Academic literature on the topic 'Dinosaurs'
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Journal articles on the topic "Dinosaurs"
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Nesbitt, Sterling J., Paul M. Barrett, Sarah Werning, Christian A. Sidor, and Alan J. Charig. "The oldest dinosaur? A Middle Triassic dinosauriform from Tanzania." Biology Letters 9, no. 1 (February 23, 2013): 20120949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0949.
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The rise of dinosaurs was a major event in vertebrate history, but the timing of the origin and early diversification of the group remain poorly constrained. Here, we describe Nyasasaurus parringtoni gen. et sp. nov., which is identified as either the earliest known member of, or the sister–taxon to, Dinosauria. Nyasasaurus possesses a unique combination of dinosaur character states and an elevated growth rate similar to that of definitive early dinosaurs. It demonstrates that the initial dinosaur radiation occurred over a longer timescale than previously thought (possibly 15 Myr earlier), and that dinosaurs and their immediate relatives are better understood as part of a larger Middle Triassic archosauriform radiation. The African provenance of Nyasasaurus supports a southern Pangaean origin for Dinosauria.
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Chure, Daniel J. "Quo Vadis Tyrannosaurus?: The Future of Dinosaur Studies." Short Courses in Paleontology 2 (1989): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475263000000957.
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“Although I work a lot with fossils in my own research on fishes, I do not care to be called a paleontologist; and I am turned off by many aspects of the public-relations hoopla surrounding paleontology, especially dinosaurs…. One could easily argue that the schools' fascination with dinosaurs might also detract from the other aspects of earth science and biological science and, in the end, weaken paleontology's image as an activity for hard-nosed grown-ups.”K.S. Thomson, 1985: p. 73“Let dinosaurs be dinosaurs. Let the Dinosauria stand proudly alone, a Class by itself. They merit it. And let us squarely face the dinosaurness of birds and the birdness of the Dinosauria. When the Canada geese honk their way northward, we can say: “The dinosaurs are migrating, it must be spring!”R.T. Bakker, 1986: p. 462It is a now oft-repeated statement that we are in the Second Golden Age of dinosaur studies. This may at first seem to be yet another overstatement by dinosaur fanatics; in fact, it is substantiated on a number of fronts. Research activity is certainly at an all-time high, with resident dinosaur researchers on every continent (except Antarctica) and dinosaurs known from every continent (including Antarctica). This activity has resulted in a spate of discoveries, including not only new genera and species, but entirely new types of dinosaurs, such as the segnosaurs. Well-known groups are producing surprises, such as armored sauropods and sauropods bearing tail clubs. Good specimens of previously named genera are revealing unsuspected structural features that almost defy explanation, as in the skull of Oviraptor. However, dinosaur studies extend far beyond the traditional emphasis on dinosaur morphology, and encompass paleobiogeography, paleoecology, taphonomy, physiology, tracks, eggs, histology, and extinction, among others. In some cases, several of these studies can be applied to a single taxon or locality to give us a fairly detailed understanding of the paleobiology of some species.
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Nesbitt, Sterling J., and Hans-Dieter Sues. "The osteology of the early-diverging dinosaur Daemonosaurus chauliodus (Archosauria: Dinosauria) from the Coelophysis Quarry (Triassic: Rhaetian) of New Mexico and its relationships to other early dinosaurs." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191, no. 1 (August 3, 2020): 150–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa080.
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Abstract The early evolution of dinosaurs is documented by abundant postcranial material, but cranial material is much rarer and comparisons of cranial features among early dinosaurs are limited to only a few specimens. Here, we fully detail the osteology of the unusual early-diverging dinosaur Daemonosaurus chauliodus from the latest Triassic Coelophysis Quarry in northern New Mexico, USA. The taxon possesses a unique and curious suite of character states present in a variety of early dinosaurs, and the morphology of D. chauliodus appears to link the morphology of Herrerasaurus with that of later diverging eusaurichians. Our phylogenetic analyses places D. chauliodus at the base of dinosaurs and our interpretation of the unusual mix of character states of D. chauliodus does not lead to a firm conclusion about its nearest relationships or its implications for the evolution of character state transitions at the base of Dinosauria. The combination of character states of D. chauliodus should not be ignored in future considerations of character evolution in early dinosaurs. As one of the last members of the earliest radiation of saurischians in the Carnian–early Norian, D. chauliodus demonstrates that members of the original diversification of dinosaurs survived until nearly the end of the Triassic Period.
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Leach, Connor T., Emma Hoffman, and Peter Dodson. "The promise of taphonomy as a nomothetic discipline: taphonomic bias in two dinosaur-bearing faunas in North America1." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 58, no. 9 (September 2021): 852–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2020-0176.
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The fossil record of dinosaurs is a rich, if biased, one with nearly complete skeletons, partial skeletons, and isolated parts found in diverse, well-studied faunal assemblages around the world. Among the recognized biases are the preferential preservation of large dinosaurs and the systematic underrepresentation of small dinosaurs. Such biases have been quantitatively described in the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, where large, nearly complete dinosaurs were found and described early in collecting history and small, very incomplete dinosaurs were found and described later. This pattern, apparently replicated in the Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation of Montana, is so striking that it begs the question of whether this is a nomothetic principle for the preservation of dinosaur faunas elsewhere. We tested this hypothesis by analyzing the very well-studied dinosaur fauna of the Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) Morrison Formation of the western United States. The Morrison Formation fails to show any correlation between body size and completeness, order of discovery, or order of description. Both large and small dinosaurs of the Morrison include highly complete as well as highly incomplete taxa, and both large and small dinosaurs were discovered and described early in collecting history as well as more recently. The differences in preservation between the Dinosaur Park Formation and the Morrison Formation are so striking that we posit a Dinosaur Park model of dinosaur fossil preservation and a Morrison model. Future study will show whether either or both represent durable nomothetic models for dinosaur fossil preservation.
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Padian, Kevin. "The problem of dinosaur origins: integrating three approaches to the rise of Dinosauria." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 103, no. 3-4 (September 2012): 423–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691013000431.
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ABSTRACTThe problem of the origin of dinosaurs has historically had three dimensions. The first is the question of whether Dinosauria is monophyletic, and of its relationships to other archosaurs. This question was plagued from the beginning by a lack of relevant fossils, an historical burden of confusing taxonomic terms and a rudimentary approach to devising phylogenies. The second dimension concerns the functional and ecological adaptations that differentiated dinosaurs from other archosaurs, a question also marred by lack of phylogenetic clarity and testable biomechanical hypotheses. The third dimension comprises the stratigraphic timing of the origin of dinosaurian groups with respect to each other and to related groups, the question of its synchronicity among various geographic regions, and some of the associated paleoenvironmental circumstances. None of these dimensions alone answers the question of dinosaur origins, and they sometimes provide conflicting implications. Since Dinosauria was named, one or another set of questions has historically dominated academic discussion and research. Paradigms have shifted substantially in recent decades, and current evidence suggests that we are due for more such shifts. I suggest two changes in thinking about the beginning of the “Age of Dinosaurs”: first, the event that we call the (phylogenetic) origin of dinosaurs was trivial compared to the origin of Ornithodira; and second, the “Age of Dinosaurs” proper did not begin until the Jurassic. Re-framing our thinking on these issues will improve our understanding of clade dynamics, timing of macroevolutionary events, and the effects of Triassic climate change on terrestrial vertebrates.
