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Journal articles on the topic 'Dimorphic pathogens'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 2 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Ramírez-Sotelo, Uriel, Manuela Gómez-Gaviria, and Héctor M. Mora-Montes. "Signaling Pathways Regulating Dimorphism in Medically Relevant Fungal Species." Pathogens 14, no. 4 (2025): 350. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14040350.

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Pathogenic fungi that exhibit the ability to alternate between hyphal and yeast morphology in response to environmental stimuli are considered dimorphic. Under saprobic conditions, some fungi exist as filamentous hyphae, producing conidia. When conidia are inhaled by mammals or traumatically inoculated, body temperature (37 °C) triggers dimorphism into yeast cells. This shift promotes fungal dissemination and immune evasion. Some fungal pathogens undergo dimorphism in the contrary way, forming pseudohyphae and hyphae within the host. While temperature is a major driver of dimorphism, other fac
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2

Goughenour, Kristie D., and Chad A. Rappleye. "Antifungal therapeutics for dimorphic fungal pathogens." Virulence 8, no. 2 (2016): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2016.1235653.

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3

Silva, Rafael de Souza, Wilson Dias Segura, Reinaldo Souza Oliveira, Patricia Xander, and Wagner Luiz Batista. "Characterization of Aspartic Proteases from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Their Role in Fungal Thermo-Dimorphism." Journal of Fungi 9, no. 3 (2023): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9030375.

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Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is the most prevalent systemic mycosis in Latin America and is caused by fungi from the Paracoccidioides genus. The infection begins after inhalation of the fungal propagules and their thermo-dimorphic shift to yeast form. Proteases play an important role in the host invasion process and immune modulation in many pathogenic microorganisms. Aspartyl proteases are virulence factors in many human fungal pathogens that play an important role in the host invasion process morphogenesis, cellular function, immunity, and nutrition. In the present study, we characterized th
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4

Sil, Anita, and Alex Andrianopoulos. "Thermally Dimorphic Human Fungal Pathogens—Polyphyletic Pathogens with a Convergent Pathogenicity Trait." Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine 5, no. 8 (2014): a019794. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a019794.

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5

Perfect, John R. "Role of Classic Dimorphic Pathogens in Contemporary Mycoses." Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice 3 (March 1994): S68—S77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019048-199403002-00005.

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6

Schwartz, Ilan S., Nelesh P. Govender, Lynne Sigler, et al. "Emergomyces: The global rise of new dimorphic fungal pathogens." PLOS Pathogens 15, no. 9 (2019): e1007977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1007977.

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7

Li, Wenjun, Banu Metin, Theodore C. White, and Joseph Heitman. "Organization and Evolutionary Trajectory of the Mating Type (MAT) Locus in Dermatophyte and Dimorphic Fungal Pathogens." Eukaryotic Cell 9, no. 1 (2009): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00259-09.

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ABSTRACT Sexual reproduction in fungi is governed by a specialized genomic region, the mating type (MAT) locus, whose gene identity, organization, and complexity are diverse. We identified the MAT locus of five dermatophyte fungal pathogens (Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton equinum, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton tonsurans) and a dimorphic fungus, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, and performed phylogenetic analyses. The identified MAT locus idiomorphs of M. gypseum control cell type identity in mating assays, and recombinant progeny were produced. Virulence tests in Ga
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8

Dukik, Karolina, Jose F. Muñoz, Yanping Jiang, et al. "Novel taxa of thermally dimorphic systemic pathogens in theAjellomycetaceae(Onygenales)." Mycoses 60, no. 5 (2017): 296–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/myc.12601.

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9

Quan, Yu, Xin Zhou, Ricardo Belmonte-Lopes, et al. "Potential predictive value of phylogenetic novelties in clinical fungi, illustrated by Histoplasma." IMA Fungus 16, no. () (2025): e145658. https://doi.org/10.3897/imafungus.16.145658.

