Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dimères'
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Boutillier, Cédric. "Modèles de dimères : comportements limites." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011334.
Full textDans la première partie, on étudie le comportement d'un tel système près de la transition liquide-solide. En examinant le cas du réseau hexagonal, nous exhibons deux types de comportements limites. Le premier est une collection de chemins aléatoires conditionnés à s'éviter. Le deuxième, le modèle du collier de perles, est un processus ponctuel sur ZxR. Ces deux modèles limites ont pour marginales le processus déterminantal sur R avec noyau sinus, décrivant aussi les valeurs propres des grandes matrices aléatoires de l'ensemble GUE. Le modèle du collier de perles est universel : on montre qu'il est la limite de tout modèle de dimères sur un graphe planaire biparti périodique.
Dans une deuxième partie, on étudie la statistique des motifs dessinés par des dimères. Les fluctuations de densité d'un motif convergent à la limite d'échelle vers un champ gaussien. Dans le cas liquide, l'objet limite est la somme d'une dérivée du champ libre et d'un bruit blanc indépendant. Pour une mesure gazeuse, la limite est juste un bruit blanc.
Enfin, on aborde un problème de dénombrement de chemins sur le graphe-échelle, lié à l'étude du noyau de la chaleur sur le groupe de l'allumeur de réverbères, ainsi qu'à celle des opérateurs de Schrödinger aléatoires.
Russier, Isabelle. "Etude spectroscopique des dimères de lithium." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10013.
Full textLaslier, Benoît. "Dynamique stochastique d'interface discrète et modèles de dimères." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01044463.
Full textLaslier, Benoît. "Dynamique stochastique d’interface discrète et modèles de dimères." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10110/document.
Full textWe studied the Glauber dynamics on tilings of finite regions of the plane by lozenges or 2 × 1 dominoes. These tilings are naturally associated with surfaces of R^3, which can be seen as interfaces in statistical physics models. In particular, lozenge tilings correspond to three dimensional Ising model at zero temperature. More precisely, tilings of a finite regions are in bijection with Ising configurations with some boundary conditions (depending on the tiled domain). These boundary conditions impose the coexistence of the + and - phases, together with the position of the boundary of the interface. In the thermodynamic limit where L, the characteristic length of the system, tends toward infinity, these interface follow a law of large number and converge to a deterministic limit shape depending only on the boundary condition. When the limit shape is planar and for lozenge tilings, Caputo, Martinelli and Toninelli [CMT12] showed that the mixing time of the dynamics is of order (L^{2+o(1)}) (diffusive scaling). We generalized this result to domino tilings, always in the case of a planar limit shape. We also proved a lower bound Tmix ≥ cL^2 which improve on the result of [CMT12] by a log factor. When the limit shape is not planar, it can either be analytic or have some “frozen” domains where it is degenerated in a sense. When it does not have such frozen region, and for lozenge tilings, we showed that the Glauber dynamics becomes “macroscopically close” to equilibrium in a time L^{2+o(1)}
Longueville, Willy. "Dynamique moléculaire d'un cristal plastique de dimères : l'acide pivalique." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10188.
Full textTardy, Bernard. "Utilité des D-Dimères ELISA dans la prise en charge diagnostique et thérapeutique des thromboses veineuses." Saint-Etienne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STET011T.
Full textFerrand, Damien. "Synthèse, polymérisation et copolymérisation de dimères acryliques : application à la stabilisation de dispersions de TiO2 en milieu organique." Mulhouse, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MULH0403.
Full textCostalat, Robert. "Photophysique de l'induction de dimères de thymine par des psoralènes." Paris 13, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA13A001.
Full textMichaud, Sandra. "Les dimères de thymine : de leur photosensibilisation à leur photoréversion." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/323/.
Full textFew photosensitizers are likely to induce triplet-triplet energy transfer with DNA, leading to thymine dimers formation. Indeed, the compound must display a high intersystem crossing quantum yield and a triplet state energy higher than that of thymine, base which have the lowest triplet state energy in DNA. The purpose of this PhD work was first to establish the ability of three non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ketoprofen, tiaprofenic acid and naproxen, to induce thymine dimers formation. Major involvement of photoproducts in this lesion photosensitization showed the importance to consider photochemistry of compounds which are not stables photochemically. Photophysical study of these products allowed us to make a new estimation of thymine triplet state energy in DNA. The second part concerned photosensitization of oxidative damages on DNA by these same compounds, especially oxidative damages by electron transfer mechanisms. If it is predominant for ketoprofen derivatives, it is in competition with hydroxyle radicals in the case of tiaprofenic acid and naproxen family. A correlation between photobiological and photoredox properties was done. At the same time, studies taking aim at designing artificial photolyases, able to induce thymine dimers repair, were driven. This work concerned phthalocyanines whose redox potential were variables thanks to metallation
Scribano, Johann. "Etude théorique du dimère de l'eau (H2O)2 et de son rôle dans l'atmosphère." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20019.
