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Merenda, Peter F., and Joseph L. Fava. "Role of Behaviorally Descriptive Adjectives in Description of Personality." Psychological Reports 74, no. 1 (1994): 259–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.74.1.259.
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Behaviorally descriptive adjectives and personality trait terms have been analyzed periodically by many psychological researchers and practitioners during the last half of this century. This analysis of personality-descriptive adjectives and terms has led to the development of several widely used adjective checklists for personality assessment and the postulation and the construct validation of several personality models. Foremost among the adjective checklists have been the 1948 Activity Vector Analysis (AVA), the 1950 Adjective Check List (ACL), and the more recent Personality Adjective Check List (PACL) in 1987. The first descriptions and reports of their developmental and validation research appeared in the professional refereed literature, respectively by Clarke in 1956, Gough in 1960, and Strack in 1987. The ACL contains 300 adjectives, various forms of the AVA contain 81 to 87 adjectives, and the PACL contains 153 adjectives. The dimensionality of personality models and the number of scales interpreted in the protocols from these instruments have either remained stable as in the case of AVA (4 dimensions, 6 scales) or have been quite variable over time. For example, the ACL was originally 5-dimensional with 6 scales being interpreted. Currently, the ACL yields 37 interpretable scales, and the PACL perhaps a 5-factor structure.
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Lorr, Maurice, and Stephen Strack. "Wiggins interpersonal adjective scales: A dimensional view." Personality and Individual Differences 11, no. 4 (1990): 423–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(90)90227-i.
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Tribushinina, Elena. "Do Small Elephants Exist?" Toegepaste Taalwetenschap in Artikelen 79 (January 1, 2008): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.79.04tri.
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In this study, I have tested the assumption that in child language acquisition dimensional adjectives are prototype-free by looking at the acquisition of these words by children. The results of longitudinal data from English and Dutch show that the predictions of the non-prototypicality hypothesis are disconfirmed. Children initially apply dimensional adjectives only to a restricted set of entities, most prominent of which are prototypical instantiations of the entity (e.g., 'tower' for tall). After having stored a critical mass of adjective-object pairings, children are able to make generalisations and extract spatial schemas. The findings provide support to Prefab Theory and Categorical Learning Theory, and disconfirm the predictions of Semantic Feature Theory.
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Schubert, Emery. "Update of the Hevner Adjective Checklist." Perceptual and Motor Skills 96, no. 3_suppl (2003): 1117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2003.96.3c.1117.
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Hevner's checklist has been widely used to measure emotional responses to music. Since the revision of the checklist by Farnsworth in the 1950s and 1960s, the list has not been updated. 133 musically experienced people were surveyed regarding the suitability of a list of 91 adjectives in describing music. The words consisted of the original 67 from Hevner's adjective circle, and additional words were taken from Russell's circumplex model of emotion (1980) and Whissell's dictionary of affect (1989). The words and clusters were then grouped according to their position on a two-dimensional emotion space. Some of the words used by Hevner but dropped by Farnsworth were reinstated, and 15 other words were dropped. The final list consisted of 46 words grouped into nine clusters in emotion space.
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Vuletic, Milos. "Gradable adjectives and disagreement about personal taste." Theoria, Beograd 59, no. 2 (2016): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo1602017v.
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Contextualism and Relativism offer competing semantic accounts of personal taste predicates. I argue in this paper that Michael Glanzberg?s defense of contextualism from one relativist argument-the Lost Disagreement Argument-is not successful. I show that Glanzberg?s scalar analysis of the adjectives from which personal taste predicates are built fails to capture the characteristic subjectivity of these predicates. I propose an alternative analysis according to whicheach personal taste adjective denotes multiple functions from a set of objects to an ordered scale of measurement of the appropriate dimensional property. This analysis succeeds where Glanzberg?s fails and it favors a relativist treatment of personal taste predicates.
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Wu, Fong-Gong, and Chii-Zen Yu. "Parametric Design and Kansei Engineering in Goblet Styling Design." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (March 19, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8259698.
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In this study, we developed a computer-aided product design method for goblet styling design based on two methods. The first was parametric design derived from an adjustable cam mechanism, which was used for shape generation, and the second was Kansei engineering, which was used for shape evaluation. In the shape generation method, motion curves from an adjustable cam were used. Designers can collect feature point data from existing products to define the boundary conditions of adjustable cam motion equations; furthermore, adjustable motion curves allow parametric design. Through adjusting a single parameter, motion curves were changed to be used as projective curves for the styling design of goblets. Then, a coordinate transformation method was applied to support the three-dimensional styling design of goblets. In the shape evaluation method, some goblet stylings were regularly selected to determine adjective degrees by production design experts. Adjective degrees for goblets that had not been selected were determined through interpolation. Market demand was defined as the preference of customers for specific adjective degrees for goblets.
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Shieh, Kong-King, and Fen-Fen Chen. "Effects of Order of Report and Stimulus Type on Multidimensional Identification." Perceptual and Motor Skills 95, no. 3 (2002): 783–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.95.3.783.
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An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of order of report and stimulus type on multidimensional stimulus-identification performance. Analysis showed that the proper order of reporting dimensional attributes depended on stimulus type. If the dimensions were independent heterogeneous attributes, the effect of order of report was not significant. If homogeneous attributes were involved, they should be reported consecutively. The order in which the color attributes should be reported depended on the characteristics of the stimulus dimensions. If there was a natural language-appropriate order of reporting the dimensional attributes, the color attribute should be used as an adjective and reported first. Otherwise, reporting color attribute later seemed to have an advantage because color is less vulnerable to memory deterioration.
