Dissertations / Theses: 'Dinosaurs'

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Meiri, Shmuel. "The museology of dinosaurs : in search of the authentic museum dinosaur." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31147.

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Dinosaur museums aspire to communicate authenticity to their visitors by displaying 'authentic dinosaurs' or what they perceive as 'authentic representations' of dinosaurs. The museums do this by employing a varied arsenal of objects, from bones still embedded in the rocks in which they were found to mounted skeletons, murals and computer-controlled life-size models. These same museums however, neglect to explicitly define what authenticity is, and fail to specify the criteria by which this quality might be defined.;Two distinct perspectives were revealed while exploring the vocabulary of authenticity and adapting it to the case of dinosaurs and museums: the museum's perspective and that of the visitor. This work focuses on the museum's perspective, one, which exists in a combination of needs, obligations, restraints, beliefs, and demands, some of which derive from forces within the museums while others are a reflection of influences from outside.;Using museum visits and written sources, mainly the ephemera produced by museums, this work demonstrates how the notion of authenticity is constructed by museums. The concept of authenticity and its theoretical understanding was examined in the museums context as well as in the often parallel worlds of private collectors, commercial manufacturers, the movie industry, and other agents of popular culture.;A considerable variety of techniques and materials have been used to create a sense of the dinosaur but in variable degrees the sense of authenticity they generate is governed by the following four criteria; Composition , Provenance, (degree of) Intervention and (scientific) Accuracy. Most of these are fairly static criteria; only a notion of scientific accuracy changes rapidly over time as a result of new knowledge superseding old, and old knowledge being perceived as inaccurate (wrong).

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Fondevilla, Moreu Víctor. "Registre geològic, paleoambients i successió dels darrers dinosaures del sud-oest europeu." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/402396.

