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Ren, Le. "Los manuales de confesión en la China de las dinastías Ming y Qing (1580-1780): Un caso de la traducción transcultural." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670772.
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La tesi examina el corpus de manuals confessionals produïts en el territori xinès pels missioners europeus durant la dinastia Ming tardana i la Qing primerenca (aprox. 1580-1780). L'objectiu de la tesi consisteix, d'una banda, en dur a terme l'examen de les modificacions que va patir la normativa (la doctrina i la litúrgia) de la confessió al ser adaptada a les circumstàncies culturals, espirituals i socials de l'Imperi del Mig, procés que hem anomenat ""traducció transcultural"". En concret, pretén desentranyar les estratègies discursives i els recursos d'adaptació cultural als que van recórrer els autors per afrontar les pràctiques penitencials, tal com s'havien desenvolupat en el context del pensament xinès.
La tesi analitza, en definitiva, la difusió del cristianisme en la Xina imperial com un elaboradíssim i complex projecte evangelitzador, en el qual es barrejaven interessos i motivacions polítiques, religioses i culturals.<br>La tesis examina el corpus de manuales confesionales producidos en el territorio chino por los misioneros europeos durante la dinastía Ming tardía y la Qing temprana (aprox. 1580-1780). Su objetivo consiste en llevar a cabo el examen de las modificaciones que sufrió la normativa (la doctrina y la liturgia) de la confesión al ser adaptada a las circunstancias culturales, espirituales y sociales del Imperio del Medio, proceso que hemos dado en llamar ""traducción transcultural"". En concreto, pretende desentrañar las estrategias discursivas y los recursos de adaptación cultural a los que recurrieron los autores para afrontar las prácticas penitenciales, tal como se habían desarrollado en el contexto del pensamiento chino.
La tesis analiza, en definitiva, la difusión del cristianismo en la China imperial como un elaboradísimo y complejo proyecto evangelizador, en el cual se mezclaban intereses y motivaciones políticas, religiosas y culturales.<br>The thesis studies a body of confessional manuals produced in the Chinese territory (and written in Chinese, with the help of local collaborators) by European missionaries during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties (about 1580-1780). Its objective is to examine the modifications that the normative (doctrine and liturgy) of the confession underwent during the process of adaptation to the cultural, spiritual and social circumstances of the Middle Empire, a process that we have called ""transcultural translation"". Specifically, it seeks to unravel the discursive strategies and resources of cultural adaptation to which the authors resorted in order to confront the penitential practices, already present in the Chinese thought in the moment of the arrival of the first European missionaries
The thesis analyzes, in short, the diffusion of Christianity in the imperial China as an elaborate and complex evangelizing enterprise, an amalgam of political, religious and cultural interests and motivations.<br>Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Teoria de la Literatura i Literatura Comparada
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Ming, Yau-yau, and 明柔佑. "Qing poetry on Ming." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44204723.
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劉燕萍 and Yin-ping Grace Lau. "Grotesque satire in the Ming and Qing novels." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31240495.
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Ming, Yau-yau. "Qing poetry on Ming a historical perspective focusing on the writing on Ming Yuefu = Qing zhao yong Ming shi ji de shi xue shen shi : yi Ming yue fu de zhuan shu wei zhong xin /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2010. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B44204723.
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Thornton, Susanna. "Buddhist Monasteries in Hangzhou in the Ming and Early Qing." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.719169.
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Lee, Pak-tsun. "The late Qing revolutionaries' understanding of the American War of Independence Qing mo ge ming pai dui Meiguo du li ge ming de ren shi /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31951399.
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Chui, Mai-hing. "A study of the Ming and Qing historical novels related to Yue Fei Yi Yue Fei wei ti cai de Ming Qing yan yi yan jiu /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38803835.
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Guan, Shanming, and 關善明. "The imperial porcelain wares of the late Qing dynasty." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31231561.
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Li, Xiaorong 1969. "Rewriting the inner chambers : the boudoir in Ming-Qing women's poetry." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100645.
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My dissertation takes the social and symbolic location of women---the inner chambers [guige or gui]---as a point of departure to examine Ming-Qing women's unique approach to the writing of poetry. In Ming-Qing China, women continued to be assigned to the inner, domestic sphere by Confucian social and gender norms. The inner chambers were not only a physically and socially bounded space within which women were supposed to live, but also a discursive site for the construction of femininity in both ideological and literary discourses. The term gui embraces a nexus of meanings: the material frame of the women's chambers; a defining social boundary of women's roles and place; and a conventional topos evoking feminine beauty and pathos in literary imagination. Working with the literary context of boudoir poetics, yet also considering other indispensable levels of meanings epitomized in the cultural signifier guige, my dissertation demonstrates how Ming-Qing women poets re-conceive the boudoir as a distinctive textual territory encoded with their subjective perspectives and experiences. Compared with the poetic convention, the boudoir as inscribed in Ming-Qing women's texts is far more complex as its depiction is informed by nuances in their historical, social and individual experiences.
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鍾妙昏 and Miu-fun Anita Chung. "Jiehua of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31238373.
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Chan, Kit-i. "Wei Yijie(1616-1686) a case study of Late Ming literati serving the Qing government = Wei Yijie : Ming mo shi ren shi Qing ge an yan jiu /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkutrfo/record/B31691973.
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趙米卿 and Mai-hing Chui. "A study of the Ming and Qing historical novels related toYue Fei." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38803835.
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Chevaleyre, Claude. "Recherches sur l'institution servile dans la Chine des Ming et des Qing." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0123.