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The phylogeny of the vertebrate pathogen <i>Histoplasma capsulatum</i> and its varieties was analyzed on the basis of GenBank data, comparing preceding papers that distinguished lineages on the basis of a much smaller dataset, partly dating back two decades. The aim was to establish the predictive value of individual research papers on biodiversity, which eventually may lead to altered nomenclature with large clinical consequences. A total of 1985 sequences of ITS, ARF, OLE and H-anti were downloaded. ITS showed insufficient resolution, and the sequences of the H-anti gene were too short to pr
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10

Merkel, Sandra M., Sarah Alexander, Eric Zufall, James D. Oliver, and Yvette M. Huet-Hudson. "Essential Role for Estrogen in Protection againstVibrio vulnificus-Induced Endotoxic Shock." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 10 (2001): 6119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.10.6119-6122.2001.

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ABSTRACT Little is known about the underlying mechanisms that result in a sexually dimorphic response to Vibrio vulnificus endotoxic shock. V. vulnificus is a gram-negative bacterium, considered one of the most invasive and rapidly fatal human pathogens known. However, 85% of individuals that develop endotoxic shock fromV. vulnificus are males. Using the rat, we have developed a model for V. vulnificus endotoxic shock that mimics the sexually dimorphic response in humans. Gonadectomy in females results in increased mortality, and estrogen replacement results in decreased mortality in both gona
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11

Camacho, Emma, and Gustavo A. Niño-Vega. "ParacoccidioidesSpp.: Virulence Factors and Immune-Evasion Strategies." Mediators of Inflammation 2017 (2017): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5313691.

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Paracoccidioidesspp. are dimorphic fungal pathogens responsible for one of the most relevant systemic mycoses in Latin America, paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). Their exact ecological niche remains unknown; however, they have been isolated from soil samples and armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus), which have been proposed as animal reservoir for these fungi. Human infection occurs by inhalation of conidia or mycelia fragments and is mostly associated with immunocompetent hosts inhabiting and/or working in endemic rural areas. In this review focusing on the pathogen perspective, we will discuss some
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12

Wangsanut, Tanaporn, and Monsicha Pongpom. "Human–Fungal Pathogen Interactions from the Perspective of Immunoproteomics Analyses." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 6 (2024): 3531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063531.

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Antibody immunity is now known to play a critical role in combating mycotic infections. The identification of molecules that can elicit an antibody response against fungal pathogens is the first step in developing antibody-based therapeutic strategies. Antigenic proteins are molecules recognized by the immune system that can stimulate antibody production and, therefore, can be a direct target for studying human–fungal pathogen interactions. Advances in recent immunoproteomic approaches have substantially aided in determining the key antigenic proteins on a large scale. In this review, we prese
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13

Gromadzki, S., R. Ramani, and V. Chaturvedi. "Evaluation of New Medium for Identification of Dermatophytes and Primary Dimorphic Pathogens." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 41, no. 1 (2003): 467–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.41.1.467-468.2003.

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14

Rio, Pierluigi, Mario Caldarelli, Edoardo Miccoli, et al. "Sex Differences in Immune Responses to Infectious Diseases: The Role of Genetics, Hormones, and Aging." Diseases 13, no. 6 (2025): 179. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13060179.

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In recent years, gender medicine has emerged as a field of research analyzing sex-related differences in health and disease. Biological sex, depending on sex chromosome complement, sex steroid hormones, and reproductive organs, has been demonstrated to influence human susceptibility to infections, immune responses against pathogens, the clinical severity of infectious diseases, and responses to the available treatments. Men and women differ in their chromosome set, with men having one X chromosome (XY) and women two (XX). This different genetic composition results in a sex-dimorphic expression
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15

Hernández, Orville, Agostinho J. Almeida, Angel Gonzalez, et al. "A 32-Kilodalton Hydrolase Plays an Important Role in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Adherence to Host Cells and Influences Pathogenicity." Infection and Immunity 78, no. 12 (2010): 5280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00692-10.

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ABSTRACT One of the most crucial events during infection with the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is adhesion to pulmonary epithelial cells, a pivotal step in the establishment of disease. In this study, we have evaluated the relevance of a 32-kDa protein, a putative adhesion member of the haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) superfamily of hydrolases, in the virulence of this fungus. Protein sequence analyses have supported the inclusion of PbHad32p as a hydrolase and have revealed a conserved protein only among fungal dimorphic and filamentous pathogens that are closely phylogeneticall
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16

S, Bhattacharyya, Kumar A, Chakraborty M, and Chatterjee S. "Emerging fungal infections of man." MOJ Biology and Medicine 8, no. 2 (2023): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojbm.2023.08.00188.