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El registre geològic i paleontològic del Campanià i Maastrichtià del sud-oest europeu ofereix una de les millors oportunitats per estudiar els darrers 15 milions d’anys abans de l’extinció del Cretaci-Paleogen més enllà del registre de Nord Amèrica. En aquesta tesi doctoral s’ha estudiat i caracteritzat el registre de dinosaures i els seus paleoambients associats, i s’han datat successions sedimentàries mitjançant magnetostratigrafia amb l’objectiu d’aprofundir en el coneixement sobre les darreres comunitats de dinosaures de l’illa Ibero-Armoricana de l’Arxipèlag europeu. Els treballs integrats realitzats a la part mesozoica del Grup Tremp (Conca sud-pirinenca) inclouen l’estudi de les petjades de l’icnogènere Hadrosauropodus, associat a dinosaures hadrosaures. Aquestes empremtes són molt abundants en les planes costaneres fluvials del Maastrichtià superior. A més de l’ambient fluvial, els hadrosaures també van colonitzar l’ecosistema costaner (per exemple llacunes), tal com mostra el jaciment de L’Espinau, entre d’altres localitats. Per contra, els sauròpodes van ser dominants en els ambients costaners i continentals de la regió durant el Campanià i el Maastrichtià inferior, tot i que van persistir fins el Maastrichtià terminal tal i com evidencia el seu registre osteològic, oològic i de petjades, incloent-hi impressions de pell. Amb tot, les seves restes fòssils són molt més escasses que les d’hadrosaure en aquesta edat. La successió faunística de dinosaures del sud-oest europeu s’ha millorat gràcies a 1) la millora del coneixement sobre la distribució paleoambiental dels diferents grups, 2) la integració del registre paleontològic de de l’Alta Vall de l’Aude, una important zona fossilífera del nord dels Pirineus, gràcies al seu estudi magnetostratigràfic, 3) la millora de la calibració del sector Isona del sinclinal de Tremp, a la banda sud dels Pirineus, i 4) la integració de dades provinents del registre campano-maastrichtià de la resta d’àrees fossilíferes de França, Espanya i Portugal (Provença i Ibèria). Amb la millora de les datacions, s’ha pogut desenvolupar un nou model de canvi faunístic de dinosaures durant el Maastrichtià. Enlloc d’un reemplaçament ràpid de faunes herbívores dominades per sauròpodes cap a comunitats dominades per hadrosaures concentrat al voltant del límit entre el Maastrichtià inferior i el superior, les noves dades d’aquesta tesi mostren que les extincions i noves aparicions de clades no van coincidir en el temps. Ans al contrari, el reemplaçament faunístic entre grups de dinosaures va durar uns dos milions d’anys a la regió, existint un període de coexistència entre formes antigues i els nous habitants de l’illa Ibero-Armoricana. El canvi faunístic no es va produir com a conseqüència d’esdeveniments climàtics concrets, sinó per successives migracions durant episodes de trencament de barreres geogràfiques a Europa.
The terrestrial Campanian/Maastrichtian geological and paleontological record from southwestern Europe is one of the best outside North America to study the last 15 milion years previous to the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction. The narrative of the last dinosaur communities from the Ibero-Armorican Island (European Archipelago) is addressed by studying their occurrences, associated paleoenvironments and magnetostratigraphic dating. Such integrated works in the Mesozoic portion of the Tremp Group (South-Pyrenean Basin) includes the study of footprints of the ichnogenus Hadrosauropodus, linked to hadrosaur dinosaurs. These tracks are abundant in the fluvial coastal plains of the upper Maastrichtian. In addition to the fluvial ecosystem, hadrosaurs also colonized the coastal environment (e.g. lagoons), as reveals the L’Espinau site (amongst other localities). In contrast, sauropods were dominant in the Campanian and the lower Maastrichtian coastal and inland environments of the region, but were still present in those settings until the uppermost Maastrichtian, as evidenced by bones, eggshell and tracks, and skin impressions. However, their remains were much scarcer than those of hadrosaurs at this age. The dinosaur faunal succession of southwestern Europe has been improved by means of: 1) habitat understanding, 2) dating and integrating the Aude record (northern Pyrenees), 3) improving of the age calibration of the Isona sector (southern Pyrenees), and 4) integrationg of the Campanian-Maastrichtian dinosaur fossil record from the rest of France, Spain and Portugal (Provence and Iberian areas). Dating refinements permit a new model for the Maastrichtian dinosaur faunal succession. Instead of a rapid faunal shift from titanosaurian-dominated herbivorous assemblages to hadrosaur-dominated communities around the early-late Maastrichtian boundary, the achieved data show that the extinction of major clades and the apparition of new ones took place diachronously and was not time coincident. On the contrary, a coexistence period of about two milion years between older and newer Ibero-Armorican dinosaur inhabitants have been identified. This dinosaur turnover was not the response to environmental changes, but probably to faunal migration episodes after geographical barriers disappeared.

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Moreno, Karen. "Jurassic - Cretaceous dinosaur footprints from South America and pedal biomechanics in ornithopod dinosaurs." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424417.

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Krupandan, Emil Darius. "Unravelling the biology of the Southern African Sauropodomorph dinosaurs, Plateosauravus and the 'Maphutseng dinosaur'." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Science, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30834.

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Razzolini, Novella. "Morphological variation and ichnotaxonomy of dinosaur tracks: linking footprint shapes to substrate and trackmaker's anatomy and locomotion." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/402231.