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Ce travail se propose de revenir sur un sujet qui a longuement occupé les historiens chinois et japonais entre les années 1920 et 1980, mais fort peu l'historiographie occidentale : celui de l'institution servile dans la Chine impériale des Ming et, dans une moindre mesure, des Qing. Le premier chapitre retrace d'une part le processus et les conditions dans lesquels le pouvoir sino-mandchou abolit l'institution servile en 1910. Il interroge d'autre part la perception qu'avalent les Chinois des pratiques serviles et la place de l'antiesclavagisme dans la société de la fin de l'ère impériale. Le second chapitre revient sur les révoltes d'esclaves du milieu du 17e s. Il en propose la synthèse et en réévalue la signification et la portée historique dans le contexte de la crise de la fin des Ming. Le troisième chapitre offre une relecture détaillée des sources juridiques et des textes institutionnels du début des Ming, afin de mettre en lumière les normes de l'institution servile et la place qu'elle occupait dans le projet de société du fondateur des Ming. Le dernier chapitre s'attarde plus longuement sur la condition et les fonctions de la servitude, puis examine la conception et l'usage que faisaient les clans de la servitude à travers les sources du droit domestique. Il s'attache surtout à identifier les critères distinctifs et la nature de la servitude en examinant le concept de souillure et la nature de la relation maître-dépendant. Ce faisant, cette étude entend contribuer à une meilleure connaissance des pratiques et de l'institution servile et à réintégrer l'expérience chinoise dans l'historiographie mondiale des esclavages dont elle est restée trop longtemps à l'écart<br>This dissertation focuses on human bondage in Ming and Qing China. This topic has been explored at length by Chinese and Japanese historians in the course of the 20th century. Yet it is still neglected by Western historiography. The first chapter explores the conditions and the process that led the Qing authorities to abolish the practice of "buying and selling" human beings and the status of socalled "bondservants. " It also explores the place of antislavery in late Qing society and the perception the Chinese had of their own bondage practices. The second chapter turns to the well-known topic of late Ming slave revolts and offers a re-evaluation of their significance and historical meaning. The third chapter focuses on the legal and institutional aspects of bondage in Ming China. Based on an in-depth study of Ming legal and institutional sources, it sheds new light on the norms and place of human bondage in the society envisioned by Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming. The last chapter explores the condition and functions of "bondservants" before turning to the analysis of the conception and uses of bondage as seen through domestic law sources. It mainly attempts to seize the nature of "bond servitude" by exploring Chinese conceptions of debasement and the nature of the master-bondservant relationship. This study contributes to a better understanding of the Chinese experience in the master of human bondage and to the integration of China in the world histories of slavery, bondage and labour
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Zhang, Yimin 1961 Oct 19. "The role of literati in military action during the Ming-Qing transition period /." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102772.
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This dissertation explores the interaction between literati and various social forces in east China in the mid-seventeenth century by focusing on their military performance. Based on a wide range of sources, the study focuses on about twenty literati, most of whom have never been previously researched from a military history perspective. It examines the diversity and complexity of Chinese literati as they pursued power over and within local society, paying special attention to the interrelation between them (literati and society). It argues that Chinese literati in this time period had much less aptitude in changing China than has been previously thought. Both individual and group case studies show that they mainly focused on the realization of an ideal goal, but were unwilling or ill-equipped to adapt themselves to changing conditions as well as environments. This study also indicates that the local military forces as well as ordinary peasants generally played a more crucial role than the literati; the latter's superior position could only be realized in times of peace. That civil and military officials affected each other in fact is an expression of a larger relationship between the central government and its own military forces or with certain local forces. Finally, this study concludes that Chinese literati as a whole had no idea how to integrate and lead the other social forces to reach an ideal goal in that specific time period.
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Yu, Kim Lung. "Nan fang shi ge she qun yu wan Qing "shi ge ge ming" /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?HUMA%202007%20YU.
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Li, Ren-Yuan. "Making Texts in Villages: Textual Production in Rural China During the Ming-Qing Period." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:13065015.
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This dissertation uses the textual materials found in several villages in Pingnan, northeastern Fujian, from 2008 to 2011, to examine the use of texts in rural China during the imperial period. The discussion focuses on the texts produced by local people and used locally. The central theme of the dissertation is to contextualize the rise of textual culture and the spread literate mentality in a marginal society, and explore the relationship between text and society. The dissertation consists of two major parts. Part I covers the period when Pingnan was the northern part of Gutian County, and Part II covers the period around and after the establishment of Pingnan County in 1734.
Part I consists of three chapters. Chapter 1 traces the early textual practices in northern Gutian during the Song-Yuan period, and suggests a local perspective of textual culture. Chapter 2 discusses the establishment of official documentation system in the early Ming and its influence on local communities and the production of local texts. Chapter 3 uses a case of a rising family in the late Ming to illustrate the use of textual construction to promote one's social and cultural status.
Part II consists of four chapters and each chapter investigates the use of texts in one realm of village life. Chapter 4 starts with the penetration of genealogy compilation and the transformation of social structure. Chapter 5 discusses the political background for the proliferation of stone stelae and other "texts for public display." Chapter 6 examines various kinds of textual materials used in economic activities, from managing lineage properties to land-exchanges and long-distant trades. Chapter 7 explores the creation within the transmission of ritual texts and their responses to the changing requirement of ritual performance.
In the conclusion, this dissertation discusses the significance of textual culture in the general transformations and social integrations in northeastern Fujian, and also reconsiders the question of "literacy" in the context of local society.<br>East Asian Languages and Civilizations
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Gu, Yun. "Canary in the Cage : Interactions between Women and Gardens in Ming and Qing Dynasties." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-411353.
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Hua, Simeng. "Through Their Neighbors’ Eyes: Interactions and Relations between Korea, Japan and China during the Ming-Qing Transition." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22303.
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In the period from the sixteenth century to the eighteenth century, East Asia witnessed changes in the Chinese tribute system, the downfall of the Ming Dynasty, the Manchu invasion of Korea, the establishment of the Tokugawa bakufu in Japan, and the prosperity of the High Qing era. This extraordinary period disrupted the existing China-centered diplomatic system; however, at the same time, a fertile ground was created for new perceptions of the respective immediate neighbor for each individual state. In the struggle to achieve or maintain domestic and external stability, intellectuals, officials, and even commoners reflected on ways to express their individual and communal narratives that contributed to their nation’s history. This thesis explores Sino-Korean and Sino-Japanese cultural and diplomatic interactions from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century based on primary sources with a special focus on diplomatic envoys’ travel reports.
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Li, Siu Leung, and 李小良. "Toward a theory of dramatic adaptation: with special reference to Shakespearean and Ming Qing adaptations." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31207352.
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Li, Siu-leung. "Toward a theory of dramatic adaptation : with special reference to Shakespearean and Ming Qing adaptations /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1986. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12324322.
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Holzhauser, Erin. "A Manchu in conquistador's clothing| Jesuit visualizations of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties." Thesis, University of Colorado at Denver, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10112621.
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<p>Upon their arrival in China, priests of the Society of Jesus, or Jesuits, quickly began writing their opinions and observations of the Ming Dynasty, of the Manchu invasion, and of the subsequent Qing Dynasty. These priests arrived in China with both secular and religious goals, and these goals created the context for their comments, coloring their writings. However, when the Jesuits praised the Qing Dynasty, they began to use particularly European metaphors in their descriptions of the Manchus, from appearance and mannerisms to policies. While the Jesuit descriptions serve as informative material, they are not objective, detached observations. In terms of their opinions, Jesuit writings offer historians critical information about the Jesuits themselves and about the Manchus as a distinctively non-Chinese dynasty, despite their efforts to Sinofy themselves in the eyes of the Han Chinese majority. </p>
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林亦英 and Susan Y. Y. Lam. "Huishi Fawei: the theoretical writing of Tangdai (1673 - after 1752)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31221130.
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Zhu, Weijia. "La diffusion et l'influence de la philosophie d'Aristote en Chine à partir des dynasties Ming et Qing." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0014.