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Jenkins, Xavier, John Foster, and Robert Gay. "First unambiguous dinosaur specimen from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation in Utah." Geology of the Intermountain West 4 (December 15, 2017): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31711/giw.v4.pp231-242.
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Triassic dinosaurs represent relatively rare but important components of terrestrial faunas across Pangea. Whereas this record has been well studied at various locales across the American West, there has been no previous systematic review of Triassic material assigned to Dinosauria from Utah. Here, we critically examine the published body fossil and footprint record of Triassic dinosaurs from Utah and revise their record from the state. In addition, we describe a sacrum from a locality within the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation of southeastern Utah. _is specimen represents the only unambiguous Triassic dinosaur body fossil from Utah. MWC 5627 falls within the range of variation known for sacrum morphology from Coelophysis bauri. Based on a literature review and examination of specimens available to us, we restrict the Triassic Utah dinosaurian record to _eropoda from the Chinle Formation. Preliminary reports of Triassic dinosaurs from other clades and formations in Utah are unsubstantiated.
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Jenkins, Xavier A., John R. Foster, and Robert J. Gay. "First unambiguous dinosaur specimen from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation in Utah." Geology of the Intermountain West 4 (August 15, 2017): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31711/giw.v4i0.16.
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Triassic dinosaurs represent relatively rare but important components of terrestrial faunas across Pangea. Whereas this record has been well studied at various locales across the American West, there has been no previous systematic review of Triassic material assigned to Dinosauria from Utah. Here, we critically examine the published body fossil and footprint record of Triassic dinosaurs from Utah and revise their record from the state. In addition, we describe a sacrum from a locality within the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation of southeastern Utah. _is specimen represents the only unambiguous Triassic dinosaur body fossil from Utah. MWC 5627 falls within the range of variation known for sacrum morphology from Coelophysis bauri. Based on a literature review and examination of specimens available to us, we restrict the Triassic Utah dinosaurian record to _eropoda from the Chinle Formation. Preliminary reports of Triassic dinosaurs from other clades and formations in Utah are unsubstantiated.
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Egorov, Pavel, Evgeny Nesterov, Stanislav Dubrova, Konstantin Shmoylov, and Maria Markova. "Variability in biological diversity of dinosaurs and types of their diet." E3S Web of Conferences 371 (2023): 01087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337101087.
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Biodiversity analysis underlies macroevolutionary studies and allows to identify mass extinctions. Numerous studies of mass extinctions show that geological factors play a central role in determining the diversity dynamics. The late Cretaceous extinction is of interest to science as the closest to us extinction of the five mass extinctions that occurred in the Phanerozoic. There is currently no scientific consensus on the scenario in which the extinction occurred on land. In order to assess the features of superorder Dinosauria development during the Cretaceous-Paleogene, the authors have analysed the diversity of terrestrial taxa of Mesozoic dinosaurs. Based on data from the paleobiodb paleontological database using the Python programming language and its libraries, the features of the species diversity of Dinosauria have been studied. An attempt was made to quantify the species diversity of this group based on the ratio of predators to herbivores using data on dinosaur food types. The simulated diversity data were compared with observed patterns and existing estimates. It is likely that less than one-third of the dinosaurs that existed are currently known, as indicated by the geography of the fossils, and the proportions of dinosaurs by type of diet.
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Irmis, Randall B. "Evaluating hypotheses for the early diversification of dinosaurs." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 101, no. 3-4 (September 2010): 397–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691011020068.
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ABSTRACTMany hypotheses have been proposed for the rise of dinosaurs, but their early diversification remains poorly understood. This paper examines the occurrences, species diversity and abundance of early dinosaurs at both regional and global scales to determine patterns of their early evolutionary history. Four main patterns are clear: (1) sauropodomorph dinosaurs became abundant during the late Norian–Rhaetian of Gondwana and Europe; (2) Triassic dinosaurs of North America have low species diversity and abundance until the beginning of the Jurassic; (3) sauropodomorphs and ornithischians are absent in the Triassic of North America; and (4) ornithischian dinosaurs maintain low species diversity, relative abundance and small body size until the Early Jurassic. No one hypothesis fully explains these data. There is no evidence for a Carnian–Norian extinction event, but sauropodomorphs did become abundant during the Norian in some assemblages. No clear connection exists between palaeoenvironment and early dinosaur diversity, but environmental stress at the Triassic–Jurassic boundary is consistent with changes in North American dinosaur assemblages. Elevated growth rates in dinosaurs are consistent with the gradual phyletic increase in body size. This study demonstrates that early dinosaur diversification was a complex process that was geographically diachronous and probably had several causes.
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Seebacher, Frank. "Dinosaur body temperatures: the occurrence of endothermy and ectothermy." Paleobiology 29, no. 1 (2003): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2003)029<0105:dbttoo>2.0.co;2.
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Despite numerous studies, the thermal physiology of dinosaurs remains unresolved. Thus, perhaps the commonly asked question whether dinosaurs were ectotherms or endotherms is inappropriate, and it is more constructive to ask which dinosaurs were likely to have been endothermic and which ones ectothermic. Field data from crocodiles over a large size range show that body temperature fluctuations decrease with increasing body mass, and that average daily body temperatures increase with increasing mass. A biophysical model, the biological relevance of which was tested against field data, was used to predict body temperatures of dinosaurs. However, rather than predicting thermal relations of a hypothetical dinosaur, the model considered correct paleogeographical distribution and climate to predict the thermal relations of a large number of dinosaurs known from the fossil record (>700). Many dinosaurs could have had “high” (>30°) and stable (daily amplitude >2°) body temperatures without metabolic heat production even in winter, so it is unlikely that selection pressure would have favored the evolution of elevated resting metabolic rates in those species. Recent evidence of ontogenetic growth rates indicates that even the juveniles of large species (3000–4000 kg) could have had biologically functional body temperature ranges during early development. Smaller dinosaurs (<100 kg) at mid to high latitudes (>45°) could not have had high and stable body temperatures without metabolic heat production. However, elevated metabolic rates were unlikely to have provided selective advantage in the absence of some form of insulation, so probably insulation was present before endothermy evolved, or else it coevolved with elevated metabolic rates. Superimposing these findings onto a phylogeny of the Dinosauria suggests that endothermy most likely evolved among the Coelurosauria and, to a lesser extent, among the Hypsilophodontidae, but not among the Stegosauridae, Nodosauridae, Ankylosauridae, Hadrosauridae, Ceratopsidae, Prosauropoda, and Sauropoda.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dinosaurs"
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Meiri, Shmuel. "The museology of dinosaurs : in search of the authentic museum dinosaur." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31147.