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Jiang, Ke, and Jing Jing Wang. "Research on the Mathematical Description of Style Image of Machining Centers." Advanced Materials Research 320 (August 2011): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.320.146.
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In order to develop a Web-based style semantics database system of machining centers, this paper focuses on using Image Scale to describe the style image cognition of machining centers which is a vague psychological concept, give mathematical description of image scale. Then through a style image cognition experiment, 6 adjective pairs are chosen to link with the style image cognition of machining centers, so a 6 dimensional image scale is got. At last, this paper proposes a 5´6 matrix SNCthat is called Style Description Matrix of machining centers to describe their image scale in mathematics.
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Ding, Hongdi. "A cross-dialectal analysis of Nuosu adjectival comparative constructions." Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 41, no. 1 (2018): 45–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ltba.16023.din.
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Abstract Current analyses (Hu 2005; Gerner 2013; Liu et al. 2013) of Nuosu adjectival comparative constructions are not observationally adequate because they are only based on the semantic distinction between dimensional adjectives and other adjectives. A better analysis should make a further morphological consideration by dividing the Nuosu adjectives into root-sharing prefixed adjectives, non-root-sharing prefixed adjectives and simplex adjectives. Moreover, the existing analyses are not consistent. Some unacceptable comparative sentences in Hu (2005) are acceptable in Gerner (2013) and Liu et al. (2013). I have found out that the inconsistency results from different rigorousness to adjectival morphosyntactic restrictions among different varieties or dialects of Nuosu. After a cross-dialectal investigation with three major dialects of Nuosu, i.e. Shynra, Yynuo and Suondi, it is concluded that Nuosu comparative constructions have a restricted form and a general form for superiority, inferiority and equality respectively. Different dialects or varieties have varying rigorousness to Nuosu adjectival morphosyntax, thus resulting in different choices of the forms for comparison. Accordingly, the available Nuosu varieties are classified into three types: varieties with more morphosyntactic rigorousness, transitional varieties and varieties with less morphosyntactic rigorousness. It is found that Shynra Nuosu is morphosyntactically less rigorous than Yynuo and Suondi Nuosu. I will also address the relationship between the two structural forms of comparative constructions. To conclude, a prediction is made on the development of Nuosu adjectival comparatives.
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Kroner, Daryl G., Ronald R. Holden, and John R. Reddon. "Validity of the Basic Personality Inventory in a Correctional Setting." Assessment 4, no. 2 (1997): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107319119700400204.
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This study investigates the validity of the Basic Personality Inventory (BPI) with a sample of 101 adult male offenders in a medium security institution. The criterion measures consisted of self-ratings (i.e., bipolar dimensional and adjective ratings), correctional officer ratings, and institutional adjustment (i.e., contact with medical staff, verbal warnings, institutional charges, days segregated, and cell maintenance). The majority of the scales corresponded well to the self-ratings. The Denial, Persecutory Ideation, Anxiety, and Thinking Disorder scales had poor convergent and discriminant validity with the correctional officer ratings. Interpersonal Problems, Alienation, and Impulse Expression scales predicted behavioral adjustment indexes. The results are summarized in relation to the higher order factors of emotional adjustment, antisocial orientation, cognitive functioning, and social or self-perception. Overall, the BPI scales adequately measure psychopathology and adjustment within a correctional setting.
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Hsu, Uzu Kuei, Chang Hsien Tai, and Chien Hsiung Tsai. "All Speed and High-Resolution Scheme Applied to Three-Dimensional Multi-Block Complex Flowfield System." Journal of Mechanics 20, no. 1 (2004): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1727719100004007.
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ABSTRACTThe improved numerical approach is implemented with preconditioned Navier-Stokes solver on arbitrary three-dimensional (3-D) structured multi-block complex flowfield. With the successful application of time-derivative preconditioning, present hybrid finite volume solver is performed to obtain the steady state solutions in compressible and incompressible flows. This solver which combined the adjective upwind splitting method (AUSM) family of low-diffusion flux-splitting scheme with an optimally smoothing multistage scheme and the time-derivative preconditioning is used to solve both the compressible and incompressible Euler and Navier-Stokes equations. In addition, a smoothing procedure is used to provide a mechanism for controlling the numerical implementation to avoid the instability at stagnation and sonic region. The effects of preconditioning on accuracy and convergence to the steady state of the numerical solutions are presented. There are two validation cases and three complex cases simulated as shown in this study. The numerical results obtained for inviscid and viscous two-dimensional flows over a NACA0012 airfoil at free stream Mach number ranging from 0.1 to 1.0E-7 indicates that efficient computations of flows with very low Mach numbers are now possible, without losing accuracy. And it is effectively to simulate 3-D complex flow phenomenon from compressible flow to incompressible by using the advanced numerical methods.
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Burroughs, Elizabeth I., and J. Bruce Tomblin. "Speech and Language Correlates of Adults' Judgments of Children." Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 55, no. 3 (1990): 485–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshd.5503.485.
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This two-part study explored the influence that a preschool-aged child's communication behavior has on the impression he or she makes on adults. First, the semantic differential technique was used to reveal the dimensions that describe the adults' judgments of these children. Four adult judges listened to 140 2-min samples of children conversing with an adult and rated the children on 24 bipolar adjective scales. Factor analysis of the ratings produced a three-dimensional structure (Dynamism, Maturity, and Appeal) that accounted for 80% of the total variance in the judgment data. Next, the association between six selected speech and language behaviors and the judgments on each of these dimensions were examined. Rate of speech, fluency of speech, participation in the conversation, complexity of sentences, and grammaticality of utterances were not highly correlated with adults' impressions. However, level of phonological accuracy did correlate with adults' perceptions of degree of maturity.