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Cette thèse porte sur la diffusion et l’influence des idées d’Aristote en Chine de la fin de la dynastie Ming jusqu’à la période contemporaine. Le but de cette recherche consiste à cerner les impacts interculturels et à favoriser la compréhension des dialogues et des échanges entre la culture d’origine européenne et chinoise. Il était important de découvrir la traduction des oeuvres et les recherches spécialisées concernant la philosophie d’Aristote en Chine. Il semblait aussi pertinent de se pencher sur l’étude comparative entre la philosophie d’Aristote et quelques courants de pensée principaux de la Chine dans certains domaines, comme l’éthique et l’éducation de Confucius, la philosophie naturelle de Lao zi, la logique de Mo zi et la pensée politique de Han Feizi. Et pour conclure, il fallait reconnaître les influences considérables d’Aristote dans ces domaines en Chine. Cette étude s’appuie sur une base documentaire large et variée que j’ai dépouillée en France et en Chine<br>This thesis focuses on the spread and the influence of Aristotle¡¯s ideas in China from the end of the Ming`s Dynasty to the contemporary period. The purpose of this research is to identify the interculturals impacts and to promote the understanding of the dialogues and the exchanges between European and Chinese native culture. It was of great importance to find out the translation of the works and also the specialized research on the philosophy of Aristotle in China. In addition, a comparative study on the philosophy of Aristotle and several major schools of thought in China in some areas, such as the ethics and the education of Confucius, the natural philosophy of Laozi, the logic of Mo Zi and the political thought of Han Feizi. At the end, we try to conclude with the considerable influence of Aristotle in several areas in China. This study is based on a wide series of documents we have got through in France and in China
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Fong, Kam Ping. "The withering sprout : prefectural judiciary and legal professionalism in the early Qing dynasty." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/105.
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This study highlights the influence of the Ming-Qing transition on legal justice in China. According to mainstream sinicisation (Hanhua ..) theory, Manchu was assimilated into the Han majority and ruled China using the old Ming government system. This study proves otherwise via an extensive examination of the transition’s effect on legal justice, particularly the abolition of the prefectural judge (tuiguan..) position during the early Qing Dynasty. In the Yuan and Ming eras, judges emerged as unique officials specialising in juridical responsibilities and demonstrating the sophistication of legal justice. However, institutional reform during the Qing Dynasty pushed local administrators (prefects; zhifus..) into taking over prefectural judiciary responsibilities, gradually blurring the functional line between justice and civil executives until prefectural judges were ultimately banished from service. This study investigates the reasons behind the elimination of the prefectural judge position and the decline of legal professionalism in sixteenth and seventeenth century China. The findings demonstrate the great differences between the Ming and Qing legal systems and an alternative perspective for assessing the significance of the Ming-Qing transition is proposed.
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司徒元傑 and Yuen-kit Szeto. "Xiao Yuncong (1596-1669) and his landscape paintings." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31223424.
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Ko, Chau Suk-yin Alice, and 高周淑賢. "A study of the Eight Immortals of Yangzhou in the Qing Period." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31950966.
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Bianchi, Alice. "Mendiants et personnages de rue dans la peinture chinoise des Ming (1368-1644) et des Qing (1644-1911)." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INAL0017.
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Cette étude porte sur une tradition picturale méconnue, celle des Liumin tu (portraits d’errants, de mendiants, etc.), et se propose d’analyser et de définir ce genre avant qu’il ne sombre dans l’oubli général. Cette tradition se rattache à l’œuvre de Zheng Xia (1041-1119) qui, en 1074, soumit au trône un mémoire accompagné d’une peinture représentant les victimes d’une famine, pour demander des secours et dénoncer l’origine politique de la crise. La première partie de ce travail est consacrée au prototype du genre et à sa postérité directe : les mémoires illustrés, produits à partir de l’époque Ming par des fonctionnaires. Nous nous sommes interrogée sur les procédés employés pour décrire et mettre en image la catastrophe et ses victimes, mais aussi sur les fonctions de ces ouvrages et leurs modalités de transmission. Au XVIe siècle, apparaissent également des peintures qui présentent, à côté des réfugiés, des mendiants et d’autres déclassés. Au moins deux grands types émergent : les œuvres qui s’attachent à souligner les souffrances de ces gens, et celles les dépeignant dans des situations comiques ou grotesques. Dans la deuxième puis la troisième partie, nous suivons parallèlement le développement de ces deux traditions aux époques Ming et Qing. Il est apparu que si certaines œuvres décrivent les misères de ces chemineaux pour indigner et émouvoir le spectateur, comme les mémoires illustrés, d’autres présentent les maux de la société à travers ces personnages. Les peintres pouvaient combiner ces deux niveaux de commentaire dans une même œuvre et tenir plusieurs discours, suivant les situations auxquelles ils étaient confrontés et le public auquel ils s’adressaient<br>This dissertation focuses on a neglected tradition in Chinese painting known as Liumin tu (images of refugees, beggars, etc.), and proposes to define and analyze this genre, lifting it from general oblivion. This tradition is associated with Zheng Xia, who, in 1074, submitted a memorial to the throne along with a painting of disaster refugees in order to request assistance and denounce the misguided politics of the time. The first part of this study is devoted to the genre’s prototype and to a selected group of illustrated memorials produced by officials during the Ming and Qing period. The examples analyzed prompt an inquiry into the methods used to describe and paint disasters and their victims, the functions of these works, and their modes of transmission. In the 16th century, paintings appear that also present, alongside refugees, beggars and other street characters. At least two types emerge during this era: paintings endeavoring to highlight the plight of these people, and those depicting them in comic or grotesque situations. The second and third parts of this dissertation follow the developments of these two latter genres. It emerges that, while some works deploy the misery of these vagrants to move the viewer and fill him with indignation, as the illustrated memorials do, others instead aim to portray the ills of society through these same characters: beggars symbolizing those who beg for favors; blind people serving as a metaphor for people blinded by power and glory, and so on. Painters could combine these two levels of commentary in the same work and take different stances, depending on the situations they faced and the public they addressed
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Jiang, Yun. "The Making of the Ephemeral Beauty: Acceptance and Rejection of Patriarchal Constructions of Hongyan Boming in Late-Ming Texts." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/24177.
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This thesis explores how late-Ming writers interpreted the expression “beauty is ill-fated” (hongyan boming) and how male and female writers constructed and accepted the image of the ephemeral beauty (hongyan) differently. I argue that late-Ming male literati destigmatized and immortalized hongyan, but their interpretations of hongyan reinforced male fantasies about women, and served the status quo of the patriarchal family structure as well as the established literary conventions of the time. Female writers, conversely, often rejected the image and idea of hongyan and even managed to assert female subjectivity in order to reinterpret the male-constructed hongyan. However, ultimately, female writers of the period could not escape from the containment of these patriarchal literary conventions. Even for those female writers who have preserved their voices in their writings, women’s self-expressions have always been undergoing a seemingly infinite process of reinterpretations and reconstructions by male literati.
