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Academic literature on the topic 'Dinoflagellés – Écologie – Arctique, Océan'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dinoflagellés – Écologie – Arctique, Océan"
Onda, Deo Florence. "Variabilité temporelle, diversité et biogéographie des ciliés et dinoflagellés dans l'Océan Arctique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27770.
Full textImpacts of climate change on microbial communities in the Arctic Ocean have been mostly reported for major phytoplankton groups, with less attention to microzooplankton, such as ciliates and dinoflagellates, which have multiple ecological roles. For example, many ciliates and dinoflagellates are mixotrophic and could indirectly influence biogeochemical cycles by grazing on bacterivores and small plankton and linking the microbial loop with the higher trophic levels. The aim of this thesis was to address knowledge gaps in microzooplankton phylogeny, ecology and distribution with a goal of providing information needed to eventually predict of microzooplankton responses to the changing Arctic. We used high throughput amplicon sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene and 18S rRNA (as cDNA) to generate community and diversity profiles, which were used to test hypotheses on microzooplankton assembly across time and space. Results showed that microzooplankton exhibited strong seasonality in response to changing conditions in Amundsen Gulf. Similar summer assemblages were seen from 2003-2010 with the exception in July 2008 following the summer ice minimum record in 2007. Canada Basin dinoflagellate communities were governed by both deterministic and stochastic processes that were dependent on the variability of the environment, indicating potential sensitivity to environmental change. We inferred that dinoflagellates and other taxa with similar functional roles could provide stability to food and energy flows under conditions of light- or nutrient-limitation associated with a deepening nitracline. The high diversity and ubiquity of ciliates and dinoflagellates also suggest a complexity within microbial food webs and new research opportunities for oceanographers.
Terrado, Ramon. "Diversité et succession des protistes dans l'océan Arctique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27849/27849.pdf.
Full textBouchard, Caroline. "Boreogadus saida et Arctogadus glacialis : Vie larvaire et juvénile de deux gadidés se partageant l'océan Arctique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30269/30269.pdf.
Full textThe very abundant polar cod (Boreogadus saida) plays a preponderant role in the Arctic marine ecosystem and consequently has received significant attention in recent years. The ice cod (Arctogadus glacialis), a common species in all Arctic seas, is much less studied. Both species co-occur on Arctic continental shelves and their early life stages are often found together in ichthyoplanktonic collections. However, larvae and juveniles of polar cod and ice cod are almost impossible to differentiate. Only genetic tools, or a method using the size of the otolith nucleus developed in this thesis, can distinguish the two species. These identification methods allowed to study for the first time ice cod early life stage ecology and estimate the proportion of this species in Arctic gadids samples. In light of observations made in the Beaufort Sea, it seems that young ice cod are about twenty times less abundant, hatch at a larger size, grow at the same rate, and have a mortality rate inferior to young polar cod. For polar cod, the hypothesis that some larvae hatch in winter near river plumes, was tested, first by comparing the hatching season in six regions of the Arctic characterized by different freshwater inputs. Consistent with this hypothesis, hatching starts in winter in seas receiving large river discharge while hatching starts in spring in regions with limited freshwater inputs. The larvae hatched in winter benefit from a long growth season allowing them to reach larger pre-winter size than larvae hacth in summer, a condition that likely favors their survival. This same hypothesis was further tested by comparing the otolith chemistry of polar cod juveniles from those six regions, and the differences observed seem to support the hypothesis. On-going trends of earlier ice break-up, warmer surface layer, and increased river discharge could favor polar cod, and possibly also ice cod, recruitment. Arise from this thesis an increased knowledge of the ecology of gadids living in an Ocean facing a plethora of changes.
Le, Bescot Noan. "Patrons de biodiversité a' l'échelle globale chez les dinoflagellés planctoniques marins." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00974287.
Full textBœuf, Dominique. "Importance écologique des bactéries photohérérotrophes dans l'océanArctique." Paris 6, 2013. http://hal.upmc.fr/tel-00830741.
Full textThe photoheterotrophy is the capacity to use both organic substrates and light energy. The aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (AAPB), the proteorhodopsin-containing bacteria (PRB) and the picocyanobacteria (Synechococcus) practice it. Increases in organic carbon exported by rivers and in exposure of sea surface to solar radiations are intensifying in Arctic. Hence, this study area is particulary interesting to understand the role of these bacteria in carbon and light uses. Using multiple approaches in absolute quantification, cultural and molecular diversities, our study is the first to characterize at high resolution scale the photoheterotrophs in the Arctic Ocean. Picocyanobacteria were only detectable in the Mackenzie estuary whereas AAPB and PRB were present throughout the Beaufort Sea. AAPs were strongly linked with river inputs contrasting to PRB, principally oligotrophs. Both distributions of AAPB and PRB exhibited different patterns of those of bacterioplankton suggesting an ecological advantage of the photoheterotrophy in these waters. The AAPB community was dominated by a new Betaproteobacterial clade and Rhodobacterales. Alphaproteobacteria, especially the SAR11 group and SAR116 endemic clades, dominated the PR community. The majority of PRB groups actively expressed the PR suggesting probable benefits. Together, our data highlight the photoheterotrophy is common in Arctic Ocean and suggest that his role could be different depending on the environmental conditions encountered
Boeuf, Dominique. "importance écologique des bactéries photohétérotrophes dans l'océan arctique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00830741.
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