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Tinshe, Sonia, and Junaidi Junaidi. "WHO ARE AMERICANS? ANALYSIS OF OBAMA AND TRUMP’S POLITICAL SPEECHES ON IMMIGRATION." Celtic: A Journal of Culture, English Language Teaching, Literature, & Linguistics 6, no. 2 (2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/celticumm.vol6.no2.73-87.
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Immigration has been a crucial discussion in the American politics ever since the nation was still writing its constitution. Seeing how immigrants have shaped the American society, it is important to see how they are perceived, as minorities, by significant political figures, such as the president. The objective of this paper is to understand the ideology behind Obama and Trump’s political speeches about immigration, as well as its relevance to the political discourse and social context in America. Five political speeches from Obama (2009-2014), as well as two political speeches from Trump (2016-2017) are analyzed, as the primary data, using Critical Discourse Analysis, particularly Fairclough’s (1993) three-dimensional framework. The finding shows that Obama’s and Trump’s ideology on immigration is related with their idea of the immigrant’s identity in American society. It is shown through their word choice, such as pejorative adjective, and the theme related with the issue of immigration. Seen from the political discourse, the speeches are showing perceived superiority that the presidents have over immigrants. Moreover, from the social perspective, it dehumanizes and reduces the identity of immigrants.
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Tinshe, Sonia, and Junaidi Junaidi. "WHO ARE AMERICANS? ANALYSIS OF OBAMA AND TRUMP’S POLITICAL SPEECHES ON IMMIGRATION." Celtic: A Journal of Culture, English Language Teaching, Literature and Linguistics 6, no. 2 (2019): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/celtic.v6i2.9947.
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Immigration has been a crucial discussion in the American politics ever since the nation was still writing its constitution. Seeing how immigrants have shaped the American society, it is important to see how they are perceived, as minorities, by significant political figures, such as the president. The objective of this paper is to understand the ideology behind Obama and Trump’s political speeches about immigration, as well as its relevance to the political discourse and social context in America. Five political speeches from Obama (2009-2014), as well as two political speeches from Trump (2016-2017) are analyzed, as the primary data, using Critical Discourse Analysis, particularly Fairclough’s (1993) three-dimensional framework. The finding shows that Obama’s and Trump’s ideology on immigration is related with their idea of the immigrant’s identity in American society. It is shown through their word choice, such as pejorative adjective, and the theme related with the issue of immigration. Seen from the political discourse, the speeches are showing perceived superiority that the presidents have over immigrants. Moreover, from the social perspective, it dehumanizes and reduces the identity of immigrants.
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FRANCIS, ELAINE J., and STEPHEN MATTHEWS. "A multi-dimensional approach to the category ‘verb’ in Cantonese." Journal of Linguistics 41, no. 2 (2005): 269–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226705003270.
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Cantonese exhibits a pattern of variation among verbs that has often been interpreted as distinguishing a category of adjectives or a subcategory of adjectival verbs. However, neither of these approaches takes into account the complex patterns of overlap among the purported categories or subcategories. To account for these patterns, we propose a multi-dimensional, feature-based analysis, whereby morphological, phonological, syntactic, and semantic features interact to determine the distribution of each verb. While all verbs bear the same syntactic category feature, there are other features that affect the distribution of verbs independently of syntactic category. For example, constructions that resemble adjectival constructions in other languages license the semantic classes of verbs that are permanent, gradable, and/or non-dynamic, while constructions that resemble verbal constructions in other languages license the semantic classes of verbs that are dynamic, non-gradable, and/or non-permanent. Typological implications of this analysis are also considered.
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Reicherts, Michael, Virginie Salamin, Christian Maggiori, and Karl Pauls. "The Learning Affect Monitor (LAM)." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 23, no. 4 (2007): 268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.23.4.268.
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Abstract. The Learning Affect Monitor (LAM) is a new computer-based assessment system integrating basic dimensional evaluation and discrete description of affective states in daily life, based on an autonomous adapting system. Subjects evaluate their affective states according to a tridimensional space (valence and activation circumplex as well as global intensity) and then qualify it using up to 30 adjective descriptors chosen from a list. The system gradually adapts to the user, enabling the affect descriptors it presents to be increasingly relevant. An initial study with 51 subjects, using a 1 week time-sampling with 8 to 10 randomized signals per day, produced n = 2,813 records with good reliability measures (e.g., response rate of 88.8%, mean split-half reliability of .86), user acceptance, and usability. Multilevel analyses show circadian and hebdomadal patterns, and significant individual and situational variance components of the basic dimension evaluations. Validity analyses indicate sound assignment of qualitative affect descriptors in the bidimensional semantic space according to the circumplex model of basic affect dimensions. The LAM assessment module can be implemented on different platforms (palm, desk, mobile phone) and provides very rapid and meaningful data collection, preserving complex and interindividually comparable information in the domain of emotion and well-being.
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Ynduráin, Carlos. "Alto y bajo: de lo dimensional a lo cualitativo. Propuesta lexicográfica." Futhark. Revista de Investigación y Cultura, no. 15 (2020): 191–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/futhark.2020.i15.12.
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En torno a los valores prototípicos de los adjetivos alto y bajo (relacionados, en principio, con las dimensiones de una entidad física) existe una serie de significados de origen metafórico que vinculan estas palabras con los conceptos de CANTIDAD (altas dosis), INTENSIDAD (alta tensión) y FRECUENCIA (ventas altas). El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la base cognitiva de estas extensiones semánticas y clasificar los sentidos que resulta apropiado diferenciar de cara a su posterior tratamiento lexicográfico.