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Chi, Yu-chien, and 紀宇謙. "A Reasearch of Ming Zheng Againsts Qing Dynasty." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97635612541026663201.
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碩士<br>國立臺南大學<br>台灣文化研究所碩士班<br>99<br>Research on Zheng Cheng-gong has long been an important issue in the academia. There are many articles relating to him, and there have been rich accomplishments in terms of politics, economics, military, and society. However,it is regrettable that there are few thematic thesis or articles related to Zheng Cheng-gong for the resistance movement of Qing Dynasty, and these are especially few in Taiwan.Thus, this study seeks to discuss the background of Zheng’s attempt to restore the Ming Dynasty from political and military perspectives, how Zheng Cheng-gong resisted the Qing Dynasty on the mainland, the reasons for his failure, and the motivation for Zheng Cheng-gong in capturing Taiwan and the reasons for his demise.Furthermore, this study delineates the perspectives of“restoration of the Ming Dynasty ”and “establishment of a kingdom.” The purpose of this study is to provide a brief explanation of the resistance work by Ming-Zheng in the Qing Dynasty and show its trajectory. With the assistance of the advising professor, comprehensive additions and supplementations will be made in order to improve the content and to reach a certain standard.
Thus, the interpretive directions of this thesis are as follows:
1、This thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the “Introduction,” which will explain the research motivation and purpose of this thesis,followed by related research articles, the research materials used,and research methodology. Finally, the framework and arrangement of the entire thesis will be explained.
2、Chapter 2 is “Establishment of Southern Ming and the Military Rise of Zheng Cheng-gong.” This chapter explores the causes and effects of the rise and fall of the four kings of Southern Ming, then explains the reason for the military rise of Zheng Cheng-gong, as well as the organization and importance of his army.
3、Chapter 3 is “Resistance against the Qing Dynasty on the Mainland and Zheng Cheng-gong’s Failure.” This chapter first explains the geographic and strategic advantages of Jinmen and Xiamen, which is in turn used to explain how Zheng Cheng-gong obtained these two islands, as well as the influence on his losing the most important battle on the mainland against the Qing,the northern campaign to Nanjing. Finally, this chapter describes changes after losing the battle at Nanjing, as well as strategies taken by Zheng and the Qing Dynasty.
4、Chapter 4 is “Zheng’s capturing Taiwan, and Extinction.” This chapter explains the long-term and short-term reasons for Zheng Cheng-gong’s eastern campaign for Taiwan, and the necessity of taking Taiwan. Further, this chapter explains how Zheng Jing won victory in internal struggle and became king. In addition, the western campaign to the mainland was caused by the circumstances of “Revolt of the Three Feudatories,”and the reasons of success and failure are analyzed. Finally, the history of Zheng Jing and Revolt of the Three Feudatories is divided into three periods for discussion. Third, after Zheng Jing was defeated on the western campaign and returned to Taiwan , he gave the reins to politics to his eldest son Zheng Ke-zang. After the death of Zheng Jing, another internal struggle occurred within the Ming-Zheng regime,in which Zheng Ke-zang was killed in a coup.With the collusion of Feng Xifan and Liu Guoxuan, Zheng Ke-shuang became king, but as a mere puppet.With the control of Feng and Liu, the demise of Ming-Zheng was accelerated. Finally, this chapter analyzes and explains when Zheng Cheng-gong took Taiwan, whether he intended to“restore the Ming Dynasty” or to create a new kingdom.
5、Chapter 5 is the “Conclusion,” in which the author proposes research reflections and views as the ending of this thesis.
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Chi-TingChen and 陳佶廷. "The Development of Linqing in Ming and Qing period." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96061942153406443374.
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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>歷史學系碩博士班<br>99<br>During Ming and Qing period, Linqing City of Shandong Province is located
in the confluence of Grand Canal and Wei River, has its advantage points of
economic and geographical, and is typical of the canal city. The economic and
grain transportation policy are inseparable because the ship carries not only
grain and also greater amounts of private goods for the local people. The
Government wants to control the Grand Canal for the management of transport
activities by setting up grain silo and trade customs, it makes people for short
stay , it creates more commercial opportunities and act as a national commodity distribution center.
This article is going to deeply describes the period of the canal flow Linqing
market distribution, product categories and distribution channels and other
projects, to show the face of their commercial activities; and describe the
economic structure of the city of Linqing after impact by the commodity
economy in the local agricultural structure, such as business form different
provinces and different business level adjustment. However, Lingqing city was
affected by war during the Late Qing and early Republican Period, turmoil and
loss of part of the canal and other adverse conditions affecting the shipping
capacity, business activities tend to decline.
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Chen, Chi Chung, and 陳啟鐘. "Shaping of Lineage Consciousnes in Ming Qing Southern Fujian." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59917109895648234794.
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碩士<br>國立暨南國際大學<br>歷史學研究所<br>90<br>This paper studies the shaping of lineage consciousness in Ming Qing southern Fujian. Several issues are focused in this study: First, why were lineage organizations in Ming Qing southern Fujian so strong? and what were their specialities? Second, how would lineage handle various problems when the principle of respecting the ancestors (ching tsung) didn’t achieve the purpose of collecting the agnates (shou tsu)? Third, in case the interests of lineage didn’t conform with the principles of Neo-Confucianism or the purposes of the government, what would happen to them? and which one would hold the domination?
Lineage organizations often constructed and showed their glorious history by choosing worthy or valued members as their leaders, treating people with scholarly honors or an official rank with preference, and connecting themselves to famous persons. By doing these, they could gather the identity of lineage members, and ensure their existence and prosperity. Threatening from the external environment not only brought a crisis to lineage members, but also made lineage organizations more strengthened. Especially in struggling for resources, people in southern Fujian often obtained and occupied resources by the power of lineage organizations to ensure that they could have an advantageous position in economics or politics. When these interests were invaded by other lineage organizations, lineage members would gather together to defend themselves. This often led to conflicts and fights among lineage organizations.
In Ming-Qing dynasty, the interactions of lineage with the government were not simple. Lineage organizations could decide for themselves and act according to their own interests. Unavoidably the behaviors of some lineage organizations might damage the stability of the government or the society, such as resisting taxes or opposing commands from the government. Although lineage organizations could also help the government to preserve its stability, their ultimate goal was to keep the survival of their organizations. In fact, lineage organizations had an active position in their interactions with the Qing government, and wasn’t simply the vassal of the government.
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Scott, Gregory. "Heterodox religious groups and the state in Ming-Qing China." 2005. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=370209&T=F.
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Li, Yi-Chinag, and 李宜靜. "Impression of Taiwan in the Ming and Qing Dynasty Literature." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66254956079070780158.