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Many fungi are now emerging as important causes of superficial and deep seated infections of man. The indiscriminate use of broad spectrum antimicrobials by oral and topical routes and prolonged hospital stay have led to emergence of many new fungal pathogens like Candida auris, Histoplasma spp. and Emergomyces spp.. Of these, C. auris is an established nosocomial pathogen now and can colonize hospital surfaces very commonly. Immunocompromised status of the patients due to various causes like HIV infection, Diabetes mellitus and anticancer chemotherapy, have added to the problems of emerging m
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17

Borman, Andrew M., Mark Fraser, Adrien Szekely, and Elizabeth M. Johnson. "Rapid and robust identification of clinical isolates of Talaromyces marneffei based on MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry or dimorphism in Galleria mellonella." Medical Mycology 57, no. 8 (2019): 969–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myy162.

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AbstractTalaromyces marneffei is a thermally dimorphic fungal pathogen that causes serious infections particularly in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although the mould form typically produces a characteristic red-diffusing pigment, and conidia from penicillate heads, several nonpathogenic Talaromyces/Penicillium species are morphologically and phenotypically similar. While those other species do not exhibit thermal dimorphism, conversion of T. marneffei to the distinctive fission yeast form in vitro is arduous and frequently incomplete. Here we show that T. marneffei can be
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18

Steenbergen, Judith N., Joshua D. Nosanchuk, Stephanie D. Malliaris, and Arturo Casadevall. "Interaction of Blastomyces dermatitidis, Sporothrix schenckii, and Histoplasma capsulatum with Acanthamoeba castellanii." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 6 (2004): 3478–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.6.3478-3488.2004.

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ABSTRACT Several dimorphic fungi are important human pathogens, but the origin and maintenance of virulence in these organisms is enigmatic, since an interaction with a mammalian host is not a requisite for fungal survival. Recently, Cryptococcus neoformans was shown to interact with macrophages, slime molds, and amoebae in a similar manner, suggesting that fungal pathogenic strategies may arise from environmental interactions with phagocytic microorganisms. In this study, we examined the interactions of three dimorphic fungi with the soil amoeba Acanthameobae castellanii. Yeast forms of Blast
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19

Ignatov, Atanas, and Elizabeth J. Keath. "Gel Shift Assay of Nuclear Extracts from Histoplasma capsulatum Demonstrates the Presence of Several DNA Binding Proteins." Infection and Immunity 70, no. 4 (2002): 2238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.4.2238-2241.2002.

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ABSTRACT A gel shift assay was optimized to detect several general DNA binding proteins from Histoplasma capsulatum strain G217B. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) technique also detected protein(s) recognizing a pyrimidine-rich motif found in several Histoplasma promoters. Establishment of EMSA conditions provides an important framework to evaluate regulation of homeostatic or phase-specific genes that may influence virulence in Histoplasma and other dimorphic fungal pathogens.
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20

Lindsley, M. D., S. F. Hurst, N. J. Iqbal, and C. J. Morrison. "Rapid Identification of Dimorphic and Yeast-Like Fungal Pathogens Using Specific DNA Probes." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 39, no. 10 (2001): 3505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.39.10.3505-3511.2001.

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21

Goughenour, Kristie D., Joan-Miquel Balada-Llasat, and Chad A. Rappleye. "Quantitative Microplate-Based Growth Assay for Determination of Antifungal Susceptibility of Histoplasma capsulatum Yeasts." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 53, no. 10 (2015): 3286–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00795-15.

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Standardized methodologies for determining the antifungal susceptibility of fungal pathogens is central to the clinical management of invasive fungal disease. Yeast-form fungi can be tested using broth macrodilution and microdilution assays. Reference procedures exist forCandidaspecies andCryptococcusyeasts; however, no standardized methods have been developed for testing the antifungal susceptibility of yeast forms of the dimorphic systemic fungal pathogens. For the dimorphic fungal pathogenHistoplasma capsulatum, susceptibility to echinocandins differs for the yeast and the filamentous forms
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22

Kulko, A. B. "Groups of pathogens that cause opportunistic pneumomycoses in TB patients: the protocol of laboratory studies, the activity of drugs." Tuberculosis and socially significant diseases 9, no. 2 (2021): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54921/2413-0346-2021-12-2-32-37.