Full textIn this thesis, we have computed the equilibrium constant for the water dimerization process and thes absorption coefficient of the water dimer. These calculations were realized by considering all the rovibrational bound states up to dissociation and for high angular momentum values. We have used an extrapolation scheme to compute the rotational energy and transition dipole matrix for higher levels. We have found that our results are in good agreements with avalaible experimentals values for the equilibrium constant. The second pert of this thesis presents a new flexible potential energy surface obtained by means of stochastic optimisation. Our soectroscopic and thermodynamics results are in good agreement with experimentals values. Finally, we present a semi-classical formulation of the equilibrium constant which takes into account the metastables states of the water dimer and which is very eficient in terms of computational cost
Pérez, Marie-Claire. "Etude de la réactivité de différentes laccases fongiques. Application à la polymérisation de phénols." Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX30058.
Full textJolibois, Henri. "Les Phénoxychlorostannanes : Synthèses, étude et réactivité : Etude de la réaction des esters phénoliques p-substitués sur le chlorure d'étain." Université de Franche-Comté. UFR des sciences et techniques, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BESA2005.
Full textMilanetto, Schlittler Thiago. "Etude de modèles de dimères et partitions quantiques sur réseaux hexagonaux." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066120/document.
Full textThe quantum dimer models (QDM's) have a series of interesting behaviors, such as topological order and spin liquid phases. In this thesis, we study these models for an honeycomb lattice, and also their equivalence with the partition problems, a subject of the domain of combinatorics. Firstly, we study the RK model, for which the question on whenever one of its phases is gapped or not was still open. We describe an Monte-Carlo algorithm that allows to, among other results, access this gap directly. Secondly, we propose a generalization of this model. We find a more complex phase diagram, with phase transitions between the different topological sectors, and compatible with the Cantor deconfinement. Thirdly, we study the application of the RK model to honeycomb lattices associated to the planar partition problems. This imposes new boundary conditions, and we find a new model behavior. We also propose a méthod that uses the properties of the partition problem's configuration space to reduce the complexity of the QDM. Finally, we modelize the problems of classical crystal corner growth and melting with the formalism of the partition problems, finding a smooth transition between the limit interfaces of type "amoebae" and the arctic circle
Salami, Houssam. "Étude des spectres électroniques et courbes de potentiel de dimères alcalins hétéronucléaires." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00382009.
Full textAnguelov, Antonio. "Les D-dimères dans l'exclusion de la thrombose veineuse profonde en gériatrie." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA130024.
Full textPaubert, Marc. "Préparation et étude d'agents tensio-actifs dérivés d'acides gras monomères et dimères." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT048G.
Full textNolivos, Sophie. "Étude du mécanisme de résolution des dimères de chromosomes chez les streptocoques." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1232/.
Full textMost known bacteria harbour a unique circular chromosome. Recombination between sister chromosome during replication may fuse them into a single DNA molecule called a chromosome dimer. Dimers are resolved to monomers by Xer site-specific recombination. In Escherichia coli it consists of two recombinases, XerC and XerD acting at a specific dif site located in the replication terminus. The Xer recombination system is controlled by the septum associated protein, FtsK. FtsK is a DNA translocase oriented by specific motif of the chromosome, named KOPS. The polarity of the KOPS is skewed and revers at dif site, hence FtsK is always directed toward the recombination site. Homolog of XerC, XerD an FtsK proteins, as well as a dif site, are find in most bacteria suggesting that the machinery of recombination and its control are well conserved. However, in the Streptococci family of bacteria, dimer resolution uses a single recombinase, XerS, which acts at an atypical dif site, difSL. This manuscript concerns the study of the mechanism and control of Xer recombination in Lactoccocus lactis, a member of the Streptococci family. In a first part we demonstrate, in vitro, that using a single recombinase does not change the mode of binding and recombination at the specific site, by comparison with the "classical" E. Coli Xer recombination system. Furthermore, we show in vivo that the L. Lactis Xer system is controlled by FtsK but that activation of recombination is achieved by a different mechanism. In a second part, we investigate the orientation of FtsK translocation. We demonstrate, by combining in silico, in vitro and in vivo approaches, that orientation by skew motifs is conserved in L. Lactis but that the sequence and length of the motif used is different from known systems
Trousselet, Fabien. "Modèles de dimères classiques et quantiques pour des systèmes d'électrons corrélés bidimensionnels." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/933/.