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Verheyen, Steven, and Paul Égré. "Typicality and Graded Membership in Dimensional Adjectives." Cognitive Science 42, no. 7 (2018): 2250–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12649.
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Shimotori, Misuzu. "Conceptual relations in the semantic domain of Swedish dimensional adjectives." European Journal of Scandinavian Studies 46, no. 2 (2016): 270–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ejss-2016-0023.
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Abstract In the conventional study of lexical semantics, adjectives are not considered likely to have a hierarchical relation, such as a meronymic (part-whole) relation, to each other. The most possible lexical relations among adjectives are antonymy and synonymy. In this study, however, I assume that meronomic relations between internal members of dimensional adjectives (e. g. big, long, deep) are conceptually possible from an ontological point of view. By using a semantic task, i. e. anaphora resolution, I draw the following conclusion: dimensional adjectives themselves have no meronymic relation to each other. However, restricting our discussion to the usage of Swedish dimensional adjectives in modifying concrete entities, the conceptual relations between the general term, e. g. BIG,1I use capital letters to indicate concepts throughout this essay. Lexical items are written in italics. and specific terms, e. g. LONG, DEEP, are mentally organized in a part-whole relation and thus in a meronomic structure. When applied to the whole expression which is a concept of a big entity, such as BIG CUP, there are meronomic relations between concepts of the big entity and its parts, e. g. BIG CUP – DEEP CUP.
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Tribushinina, Elena. "Vantages on scales: a study of Russian dimensional adjectives." Language Sciences 32, no. 2 (2010): 241–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2009.10.007.
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No authorship indicated. "Review of Dimensional Adjectives: Grammatical Structure and Conceptual Interpretation." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 36, no. 8 (1991): 728–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/030099.
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장가영. "A COGNITIVE SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF THE DIMENSIONAL ADJECTIVES ‘DA/XIAO’." CHINESE LITERATURE 79, no. ll (2014): 277–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.21192/scll.79..201405.011.
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Pshenichnikova, V. V., D. B. Martemyanov, and V. A. Penner. "Two dimensional measuring methods of geometrical adjectives of cylindrical pins." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 858 (June 2017): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/858/1/012029.
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Maloney, Laurence T., and Susan A. Gelman. "Measuring the influence of context: The interpretation of dimensional adjectives." Language and Cognitive Processes 2, no. 3-4 (1987): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01690968708406931.
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Bochnak, M. Ryan. "Scale exhaustivity and the Modification Condition." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 23 (August 24, 2013): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v23i0.2677.
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This paper pursues a Vector Space Semantics (VSS) analysis of evaluative and extreme adjectives in absolute and comparative constructions, with a particular emphasis on the licensing of measure phrases (MPs) in these environments. I show that the Modification Condition (Winter 2005), which restricts the distribution of MPs with locative/directional PPs and dimensional adjectives, can be extended to account for MP licensing with evaluative and extreme adjectives as well. Importantly, the non-satisfaction of the Modification Condition is entailed when a set of vectors does not exhaust the range of possible values on a particular scale. This observation thus allows us to link a long-standing generalization that scale exhaustivity and MP licensing are crucially related (Bierwisch 1989) with the formal denotational properties of certain linguistic expressions.
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Kim, Eunmi. "Persistence of spatial meanings in the conceptualization of causality: at, by, with and about in emotion constructions." Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 54, no. 2 (2018): 223–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psicl-2018-0009.
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Abstract Prepositions encode various causal forces when expressing emotion causality in emotion constructions. This study investigates two pairs of prepositions, the zerodimensional at and by, and the two- or three-dimensional with and about, which show contrasting collocation patterns in emotion constructions. Through a corpus analysis of the Corpus of Contemporary American English, this study claims that there is a strong tendency that zero-dimensional prepositions are used with short-term emotions, whereas two- or three-dimensional prepositions frequently occur with long-term emotions. This study argues that the constraints of distributions of prepositions with emotive adjectives can be accounted for by features of their spatial source meanings in early usages. In the framework of grammaticalization, the constraints of collocation patterns of two pairs of prepositions with emotive adjectives show the phenomenon with respect to the “persistence” of Hopper (1991) in which traces of the source lexemes are retained in the constraints of their distributions. This study is significant in that it suggests a typology of causality based on spatial dimensions of prepositions.
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Layton, Thomas L., and Michelle G. Metz. "Relation of Cognitive Operational Performance to Comprehension and Production of Dimensional Adjectives." Perceptual and Motor Skills 69, no. 1 (1989): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1989.69.1.51.
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This study compared normal developing children, aged 34 to 51 mo., on comprehension and production of relative dimensional adjectives using object manipulations in a cloze elicitation procedure and on Piagetian operational tests of conservation of continuous quantity, length, reversibility and seriation. Analysis indicated a significant difference on the expressive language performance of the transitional and the concrete operational children over the preoperational children, but no significant differences occurred between the first two groups. Children who performed better on seriation were significantly better on expressive language performance. Children classified as operational for length performed better on all language measures than those classified as nonoperational. Reversibility and conservation of a continuous quantity did not differentiate children.
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Ryalls, Brigette Oliver. "Dimensional Adjectives: Factors Affecting Children's Ability to Compare Objects Using Novel Words." Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 76, no. 1 (2000): 26–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jecp.1999.2537.
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Kendall, Roger A., and Edward C. Carterette. "Verbal Attributes of Simultaneous Wind Instrument Timbres: II. Adjectives Induced from Piston's "Orchestration"." Music Perception 10, no. 4 (1993): 469–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40285584.