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The article describes the author’s unifying scheme for identification of micromycetes isolated from culture with rapid differentiation between nine groups of pathogens: ascomycete yeasts; basidiomycete yeasts of the red yeast group; basidiomycete nonpigmented yeasts; ascomycete yeast-like fungi; basidiomycete yeast-like fungi; zygomycosis causative agents; pheogyphomycosis causative agents of the dimorphic black yeast group; pheogyphomycosis causative agents of the mycelial pheoid species; light-coloured mold causative agents of aspergillosis and hyalohyphomycosis. The article also provides th
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23

Surkova, R., R. Sharov, N. Polovets, A. Lipnitsky, and A. Murugova. "The use of MALDI­-TOF mass­spectrometry for the identification of fungal pathogens." Immunopathology, Allergology, Infectology 2021, no. 3 (2021): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14427/jipai.2021.3.73.

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Here we review modern data on the advantages and disadvantages of identifying mycoses pathogens using the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry method. The advantages of this method are the high accuracy of the results obtained, the simplicity of the analysis, and the ability to determine the indicators of sensitivity to antifungal drugs. Limitations in using the method are associated with the lack of reference mass spectra of many micromycetes in the databases and standardized protocols for preparing micromycete cultures for MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Additional difficulties arise in the identificati
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Edwards, Jessica A., Olga Zemska, and Chad A. Rappleye. "Discovery of a Role for Hsp82 in Histoplasma Virulence through a Quantitative Screen for Macrophage Lethality." Infection and Immunity 79, no. 8 (2011): 3348–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.05124-11.

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ABSTRACTThe application of forward genetics can reveal new factors required for the virulence of intracellular pathogens. To facilitate such virulence screens, we developed macrophage cell lines with which the number of intact host cells following infection with intracellular pathogens can be rapidly and easily ascertained through the expression of a constitutivelacZtransgene. Using known virulence mutants ofFrancisella novicidaandHistoplasma capsulatum, we confirmed the applicability of these host cells for the quantitative assessment of bacterial and fungal virulence, respectively. To identi
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Martin, Cara, David Roberts, Marjo van der Weide, et al. "Development of a PCR-Based Line Probe Assay for Identification of Fungal Pathogens." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 10 (2000): 3735–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.10.3735-3742.2000.

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We report on a reverse-hybridization line probe assay (LiPA) which when combined with PCR amplification detects and identifies clinically significant fungal pathogens including Candida,Aspergillus, and Cryptococcus species. DNA probes have been designed from the internal transcribed-spacer (ITS) regions of Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, Candida dubliniensis, Cryptococcus neoformans,Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus versicolor,Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus flavus. The probes were incorporated into a LiPA for detection of bio
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26

Boyce, Kylie J., and Alex Andrianopoulos. "Morphogenetic Circuitry Regulating Growth and Development in the Dimorphic Pathogen Penicillium marneffei." Eukaryotic Cell 12, no. 2 (2012): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00234-12.

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ABSTRACTPenicillium marneffeiis an emerging human-pathogenic fungus endemic to Southeast Asia. Like a number of other fungal pathogens,P. marneffeiexhibits temperature-dependent dimorphic growth and grows in two distinct cellular morphologies, hyphae at 25°C and yeast cells at 37°C. Hyphae can differentiate to produce the infectious agents, asexual spores (conidia), which are inhaled into the host lung, where they are phagocytosed by pulmonary alveolar macrophages. Within macrophages, conidia germinate into unicellular yeast cells, which divide by fission. This minireview focuses on the curren
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Van Dyke, Marley C. Caballero, Marcus M. Teixeira, and Bridget M. Barker. "Fantastic yeasts and where to find them: the hidden diversity of dimorphic fungal pathogens." Current Opinion in Microbiology 52 (December 2019): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2019.05.002.