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Dinosaur museums aspire to communicate authenticity to their visitors by displaying 'authentic dinosaurs' or what they perceive as 'authentic representations' of dinosaurs. The museums do this by employing a varied arsenal of objects, from bones still embedded in the rocks in which they were found to mounted skeletons, murals and computer-controlled life-size models. These same museums however, neglect to explicitly define what authenticity is, and fail to specify the criteria by which this quality might be defined.;Two distinct perspectives were revealed while exploring the vocabulary of authenticity and adapting it to the case of dinosaurs and museums: the museum's perspective and that of the visitor. This work focuses on the museum's perspective, one, which exists in a combination of needs, obligations, restraints, beliefs, and demands, some of which derive from forces within the museums while others are a reflection of influences from outside.;Using museum visits and written sources, mainly the ephemera produced by museums, this work demonstrates how the notion of authenticity is constructed by museums. The concept of authenticity and its theoretical understanding was examined in the museums context as well as in the often parallel worlds of private collectors, commercial manufacturers, the movie industry, and other agents of popular culture.;A considerable variety of techniques and materials have been used to create a sense of the dinosaur but in variable degrees the sense of authenticity they generate is governed by the following four criteria; Composition , Provenance, (degree of) Intervention and (scientific) Accuracy. Most of these are fairly static criteria; only a notion of scientific accuracy changes rapidly over time as a result of new knowledge superseding old, and old knowledge being perceived as inaccurate (wrong).
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Fondevilla, Moreu Víctor. "Registre geològic, paleoambients i successió dels darrers dinosaures del sud-oest europeu." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/402396.
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El registre geològic i paleontològic del Campanià i Maastrichtià del sud-oest europeu ofereix una de les millors oportunitats per estudiar els darrers 15 milions d’anys abans de l’extinció del Cretaci-Paleogen més enllà del registre de Nord Amèrica. En aquesta tesi doctoral s’ha estudiat i caracteritzat el registre de dinosaures i els seus paleoambients associats, i s’han datat successions sedimentàries mitjançant magnetostratigrafia amb l’objectiu d’aprofundir en el coneixement sobre les darreres comunitats de dinosaures de l’illa Ibero-Armoricana de l’Arxipèlag europeu.
Els treballs integrats realitzats a la part mesozoica del Grup Tremp (Conca sud-pirinenca) inclouen l’estudi de les petjades de l’icnogènere Hadrosauropodus, associat a dinosaures hadrosaures. Aquestes empremtes són molt abundants en les planes costaneres fluvials del Maastrichtià superior. A més de l’ambient fluvial, els hadrosaures també van colonitzar l’ecosistema costaner (per exemple llacunes), tal com mostra el jaciment de L’Espinau, entre d’altres localitats. Per contra, els sauròpodes van ser dominants en els ambients costaners i continentals de la regió durant el Campanià i el Maastrichtià inferior, tot i que van persistir fins el Maastrichtià terminal tal i com evidencia el seu registre osteològic, oològic i de petjades, incloent-hi impressions de pell. Amb tot, les seves restes fòssils són molt més escasses que les d’hadrosaure en aquesta edat.
La successió faunística de dinosaures del sud-oest europeu s’ha millorat gràcies a 1) la millora del coneixement sobre la distribució paleoambiental dels diferents grups, 2) la integració del registre paleontològic de de l’Alta Vall de l’Aude, una important zona fossilífera del nord dels Pirineus, gràcies al seu estudi magnetostratigràfic, 3) la millora de la calibració del sector Isona del sinclinal de Tremp, a la banda sud dels Pirineus, i 4) la integració de dades provinents del registre campano-maastrichtià de la resta d’àrees fossilíferes de França, Espanya i Portugal (Provença i Ibèria). Amb la millora de les datacions, s’ha pogut desenvolupar un nou model de canvi faunístic de dinosaures durant el Maastrichtià. Enlloc d’un reemplaçament ràpid de faunes herbívores dominades per sauròpodes cap a comunitats dominades per hadrosaures concentrat al voltant del límit entre el Maastrichtià inferior i el superior, les noves dades d’aquesta tesi mostren que les extincions i noves aparicions de clades no van coincidir en el temps. Ans al contrari, el reemplaçament faunístic entre grups de dinosaures va durar uns dos milions d’anys a la regió, existint un període de coexistència entre formes antigues i els nous habitants de l’illa Ibero-Armoricana. El canvi faunístic no es va produir com a conseqüència d’esdeveniments climàtics concrets, sinó per successives migracions durant episodes de trencament de barreres geogràfiques a Europa.The terrestrial Campanian/Maastrichtian geological and paleontological record from southwestern Europe is one of the best outside North America to study the last 15 milion years previous to the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction. The narrative of the last dinosaur communities from the Ibero-Armorican Island (European Archipelago) is addressed by studying their occurrences, associated paleoenvironments and magnetostratigraphic dating. Such integrated works in the Mesozoic portion of the Tremp Group (South-Pyrenean Basin) includes the study of footprints of the ichnogenus Hadrosauropodus, linked to hadrosaur dinosaurs. These tracks are abundant in the fluvial coastal plains of the upper Maastrichtian. In addition to the fluvial ecosystem, hadrosaurs also colonized the coastal environment (e.g. lagoons), as reveals the L’Espinau site (amongst other localities). In contrast, sauropods were dominant in the Campanian and the lower Maastrichtian coastal and inland environments of the region, but were still present in those settings until the uppermost Maastrichtian, as evidenced by bones, eggshell and tracks, and skin impressions. However, their remains were much scarcer than those of hadrosaurs at this age. The dinosaur faunal succession of southwestern Europe has been improved by means of: 1) habitat understanding, 2) dating and integrating the Aude record (northern Pyrenees), 3) improving of the age calibration of the Isona sector (southern Pyrenees), and 4) integrationg of the Campanian-Maastrichtian dinosaur fossil record from the rest of France, Spain and Portugal (Provence and Iberian areas). Dating refinements permit a new model for the Maastrichtian dinosaur faunal succession. Instead of a rapid faunal shift from titanosaurian-dominated herbivorous assemblages to hadrosaur-dominated communities around the early-late Maastrichtian boundary, the achieved data show that the extinction of major clades and the apparition of new ones took place diachronously and was not time coincident. On the contrary, a coexistence period of about two milion years between older and newer Ibero-Armorican dinosaur inhabitants have been identified. This dinosaur turnover was not the response to environmental changes, but probably to faunal migration episodes after geographical barriers disappeared.
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Moreno, Karen. "Jurassic - Cretaceous dinosaur footprints from South America and pedal biomechanics in ornithopod dinosaurs." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424417.
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Krupandan, Emil Darius. "Unravelling the biology of the Southern African Sauropodomorph dinosaurs, Plateosauravus and the 'Maphutseng dinosaur'." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Science, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30834.