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Experiments were conducted to explore the relationship between wind instrument dyad timbres and verbal attributes drawn from the musicological literature in order to compare and contrast results with studies using artificial stimuli and amusical rating scales. In the first experiment, all adjectives in Piston's (1955) "Orchestration" were collated and subsequently reduced to 61 examples. A checklist procedure was used in response to the dyad timbres to further reduce the set of adjectives to 21. The 21 adjectives were used in verbal attribute magnitude estimation of the 10 wind instrument dyad timbres. Principal components analysis of ratings revealed four verbal attribute factors, accounting for 90.604% of the variance: power, strident, plangent, and reed. Correlational analyses demonstrated an improvement in mapping between the ratings and perceptual similarity spaces over the procedure used in Part I of this study. The two-dimensional timbral circumplex was interpreted as having a principal dimension of nasality versus richness and a secondary dimension of reediness versus brilliance.
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Tekman, Hasan Gürkan. "A Multidimensional Study of Preference Judgments for Excerpts of Music." Psychological Reports 82, no. 3 (1998): 851–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.82.3.851.
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Subjects evaluated how well they liked each one of 38 short excerpts of Western music and also judged how well each excerpt was described by 23 adjectives. How well an excerpt was liked was negatively correlated with the use of the adjectives ‘unpleasant,’ ‘complex,’ ‘tense,’ and ‘dissonant.’ The use of the adjectives ‘melodic,’ ‘pleasant,’ ‘sentimental,’ and ‘familiar’ was positively related to how well an excerpt was liked. The correlations between the preference judgments of different excerpts were taken as a measure of similarity between the excerpts. This measure of similarity was used in a multidimensional scaling analysis with the purpose of identifying dimension that may determine preferences for music. In the six-dimensional space generated (stress value was .255) coordinates on three of the dimensions could be predicted, in part, by the use of the adjectives ‘sentimental,’ ‘fast,’ and a combination of ‘high pitched,’ ‘calm,’ and ‘sad,’ respectively. Thus, some clues to the factors underlying musical preferences were obtained. Although a large number of dimensions were necessary and all of them could not be interpreted meaningfully here, this method may be developed as a way of conceptualizing musical preferences with a more careful selection of excerpts and more detailed assessment of their qualities.
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Gamerschlag, Thomas. "Stative dimensional verbs in German." Studies in Language 38, no. 2 (2014): 275–334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.38.2.02gam.
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Stative verbs such as German wiegen ‘weigh’ and heißen ‘be called’ encode an attribute of the subject referent such as WEIGHT or NAME and, in addition, allow for the specification of a value for this attribute. From a cognitive perspective, we refer to attributes of this type as object dimensions and to stative verbs encoding object dimensions as stative dimensional verbs. We argue in favor of the relevance of these verbs to cognitive science and semantics. After introducing basic types of stative dimensional verbs, we discuss the results of an in-depth investigation of these verbs in German. In addition to the kind of dimensions encoded by stative verbs, there will be a particular focus on contrasts in the distribution of dimension encoding verbs, nouns, and adjectives. Moreover, we will present a taxonomy of stative dimensional verbs in dependence of the specific dimension.
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Fedyaeva, Elena, and Marina Ivleva. "Role of Object Imagery in Comprehending Real World Phenomena Attributes." SHS Web of Conferences 50 (2018): 01074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185001074.
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The paper analyzes the functioning of nouns as paragons of certain attributes characterizing various properties of the real world objects. Humans perceive the objects they see in space as possessing definite inherent attributes (shape or dimension). Perception results in the system of parametric adjectives. However, adjectives denote rather abstract meanings thus possessing a more sophisticated structure of categorial meaning in comparison with nouns. The dimensional nomination by adjectives is “vague”, while nouns can actualize several attributes and create a holistic image. The factual material analysis reveals that: 1) the use of nouns as an “evaluation tool” of the objects’ physical properties is due to the specific human feature to perceive the world primarily in essential, substantial or “objectified” images; 2) object images specify and simplify processing of the incoming data by cognitive structures; 3) object imagery is one of the tools to conceptualize spatial properties of the objects; 4) linguistic representation of object imagery is culture specific and depends on a grammatical structure of a given language conditioned by its historical development; 5) the English language is characterized by frequent direct nominal representation of an idea in contrast with the same idea being expressed by a simile in Russian.
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Kendall, Roger A., and Edward C. Carterette. "Verbal Attributes of Simultaneous Wind Instrument Timbres: I. von Bismarck's Adjectives." Music Perception 10, no. 4 (1993): 445–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40285583.
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A study on the verbal attributes of timbre was conducted in an effort to interpret the dimensional configuration of the similarity spaces of simultaneously sounding wind instrument timbres. In the first experiment, subjects rated 10 wind instrument dyads on eight factorially pure semantic differentials from von Bismarck's (1974a) experiments. Results showed that the semantic differentials failed to differentiate among the 10 timbres. The semantic differential methodology was changed to verbal attribute magnitude estimation (VAME), in which a timbre is assigned an amount of a given attribute. This procedure resulted in better differentiation among the 10 timbres, the first factor including attributes such as heavy, hard, and loud, the second factor involving sharp and complex, a contrast with von Bismarck's results. Results of the VAME analysis separated alto saxophone dyads from all others, but mapped only moderately well onto the perceptual similarity spaces. It was suggested that many of the von Bismarck adjectives lacked ecological validity.
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Angleitner, Alois, Fritz Ostendorf, and Oliver P. John. "Towards a taxonomy of personality descriptors in German: A psycho‐lexical study." European Journal of Personality 4, no. 2 (1990): 89–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410040204.