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博士<br>東吳大學<br>中國文學系<br>100<br>In the Ming Dynasty, Taiwan is mainly treated as the navigation indicator between China and Liuqiu, and Taiwan has been appeared in leteratures as Xiaoliuqiu and Keelung islet; in 1603, Chen Di wrote “An Account of the Eastern Barbarians” for the people and things he had seen personally to record his impression of the aboriginal people in south-estern part of Taiwan; in 1618, the “Eastern Barbarians” in Zhang Xie’s literature, “Keelung, Tamshui”, means the aboriginal people in the Northern part of Taiwan. This is the impression of Taiwan in the eyes of the people in Ming Dynesty. Between 1624 and 1662, Dutch East India Company(VOC) occupied Taiwan. From 1626 to 1642, the Spanish people occupied the area around Tamshui and Keelung, they are Europeans who travelled oceans to Taiwan. In 1662, Zheng Chenggong expelled the ditches and using Taiwan as the base for anti-Qing Dynasty. In 1683, Zheng Ke-Shuang surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, Zheng Chenggong and Zheng Ke-Shuang gradually brought immigrants who are mainly from Fujian and Guangdong provinces. From folklore, we not only see the rise and fall of those tribes, it also reflects some phenomenon and mentality in Taiwan society. Hence, this paper follows the journey and the idea of “Coming to Taiwan from China”, based on the sequence of the literature, use the five themes to explore the changes and meanings in the folklore, reshaping the impression of Taiwan under the pen of the people in Ming and Qing dynasties.
The main points of each chapter are described as follows: Chapter 1, Introduction”, explains the motive and purpose of this study, explore the literatures throughout the history of Taiwan, briefly express the research method and each chapter. Chapter 2, “Ethnic impression in the legends of coming to Taiwan across the oceans”, discusses the Dutch, Black Ghost and the Legend of Taiwan Strait (Black Ditch), and through dealth and survival contrast to show our ancestors is a survival of the fittest nation. Chapter 3, “Wonderland Impression of the fairland legend”, from the fairland legend on TaKwuShan, DaGangShan, HengChun and Siou Gu Luan reflects the impression of Taiwan in the eyes of people in Ming and Qing dynasty is a iverse landscape, rich and long life fairland. Chapter 4, “Mining Impression from Gold mountin legend”, the legendary gold mountains are Keelungshan, GeZaiNan, DuoLuoMan, HongTouYu, and LangJiaoHou, contemporary literature confirms that the first three and nearby LangQiao gold-producing legend is a beautiful dream comes true, and the HongTouYu, and LangJiaoHou in Qing Dynasty legend is just an oral record. Charpter 5, “The Zheng Chenggong Image in the legendary literature”, from the legends of Whales, Jade Mining, Chientan and Gueishan island, to discuss the changes to the image of Zheng Chenggong and the expansion of the circle of legends. Chatper 6, “Aboriginal Image in the legendary literature”, talks about the aboriginal people of the early seventeenth century , Xiaoliuqiu in Black Ghost Cave legend, Farming and the Snake demon legend and customs, and discuss the difference between Han and aboriginal people from river bath customs, and from the transition of deer farm and Autum Maple Tree dryad legend to explain the population fluctuation in different tribes. Chapter 7, “Conclusion”, makes a comprehensive survey of the Taiwan Impression in the literature of Ming and Qing Dynasty, the image of ethinic pluralism and growth and decline of different ethinic groups show the course of development of Taiwan, the Taiwan Strait (Black Ditch) legend reflect sea adventure impression, and the fairland and gold mining legnend exhibit the expectation on rich and healthy life and the adventurous spirit of seeking profits from risks.
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Jang, Ching-fa, and 張清發. "A study of the Ming qing jia jiang xiao shuo." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54976790471099399761.
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博士<br>國立高雄師範大學<br>國文學系<br>93<br>Take a comprehensive view of with Ming qing jia jiang xiao shuo for the related treatise of the object, all just the story or individual novel study separately, didn't see treat this kind of novel as" a whole" yet currently of specialized talk about. With the jia jiang xiao shuo the development of the novel to see, There are two particularly remarkable :One is while using the generation accumulation the book. Two is Ming qing period to spread widely, and turn and put into formula with the type of recount the mode a great deal of propagation continuously. Therefore, how through such existence phenomenon, then investigate to surmount the history (the generation accumulation and become) in this novel, and the value that surmount the text originally (the work Wen yi bing zhuo ),this is Ming qing jia jiang xiao shuo the more deserve research of place. So, this thesis aims at the jia jiang xiao shuo the special features that the novel develops, with the literature value theory of logic system for theories according to, construct the procedure of study: Be first set out by the direction of "Sheng xing li xiang"（盛行里巷）, investigate the point to lie in jia jiang's evolving story, and the jia jiang is continuous the novel in the jia jiang xiao shou period edition of propagation continuously. Secondly, sets out by the direction of "Wen yi bing zhuo "（文意並拙）, recounts jia jiang xiao shou mode together of phenomenon, inquire into its type turns, the mode turns of the sign and the meaning. Again, take the investigation result of "Sheng xing li xiang"（盛行里巷） and "Wen yi bing zhuo"（文意並拙） as the foundation, then investigate jia jiang xiao shou the cultural import of the novel. End, according to the result of whole research, make the development phenomenon of Ming qing jia jiang xiao shuo homologous evaluation.
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Chang, Ya-Wen, and 張雅雯. "Historiography of Ming-Qing Gazetters of Jiading County in Souther Jiangsu." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14269324715592659400.
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碩士<br>東吳大學<br>歷史學系<br>100<br>Gazetteer is a type of genre with many valuable resources for contemporary scholars. It not only draws our attention to look into the conditions of context how gazetteers were made, but also practical reference for executives; and further, for persons who took compiling as their mission, gazetteer bore the sincere expectation from local society, and a media carried out recording local stories and constructing local imaginations. In the course of historic approach, compiling gazetteer was a prevalent action from royal court to local provinces, prefectures, counties in Ming and Qing Dynasty which both were golden age for compiling gazetteer. County gazetteers were processed practically via investigating local conditions and collecting material on the spot. Within the period of Ming and Qing Dynasty, the times of compiling Jiading county gazetteer was most intensive. this article focus on Jiading county, not only clarify the context and origin of Jiading county gazetteers, but try to understand the motive and power why Ming and Qing Dynasty keep compiling gazetteer. By comparing to different styles of Jiading county gazetteers, although both were unavoidable trend for style to be systematic and for content to be limited gradually, compilers still observed the unique character of local place and tried to render the special feature of Jiading.
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CHEN, YI-CHUNG, and 陳一中. "The Change of Jiangnan's Gentry in the Ming-Qing Dynastic Transition." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x753e5.