Full textThis thesis treats various topics about strongly correlated electronic systems in 2 spatial dimensions (compounds with geometrical frustration, resonating valence bond phases) described in terms of dimer models. A part of this thesis discusses classical dimer models, and especially an interacting dimer model on an anisotropic triangular lattice, presenting critical phases descriptible with help of conformal field theories; based on these theories, the numerical analysis of this model allowed to characterize the conditions for the existence of criticality, and more generally the phase diagram in function of interaction parameters and of the lattice anisotropy. Another part treats a system of electrons on a two-dimensional version (checkerboard lattice) of the pyrochlore lattice, at commensurable particle filling. In a strong interacting limit, local constraints on charge repartition are those of dimers on the square lattice, thus an effective quantum dimer model is derivated. This model differs from the Rokhsar-Kivelson model (motivated by resonating valence bond phases in cuprates) by, here, an additional spin degree of freedom for each dimer. A study with exact diagonalisation, completed by a variational approach and arguments from from perturbation theory, allowed to identify an insulating crystal phase of resonating singlets; an extension of this model to small but finite electron mobility was eventually consitered with the aim to characterize the transition from this insulator to a metallic state when increasing the ration of the electron mobility over interaction strength
Kaldapa. "Les porphyrines dimères glucosylées : de nouveaux photosensibilisateurs pour la photothérapie des cancers." Limoges, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIMO0007.
Full textAllegra, Nicolas. "Propriétés critiques des modèles de dimères, de chaînes de spin et d’interfaces." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0203/document.
Full textThe study carried in this thesis concerns classical and quantum critical phenomena. Indeed, critical behaviors and phase transitions are fundamental topics in modern statistical physics and field theory and we propose in this thesis to study some models which exhibit such behaviors both at equilibrium and out of equilibrium. In the first part of the thesis, some properties of the two-dimensional dimer model are studied. This model has been studied extensively in the statistical physics and mathematical communities and a lot of applications in condensed matter physics exist. Here we propose to focus on exact solutions of the model and conformal invariance in order to have a deep understanding of this model in presence of monomers, and/or boundaries. The same kind of tools are then used to explore another important phenomenon appearing in dimer models and spin chains: the arctic circle. The goal was to find a proper field theoretical description of this phenomenon using exact solutions and asymptotic analysis. The second part of the thesis concerns out of equilibrium critical phenomena in the context of interface growth models. This field of research is very important nowadays, mainly because of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation and its relations with random matrix ensembles. The phenomenology of these models in presence of boundaries is studied via exact solutions and numerical simulations, we show that surprising behaviors appear close to the boundaries
Legros, Vanessa. "Conception et synthèse de nouveaux dimères de cyclodextrines, structures covalentes et associations supramoléculaires." Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2330.
Full textCyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides, characterized by their ability to include molecules of interests inside their cavity. CDs have been used as solubilizing, inclusion or protection compounds in many applications. CDs dimers were shown to exhibit larger inclusion constants than the parents monomers. In this work, we focused on the formation of new supramolecular or covalent assemblies of cyclodextrins. In a first part, the molecular recognition capability of nucleobases was used in order to form supramolecular assemblies of CDs. The synthesis of cyclodextrin derivatives functionalized with adenine, thymine and guanine was performed by two different routes: alkylation and click chemistry. As guanine is well known to self-assemble into hydrogen-bonded cyclic tetramers, the so called G-quartet, this property was used to construct G-quartet/CDs assemblies. Nevertheless the formation of G-quartet/CDs was not observed by 1H NMR and DOSY. In a second part, were performed the synthesis of covalent dimers of CDs. We first used the capability of thymine to dimerize under the influence of light radiation. This ability was used to synthesize covalent reversible CDs dimers. We could show the formation of CDs dimers from the CD-T derivative by photochemical reaction. Then, the synthesis of CDs dimers bridged by glycerol-type spacers was achieved by click chemistry. The formation of pseudo-rotaxanes was observed during the characterization of these dimers, particularly the one having the longest chain
Bonnet, Pascal. "Etude par modélisation moléculaire de dimères de cyclodextrines et de leurs complexes d'inclusion." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3114.
Full textEn este trabajo, estudiamos la preferencia de la orientación que adopten dos moléculas de CD con la finalidad de comprender las interacciones intermoleculares responsables. La agregación preferencial de dímeros de a-, b- y g-CD en ausencia de disolvente se estudió en primer lugar considerando las tres orientaciones más probables Head-Head, Head-Tail y Tail-Tail. En segundo lugar, se procedió al estudio de los mismos dímeros en un medio similar al biológico, es decir en presencia de moléculas de agua, para averiguar la orientación preferencial en disolución gracias a los resultados de los cálculos de energía de interacción y de las interacciones responsables de sus formaciones.
Una vez realizado este estudio, pasamos al estudio teórico del complejo supramolecular de esteoquimetría 2:1, formado por un dímero g-CD con el fullereno (C60) para averiguar las fuerzas responsables que favorecen la formación de este complejo en medio acuoso cambiando el campo de fuerza.