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We present two studies aimed at developing a comprehensive taxonomy of German personality‐descriptive terms. In the first study, all personality‐descriptive adjectives (e.g. cynical), type nouns (e.g. cynic), and attribute nouns (e.g. cynicism) were extracted from a German dictionary. We found that almost half of all German adjectives were potentially personality‐relevant, as contrasted with only 8% of the nouns. Moreover, there were more attribute nouns than type nouns, the latter appearing more slangy, metaphorical, concrete, and rich in imagery (e.g. Big‐mouth, Wooden‐head). In the second study, we discuss basic conceptual distinctions among units ofpersonality description, develop a category system basedon a prototype conception, and present a classification of 5092 adjectives into 13 categories. The classifications were generalizable across both judges and a two‐year time interval, and agreed with a priori expert classifications. An analysis of the prototypical category cores suggested that Evaluations, Temperament and character traits, and Experiential states were represented most extensively in German, whereas Social effects, Roles and relationships, and Appearance were rather infrequent. These findings, though generally similar, differ from Norman's (1967) American taxonomy in the number of Evaluative terms and of Activity descriptors. Our studies provide comprehensive and representative lists of German words for personality traits, moods and emotions, social roles, effects, evaluations, and physical appearance, and may serve as the basis for taxonomies, dimensional analyses, and assessment instruments. We emphasize the need to standardize procedures in taxonomic research and outline suggestions for future studies of other languages.
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Wallmark, Zachary. "Semantic Crosstalk in Timbre Perception." Music & Science 2 (January 1, 2019): 205920431984661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059204319846617.
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Many adjectives for musical timbre reflect cross-modal correspondence, particularly with vision and touch (e.g., “dark–bright,” “smooth–rough”). Although multisensory integration between visual/tactile processing and hearing has been demonstrated for pitch and loudness, timbre is not well understood as a locus of cross-modal mappings. Are people consistent in these semantic associations? Do cross-modal terms reflect dimensional interactions in timbre processing? Here I designed two experiments to investigate crosstalk between timbre semantics and perception through the use of Stroop-type speeded classification. Experiment 1 found that incongruent pairings of instrument timbres and written names caused significant Stroop-type interference relative to congruent pairs, indicating bidirectional crosstalk between semantic and auditory modalities. Pre-Experiment 2 asked participants to rate natural and synthesized timbres on semantic differential scales capturing luminance (brightness) and texture (roughness) associations, finding substantial consistency for a number of timbres. Acoustic correlates of these associations were also assessed, indicating an important role for high-frequency energy in the intensity of cross-modal ratings. Experiment 2 used timbre adjectives and sound stimuli validated in the previous experiment in two variants of a semantic-auditory Stroop-type task. Results of linear mixed-effects modeling of reaction time and accuracy showed slight interference in semantic processing when adjectives were paired with cross-modally incongruent instrument timbres (e.g., the word “smooth” with a “rough” timbre). Taken together, I conclude by suggesting that semantic crosstalk in timbre processing may be partially automatic and could reflect weak synesthetic congruency between interconnected sensory domains.
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Su, Xiangli, and Byungseon Park. "A Study on the Confusing Misuse Distribution Characteristics of Spatial Dimensional Adjectives Based on Chinese Inter-language Corpus." Chinese Language Education and Research 27 (June 30, 2018): 151–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24285/cler.2018.6.27.151.
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Shintani, Natsuko, and Rod Ellis. "Tracking ‘learning behaviours’ in the incidental acquisition of two dimensional adjectives by Japanese beginner learners of L2 English." Language Teaching Research 18, no. 4 (2014): 521–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362168813519885.
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Sardinha, Tony Berber. "A historical characterisation of American and Brazilian cultures based on lexical representations." Corpora 15, no. 2 (2020): 183–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cor.2020.0194.
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The goal of this study is to detect the historical distribution of representations of the United States and Brazil formed around the use of the nationality adjectives American and Brazilian. To achieve this goal, the study used a pre-existing multi-dimensional analysis of representations based on bigrams from the half-a-trillion-word Google Books bigram dataset of English writing ( Berber Sardinha, 2019 ), which provided the major representations of both cultures. The method was based on the text type approach developed by Biber (1989) , which uses cluster analysis to identify the groupings of texts (in this case, the years in which the bigrams occurred) that share similar linguistic characteristics (here, mutual bigrams). The results showed nine major clusters for the US and eight for Brazil. The clusters were interpreted historically and ordered by time to outline the predominant representations of each country over the 200 years’ worth of data analysed.
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Tsybenova, Ch S. "MEANS OF EMOTIVITY EXPRESSION IN THE TUVAN LANGUAGE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF DIMINUTIVES)." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 30, no. 5 (2020): 813–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2020-30-5-813-819.
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The article is devoted to the specifics of the emotional aspect in language. The author considers diminutives of the Tuvan language as linguistic means having emotional expression. The research material shows that diminutives, except their main meaning, can transmit different emotional and expressive significations. The primary way of diminutive word formation in the Tuvan language is an affixation. Diminutives formed with the help of dimensional adjectives and their combinations also have an emotional meaning. It is noted that in semantics of diminutives the positive emotional signification is the most clearly manifested together with affixes of belonging and is closely related to semantics of the derived stem. It is revealed that the negative emotional connotation primarily depends on communicative situation, on general meaning of the statement. Therefore, formation of diminutives’ emotional meaning in the Tuvan language is influenced by conditions of internal and external context.