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碩士<br>國立暨南國際大學<br>歷史學系<br>105<br>The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of Jiangnan's gentry (江南士大夫) in the Ming-Qing dynastic transition. This thesis are two subjects: the first part of study is the relationship between clan organizations and the imperial examination system (科舉制度), and the second part investigates the power of Jiangnan's gentry in the Ming-Qing dynastic transition.
The first chapter discusses the formation of Jiangnan clan. The Jiangnan's literati wanted to have a united clan organizations, because many members of family got success in civil service examinations. They forged a fake genealogy and built ancestral hall, so their clan organization is still a pseudo clan (擬制宗族).
The second to fourth chapters turns to the other side. In the middle-late Ming dynasty, the gentry can exempt from certain corvee and taxes. In order to survive or escape from corvee, common people sought refuge with the gentry. Therefore, many people pretended to be tenants. When the political unrest, conflict between the gentry and common people tended to become more and more radical. In addition, this study also examines the process of fleeing Jiangnan's gentry, and their interaction with the new government.
In the early Qing Dynasty, the central government abolished the old policy, as a result, the tax evasion case occurred in Jiangnan (江南奏銷案). The Jiangnan's gentry lost power and paid their taxes in time. At the same time, The local government of Songjiang implemented new policies—the equal field equal service system (均田均役), thus the behavioral patterns of Jiangnan's gentry significantly changed. Finally the last part of the thesis explores the rise of Jiangnan's gentry in the Qing Dynasty.
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蘇美文. "Seven udumbara : female Zen masters in the Ming-Qing transitional period." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/login?o=dnclcdr&s=id=%22096CHU00045002%22.&searchmode=basic.
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Yi, Huang Wan, and 黃婉儀. "An Evidential Research on the Anthologies of Ming Qing Xiqu Plays." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32wnc5.
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博士<br>國立中央大學<br>中國文學系<br>107<br>This study is a research upon the remainingforty-five types of anthologies of selected xiquplays, conducted to fulfill three core purposes.
First, is the establishment of a precise classification for the selected xiqu plays according to their concepts, directions, genres, methods, and respective attributes through thorough textual analysis. Furthermore, the research analyses the three distinctive categories of the anthologies of selected xiqu plays, by understanding their characteristics and history of development, to finally, interpret the overall history of development of the anthologies of selected xiqu plays from the Ming and Qing Dynasty.
This study segregates the anthologies of selected xiquplays into 6 periods, further discussing each period under each corresponding chapter:
Chapter1: The Rise 1553-1601 A.D. (from Ming Jiajing 32nd to Wanli 29th)
Chapter2: The Development 1602-1619 A.D. (from Ming Wanli 30th to Wanli 47th)
Chapter3: The Maturity 1620-1644 A.D. (from Ming Taichang 1st to Chongzhen 17th)
Chapter4: The Prosper 1628-1661 A.D. (from MingChongzhen to Shunzhi 18th)
Chapter 5: The Distortion 1662-1795 A.D. (from Qing Kangxi 1st to Qianlong 60th)
Chapter 6: The Decline 1796-1911 A.D. (from Qing Jiaqing 1st to Xuangtong 3rd)
This study wishes to carry out a conversation with previous studies, and approach the designated issue under a reconstructed perspectives.
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SU, SHU-HUEI, and 蘇淑惠. "A study on Daoist Psychic Therapy in Ming and Qing Dynasties." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31242841323356078565.
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碩士<br>輔仁大學<br>宗教學系碩士在職專班<br>105<br>Taoist Zu-you practice (a medical treatment practiced by a Chinese shaman doctor by means of praying or uttering an incantation) originated from Chinese shamanism. In the past, shamans took the responsibility of being a doctor. That’s why we say shamans and doctors were of the same origin. Shamans bore a striking resemblance to doctors despite the fact that throughout history, both their statuses rose and fell from time to time and that at some point they converged while at another point they dispersed.
This present study aims to explore the origin and development of the Zu-you practice and analyze how medical treatments and diseases are perceived in this practice. With examples of Zu-you practices in the Ming and Qing Dynasty, this paper examines the conception of medical treatment from the Taoist perspective.
Before the Spring and Autumn period (722-481 BC), it was the time when doctors were mainly shamans. Shamanism was the mainstream medical resorts. After the Spring and Autumn period, it was the time when doctors and shamans were differentiated. Chinese medicine began to rise and went mainstream. In Sui Dynasty (581-618) and Tang Dynasty (618-907), Zu-you began to receive emphasis from the government and was incorporated into the official medical system. The two dynasties marked an important milestone in the development of Zu-you in the official medical system.
The Zu-you practice, originating from shamanism, is considered a form of traditional Chinese medicine. Shamans, including Wu (female shamans), Xi (male shamans), Fang-shi (sorcerers), and Dao-shi (Taoist priests), with their magnificent medical practice or magical charms saved a great number of people from the plague, various diseases or catastrophes considered caused by spirits or the universe. At that time, shamans presented their ability to heal people’s psychological problems and inhibit the spread of epidemics. This demonstrates the true spirits of Taoist Zu-you practice—dispelling disasters, curing diseases and praying for well-being.
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潘慈慧. "The Research of "Tonggu Qige" in the Ming and Qing Dynasties." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07067086849770697129.
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Wu, Ren Shu, and 巫仁恕. "Urban Riots and Disturbances in Late Ming and Early Qing Period." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18485389338622886325.
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Wei-ming, Li, and 李偉銘. "Agent Mechanism between Government and Society：Xiejia during the Ming and Qing Dynasties." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22444075250189896086.
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碩士<br>國立暨南國際大學<br>歷史學系<br>96<br>The thesis lays its stress on Xiejia, and conducts investigation through its background, activity and management system. With the views of the authority and the people during the Ming and Qing dynasties, this search tries to explain the reasons why Xiejia were widespread in the local societies and eventually became an agent mechanism between government and society.
The Xiejia is originally refers to “the hotel”, but outside hotel this basic service, in the tax payment, the lawsuit, river transport or as military assistance perhaps the transaction situation, we all may see the Xiejia activity situation. Also is outside hotel this common service, has had the different service respectively in the different situation. But in the tax payment and the lawsuit situation Xiejia activity, its region mainly is in fu, state and county, moreover has one kind of agent mechanism between government and society tendency. Therefore this essay discussion center of gravity mainly places the tax payment and the lawsuit aspect Xiejia activity, concentrates in fu, state and county region.
About Xiejia's management system, I thought has four directions to be possible roughly to carry on pondered：First. Who does manage this Xiejia？Second. How does proprietor's capital source？But obstructs in the material relations, about manages Xiejia’s capital source, I am unable to carry on the discussion. Third. Where is the Xiejia management place？Finally, then is manages the hotel regarding the operator the way, the strategy and the benefit carries on the discussion.