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Razzolini, Novella. "Morphological variation and ichnotaxonomy of dinosaur tracks: linking footprint shapes to substrate and trackmaker's anatomy and locomotion." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/402231.
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La present tesi presenta un estudi de les petjades tridàctiles de dinosaure a partir d’una perspectiva morfològica que representa una nova visió i aproximació a la icnologia clàssica. S’han analitzat en profunditat els mecanismes que principalment controlen i afecten la morfologia de les petjades durant la seva formació, amb l’objectiu final d’aportar dades àmplies i quantitatives per discutir el fonament principal de la variació morfològica registrada en petjades individuals, rastres i conjunts de rastres. El compendi d’aquesta tesi recull sis estudis diferents de diversos marcs geogràfics (España, Portugal, Marroc i Suïssa) i geològics (del Juràssic Mitjà a l’actualitat) i la proposta d’un enfocament preliminar en un experiment controlat de laboratori. Aquest experiment pretén extrapolar i determinar tots els paràmetres (contingut d’aigua, propietats i composició del substrat, mida de gra, porositat) que intervenen en el procés de formació d’una petjada en substrats heterogenis durant la penetració mecànica d’un motlle de peu de voltor (capítol 10). Per aquesta tesi la conca de Cameros (Nord-oest d’Espanya) ofereix dos escenaris diferents del Cretaci Inferior: la reinterpretació d’un rastre llarg d’ornitòpode sobre un substrat homogeni al jaciment amb petjades de Barranco de La Canal (capítol 5), i el nou estudi de quatre rastres inèdits de teròpodes creuant-se en un substrate heterogeni al jaciment de petjades d’El Frontal (capítol 9). La localitat de la conca de l’Argana (Marroc) ha proporcionat observacions neoicnològiques que es consideren importants a l’hora d’identificar interpretaciones errònies d’icnopatologies i superfícies en pendent en el registre fòssil (capítol 8). Aquestes localitats mostren diferents patrons de variació morfològica intrarastre definits com alternat, el qual depèn de la dinàmica de les extremitats i l’anatomia del peu de l’animal productor; i continu, el qual depèn de la consistència del substrat al llarg de la superfície on es produeixen les petjades. La conca lusitana (centre-oest de Portugal) conté la localitat ja coneguda però inèdita del Juràssic Mitjà de Vale de Meios, l’estudi de la qual destaca per la importància d’haver analitzat tots els tipus de preservació de petjades a l’hora de reconèixer la morfologia mitjana i el fet que no s’hauria d’assumir que els icnotàxons de vertebrats estan restringits a edats i regions geogràfiques específiques (capítol 7). La plataforma carbonàtica del Jura (Nord-oest de Suïssa) conté sis localitats amb petjades del Juràssic Superior, que juntament amb 49 rastres i 397 petjades, aporten el nou i inèdit material per a la descripció d’una nova icnoespècie i la discussió de les variacions morfològiques de les petjades, introduint la possibilitat que les icnoassociacions clàssiques puguin ser el resultat de variants preservacionals del mateix animal productor (capítol 6). Aquests dos estudis mostren que quan es comparen múltiples rastres del mateix jaciment o icnoagrupacions, s’han de tenir en compte la diversitat taxonòmica i els canvis comportamentals juntament amb les condicions del substrat i la dinàmica de les extremitats de l’animal productor. Les tecnologies tridimensionals han estat la base i l’eina per a totes les anàlisis quantitatives que s’han realitzat. Els escàners LiDAR han estat sempre un complement a la fotogrametria de curt abast per tal d’aconseguir els majors detalls morfològics i aportar una quantificació sistemàtica i precisa de la variació morfològica de les petjades.The study of tridactyl dinosaurs tracks from a morphological perspective is here presented in the form of a new look and approach to the classic ichnology. The mechanisms that mostly control and affect track morphology during its formation have been thoroughly analysed, so that the ultimate goal is to provide extensive quantitative data to discuss the main foundation of morphological variation registered in individual tracks, trackways and large sets of trackways. The compendium of this PhD collected six different studies from distinct geographical (Spain, Portugal, Morocco and Switzerland) and geological frames (from Middle Jurassic to present) and the proposal of a preliminary approach in a laboratory controlled-experiment. This experiment aims to extrapolate and determine all parameters (water content, substrate properties and composition, grain size, porosity) intervening in the track formation process on heterogeneous substrates during the mechanical indentation of a vulture foot cast (chapter 10). The Cameros basin (NW Spain) offered two Early Cretaceous different scenarios for this thesis, the re-interpretation of a long ornithopod trackway on homogeneous substrate at the Barranco de La Canal tracksite (chapter 5) and the new study of four previously unpublished theropod trackways inter-crossing a heterogeneous substrate at the El Frontal tracksite (chapter 9). The locality visited within the Argana basin (Morocco) provided neoichnological observations that are consider important for the identification of misinterpretations of ichnopathologies and sloping surfaces in the fossil record (chapter 8). These localities showed two different intra-trackway morphological variation patterns defined as alternate, which depends on the limb dynamics and foot anatomy of the trackmaker and continuous, which depends on the substrate consistency change along the tracking surface. The Lusitanian basin (Central-West Portugal) presented the previously known but unpublished Middle Jurassic quarry of Vale de Meios which underscores the importance of analyzing all types of track preservations in order to recognize the average morphology and that there should not be an assumption that vertebrate ichnotaxa are confined to specific ages or geographic regions (chapter 7). The Jura Carbonate platform (NW Switzerland) encompassed six Late Jurassic tracksites, which together with 49 trackways and 397 tracks provided the new and unpublished material for the description of a new ichnospecies and the discussion of track morphological variations, introducing the possibility that classic ichnoassociations might be the result of preservational variants of the same trackmaker (chapter 6). These two studies showed that when comparing multiple trackways on the same site or ichnoassemblage, taxonomical diversity and behavioural changes have to be considered together with substrate conditions and limb dynamics. Three-dimensional technologies have been the support and tool for all the quantitative analysis undertaken. LiDAR scans have been always complemented with a close range photogrammetry in order to give the highest morphological details and to provide a precise and systematic quantification of the track morphological variations recorded.
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Button, David John. "Cranial biomechanics of sauropodomorph dinosaurs." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.690772.