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28

Gabal, M. A. "Antifungal activity of ketoconazole with emphasis on zoophilic fungal pathogens." American Journal of Veterinary Research 47, no. 6 (1986): 1229–34. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1986.47.06.1229.

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SUMMARY The antifungal activity of ketoconazole was studied against fungal pathogens associated with various mycotic infections in animals. A concentration of 10 μg of ketoconazole/ml of medium proved fungicidal to Trichophyton verrucosum. The same concentration acted as a strong fungistat against the majority of the tested dermatophytes. Yeasts were generally more sensitive than yeast-like pathogens. Ketoconazole also proved fungicidal against Pityrosporon canis and strongly inhibitory on Cryptococcus neoformans and Torulopsis famata at the lowest used concentration. Candida albicans, Candida
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29

Hartmann, Fanny E., Ricardo C. Rodríguez de la Vega, Fantin Carpentier, et al. "Understanding Adaptation, Coevolution, Host Specialization, and Mating System in Castrating Anther-Smut Fungi by Combining Population and Comparative Genomics." Annual Review of Phytopathology 57, no. 1 (2019): 431–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-082718-095947.

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Anther-smut fungi provide a powerful system to study host–pathogen specialization and coevolution, with hundreds of Microbotryum species specialized on diverse Caryophyllaceae plants, castrating their hosts through manipulation of the hosts’ reproductive organs to facilitate disease transmission. Microbotryum fungi have exceptional genomic characteristics, including dimorphic mating-type chromosomes, that make this genus anexcellent model for studying the evolution of mating systems and their influence on population genetics structure and adaptive potential. Important insights into adaptation,
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Lengeler, Klaus B., Robert C. Davidson, Cletus D'souza, et al. "Signal Transduction Cascades Regulating Fungal Development and Virulence." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 64, no. 4 (2000): 746–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.64.4.746-785.2000.

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SUMMARY Cellular differentiation, mating, and filamentous growth are regulated in many fungi by environmental and nutritional signals. For example, in response to nitrogen limitation, diploid cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae undergo a dimorphic transition to filamentous growth referred to as pseudohyphal differentiation. Yeast filamentous growth is regulated, in part, by two conserved signal transduction cascades: a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade and a G-protein regulated cyclic AMP signaling pathway. Related signaling cascades play an analogous role in regulating mating a
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31

Schwartz, Ilan S., Tsidiso G. Maphanga, and Nelesh P. Govender. "Emergomyces: a New Genus of Dimorphic Fungal Pathogens Causing Disseminated Disease among Immunocompromised Persons Globally." Current Fungal Infection Reports 12, no. 1 (2018): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12281-018-0308-y.

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32

Friedman and Schwartz. "Emerging Fungal Infections: New Patients, New Patterns, and New Pathogens." Journal of Fungi 5, no. 3 (2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof5030067.

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: The landscape of clinical mycology is constantly changing. New therapies for malignant and autoimmune diseases have led to new risk factors for unusual mycoses. Invasive candidiasis is increasingly caused by non-albicans Candida spp., including C. auris, a multidrug-resistant yeast with the potential for nosocomial transmission that has rapidly spread globally. The use of mould-active antifungal prophylaxis in patients with cancer or transplantation has decreased the incidence of invasive fungal disease, but shifted the balance of mould disease in these patients to those from non-fumigatus A
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Hogan, L. H., B. S. Klein, and S. M. Levitz. "Virulence factors of medically important fungi." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 9, no. 4 (1996): 469–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.9.4.469.

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Human fungal pathogens have become an increasingly important medical problem with the explosion in the number of immunocompromised patients as a result of cancer, steroid therapy, chemotherapy, and AIDS. Additionally, the globalization of travel and expansion of humankind into previously undisturbed habitats have led to the reemergence of old fungi and new exposure to previously undescribed fungi. Until recently, relatively little was known about virulence factors for the medically important fungi. With the advent of molecular genetics, rapid progress has now been made in understanding the bas
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Liu, Tianshuo, and Anna M. Pyle. "Discovery of highly reactive self-splicing group II introns within the mitochondrial genomes of human pathogenic fungi." Nucleic Acids Research 49, no. 21 (2021): 12422–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab1077.

