilution on the strength properties of hardfacing layers had a similar tendency to the cast samples. The results above lead to the possibility of reducing the surface cracking risks by controlling the dilution of hardfacings and suppressing embrittlement after aging. We have applied dilution-controlled hardfacings to steam valves and successfully reduced surface cracking.

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Chapellier, D., V. D. Le, A. Re, V. Iliceto, and S. Mares. "Fluid Logging: the Dilution Technique." In 1st EEGS Meeting. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201407415.

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Hong, Hoabin, Rae-Gyung Ha, and Yongjae Yu. "RAINFALL DILUTION OF ANTHROPOGENIC PARTICULATES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-279191.

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Makhdoumi, Ali, Flavio P. Calmon, and Muriel Medard. "Forgot your password: Correlation dilution." In 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit.2015.7282996.

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HOLDEMAN, J., and R. SRINIVASAN. "Perspectives on dilution jet mixing." In 22nd Joint Propulsion Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-1611.

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Reports on the topic "Dilution"

1

Onishi, Y., H. C. Reid, and D. S. Trent. Dilution physics modeling: Dissolution/precipitation chemistry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/109665.

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Sherman, Max H., William J. N. Turner, and Iain S. Walker. Infiltration as Ventilation: Weather-Induced Dilution. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1173153.

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3

Gaffney, Amy. Guideline on Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1358328.

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West, Joshua T. Dilution Refrigerator Technology for Scalable Quantum Computing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada605324.

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Frey, W. RF BANDWIDTH CONSIDERATIONS VHF BUNCH DILUTION SYSTEM. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1151190.

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Bayne, C. (Quality control for isotope dilution mass spectrometry). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6843033.

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7

Zhou, Ping. Beam Emittance Dilution Going Through Profile Measurement Flags. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1119413.

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8

BARTON, W. B. Maximum First Transfer and Dilution Volumes for 241SY101. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/798136.

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Efurd, D. W., J. Drake, F. R. Roensch, J. H. Cappis, and R. E. Perrin. Quantification of neptunium by isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5698166.

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Herting, D. L. Test plan for tank 241-AN-104 dilution studies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/362395.

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