Finalmente, estudiamos por modelización molecular la separación de los enantiómeros de la benzoina utilizados en electroforesis capilar. Los disolventes quirales utilizando teórica y experimentalmente fueron ciclodextrinas aniónicas (mono y tetrasulfobutiléter-b- CD) y neutras permetil-b- CD). Se estudiaron las posibles agrupaciones y estequiometrías (1:1 y 2:1) de los complejos para racionalizar las enantiodiferenciación, en base a la energía de interacción entre la benzoina y las ciclodextrinas.
Todos los cálculos se llevaron a cabo mediante los programas de modelización molecular AMBER, Macromodel y MM3, en los supercomputadores del Centro de Supercomputación de Catalunya (CESCA).
Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligomers of several a-D-glucopyranose units .The toroidal macrocyclic shape defines two clear spatial regions, a hydrophilic external wall and a hydrophobic cavity. They are well known to act as hosts in supramolecular chemistry having the capability to form inclusión complexes with a large variety of organic molecules (the guest), generally with a 1:1 stoichiometry between host and guest. Nevertheless, complexes formed with large guests usually have 2:1 stoichiometries.
Our work has been carried out to detemine the preferential orientation of the cyclodextrin dimers and to understand the responsible intermolecular interactions. The preferential aggregation of two a-, b- and g-cyclodextrin molecules in the absence fo solvent have been studied in a first part, considering the three most likely orientations: Head-Head, Head-Tail and Tail-Tail. In a second part, the cyclodextrin dimers have been studied using water as explicit solvent with the aim of determing their preferential orientation in water solution by studying the binding energy and the interactions responsible for their informations.
As one 2:1 complex, the supramolecular complexation of the fullerene C60 in a g-cyclodextrin dimer has been studied. The force field for the fullerene has been changed to correctly consider its intramolecular interactions.
Also, thanks to some experimental results of capillary electrophoresis, we have reproduced and analysed the enantiodifferenciation of an inclusion complex formed by different cyclodextrin dimers and one chiral molecule: the benzoine. Different stoichiometries, different derived cyclodextrins (as permethyl-b-cyclodextrin, monosulfated-b-cyclodextrin and tetrasulfatedb-cyclodextrin), and different orientations of the complex (as Head-Head and Head-Tail) have been studied. Moreover, in each case the two posible orientations of the benzoine incide the cyclodextrin cavity were also considered.
All of the simulations have been carried out on using MM3, MacroModel and AMBER force fields in the Supercomputing Center of Catalonia (CESCA).
Bijaoui, Alexandra. "Intérêt du dosage des D-dimères dans le diagnostic de la maladie thromboembolique." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P126.
Full textTilière, Béatrice de. "Dimères sur les graphes isoradiaux et modèle d'interfaces aléatoires en dimension 2+2." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112268.
Full textThe dimer model represents diatomic molecules adsorbed on the surface of a crystal. We suppose that the lattice satisfies a geometric condition called isoradiality, moreover we assume that the critical weight function is assigned to edges of the lattice. The model then has a "critical" behavior, i. E. It can be in 2 different phases, solid or liquid, instead of 3 in general. Our three main results on the isoradial dimer model are the following. We prove an explicit formula for the growth rate of the partition function of the natural exhaustion of the infinite lattice, and for the maximal entropy Gibbs measure. The interesting feature of those two formulas lies in the fact that they only depend on the local structure of the graph. We believe this locality property to be specific of the isoradial case. Geometrically, dimer configurations can be interpreted as discrete surfaces described by one height function. We show that when the surfaces are chosen with respect to the maximal entropy Gibbs measure, the height function converges to a Gaussian free field. We introduce the triangular quadri-tile dimer model, where quadri-tilings are tilings by quadrilaterals made of adjacent right triangles. We show that this model is the superposition of two dimer models, and interpret it geometrically as surfaces of dimension 2 in a space of dimension 4. We study this model in the "critical" phase. We prove an explicit formula for the growth rate of the total partition function, and for a measure on the space of all quadri-tilings. It is the first random interface model in dimension 2+2 for which those kind of results can be obtained
Vanucci, Corinne. "Etude photochimique de dimères modèles de lignine en solution et à l'état adsorbé." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10653.
Full textKuchumov, Nikolai. "Formes limites pour le modèle de dimères dans des domaines non simplement connexes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS281.
Full textThis thesis consists of three parts, the goal of the first part is to study random domino tilings of a multiply-connected domain with a height function defined on the universal covering space of the domain. We establish a large deviation principle for the height function in two asymptotic regimes. The first regime covers all domino tilings of the domain. A law of large numbers for height change in this regime will also be derived. The second regime covers domino tilings with a given asymptotic height change.The second part of thesis is an extension of the first part. We prove the existence of a limit shape for the dimer model on planar periodic bipartite graphs with an arbitrary fundamental domain and arbitrary periodic weights.The third part is devoted to computation of the arctic curve of the multiply-connected Aztec diamond in two regimes. The first regime, called an unconstrained case, corresponds to the uniform measure on a set of domino tilings. The second regime, constrained case, puts a condition on the height change of domino tilings
Hussein, Khaled. "Etude à grande distance internucléaire de l'état fondamental des molécules Na2 et KH et transferts collisionnels résonnants entre états électroniques de Na2 et Li2." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO19024.