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The Sauropodomorpha represented a globally important clade of Mesozoic herbivores and included the largest terrestrial animals known to science. This makes them of great interest in understanding the fundamental constraints acting upon terrestrial life and the evolution of gigantism. However, sauropodomorph biology presents many problems, not least how they secured sufficient food intake to fuel their massive bodies. Herein, a combination of morphological description, 3D reconstruction of osteology and myology, biomechanical modelling, multivariate analysis and evolutionary modelling was performed in order to investigate the sauropodomorph feeding apparatus in more detail. This integrated approach pennitted intenogation of hypotheses that have linked the diversification and gigantism of sauropodomorphs with the evolution of herbivory in the clade. Results demonstrate that basal ('prosauropod') taxa are characterized by relatively gracile and mechanically inefficient skulls and mandibles, but are also highly disparatepotentially relating to variation along the omnivorylherbivory spectrum. A prominent functional shift towards increased cranial robusticity and jaw processing power is observed at the base of Sauropoda, coincident with the attainment of very large body size. This is consistent with a shift towards bulk-herb ivory, providing quantitative evidence for the hypothesised role of such an ecological shift as a driver of sauropodomorph gigantism. Shifts towards novel functional morphologies are also observed in some derived sauropod lineages. Although some similarities are acquired convergently by the derived diplodocoids and titanosaurs each clade remains highly disparate and they cannot be stereotyped as confonning to a common functional 'grade'. The high disparity present in sauropod craniodental systems would have suppOlied dietary niche partitioning between sympatric taxa. Still, despite these functional shifts overall disparity does not increase through the Mesozoic. Similarly, sauropodomorphs do not reoccupy small body sizes after the extinction of 'prosauropod' taxa, suggesting constraint to larger sizes as a result of specialisations of the sauropod bauplan towards gigantism.
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Rieppel, Lukas Benjamin. "Dinosaurs: Assembling an Icon of Science." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10557.
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This dissertation examines how the modern dinosaur—fully mounted, freestanding assemblages of vertebrate fossils such as we are accustomed to seeing at the natural history museum—came into being during the late 19th and early 20th century, focusing especially on the United States. But it is not just, or even primarily a history of vertebrate paleontology. Rather, I use dinosaurs as an opportunity to explore how science was embedded in broader changes that were happening at the time. In particular, I am interested in tracing how the culture of modern capitalism—the ideals, norms, and practices that governed matters of value and exchange—manifested itself in the way fossils were collected, studied, and put on display. During the second half of the 19th century, America experienced an extended period of remarkable economic growth. By the eve of WWI, it had emerged as the world’s largest producer of goods and services. At the same time, paleontologists were unearthing the fossil remains of marvelous creatures the likes of which no one had ever dreamed in the American west. The discovery of dinosaurs like Brontosaurus, Stegosaurus, Tyrannosaurus, and Triceratops prompted the nation’s wealthy elite to begin cultivating an intense interest in vertebrate paleontology. In part, this is because dinosaurs meshed well with a conventional narrative that celebrated American exceptionalism. Dinosaurs from the United States were widely heralded as having been larger, fiercer, and more abundant than their European counterparts. Not only that, but their origins in the deep past meant that dinosaurs were associated with evolutionary theory, including the conventional notion that struggle was at the root of progress. Finally, it did not hurt that America’s best fossils hailed from places like Colorado, Wyoming, and Utah. This is precisely where most of the raw materials consumed by factories could also be found. As they coalesced into a coherent social class, American capitalists began to patronize a number of elite cultural institutions. Just as Gilded Age entrepreneurs invested considerable resources in the acquisition of artworks, so too did they invest in natural history. However, whereas the acquisition of artworks functioned as a display of refined aesthetic sensibilities, the collection of natural history specimens primarily represented another form of social distinction, one that combined epistemic virtues like objectivity with older notions of good stewardship and civic munificence. Capitalists who had grown rich off of the exploitation of America’s natural resources turned to dinosaur paleontology as a form of cultural resource extraction.History of Science
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Wu, Xiao-Chun. "The comparative anatomy and systematics of Mesozoic sphenodontidans /." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74594.
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This thesis is centred around an anatomical study of the cranial osteology of the Mesozoic sphenodontidans, Asiacephalosaurus wangi, Rarojugalosaurus mcgilli, Dianosaurus petilus and Homoeosaurus maximiliani. The first two are newly discovered and have not been studied previously. The third, previously described only in a preliminary fashion, was misinterpreted as a protorosaur. Although many specimens of H. maximiliani have been described (Cocude-Michel, 1963; Faber, 1981) since the species was first named by Meyer (1845), the newly exposed dorsal part of the skull of a new specimen has provided many new cranial features. Consequently, it was necessary to examine, draw and describe all of these sphenodontidans. The descriptions are all original and present a virtually complete picture of the cranial osteology of these genera for the first time. In addition, the different patterns of the middle ear apparatus of the Sphenodontida and the functional problems of the temporal region in the Lepidosauria have been considered. Although use is made of the literature to obtain background data, the conclusions drawn are original unless explicitly stated otherwise. Finally, the detailed descriptions of the four genera have permitted a reassessment of the phylogeny of the Sphenodontida. After reviewing the literature, original conclusions are given.
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Lautenschlager, Stephan. "Skull form and function in therizinosaur dinosaurs." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633103.
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Maniraptoriformes, the speciose group of derived theropod dinosaurs that ultimately gave rise to modern birds, display a diverse and remarkable suite of skeletal adaptations. Apart from the evolution of flight, a large-scale change in dietary behavior appears to have been one of the main triggers for adaptations in the bauplan of these derived theropods. Amongst the different skeletal specialisations, partial or even complete edentulism and the development of keratinous beaks form a recurring and persistent trend in the transition from derived nonavian dinosaurs to birds. Therizinosauria is one of the most enigmatic and peculiar clades among Maniraptoriformes, exhibiting an unusual suite of characters, such as lanceolate teeth, a rostral rhamphotheca, long manual claws and a wide, opisthopubic pelvis. This specialised anatomy has been associated with a shift in dietary preferences and an adaptation to herbivory, making therizinosaurs prime candidates to assess the functional significance of these morphological characters. Centered on the skull of the therizinosaur Erlikosaurus andrewsi from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia, a wide range of computational techniques (including computed tomography, digital reconstruction and biomechanical modelling using finite element analysis) has been utilised in this thesis to investigate the skull form and function in therizinosaurs and to elucidate their palaeobiology. Evidence from hard- and soft tissue reconstructions of Erlilcosaurus andrewsi demonstrate that teeth had lost their importance and function in derived therizinosaurs. Rather a keratinous rhamphotheca was developed early in Therizinosauria to replace rostral teeth as a main device to procure and manipulate food. The results of a highly detailed biomechanical model of Erlikosaurus andrewsi further suggest that a keratinous rhamphotheca represent an evolutionary innovation developed early in the transition from non-avian dinosaurs to birds to enhance cranial stability, distinct to postulated mass-saving benefits associated with the origin of flight.
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Garcia, Sellés Albert. "Oological Record of Dinosaurs in South-Central Pyrenees (SW Europe): Parataxonomy, diversity and biostratigraphical implications." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/84108.
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Southern Pyrenees has provided an abundant fossil record of dinosaur eggs and eggshells. Historically, the oofamily Megaloolithidae has shown its predominance over any other group of fossil eggs in this region. In addition, this oofamily is world-wide distributed being represented by, at least, four oogenus and 20 oospeices. Considering that the eggshell is a high stable structure, this number of Megaloolithus‘s oospecies is too high for such a relatively short time-interval (Campanian to Maastrichtian; less than 7 My). The structural characters used to define these oospecies are critically revised. As a consequence, three structural groups have been identified, and only ten oospecies have been considered valid. Four of those oospecies have been recognized in Southern Pyrenees: M. aureliensis, M. sirugei, M. mamillare and M. baghensis.