Moreover, from in the record which at that time stays behind, may discover the hotel the image was not very good. But I thought no matter is speaking of the government or the populace, Xiejia has its existence significance. And Xiejia the reason that can universal existence local society, this be completely Xiejia can conform to the official as well as populace's demand, the acting agent mechanism between government and society, also because of Xiejia can enliven in local society.
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Huang, Chiou-jiuan, and 黃萩娟. "The studies of Ming and Qing Dynasty’s theatrical troupe in Yangzhou area." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67385600168265889444.
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碩士<br>東吳大學<br>中國文學系<br>97<br>The reason Yangzhou theatrical world were popular, has its advantageous development condition, since Ming and Qing Dynasties, the economic model transforms, the lower level merchants rise from the tradition social class, under the emerging social conditions, the capital abundant merchants become the most powerful supporter for the development of theatrical troupes; furthermore, Emperor Qianlong in Qianlong 16 year (1751), 22 year (1757), 27 year (1762), 30 year (1765), 45 year (1780), 49 year (1784), travel south for six times, which has stimulated Yangzhou's urban development, also gives Yangzhou’s theatrical world the best stage. With the union of economy, culture, and political superiority, the Yangzhou theatrical world shine greatly. There’s Beijing theatrical troupes in the north and Yangzhou theatrical troupes in the south. In order to understand more completely about the development of Yangzhou theatrical world, this paper base on the performance community which (actor) frames by the drama activity main body ── “theatrical troupe” is the object of study, “Ming and Qing Dynasties” are the periods of the research, “Yangzhou area” is the sample scope, “the performing arts” as the standard, through the macroscopic angle of view, to analyze the prosperity and decline vein of “Yangzhou dramatic world” , and with comparison of the drama history, to show the significance of Ming and Qing Dynasties Yangzhou area theatrical troupe's activity in Chinese drama history.
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黃有祿. "Push and pull:The External Migration of Ming-Qing South Fujianese,1567-1840." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69572011484700220363.
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碩士<br>國立暨南國際大學<br>歷史學研究所<br>88<br>In the history of overseas Chinese, south Fujian is always an important source area of emigrants. The population of the region long had the phenomenon of outer flow. However, the factors that result in the population emigration changed in different periods. The Opium War in 1840 is generally viewed as a key ridge. Before and after 1840, the different emigration phenomena show in different amount of population and Qing government''s policy transformation toward the approval of free overseas emigration. The European colonial business in Southeast Asia after 1570 was the most important factor to Chinese emigration before the Opium war. Since the European''s goal was trade, the meaning of Chinese emigrants to them were the source of market demand and the supply of labor. In addition, the political, economic and social problems in south Fujian itself and its people''s tradition to do trade abroad also provide the dynamics of the emigration movement.
In the study, "Push force" and "Pull force" are two concepts introduced to explain how the emigration from south Fujian formed. In simple words, "Push force" made the south Fujianese choose to abandon their homeland, while "Pull force" attract them to a new settlement in oversea region. In the analysis of Push force, several discussions are included: (1) the population pressure, which was the main problem of south Fujian; (2) the tradition to do trade abroad, which enabled south Fujian people gain emigration information and transportation. (3) Ming and Qing government''s emigration policy, which provided the convenience for south Fujianese to go abroad. (4) Dynasty change, which made those opposed to the new regime move away. In the analysis of Pull force, the main discussion is how the emigrants to select a proper location. Generally, they may consider natural environment, economic reason, and clan or family factors. Moreover, the political environment in area of arrival also had influence on the attitude of local regime to the emigrants. The native and colonial regime both took the welcome attitude when they feel in need of the Chinese emigrants. When the amount of Chinese emigrants were too high to them, they used various means to reduce the Chinese emigrants even the massacre. However, it didn''t deter Chinese people keep immigrating into those regions. From this point, the main pull force of Chinese emigration should be economic factors.
Due to the change of times and the transformation of outer environment, south Fujianese''s emigration also changed. After the period of Ming government''s maritime prohibitions, the main emigration location was Philippines. The important reasons were economic pulls and Spanish''s solicit. In the early period of Qing Dynasty, the main location was Taiwan because of the political reason. After the maritime prohibitions of Qing the main locations included Taiwan, Malaya peninsula and Batavia. The main reasons were the colonist government''s solicit and the increase of population in south Fujian.
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曾世豪. "A Study of the Writing of Yamato Peril in Ming-Qing Fictions." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44e7rs.
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Lee, Pei-Jung, and 李佩蓉. "The Writing and Alternation of "Daughterness" in the Ming and Qing Dynasties." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v987f7.
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博士<br>國立政治大學<br>中國文學系<br>106<br>This study highlighted the cultural characteristics of the Chinese home based on women’s studies. We focused on the writings of daughters in the Ming and Qing dynasties, examining how daughters’ already-but-not-yet-defined identities impact the existing familial orders through their process of leaving home and getting married and thus enable them to develop self-awareness.
Narratives in the Ming and Qing dynasties transitioned from elegance to vulgarity and from extraordinary to ordinary. Following this trend, daughters in literature had their own voice, with an image of being knowledgeable and ambitious. Literati wrote about the characters of daughters as a metaphor of self-consciousness but restrained the characters concurrently from a patriarchal perspective, thus creating contexts that contained numerous tensional elements such as high-profile assertions, conflicting standpoints, swaying words, and even evasive and empty rhetoric. These contexts reveal that the daughter writings reflected the core thinking of individuals and groups in Chinese culture, meanwhile subtly contributing to a new interpretation of balance between affection and etiquette, which the author may be aware or unaware of, and constructing the daughters’ complicated, back-and-forth process of self-awareness both in reality and in literature.
Chapters 3 and 5 describe the topics of affection and competence, respectively. Feng Menglong’s rewriting of classical Chinese works into vernacular versions was used as a reference. We examined the presentation of representative daughters, namely Zhuo Wenjun(卓文君), Cui Yingying(崔鶯鶯), Shu Xiaomei(蘇小妹), Li Cuilian(李翠蓮), and Hua Mulan(花木蘭), in the narratives in the Ming and Qing dynasties. They respectively represent five types of daughters: home-leaving, disobedient, talented, outspoken, and commanding. This study explored how daughters planned and acted in just or concealing ways when their intelligence, affections, poetic sentiments, articulateness, and visions exceeded customs, how others interpreted and responded according to customs, what “defense” measures they adopted, and how they accepted or tolerated the daughters’ “misbehavior.” Moreover, the relationship between the characters and authors, who collaborated with or counteracted against each other, was investigated to identify how they seek a new way between affection and etiquettes.