Full textBouty, Olivier. "Energie d'interaction d'échange à grande distance internucléaire dans une molécule diatomique." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10100.
Full textVandel, Laurence. "Analyse du potentiel transformant des facteurs de transcription de la famille Jun : utilisation de variants agissant sous forme homodimérique." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO1T293.
Full textAller, Pierre. "Etude du domaine transmembranaire de récepteur tyrosine kinase dans un environnement membranaire : aspects structuraux et mécanistiques explorés par dynamique moléculaire." Orléans, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ORLE2034.
Full textAci, Samia. "Etude par simulation de dynamique moléculaire de la variabilité conformationnelle du dimère de la séquence SL1 du génome de VIH-1." Orléans, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008151v3.
Full textGangneux, Laure. "Le site d'initiation de dimérisation des ARN rétroviraux : influence de la séquence du site d'initiation dans la dimérisation de l'ARN provenant d'isolats différents du rétrovirus d'immunodéficience humaine : VIH-1 Lai et VIH-1 Mal." Orléans, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ORLE2040.
Full textCortez, Diego. "Amélioration des méthodes pour la détection des éléments intégrés dans les génomes de bactéries et d’archaeaÉtude du système Xer-dif chez les Archaea." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112111.
Full textArchaea, the third domain of life, have circular chromosomes and active homologous recombination. Therefore, archaea should harbour a mechanism to solve dimeric chromosomes and overcome this obstacle on their cell cycle. Here we have identified putative dif-like sites in different archaeal chromosomes. The XerA protein is highly active and specific recombining two dif sites. Our results show that the Xer/dif were already present at the base of Bacteria and Archaea, although, we failed to determine whether this is due to an ancient horizontal gene transfer between domains or because the system was already present in LUCA. Archaeal and bacterial genomes contain a number of genes of foreign origin that arose from recent horizontal gene transfer, but the role of integrative elements, such as viruses, plasmids, and transposable elements, in this process has not been extensively quantified. We have performed a large-scale survey of potential recently acquired integrative elements in 119 archaeal and bacterial genomes. Our results strongly indicate that archaeal and bacterial genomes contain an impressive proportion of recently acquired foreign genes (including ORFans) coming from a still largely unexplored reservoir of integrative elements
Azizi, Sihem. "Etude des propriétés électroniques de dimères d'alcalins. Application à la formation de molécules froides." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012184.
Full textL'un des objectifs de ce travail consiste en l'obtention de données moléculaires adaptées à l'interprétation de processus collisionnels. Nous avons entrepris une étude systématique des ions moléculaires alcalins, en nous attachant à évaluer la précision des résultats en fonction des hypothèses retenues. Nous avons comparé nos résultats obtenus avec une méthode de pseudopotentiel, pour les ions lourds Rb2+, Cs2+ et RbCs+ à ceux obtenus avec une méthode de potentiel modèle.
Les taux de photoassociation de paires d'atomes mixtes d'alcalins et les taux de formation de molécules froides des dimères dans leur état fondamental ont été calculés avec une approche perturbative où les fonctions d'onde sont exactement déterminées. Ces taux ont la même grandeur pour tous les dimères contenant les atomes Rb et Cs.
Les taux de formation de molécules froides sont similaires à ceux mesurés et calculés pour les molécules de Cs2. Nous avons étudié le cas spécifique de la photoassociation dans deux états excités couplés par une interaction spin-orbite mettant en relief le rôle du couplage résonnant dans la formation de molécules froides stables dans des niveaux peu excités.
Lampre, Isabelle. "Propriétés photophysiques de dimères formés par des sels de triarylpyrylium : étude expérimentale et théorique." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA112504.
Full textMazoyer, Stéphane. "Synthèse et évaluation biologique de dimères et de tétramères acridiniques pontés en positions latérales." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30015.
Full textAzizi, Sihem. "Etude des propriétés électroniques de dimères d’alcalins : application à la formation de molécules froides." Paris 11, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012184.