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Abstract Fungal pathogens represent an expanding global health threat for which treatment options are limited. Self-splicing group II introns have emerged as promising drug targets, but their development has been limited by a lack of information on their distribution and architecture in pathogenic fungi. To meet this challenge, we developed a bioinformatic workflow for scanning sequence data to identify unique RNA structural signatures within group II introns. Using this approach, we discovered a set of ubiquitous introns within thermally dimorphic fungi (genera of Blastomyces, Coccidioides an
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35

Wedge, Marie-Ève, Erika Sayuri Naruzawa, Martha Nigg, and Louis Bernier. "Diversity in yeast–mycelium dimorphism response of the Dutch elm disease pathogens: the inoculum size effect." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 62, no. 6 (2016): 525–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2015-0795.

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Dutch elm disease (DED) is caused by the dimorphic fungi Ophiostoma ulmi, Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, and Ophiostoma himal-ulmi. A cell population density-dependent phenomenon related to quorum sensing was previously shown to affect the reversible transition from yeast-like to mycelial growth in liquid shake cultures of O. novo-ulmi NRRL 6404. Since the response to external stimuli often varies among DED fungal strains, we evaluated the effect of inoculum size on 8 strains of the 3 species of DED agents by determining the proportion of yeast and mycelium produced at different spore inoculum concentr
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Johnson, Elizabeth M., Adrien Szekely, and David W. Warnock. "In Vitro Activity of Syn-2869, a Novel Triazole Agent, against Emerging and Less Common Mold Pathogens." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 43, no. 5 (1999): 1260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.43.5.1260.

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ABSTRACT The in vitro activity of Syn-2869 was compared with that of amphotericin B and itraconazole. MICs for 100 isolates of pathogenic molds belonging to 12 species were determined by a broth microdilution adaptation of the method recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Syn-2869 and itraconazole showed comparable, good activity against the dematiaceous moldsCladophialophora bantiana, Cladophialophora carrionii, Exophiala dermatitidis, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Phialophora parasitica, andRamichloridium mackenziei. Neither of the azole agents was active against the
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37

Whiston, Emily, and John W. Taylor. "Genomics in Coccidioides: Insights into evolution, ecology, and pathogenesis." Medical Mycology 52, no. 2 (2013): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myt001.

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AbstractCoccidioides immitis and C. posadasii, the causative agents of the mammalian disease coccidioidomycosis, are dimorphic fungal pathogens distributed throughout desert-like environments in North and South America. Coccidioides spp. are members of the Onygenales, a diverse group of pathogenic and nonpathogenic fungi. Recently, full genomes have been published for Coccidioides and a number of other Onygenales species. Phylogenomic comparisons and additional studies in Coccidioides population genomics and gene expression have shed light on the ecology and pathogenesis of Coccidioides and th
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Kirkland, Theo N. "A few shared up-regulated genes may influence conidia to yeast transformation in dimorphic fungal pathogens: Table 1." Medical Mycology 54, no. 6 (2016): 648–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myw019.

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39

Youngchim, Sirida, Roderick J. Hay, and Andrew J. Hamilton. "Melanization of Penicillium marneffei in vitro and in vivo." Microbiology 151, no. 1 (2005): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.27433-0.

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Melanins are found universally in nature and are implicated in the pathogenesis of several important human fungal pathogens. This study investigated whether the conidia and the yeast cells of the thermally dimorphic fungal pathogen Penicillium marneffei produce melanin or melanin-like compounds in vitro and during infection. Treatment of conidia with proteolytic enzymes, denaturant and concentrated hot acid yielded dark particles that were similar in size and shape to the conidia. A melanin-binding monoclonal antibody (mAb) labelled pigmented conidia, yeast cells and the isolated particles as
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40

Ramya, Dr M. "Pathogenic Mechanisms and Clinical Challenges of Invasive Candidiasis and Disseminated Histoplasmosis." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science X, no. VI (2025): 556–64. https://doi.org/10.51584/ijrias.2025.10060040.