The second, fourth, and sixth sections of this research are complementary to each other, supporting the proposed five daughter types. Chapter two illustrates the historical background of the literature in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Through the Four Books for Women (Nu Sishu), dilemmas of filial piety and fidelity, and aesthetics on exemplary women and virtuous ladies, we explored the spatiotemporal backgrounds of the emergence of women’s education in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The backgrounds led to the literati’s diversion from classics or their insistence on protecting the ethical principles in classics, thus forming the conflicts between moral and affection codes. In particular, Feng Menglong’s strategy of rewriting classical works into vernacular versions highlighted the affection codes that catered to the public, pioneering the dialogue between myriad daughter writings. Chapter four presents an intermediary introduction that analyzes the entanglement of family affairs centered on daughters. The relationship between the daughters and their homes as well as the dynamics of their affections was observed to provide a view close to real-life situations. Chapter six summarizes and delves deeper into daughter writing. The flow and transitions in the novels were analyzed. Plots including a deity descending to mortal life and a daughter’s elopement were linked to strengthen the discourse on the linkage and dialectics between the self-awareness of literati and the daughter characters. Case studies on three classics, namely Yu-Jiao-Li（玉嬌梨）, Ping Shan Leng Yan（平山冷燕）, and Haoqiu Zhuan（好逑傳）, were conducted to analyze daughters’ practical strategies of boldness and wisdom under the moral codes of that time, and to present the temperament of the daughters, which is characterized by both men’s ambitious mindset and women’s intelligence and resilience.
This study decoded the dynamic elements in self-awareness encompassed in daughter writing in Chinese culture. Identifying the growth of self-awareness hidden within literature, we proposed hypotheses that before the discourse of the Young China (Shaonian Zhongguo 少年中國) by Liang Qichao(梁啟超), some works of daughter writing had focused on the topic of home with novels as the main carrier, challenging the theory of the old China. However, the writing movement never stepped onto the stage nor did it assert or present specific ideas. The works were either emotional and touching or fake and hypocritical, and they sometimes presented dubious debates or sincere communications. The purpose of the works was not necessarily utter rebellion but a self-questioning process of inward conversations that are worthy of attention.
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Sze, Tak Pui. "Eschatology in Ming-Qing sectarian precious volumes (baojuan) and its daoist elements." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/14064.
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The Ming-Qing era (1368-1912) was an important period in the history of Chinese popular religious sects. Modem scholars have paid attention to their development for a long time, and have conducted a lot of studies, some of which deal with the relationship of popular sects to Daoism. Few scholars focus on Daoist elements in sectarian eschatology although it is one of the important themes of sectarian teachings in the Ming and Qing. What are the contents of Daoist eschatology? Are there any similarities and differences between Daoist and sectarian views on the end of the world and collective suffering and salvation? What was the early development of sectarian eschatology? The intention of this thesis is to investigate these issues. This thesis is mainly based on textual studies; the two main kinds of primary sources are the Daoist texts of the Six Dynasties (220 A.D.-589) collected in the Daoist Canon (Daozang), and precious volumes (baojuan), the scriptures of popular sects. The Six-Dynasties period was a chaotic period after the collapse of the Han empire (206 B.C.-220 AD), a dynasty that had been one of golden ages of Chinese history. The scriptures composed during this period present us with contemporary understandings of collective sufferings and prophecies. Baojuan literature appeared in the mid-Ming, and was devoted to sectarian doctrines and myths. From the discussions of this thesis, it can be concluded that the eschatological belief was not exclusive to the common people in China, and it was an indigenous tradition shared by ordinary sectarian members and literati Daoist believers. Although there are exceptions in early scriptures, in most Ming-Qing precious volumes the explanation of disasters and the expectation of a blissful age came from Daoist tradition. Buddhist terminology and narratives about universal crises made a contribution to sectarian eschatology, but sectarian writers do not adopt many important Buddhist philosophical ideas. Compared with their Daoist counterparts, Buddhist borrowings are superficial.
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LIU, YI-FANG, and 劉伊芳. "The Tax and Corvee Reform in Ming Qing Zhangzhou Fujian, 1368-1735." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/gky5a7.
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博士<br>國立暨南國際大學<br>歷史學系<br>107<br>Since Five dynasty and late Tang period, there had been formed a local taxation in Minnan. Caused by the Jiedushi, Liu Congxiao and Chen Hongjin etc., who continually collected from and signed duties to the local for keeping their own family and army, Minnan region had formed a regional tax system in Zhangzhou and Quanzhou which even affected Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasty. By the time of Zhu Yuangzhang, the government started operating LiJia sysytem and editing Fishscale Map Registers that weaken the regional tax system gradually. Meanwhile, affected by multiple land ownership and family organizations, the tax system in Zhanzhou had its own operation and territoriality eventually.
After Youngle and Xuande, followed with collapsing of LiJia sysytem, hidden and false register of family and land had caused local government struggled with overflowed tax and lack of labor. During Zhengde, Longqin, Wanli, local govern and inspectors tried to fix the problems with developing more tax and labor systems, such as single-whip method. But adding more duties lured out negative impact of multiple land ownership that became local governs’ target to reform, then ended up failing because of extra charging for adding military payment in boundaries in late period of Wanli.
In early period of Qing, coastal region fell into chaos and the refugee burst, effected governor expropriating tax or food, especially Zhanzhou. When the Great Evacuation started, beyond the frontier suffered major damage to society and economics but inner of frontier got the chance recovering therefore stored the energy to plan a new tax system based on the size of land then charged tax from the owner except farmer since the first restore of the coastal area. After second restore, Zhangpu and Zhaoan pulled the new system with household register, the taxation though got recovery gradually. As Changtai and Ningyang where beared heavy duties finally finished arrangement of taxation until Yongzheng with spared duties into land tax.
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游欣婷. "The Development and Social Interaction in Bathhouses in Ming and Qing Dynasty." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62999615901988030566.
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碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>歷史研究所<br>98<br>The development of bathhouses means new space appears and the habits of bath change. The bathhouses are different from homes, and people have more contacts with one another. The bathhouses are not only for bath, but also for social contacts.
The rise of cities and changing population help the development of bathhouses. Generally speaking, bathhouses began from Song Dynasty. They were continued in Yuan Dynasty and then more blossomed in Ming and Qing Dynasty. Bathhouses usually located at where there was water, and it would be better with convenient traffic. The interiors of bathhouses in Ming and Qing Dynasty met people’s needs, and bath was joyful. They differed because of their types. The interiors of common bathhouses were simple while special bathhouses provided separate rooms.
Those who came to bathhouses included not only travelers but common people, scholars, businessmen and even officials. But that people took a bath nakedly together made privacy gone. It’s the biggest difference between bathhouses and other public places. Scholars disliked bathing with common people, therefore they had some opinions. They thought it was not proper manner, and they wanted to be separated from common people because they had sense of superior. Special bathhouses met their needs, and bathhouses could divide people into different groups.
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Mao, Hsiang-Yi, and 毛香懿. "A Study of Ming-Qing Shi-Shuo Form of Children''s Writing." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86568956826344864069.
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