Full textThe alkaline dimers and their cations have been studied previously with classical spectroscopy techniques and photoassociation of cold atoms. One of the goals of this study was to obtain molecular data appropriate to the interpretation of collisionnal processes. We did a systematic study of molecular alkaline ions while assessing the precision of the results depending on the hypothesis which had been chosen. We compared our results obtained with a pseudopotential method with those obtained with a potential method for the heavy ions Rb2+, Cs2+ and RbCs+. The rates of photoassociation of mixed alkali dimers, as well as the rates of formation of cold molecules in the ground stats, were calculated using a perturbative approach for which the wavefunctions are exactly determined. These rates have the same magnitude for all the heteronuclear dimers contained Rb and Cs atoms. The rates of cold molecules formation are similar to those mesured and computed for Cs2 molecules. We studied the specific case of photoassociation in two states coupled by a spin-orbit interaction who emphasizes the role of the resonant coupling in the formation of stable cold molecules in levels weakly excited
Iskandar, Waêl. "Étude des collisions à basse énergie entre ions multichargés et dimères de gaz rare." Caen, 2015. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01243329.
Full textWithin this thesis, the dynamics of collisions between low energy multi-charged ions and Van-der-Waals dimers is investigated theoretically and experimentally. During the interaction ion/dimer, electrons from the target can be captured by the projectile and produce ionic states of the dimer. These states will then relax into charged fragments via multiple dissociation processes. Experimentally, this study is performed by means of Cold-Target Recoil-Ion Momentum Spectroscopy, a powerful technique which allows the multi-coincidence detection of target ionic fragments and the projectile. Theoretically, the collision dynamics is investigated using a classical calculation based on the Coulombic Over-Barrier Model and adapted to treat diatomic molecules such as dimers. This model has shown good agreement with the experimental results, both in terms of relative production of the different dissociation processes, and in terms of angular dependence of the molecular orientation in respect with the scattered projectile direction. All of this work has finally enabled to provide, for the different processes, the two-dimensional probability maps p(b) in the molecular frame and to highlight a new relaxation mechanism of the molecular ion named Interatomic Coulombic Decay. This relaxation process is electron emitter of very low energy and could have a significant role in the assessment of damage caused by ion impact
Sun, Wangru. "Modèle de forêts enracinées sur des cycles et modèle de perles via les dimères." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS007/document.
Full textThe dimer model, also known as the perfect matching model, is a probabilistic model originally introduced in statistical mechanics. A dimer configuration of a graph is a subset of the edges such that every vertex is incident to exactly one edge of the subset. A weight is assigned to every edge, and the probability of a configuration is proportional to the product of the weights of the edges present. In this thesis we mainly study two related models and in particular their limiting behavior. The first one is the model of cycle-rooted-spanning-forests (CRSF) on tori, which is in bijection with toroidal dimer configurations via Temperley's bijection. This gives rise to a measure on CRSF. In the limit that the size of torus tends to infinity, the CRSF measure tends to an ergodic Gibbs measure on the whole plane. We study the connectivity property of the limiting object, prove that it is determined by the average height change of the limiting ergodic Gibbs measure and give a phase diagram. The second one is the bead model, a random point field on $\mathbb{Z}\times\mathbb{R}$ which can be viewed as a scaling limit of dimer model on a hexagon lattice. We formulate and prove a variational principle similar to that of the dimer model \cite{CKP01}, which states that in the scaling limit, the normalized height function of a uniformly chosen random bead configuration lies in an arbitrarily small neighborhood of a surface $h_0$ that maximizes some functional which we call as entropy. We also prove that the limit shape $h_0$ is a scaling limit of the limit shapes of a properly chosen sequence of dimer models. There is a map form bead configurations to standard tableaux of a (skew) Young diagram, and the map is measure preserving if both sides take uniform measures. The variational principle of the bead model yields the existence of the limit shape of a random standard Young tableau, which generalizes the result of \cite{PR}. We derive also the existence of an arctic curve of a discrete point process that encodes the standard tableaux, raised in \cite{Rom}
Ben, Abderrahman Moufida. "Oxydation d'ions carboxylates : déshydrodimérisation et synthèse d'amidoesters." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO11691.
Full textCérède, Odile. "Etudes des mécanismes moléculaires de l'invasion des cellules hotes par Toxoplasma gondii : rôle des protéines de micronèmes." Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUR3804.
Full textCell invasion by apicomplexan is associated ith secretion of microneme proteins. We have investigated the role of two soluble MIC1 and MIC3 proteins, which have affinity for cell surface. We have developped an original MIC3 binding essay by transfection of mammalian cells. The receptor binding site of MIC3 is located in the N-terminal chitin binding-like domain, which remains poorly accessible until the adjacent propetide has been cleaved, and shown that binding requires dimerization. Two aromatic amino acids in this domain have been identified to be crucial for binding to cells. Mic1KO, mic1-3KO or mic1-3KO parasites have been genetically engineered. While individual disruption of MIC1 or MIC3 genes slightly reduced virulence, doubly depleted parasites were markedly impaired in virulence and confered protection against oral cyst challenge. Deletion of the MIC1 gene alone affected fibroblast invasion. MIC3 binding function is crucial for expression of virulence
Bonné, Marie Laetitia. "Etude de la translocase à ADN FtsK et de ses interactions avec les recombinases XerCD chez Escherichia coli." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112259.