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Yasa, I. Nyoman. "APPLICATION OF CDA IN ANALYZING LITERARY WORKS IN HIGHER EDUCATION." RETORIKA: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya 14, no. 1 (2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/retorika.v14i1.13958.
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The ability of students to analyze literary works is very weak. An important effort to improve students’ abilities in analyzing literary works is to introduce the CDA approach as an analysis tool for literary works. This study aims to describe, interpret, and explain (1) the ability of students to identify words/phrases/sentences that are praxis in short stories, (2) the ability of students to identify the form of praxis in short stories, and (3) the ability of students to interpret the socio-cultural short stories that have been analyzed. This research uses a three-dimensional technical analysis of Fairclough discourse. The result of this study show that students able to (1) choose praxis words/phrases/sentences, such as adjectives that support binary opposition and words of denial, (2) find the form of short story praxis, such as stereotypes and discrimination, and (3) the socio-cultural dimension of the short story interpreted by students is discursive Balinese ritual tradition of the dead.
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Pruden, Shannon M., and Susan C. Levine. "Parents’ Spatial Language Mediates a Sex Difference in Preschoolers’ Spatial-Language Use." Psychological Science 28, no. 11 (2017): 1583–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797617711968.
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Do boys produce more terms than girls to describe the spatial world—that is, dimensional adjectives (e.g., big, little, tall, short), shape terms (e.g., circle, square), and words describing spatial features and properties (e.g., bent, curvy, edge)? If a sex difference in children’s spatial-language use exists, is it related to the spatial language that parents use when interacting with children? We longitudinally tracked the development of spatial-language production in children between the ages of 14 and 46 months in a diverse sample of 58 parent-child dyads interacting in their homes. Boys produced and heard more of these three categories of spatial words, which we call “what” spatial types (i.e., unique “what” spatial words), but not more of all other word types, than girls. Mediation analysis revealed that sex differences in children’s spatial talk at 34 to 46 months of age were fully mediated by parents’ earlier spatial-language use, when children were 14 to 26 months old, time points at which there was no sex difference in children’s spatial-language use.
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Lücking, Andy, and Alexander Mehler. "A Model of Complexity Levels of Meaning Constitution in Simulation Models of Language Evolution." International Journal of Signs and Semiotic Systems 1, no. 1 (2011): 18–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsss.2011010102.
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Currently, some simulative accounts exist within dynamic or evolutionary frameworks that are concerned with the development of linguistic categories within a population of language users. Although these studies mostly emphasize that their models are abstract, the paradigm categorization domain is preferably that of colors. In this paper, the authors argue that color adjectives are special predicates in both linguistic and metaphysical terms: semantically, they are intersective predicates, metaphysically, color properties can be empirically reduced onto purely physical properties. The restriction of categorization simulations to the color paradigm systematically leads to ignoring two ubiquitous features of natural language predicates, namely relativity and context-dependency. Therefore, the models for simulation models of linguistic categories are not able to capture the formation of categories like perspective-dependent predicates ‘left’ and ‘right’, subsective predicates like ‘small’ and ‘big’, or predicates that make reference to abstract objects like ‘I prefer this kind of situation’. The authors develop a three-dimensional grid of ascending complexity that is partitioned according to the semiotic triangle. They also develop a conceptual model in the form of a decision grid by means of which the complexity level of simulation models of linguistic categorization can be assessed in linguistic terms.
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Najihah, Finda Muftihatun. "THE IDEOLOGICAL CONCEPT OF BEAUTY REFLECTED ON BODY CARE ADVERTISEMENTS." PARADIGM 3, no. 1 (2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/prdg.v3i1.9190.
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<p align="justify">This study investigates the application of Critical Discourse Analysis to the body care advertisements. In this study, the focus is on the discourse and the text of advertisement which create the ideological concept of beauty. The theory used is Fairclough’s three dimensional framework which concentrates on the textual features, discursive practice, and discourse as social practice. The discourses of body care advertisements which are analyzed are from three brands; Oriflame, Wardah and Nivea. Methodologically, descriptive qualitative is used in this study as the research design because the purpose of this study is to provide a deep analysis of the data. The findings reveal that the use of adjectives has two main functions, to describe the product and to describe the result after using the product. In addition, the presence of the verbs has function to describe the work and the quality of the products advertised. Furthermore, the most pronouns used in the advertisements is “your” which has function to directly point at the reader so the reader will fell engaged to the advertisement. In discursive techniques the finding shows there are nine techniques used to promote the products advertised. They are using natural resources ingredients or by giving clinical test proof, exposure of the existing content, self-representations, unrealistic representations through the exaggeration language, puffery which contain the discourse which is subjective without giving credible evidence, the use of emotive words, celebrity endorsement, the simple discourse used and the last is by offering discount sale on the product advertised. It is also found that the ideological concept of beauty is emerged by the limitation of the concept beauty on the discourse and image of beauty advertisements. The concept of beauty is divided into 3, the concept of eyes, ideal skin, and ideal lip. </p>
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Butar Butar, Mei Lastri E. F., Anni Holila Pulungan, and Rahmad Husein. "A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON ORIFLAME CATALOGUE BEAUTY PRODUCT ADVERTISEMENTS." LINGUISTIK TERAPAN 16, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/lt.v16i1.15726.