The oogenus Cairanoolithus, historically included in Megaloolithidae oofamily, is reevaluated. All evidences suggest that this type of fossil egg is, definitively, different from any other Megaloolithus. Consequently, a new oofamily is erected (Cairanoolithidae oofam. nov), which emphasizes the singularity of cairanoolithid eggs. Phylogenetical analysis also suggests that the eggs of Cairanoolithidae oofam. nov. could be laid by ornithischian dinosaurs.
New oological material is described here, including the first spheroolithid oospecies (Spheroolithus oosp. nov.) from the Upper Cretaceous of Europe. Several oospecies of Prismatoolithus (Prismatoolithus oosp. nov, Prismatoolithus cf. levis, Prismatoolithus oosp. indet.) and few eggshells of ratite-morphotype (cf. Ageroolithus fontllonguensis) have been identified. In addition, the great number of specimens attributed to Pseudogeckoolithus oogenus allows re-describing and re-assigning this ootaxon to Mesozoic lizards.
The space-temporal variation of the oological diversity in the Southern Pyrenees could be a consequence of environmental changes during the end-Cretaceous or even due to preferences in the nesting-site of each group of dinosaurs.
Finally, biostratigraphical studies based on the successions of megaloolithid oospecies have been performed in Coll de Nargó and Àger-Tremp basins, and the European Megaloolithus succession has been updated. As a result, three oozonones have been described: M. aureliensis + Cairanoolithus oozone dates the Late Campanian, M. siruguei oozone the Early Maastrichtian and M. mamillare + M. baghensis oozone the Late Maastrichtian.
Books on the topic "Dinosaurs"
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Dinosaur National Monument (Agency : U.S.), ed. Dinosaur: Learning about dinosaurs. [Washington, D.C.?]: National Park Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Dinosaur National Monument, 2008.
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Bernard, Girodroux, ed. The life and death of dinosaurs. [Chicago, Ill.]: Childrens Press Choice, 1988.
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Moore, Randy. Dinosaurs by the Decades. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400640735.
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This exhaustive, up-to-date book contains more than 2,000 entries about dinosaurs and dinosaur-related topics. It provides not only detailed information about their discovery, underlying science, and recent technologies and theories but also encompasses all of the facets of dinosaurs in society—for example, their use in consumer marketing and promotion, popularization of dinosaurs in the media, as “proof” for both evolutionists and creationists to substantiate their claims about life’s origins, and as cultural artifacts. Organized chronologically, the book offers an informative and entertaining timeline of how dinosaurs have appeared in science, religion, and society since they were discovered in the 1800s, covering everything from dinosaur museum displays to how dinosaurs served advocates of young-Earth creationism. This fascinating work enables a broad appreciation for the surprising significance of dinosaurs in many aspects of our daily lives and modern society.
Book chapters on the topic "Dinosaurs"
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"Bird Dinosaurs And Dinosaur Birds." In Feathered Dinosaurs, edited by John Long, Peter Schouten, and Luis M. Chiappe, 25–28. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195372663.003.0009.
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Abstract In the early 1990s some isolated finds of strange bird-like dinosaurs from Argentina and Mongolia threw a spanner in the works of determining bird origins. The discovery of partial skeletons of Alvarezsaurus from Argentina and Mononykus from Mongolia revealed that the boundary between bipedal running dinosaurs and flightless birds was totally blurred. Then the discovery of more complete remains of a similar beast, Shuvuuia from Mongolia, revealed the true nature of these strange beasts. They had long legs, curved, delicate necks, small, gracile heads with tiny teeth, and short, powerful arms each with one very large claw and two remnant smaller claws.
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"Ornitholestes, ‘ Compys’ And Kin." In Feathered Dinosaurs, edited by John Long, Peter Schouten, and Luis M. Chiappe, 13–14. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195372663.003.0004.
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Abstract This group covers a variety of mostly small, enigmatic dinosaurs such as Ornitholestes and other small dinosaurs thought to be closely related to it, as well as the family Compsognathidae. The compsognathids were all relatively small, gracile dinosaurs that most probably hunted insects, small lizards, frogs and other like-sized prey. They include small forms such as Compsognathus (the ‘compys’ of Jurassic Park fame), Juravenator and Sinosauropteryx, the latter being the first feathered dinosaur discovered and announced to the world in 1996.
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"The Little Smart Ones." In Feathered Dinosaurs, edited by John Long, Peter Schouten, and Luis M. Chiappe, 23–24. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195372663.003.0008.
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Abstract A breath-taking fossil was unveiled to the world on 13 October 2004. Named Mei long, meaning ‘soundly sleeping dragon’, the little dinosaur measured only half-a-metre in length and died from being covered by volcanic ash whilst it was asleep. The most extraordinary thing about the fossil skeleton was that the dinosaur slept in a curled up posture, today seen in living birds. Here the fossil remains provided more than just anatomical evidence linking dinosaurs to birds, but also strong behavioural evidence. Mei long was one of the troodontid dinosaurs, a group some scientists argue are closer to birds than any other theropod lineage. The troodontid group, named after the first discovered member of the family called Troodon, has been known for over 150 years, but from rare scant remains. Today, with such remarkable new finds coming from China, they are much better understood and their inferred lifestyles clearly show strong parallels with birds.
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"The Monster Claws." In Feathered Dinosaurs, edited by John Long, Peter Schouten, and Luis M. Chiappe, 15–16. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195372663.003.0005.
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Abstract Perhaps the most unusual-looking beasts of the dinosaur world were the therizinosaurs – the name means ‘reaping lizard’. They may have been the equivalent of reptilian giant sloths of the late Mesozoic Era and remind us of the ghoulish ‘Freddy’ from the Nightmare on Elm Street movies in having hands armed with razor-sharp claws up to 70 centimetres long. For many years little was known about these enigmatic dinosaurs apart from scant remains, but in the past decade the first relatively complete skeletons of therizinosaurs have been discovered, confirming that these dinosaurs were every bit as bizarre as they were first imagined.
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"Mighty Tyrannosaurs And Their Humble Ancestry." In Feathered Dinosaurs, edited by John Long, Peter Schouten, and Luis M. Chiappe, 7–10. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195372663.003.0002.
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Abstract The coelurosaurians include a wide range of predatory dinosaurs from the two-metre Coelurus to the gargantuan 14-metre-long killer Tyrannosaurus. The evolutionary divergence of tyrannosaurs from the small coelurosaurs is now much better understood since the recent discoveries of small, early tyrannosaurs such as Eotyrannus, and the Chinese feathered form Dilong. The most primitive members of the group, such as Coelurus fragilis, come from the late Jurassic (around 150 million years ago), so are contemporaries of the first bird, Archaeopteryx. Coelurus has been the subject of much debate as to where it fits in the evolution of the tyrannosaurid dinosaurs, mainly because it is only known from a partial skeleton missing most of the skull. Nonetheless dinosaur experts tend to agree that it fits somewhere near the beginning of the feathered dinosaur story. It is a generalised theropod that shows the humble beginnings of the adaptations required for the evolution of birds. First, it has light, hollow bones and, second, it and all its kin (as contained in the rest of this book) have relatively larger brains than other more primitive meateaters such as Allosaurus and the strange Gondwana group known as abelisaurids.