Full textIn bacteria harbouring circular chromosomes, the formation of chromosomes dimer due to homologous recombination can block DNA segregation at cell division. In E. Coli, 2 tyrosine recombinases, XerC and XerD, resolve chromosome dimers by site specific recombination at dif. The strands cleaved by XerC and D are called top and bottom strands, respectively. When DNA is trapped at the septum, a DNA translocase, FtsK, loads on specific DNA motifs, the KOPS, skewed on the 2 chromosome replichores. Dif is located at the junction of KOPS polarity. FtsK pumps DNA until dif sites are brought together, and activates recombination via a direct interaction with XerD. I wanted to know what in the structure of DNA is important for DNA translocation and Xer recombination activation by FtsK. I monitored the activity of FtsK using Xer recombination on synthetic double stranded DNA substrates containing single stranded gaps and its capacity to displace forked DNA structures. Results indicate a top/bottom asymmetry in the effect of single strand gaps. Preferential contacts with one strand of DNA are essential for FtsK activation of Xer recombination, even if FtsK can translocate on single strand DNA. Moreover, FtsK translocation should stop when it reaches dif or contacts one or both recombinases, to allow recombination activation. I monitored the efficiency of FtsK translocation in vitro in the presence or absence of dif and/or XerCD, and in vivo on plasmids. Data indicate that both XerC and XerD block FtsK translocation but not dif
Rachez, Christophe. "Détermiants structuraux du récepteurs humain alpha de l'acide rétinoïque (RAR) impliqués dans la dimérisation et la liaisin à l'ADN." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-89.pdf.
Full textDescamps-Francois, Carole. "Conception et synthèse de ligands mélatoninergiques sélectifs du sous-type MT 1." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-420.pdf.
Full textEn appliquant le principe de bioisosterie a l'heterocycle indolique de la melatonine, et en utilisant les relations structure - affinite-activite, nous avons concu et synthetise differents ligands melatoninergiques : - dans un premier temps, nous avons introduit diverses chaines alkyles lineaires fonctionnalisees en position 7 de l'analogue naphtalenique. - dans un deuxieme temps, nous avons synthetise des derives homodimeriques espaces par une chaine carbonee de longueur variable. Sur le compose le plus interessant, nous avons ensuite realise des pharmacomodulations au niveau de la fonction acetamide. - enfin, nous avons prepare des heterodimeres et des derives apparentes. Tous ces derives ont fait, ou font encore l'objet d'etudes pharmacologiques, effectuees par la societe adir, filiale des laboratoires servier. Les resultats pharmacologiques presentes sont discutes sous l'angle des relations structure-affinite
Catherin, Manon. "Synthèse et propriétés spectroscopiques d'assemblages moléculaires basés sur le chromophore curcuminoïde de bore." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0193.
Full textThe development of organic dyes containing electron donor (D) and acceptor (A) groups connected via a π-conjugated bridge is a very active domain. Indeed, quadrupole-like D-π-A-π-D systems show electronic structures characterized by an intermolecular charge transfer in the ground and excited states which makes possible to obtain remarkable absorption and fluorescence emission properties. Since 2012, our team is developing the synthesis of D-π-A-π-D chromophores based on the curcuminoid skeleton in which A is a boron chelate. A large series of aromatic donor cycles could be considered, allowing efficient modulation of optical and electronical properties in solution. These molecules have also been studied in the solid and high values of near-infrared fluorescence quantum yields were obtained. Firstly, in order to get valuable insights into the correlations between optical properties and supramolecular interchromophoric interactions, we are designing covalent bichromophores in which two curcuminoid-BF2 units are connected by a flexible and rigid link. Secondly, we decided to explore the perturbation of the excited curcuminoid chromophore by an unpaired electron spin. We describe the synthesis of two families of curcuminoid derivatives substituted in the central position by a persistent TEMPO or 6-oxoverdazyl radical
De, Tilière Béatrice. "Modèles exactement solubles de mécanique statistique en dimension deux : modèle d'Ising, dimères et arbres couvrants." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00909569.
Full textChollet, Constance. "Synthèse de monomères et dimères fluorés d'artémisinines : évaluation de leurs activités antipaludiques, antitumorales, et antiangiogéniques." Université Paris XI, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA114832.