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The aims of this study are to investigate linguistic features, to describe the discursive techniques and to describe social implications that are used in oriflame catalogue beauty product advertisements. This research was conducted by using qualitative research design. The data of this study were texts on oriflame beauty product advertisements. The data analyzed by using three dimensional nature of critical analysis as preceded by Fairclough. There are three dimensional frameworks of analysis that are description/ text analysis, interpretation/process and explanation/social. The findings are (1) there were 7 out of 8 kind of linguistic features were found in oriflame catalogue beauty product advertisements. the most dominant linguistic feature used in the advertisement is adjective, (2) there were 9 discursive techniques that found in the second level analysis, the most technique used in the advertisements is emotive word.Keywords: Critical Discourse Analysis, Advertisement, Linguistic Feature, Discursive Technique, Social Implication
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Sękowski, Michał, Łukasz Subramanian, and Magdalena Żemojtel-Piotrowska. "Are narcissists resilient? Examining grandiose and vulnerable narcissism in the context of a three-dimensional model of resilience." Current Psychology, March 23, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01577-y.
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AbstractIn this paper, we focused on the poorly understood and rarely researched relationship between resilience and narcissism, adopting the adjective-based measures of narcissism. We examine how levels of resilience are related to grandiose and vulnerable narcissism, based on a three-dimensional model of resilience (i.e., ecological resilience, engineering resilience, and adaptive capacity). Using self-report, cross-sectional data from a general Polish sample (N = 657), we found that grandiose narcissism was positively related to all three dimensions of resilience, while vulnerable narcissism was negatively related to them. Grandiose narcissism was most strongly associated with adaptive capacity where vulnerable narcissism was mostly strongly associated with engineering resilience. We discuss our findings in relation to the function of two forms of narcissism may yield different capacities for stress management and recovery after experiencing stressful events. Therefore, this research is focused on self-report and we look forward to expand our research by behavioral indices in the future.
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Pooh, Ritsuko Kimata, and Asim Kurjak. "Novel application of three-dimensional HDlive imaging in prenatal diagnosis from the first trimester." Journal of Perinatal Medicine 43, no. 2 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2014-0157.
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AbstractRecent development of three-dimensional (3D) high definition (HD) ultrasound has resulted in remarkable progress in visualization of early embryos and fetuses in sonoembryology. The new technology of HDlive assesses both structural and functional developments in the first trimester with greater reliably than two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound. The ability to visualize not only fetal face, hands, fingers, feet, and toes, but also amniotic membranes, is better with volumetric ultrasound than 2D ultrasound. In this article, detailed and comprehensive structures of normal and abnormal fetuses depicted by 3D HDlive are presented, including various faces of Down’s syndrome and holoprosencephaly, as well as low-set ear and finger/toe abnormalities from the first trimester. Three-dimensional HDlive further “humanizes” the fetus, enables detailed observation of the fetal face in the first trimester as shown in this article, and reveals that a small fetus is not more a fetus but a “person” from the first trimester. There has been an immense acceleration in understanding of early human development. The anatomy and physiology of embryonic development is a field where medicine exerts greatest impact on early pregnancy at present, and it opens fascinating aspects of embryonic differentiation. Clinical assessment of those stages of growth relies heavily on 3D/four-dimensional (4D) HDlive, one of the most promising forms of noninvasive diagnostics and embryological phenomena, once matters for textbooks are now routinely recorded with outstanding clarity. New advances deserve the adjective “breathtaking”, including 4D parallel study of the structural and functional early human development.
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Bochnak, M. Ryan. "Scale exhaustivity and the Modification Condition." Semantics and Linguistic Theory, April 3, 2015, 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v0i0.2677.
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This paper pursues a Vector Space Semantics (VSS) analysis of evaluative and extreme adjectives in absolute and comparative constructions, with a particular emphasis on the licensing of measure phrases (MPs) in these environments. I show that the Modification Condition (Winter 2005), which restricts the distribution of MPs with locative/directional PPs and dimensional adjectives, can be extended to account for MP licensing with evaluative and extreme adjectives as well. Importantly, the non-satisfaction of the Modification Condition is entailed when a set of vectors does not exhaust the range of possible values on a particular scale. This observation thus allows us to link a long-standing generalization that scale exhaustivity and MP licensing are crucially related (Bierwisch 1989) with the formal denotational properties of certain linguistic expressions.
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Fábregas, Antonio. "On the Locative Reading of Dimensional Adjectives and the Internal Syntax of Estar." Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 7, no. 1 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/shll-2014-1157.
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., Astakhov O. Yu. "Subject Content of Culturological Knowledge." KnE Social Sciences, March 3, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kss.v4i5.6503.
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The article considers the issues of subject characteristics of culture supplementing its object content. The author notes that importance of implementing subject content of culturological knowledge is dictated by necessity for overcoming a one-dimensional consideration of culture. Therefore, the author proves the importance of realizing its duality in the aspect of adjectival and the substantive characteristics dictating communication between subject and object content of culture.
 Keywords: social and scientific cultural study, humanitarian cultural study, subject content of culture, object content of culture.
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Kadhim Bairmani, Haider, and Raith Zeher Abid. "The Integration of Phrasal Verbs in the Critical Analysis of Discourse." Journal of Education College Wasit University 2, no. 2 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/eduj.vol2.iss2.897.
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Virtually all the frameworks that are used in the critical analysis of discourse, such as, Fairclough’s three-dimensional modal, Wodak’s discourse historical approach, van Dijk’s ideological square theory, van Leeuwen’s theory of the representation of social actors, and so on, typically focus on prenominal and predicative adjectives, transitivity structures, presuppositions, pseudo titles, metaphors, etcetera. However, there is no framework or research that have used phrasal verbs or even explored the viability of its function in the critical analysis of discourse. This study demonstrated how critical phrasal verbs analysis can be employed to analyse political, spoken, and media discourse. The results showed that phrasal verbs are used pervasively in Bush’s political discourse to emphasize the power of America in eliminating enemies.