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"Dinosaurs, Darwin And Fossils." In Feathered Dinosaurs, edited by John Long, Peter Schouten, and Luis M. Chiappe, 1–6. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195372663.003.0001.
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Abstract Dinosaurs were the supreme rulers of our planet for around 160 million years. It was during their reign that the modern kinds of mammals and the first birds appeared and diversified. Although first perceived and depicted artistically as somewhat savage beasts of low intelligence – some having ‘a brain the size of a walnut’ – dinosaurs were considered by nineteenth century scientists as being not much more than giant lizards. The Dinosauria (meaning ‘terrible lizard’) were first recognized as a distinct class of reptiles by the famous British anatomist Sir Richard Owen in 1842, based upon a few scant fossil bones. These demonstrated that these reptilian monsters walked with almost vertical leg postures, like we humans and other mammals do, and so he perceived dinosaurs as being quite distinctly separate from the more lowly, sprawling kinds of reptile.
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Lucas, Spencer G. "Dinosaurs." In Encyclopedia of Geology, 194–205. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.12066-4.
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Xu, Xing. "DINOSAURS." In The Jehol Fossils, 108–27. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012374173-8.50016-8.
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"Dinosaurs." In Dictionary of Geotourism, 129. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2538-0_514.
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"Dinosaurs." In The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs, 69. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400883141-020.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Dinosaurs"
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Egerton, Victoria M., Phillip L. Manning, and Phillip L. Manning. "FLAT-PACKED DINOSAURS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-321981.
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Retallack, Gregory J. "OREGON HAS TWO DINOSAURS." In 115th Annual GSA Cordilleran Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019cd-328984.
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Tovilla Quesada, Rubén de Jesús, Monica Margarita Arellano Lara, Alicia Margaria Rizo Rubalcava, Adriana Quintanar Olguin, and Fernando Priego Hernández. "DINOSAURS, TEACHING BIODIVERSITY THROUGH TIME." In 11th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2018.1813.
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Fossum, Eric R. "Active pixel sensors: are CCDs dinosaurs?" In IS&T/SPIE's Symposium on Electronic Imaging: Science and Technology, edited by Morley M. Blouke. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.148585.
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Sarkis, Michael, and Geoffrey Beck. "Did Dark Matter Kill the Dinosaurs?" In High Energy Astrophysics in Southern Africa. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.338.0032.
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Borello, Kathryn F., Judith Nagel-Myers, and Jeffery Frank. "SMILING DINOSAURS – GENDER BIASES IN THE PERCEPTION OF DINOSAURS AMONGST STUDENTS FROM K-12 TO COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-322694.
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Ramezani, Jahandar, David E. Fastovsky, Max C. Langer, and Samuel A. Bowring. "GEOCHRONOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE TRIASSIC RISE OF DINOSAURS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-287550.
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Olsen, Paul E., Bennett B. Slibeck, and Hans-Dieter Sues. "THE DINOSAUR THAT CAME IN FROM THE COLD: THE OLDEST DEFINITIVE ORNITHISCHIAN DINOSAURS AND ORIGIN OF THEIR ABRUPT APPEARANCE." In Joint 72nd Annual Southeastern/ 58th Annual Northeastern Section Meeting - 2023. Geological Society of America, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2023se-385820.
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Rhalibi, Abdennour El, Madjid Merabti, Ruwei Yun, and Dan Liu. "Game Based Learning Framework for Virtual 3D Dinosaurs Knowledge." In 2011 Developments in E-systems Engineering (DeSE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dese.2011.57.
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Sánchez-Fenollosa, Verdú, and Suñer. "Current knowledge of Late Jurassic ornithopod dinosaurs from Europe." In XVIII Encuentro de Jóvenes Investigadores en Paleontologia. Nova.id.fct, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21695/cterraproc.v1i0.407.
Full textReports on the topic "Dinosaurs"
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Jenkins, John T., and Jannice L. Jenkins. SP-35 Colorado's Dinosaurs. Colorado Geological Survey, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.58783/cgs.sp35.abmd2930.
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Plesko, Catherine. Planetary Defense: Asteroids, Comets, Impact Craters, and Outwitting the Dinosaurs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1811856.
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Ethan Warner-Cowgill, Ethan Warner-Cowgill. Excavating dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous Almond Formation of Wyoming. Experiment, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/51105.
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Nelson, Margot, Michael Antonioni, Vincent Santucci, and Justin Tweet. Oxon Run Parkway: Paleontological resource inventory; supplement to the National Capital Parks-East paleontological resource inventory. National Park Service, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287217.
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Oxon Run Parkway (OXRN) is a 51-hectare (126-acre) natural area within Washington, D.C. administered by the National Park Service under National Capital Parks East (NACE). The original plan called for a road, slated to follow Oxon Run stream, but this never came to fruition; despite this, the moniker stuck. The majority of the original Oxon Run Parkway is managed by the District of Columbia. The section of Oxon Run Parkway under NPS jurisdiction contains wetlands and forests, as well as the only McAteean magnolia bogs still remaining in the District. The lower Cretaceous Potomac Group, known as one of the few dinosaur-bearing rock units on the east coast of North America, crops out within Oxon Run. One of the most prevalent fossil-bearing resources are the siderite, or “bog iron” sandstone slabs that sometimes preserve the footprints or trackways of various vertebrates, including dinosaurs. Such trackways have been reported from Potomac Group outcrops throughout the Atlantic Coastal Plain of Maryland and Virginia. In 2019, National Capital Parks-East took possession of such a track, referred to a dinosaur, collected by paleontologist Dr. Peter Kranz. This report was compiled after a paleontological survey of Oxon Run Parkway and is intended as a supplement to the National Capital Parks East Paleontological Resource Inventory (Nelson et al. 2019). This report contains information on the history of Oxon Run Parkway and its geology, as well as discussion of the fossil track.
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Shaffer, Austin, Justin Tweet, and Vincent Santucci. Colorado National Monument: Paleontological resource inventory (sensitive version). National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2303444.