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Fungal infections have become major health issues, especially for immunocompromised patients and those undergoing extended physiological stress. Invasive candidiasis and widespread histoplasmosis are serious fungal infections that can lead to high death rates if not treated. Candida species, like C. auris, C. albicans, and C. glabrata, can move from the gut or skin into the blood, leading to serious conditions like candidemia, sepsis, and failure of multiple organs. Histoplasma capsulatum, a dimorphic fungal infection, induces histoplasmosis via spore inhalation, primarily impacting the lungs
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Teixeira, Marcus de Melo, Anderson Messias Rodrigues, Clement K. M. Tsui, et al. "Asexual Propagation of a Virulent Clone Complex in a Human and Feline Outbreak of Sporotrichosis." Eukaryotic Cell 14, no. 2 (2014): 158–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00153-14.

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ABSTRACT Sporotrichosis is one of the most frequent subcutaneous fungal infections in humans and animals caused by members of the plant-associated, dimorphic genus Sporothrix . Three of the four medically important Sporothrix species found in Brazil have been considered asexual as no sexual stage has ever been reported in Sporothrix schenckii , Sporothrix brasiliensis , or Sporothrix globosa . We have identified the mating type ( MAT ) loci in the S. schenckii (strain 1099-18/ATCC MYA-4821) and S. brasiliensis (strain 5110/ATCC MYA-4823) genomes by using comparative genomic approaches to deter
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42

Li, Ren-Kai, Meral A. Ciblak, Nicole Nordoff, Lester Pasarell, David W. Warnock, and Michael R. McGinnis. "In Vitro Activities of Voriconazole, Itraconazole, and Amphotericin B against Blastomyces dermatitidis,Coccidioides immitis, and Histoplasma capsulatum." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 44, no. 6 (2000): 1734–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.44.6.1734-1736.2000.

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ABSTRACT The in vitro activity of voriconazole was compared to those of itraconazole and amphotericin B against the mold forms of 304 isolates of three dimorphic fungi, Blastomyces dermatitidis,Coccidioides immitis, and Histoplasma capsulatum. MICs were determined by a broth microdilution adaptation of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards M27-A procedure. RPMI 1640 medium was used for tests with voriconazole and itraconazole, whereas Antibiotic Medium 3 with 2% glucose was used for amphotericin B. Minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) were also determined. Amphotericin B
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Kolekar, Ketan, Swagata Tambe, Rashmi Aderao, and Chitra Nayak. "Chronic vulvovaginitis caused by Candida dubliniensis in an immunologically competent adult female." International Journal of STD & AIDS 30, no. 1 (2018): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462418792113.

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Candida, a commensal dimorphic fungus, is the most common microorganism that causes opportunistic fungal infections worldwide. It can cause diseases ranging from superficial mucosal infections to disseminated, systemic life-threatening infections. Among Candida species, Candida albicans is the most common infectious agent. Nowadays, non- albicans Candida species are also emerging as significant pathogens. Candida dubliniensis has been implicated as a causative agent of oral candidiasis in HIV-infected individuals but has also been recovered from HIV non-infected individuals with oral candidias
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Taborda, C. P., R. Buccheri, G. Benard, A. N. Duarte-Neto, J. D. Nosanchuk, and L. R. Travassos. "Paracoccidioides spp. and Histoplasma capsulatum: Current and New Perspectives for Diagnosis and Treatment." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 18, no. 15 (2018): 1333–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026618666181002112231.

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The thermally-dimorphic systemic fungal group includes several important human pathogens: Blastomyces dermatitides, Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii, Histoplasma capsulatum, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, P. lutzii, and Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei. They usually are geographically restricted and have natural habitats in soil or in plants, and when fungal propagules invade mammalian host by inhalation, they initiate an inflammatory reaction that can result in self-resolution of the infection or cause an acute or chronic disease. In the setting of the AIDS pandemic and the developmen
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Rocco, Nicole M., John C. Carmen, and Bruce S. Klein. "Blastomyces dermatitidis Yeast Cells Inhibit Nitric Oxide Production by Alveolar Macrophage Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase." Infection and Immunity 79, no. 6 (2011): 2385–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01249-10.