Full textArtemisinin, extracted from Artemisia annua, is one of the most active antimalarial. Its derivatives are widely used in therapy, but their fast degradation in human organism limits their efficacy. The introduction of fluoroalkyl group on artemisinin skeleton led to fluoro-artemisinins families, presenting a better stability against metabolism, and a very good antimalarial activity. Recently, artemisinins dimers have shown a cytotoxic activity in vitro and the hypothesis of an antiangiogenic activity has been advanced. This thesis is divided in three parts. First, a new family of fluoro-artemisinins had been synthesized through the study of a SN/SN' competition, and had shown a satisfying antimalarial activity. In a second part, fluoro-artemisinins dimers had been conceived and synthesized, using two original ways : metathesis reactions and sulfur transfer reactions with tetrathiomolybdate (MOLY). Then, biological activities of those dimers were evaluated. A very interesting antitumorale activity was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. Antiangiogenic activity had not been demonstrated for those dimers
Bellot, Morgane. "Caractérisation des dimères de récepteurs à l'angiotensine II AT1 et a2C-adrénergiques et conséquences fonctionnelles." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2185/.
Full textMechanisms of norepinephrine (NE) secretion via angiotensin (AT1) and alpha2-adrenergic (alpha2A/C-AR) receptors remains unknown. So we hypothesized the involvement of a AT1/alpha2C dimer. Our results show that these two receptors are able to interact directly and binding of angiotensin II (Ang II) or NA stabilize different conformations of the dimer. In addition, under conditions mimicking arterial hypertension (HTN; costimulation NA+AngII), AT1/alpha2C dimer adopts a new conformation. Using a new technique allowing a specific measure of intracellular signaling pathways activation only induced by AT1/alpha2C dimer, we demonstrated that costimulation induces a new signaling pathway involving the Galphas / PKA pathway. Finally, we studied the physiological relevance of this new entity in vivo by exploring the SNS activity in mice by microneurography. Surprisingly, co-injection AngII + NA causes an increased SNS activity, compared to the injection of AngII alone, suggesting a role of AT1/alpha2C dimer in the control of controlling SNS activity. In conclusion, all this work show for the first time the existence of the AT1/alpha2C dimer and especially the creation of a new pharmacological entity in HTN condition. In the longer term, AT1/alpha2C dimer may represent a new pharmacological entity that originally modulate the sympathetic tone and may be a new drug target in particular the treatment of HTN
Le, Meur Rémy. "Etude structurale du mécanisme d'échange de chaînes des dimères de la protéine HU d'E. coli." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2004/document.
Full textHU is a histone like protein of bacteria involved in numerous biological functions such as DNA compaction, transcription, replication and repair. In E. coli, three HU dimers types are present (HUα2, HUβ2 et HUαβ) and show distinct biological roles. The heterodimer is formed from homodimers through a peptidic chain exchange. A model of this mechanism has been proposed by Ramstein and coworkers (J.M.B. 331, 101-121 2003) and was used as a starting point for this study. In this model, homodimers undergo a conformationnal change from a native state (N2) toward an intermediate state (I2). Then, I2 homodimers associate to form a transient heterotetramer which then dissociate into heterodimers. The main aim of this work was to characterize the structure and kinetic of each step of this mechanism. Major results of this work include the elucidation of two original crystal structures : HUβ2 from E. coli and HU from L. lactis in N2 states. A model of the partially disordered I2 state has also been proposed for HUβ2 and HUα2, and is consistent with results obtained from both NMR and molecular dynamics experiments. In addition, the existence of a low concentration tetrameric conformation has been evidenced by native mass spectrometry experiments. A protocol of production/purification/oxydation as been developped for the introduction of disulfide bridges in order to stabilize this conformation and characterize its structure. Together, results obtained from these different biophysical means refine our understanding of the chain exchange mechanism at the molecular level and highlight the role of the I2 conformation in controlling HU dimers composition
Abdul-Hassan, Wathiq Sattar. "Matériaux moléculaires électro-stimulables et assemblages organisés reposant sur des briques élémentaires de type pi-dimères." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV005/document.
Full textThe aim of this proposal is to explore a new concept of redox-responsive molecular materials. Electron-responsive switchable architectures have long been recognized as the most straightforward and viable choice to produce practical devices but efficiently designing such systems on the molecular scale still remains a challenge. The approach developed in this project relies on the electrochemically triggered production of pi-radicals from viologen derivatives, the objective being to induce the formation of non-covalent and reversible binding between these pi-radicals to control the conformation of supramolecular scaffolds. The nanomaterials will comprise molecular wires arising from coordination polymers and molecular wires produced by π-interactions along the wire's axis implemented by peripheral weak interactions such as lipophilic side chain aggregation or H-bonding. The initial efforts will focus on the optimization of π-dimer and pimer formation, with or without assistance of secondary interactions. After determining the parameters that yield the most efficient π directed self-assembly, suitable viologen based motifs will be introduced in more sophisticated building blocks. Throughout the synthesis of the assemblies, π-dimerization that is used as the primary driving force for the self-assembly of nanomaterials may be consolidated by covalent locking of the structures. In the end, the electro-stimulation of π systems will provide dynamic molecular assemblies in which the morphology will be responsive to redox stimuli