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Colorado National Monument (COLM) in western Colorado was established on May 24, 1911 with the purpose of preserving, understanding, and enjoying the natural and cultural resources of the landscape, focusing on the history, erosional processes, and geology present. Although not explicitly mentioned in the monument?s purpose statement, the paleontological resources of COLM are nevertheless important. Significant fossils have been known from the area since the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and from COLM specifically within a few decades of the monument?s founding. The direct urban interface of COLM with Colorado?s Grand Valley provides unique management concerns for fossils and other resources of the monument. While COLM preserves a long geologic history (roughly 1.7 billion years ago to the present), the fossils preserved at the monument mostly come from sedimentary rocks of the Mesozoic Era. The paleontological resources of COLM include both body fossils and trace fossils of a wide variety of organisms (e.g., freshwater mussels, dinosaurs, plants) representing diverse paleoenvironments. In order to assess the paleontological resources of COLM, a field inventory was conducted from April to November 2023, visiting all previously reported fossil sites and documenting new localities. A total of 226 paleontological localities were verified during this fieldwork, of which nearly two-thirds (146 sites) were newly documented. Two more were discovered in March 2024. These 228 localities are distributed throughout much of the monument and many of the geologic units, with higher concentrations present in certain units (e.g., the Morrison Formation). Fieldwork was supplemented by the review of published and gray literature and assessment of COLM paleontological collections. A number of significant paleontological discoveries were made during this inventory, including the first documented fossils (dinosaur tracks, plant fossils, and dinosaur skin) from the Naturita Formation within COLM and multiple novel fossil occurrences (e.g., likely the oldest-known fish otoliths in North America and possibly one of the only Jurassic ankylosaur tracks known globally). When considered alongside previously identified significant fossil finds from COLM (e.g., one of only three known turtle tracksites in the Morrison Formation and potentially one of the only known lizard trackways in the same unit), the paleontological resources of the monument are of high scientific importance. Future research on the paleontological resources of COLM has a high potential for identifying important fossil specimens and/or describing new species. This report provides foundational data on the scope, significance, and distribution of paleontological resources at COLM and provides recommendations to support the management, interpretation, and research of these resources.
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Shaffer, Austin, Justin Tweet, and Vincent Santucci. Colorado National Monument: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2303613.
Full textAbstract:
Colorado National Monument (COLM) in western Colorado was established on May 24, 1911 with the purpose of preserving, understanding, and enjoying the natural and cultural resources of the landscape, focusing on the history, erosional processes, and geology present. Although not explicitly mentioned in the monument?s purpose statement, the paleontological resources of COLM are nevertheless important. Significant fossils have been known from the area since the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and from COLM specifically within a few decades of the monument?s founding. The direct urban interface of COLM with Colorado?s Grand Valley provides unique management concerns for fossils and other resources of the monument. While COLM preserves a long geologic history (roughly 1.7 billion years ago to the present), the fossils preserved at the monument mostly come from sedimentary rocks of the Mesozoic Era. The paleontological resources of COLM include both body fossils and trace fossils of a wide variety of organisms (e.g., freshwater mussels, dinosaurs, plants) representing diverse paleoenvironments. In order to assess the paleontological resources of COLM, a field inventory was conducted from April to November 2023, visiting all previously reported fossil sites and documenting new localities. A total of 226 paleontological localities were verified during this fieldwork, of which nearly two-thirds (146 sites) were newly documented. Two more were discovered in March 2024. These 228 localities are distributed throughout much of the monument and many of the geologic units, with higher concentrations present in certain units (e.g., the Morrison Formation). Fieldwork was supplemented by the review of published and gray literature and assessment of COLM paleontological collections. A number of significant paleontological discoveries were made during this inventory, including the first documented fossils (dinosaur tracks, plant fossils, and dinosaur skin) from the Naturita Formation within COLM and multiple novel fossil occurrences (e.g., likely the oldest-known fish otoliths in North America and possibly one of the only Jurassic ankylosaur tracks known globally). When considered alongside previously identified significant fossil finds from COLM (e.g., one of only three known turtle tracksites in the Morrison Formation and potentially one of the only known lizard trackways in the same unit), the paleontological resources of the monument are of high scientific importance. Future research on the paleontological resources of COLM has a high potential for identifying important fossil specimens and/or describing new species. This report provides foundational data on the scope, significance, and distribution of paleontological resources at COLM and provides recommendations to support the management, interpretation, and research of these resources.
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Jones, David, Roy Cook, John Sovell, Matt Ley, Jill Handwerk, Hannah Shepler, John Kemper, David Weinzimmer, Carlos Linares, and B. Maynard. Natural resource condition assessment: Dinosaur National Monument. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285165.
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Stepanyuk, Alla V., Liudmyla P. Mironets, Tetiana M. Olendr, Ivan M. Tsidylo, and Oksana B. Stoliar. Methodology of using mobile Internet devices in the process of biology school course studying. [б. в.], July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3887.
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This paper considers the problem of using mobile Internet devices in the process of biology studying in secondary schools. It has been examined how well the scientific problem is developed in pedagogical theory and educational practice. The methodology of using mobile Internet devices in the process of biology studying in a basic school, which involves the use of the Play Market server applications, Smart technologies and a website, has been created. After the analyses of the Play Market server content, there have been found several free of charge applications, which can be used while studying biology in a basic school. Among them are the following: Anatomy 4D, Animal 4D+, Augmented Reality Dinosaurs – my ARgalaxy, BioInc – Biomedical Plague, Plan+Net. Their choice is caused by the specifics of the object of biological cognition (life in all its manifestations) and the concept of bio(eco)centrism, which recognizes the life of any living system as the highest value. The paper suggests the original approach for homework checking, which involves besides computer control of students’ learning outcomes, the use of Miracast wireless technology. This demands the owning of a smartphone, a multimedia projector, and a Google Chromecast type adapter. The methodology of conducting a mobile front-line survey at the lesson on the learned or current material in biology in the test form, with the help of the free Plickers application, has been presented. The expediency of using the website builder Ucoz.ua for creation of a training website in biology has been substantiated. The methodology of organizing the educational process in biology in a basic school using the training website has been developed. Recommendations for using a biology training website have been summarized. According to the results of the forming experiment, the effectiveness of the proposed methodology of using mobile Internet devices in the process of biology studying in a basic school has been substantiated.
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McBride, Wendy, Dave Tacheeni Kesonie, and Emily Thorn. Spring wetland flora inventory ? Dinosaur National Monument: Survey report. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301743.
Full textAbstract:
This report provides the results from the 2021 spring wetland flora inventory for the west side of Dinosaur National Monument in Utah. In total, seven National Park Service units within the Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) determined the need to evaluate and map spring and wetland condition based on the presence/absence of perennial obligate and facultative wetland plant species known to occur in the parks. Mapping spring and wetland areas for each park provides a baseline measure of areas sensitive to drying that can be used to monitor change over time. The overall objective of the project was to establish a baseline for the area and condition of wetlands, seeps, and springs to provide supporting evidence for any future claims of impairment resulting from groundwater management actions. Survey results at Dinosaur National Monument identified and inventoried springs at 26 of 58 survey sites. This report summarizes the results at the 26 sites, including spring type identification, dominant herbaceous plant species present, average plant cover, wildlife sign frequency and observation, and wetland feature map figures.
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Jason P. Schein, Jason P. Schein. Help Us Excavate a Dinosaur Bonebed in Wyoming's Bighorn Basin. Experiment, April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/0374.
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