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ABSTRACTThe ability of pathogens to evade host antimicrobial mechanisms is crucial to their virulence. The dimorphic fungal pathogenBlastomyces dermatitidiscan infect immunocompetent patients, producing a primary pulmonary infection that can later disseminate to other organs.B. dermatitidispossesses a remarkable ability to resist killing by alveolar macrophages. To date, no mechanism to explain this resistance has been described. Here, we focus on macrophage production of the toxic molecule nitric oxide as a potential target of subversion byB. dermatitidisyeast cells. We report thatB. dermatit
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Cighir, Anca, Anca Delia Mare, Răzvan Lucian Coșeriu, and Adrian Man. "Invasive fungal pathogens from the tropical and temperate areas – a challenge in pathology and diagnosis." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 18, no. 01 (2024): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.18206.

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Fungi play a vital role in ensuring a physiological balance in the surrounding environments, interacting closely with humans, plants, and animals. While most of the time their contribution is beneficial, occasionally, they can become harmful, especially in patients with weakened immune systems. The work at hand aims to present the most common fungal pathogens involved in invasive infections, focusing on fungi that are present in the tropical and temperate areas of the world. While in the former, due to the humid climate, most fungal infections are caused by dimorphic fungi such as Coccidioides
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Fraser, James A., Jason E. Stajich, Eric J. Tarcha, et al. "Evolution of the Mating Type Locus: Insights Gained from the Dimorphic Primary Fungal Pathogens Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis, and Coccidioides posadasii." Eukaryotic Cell 6, no. 4 (2007): 622–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00018-07.

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ABSTRACT Sexual reproduction of fungi is governed by the mating type (MAT) locus, a specialized region of the genome encoding key transcriptional regulators that direct regulatory networks to specify cell identity and fate. Knowledge of MAT locus structure and evolution has been considerably advanced in recent years as a result of genomic analyses that enable the definition of MAT locus sequences in many species as well as provide an understanding of the evolutionary plasticity of this unique region of the genome. Here, we extend this analysis to define the mating type locus of three dimorphic
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Morris-Jones, Rachael, Sirida Youngchim, Beatriz L. Gomez, et al. "Synthesis of Melanin-Like Pigments by Sporothrix schenckii In Vitro and during Mammalian Infection." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 7 (2003): 4026–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.7.4026-4033.2003.

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ABSTRACT Melanin has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several important human fungal pathogens. Existing data suggest that the conidia of the dimorphic fungal pathogen Sporothrix schenckii produce melanin or melanin-like compounds; in this study we aimed to confirm this suggestion and to demonstrate in vitro and in vivo production of melanin by yeast cells. S. schenckii grown on Mycosel agar produced visibly pigmented conidia, although yeast cells grown in brain heart infusion and minimal medium broth appeared to be nonpigmented macroscopically. However, treatment of both conidia and yea
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Xu, Xinping, Youbao Zhao, Elyssa Kirkman, and Xiaorong Lin. "Secreted Acb1 Contributes to the Yeast-to-Hypha Transition in Cryptococcus neoformans." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 4 (2015): 1069–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03691-15.

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ABSTRACTAdaptation to stress by eukaryotic pathogens is often accompanied by a transition in cellular morphology. The human fungal pathogenCryptococcus neoformansis known to switch between the yeast and the filamentous form in response to amoebic predation or during mating. As in the classic dimorphic fungal pathogens, the morphotype is associated with the ability of cryptococci to infect various hosts. Many cryptococcal factors and environmental stimuli, including pheromones (small peptides) and nutrient limitation, are known to induce the yeast-to-hypha transition. We recently discovered tha
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Espinel-Ingroff, Ana. "In Vitro Activity of the New Triazole Voriconazole (UK-109,496) against Opportunistic Filamentous and Dimorphic Fungi and Common and Emerging Yeast Pathogens." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 1 (1998): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.1.198-202.1998.

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The in vitro antifungal activity of a new triazole derivative, voriconazole, was compared with those of itraconazole and amphotericin B against 67 isolates of Aspergillus flavus,Aspergillus fumigatus, Bipolaris spp.,Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani,Pseudallescheria boydii, Rhizopus arrhizus,Blastomyces dermatitidis, Histoplasma capsulatum, and Sporothrix schenckii. The in vitro activities of voriconazole were also compared with those of amphotericin B, fluconazole, and itraconazole against 189 isolates of emerging and common yeast pathogens of Blastoschizomyces capitatus, Candida (13 specie
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