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La present tesi presenta un estudi de les petjades tridàctiles de dinosaure a partir d’una perspectiva morfològica que representa una nova visió i aproximació a la icnologia clàssica. S’han analitzat en profunditat els mecanismes que principalment controlen i afecten la morfologia de les petjades durant la seva formació, amb l’objectiu final d’aportar dades àmplies i quantitatives per discutir el fonament principal de la variació morfològica registrada en petjades individuals, rastres i conjunts de rastres. El compendi d’aquesta tesi recull sis estudis diferents de diversos marcs geogràfics (España, Portugal, Marroc i Suïssa) i geològics (del Juràssic Mitjà a l’actualitat) i la proposta d’un enfocament preliminar en un experiment controlat de laboratori. Aquest experiment pretén extrapolar i determinar tots els paràmetres (contingut d’aigua, propietats i composició del substrat, mida de gra, porositat) que intervenen en el procés de formació d’una petjada en substrats heterogenis durant la penetració mecànica d’un motlle de peu de voltor (capítol 10). Per aquesta tesi la conca de Cameros (Nord-oest d’Espanya) ofereix dos escenaris diferents del Cretaci Inferior: la reinterpretació d’un rastre llarg d’ornitòpode sobre un substrat homogeni al jaciment amb petjades de Barranco de La Canal (capítol 5), i el nou estudi de quatre rastres inèdits de teròpodes creuant-se en un substrate heterogeni al jaciment de petjades d’El Frontal (capítol 9). La localitat de la conca de l’Argana (Marroc) ha proporcionat observacions neoicnològiques que es consideren importants a l’hora d’identificar interpretaciones errònies d’icnopatologies i superfícies en pendent en el registre fòssil (capítol 8). Aquestes localitats mostren diferents patrons de variació morfològica intrarastre definits com alternat, el qual depèn de la dinàmica de les extremitats i l’anatomia del peu de l’animal productor; i continu, el qual depèn de la consistència del substrat al llarg de la superfície on es produeixen les petjades. La conca lusitana (centre-oest de Portugal) conté la localitat ja coneguda però inèdita del Juràssic Mitjà de Vale de Meios, l’estudi de la qual destaca per la importància d’haver analitzat tots els tipus de preservació de petjades a l’hora de reconèixer la morfologia mitjana i el fet que no s’hauria d’assumir que els icnotàxons de vertebrats estan restringits a edats i regions geogràfiques específiques (capítol 7). La plataforma carbonàtica del Jura (Nord-oest de Suïssa) conté sis localitats amb petjades del Juràssic Superior, que juntament amb 49 rastres i 397 petjades, aporten el nou i inèdit material per a la descripció d’una nova icnoespècie i la discussió de les variacions morfològiques de les petjades, introduint la possibilitat que les icnoassociacions clàssiques puguin ser el resultat de variants preservacionals del mateix animal productor (capítol 6). Aquests dos estudis mostren que quan es comparen múltiples rastres del mateix jaciment o icnoagrupacions, s’han de tenir en compte la diversitat taxonòmica i els canvis comportamentals juntament amb les condicions del substrat i la dinàmica de les extremitats de l’animal productor. Les tecnologies tridimensionals han estat la base i l’eina per a totes les anàlisis quantitatives que s’han realitzat. Els escàners LiDAR han estat sempre un complement a la fotogrametria de curt abast per tal d’aconseguir els majors detalls morfològics i aportar una quantificació sistemàtica i precisa de la variació morfològica de les petjades.
The study of tridactyl dinosaurs tracks from a morphological perspective is here presented in the form of a new look and approach to the classic ichnology. The mechanisms that mostly control and affect track morphology during its formation have been thoroughly analysed, so that the ultimate goal is to provide extensive quantitative data to discuss the main foundation of morphological variation registered in individual tracks, trackways and large sets of trackways. The compendium of this PhD collected six different studies from distinct geographical (Spain, Portugal, Morocco and Switzerland) and geological frames (from Middle Jurassic to present) and the proposal of a preliminary approach in a laboratory controlled-experiment. This experiment aims to extrapolate and determine all parameters (water content, substrate properties and composition, grain size, porosity) intervening in the track formation process on heterogeneous substrates during the mechanical indentation of a vulture foot cast (chapter 10). The Cameros basin (NW Spain) offered two Early Cretaceous different scenarios for this thesis, the re-interpretation of a long ornithopod trackway on homogeneous substrate at the Barranco de La Canal tracksite (chapter 5) and the new study of four previously unpublished theropod trackways inter-crossing a heterogeneous substrate at the El Frontal tracksite (chapter 9). The locality visited within the Argana basin (Morocco) provided neoichnological observations that are consider important for the identification of misinterpretations of ichnopathologies and sloping surfaces in the fossil record (chapter 8). These localities showed two different intra-trackway morphological variation patterns defined as alternate, which depends on the limb dynamics and foot anatomy of the trackmaker and continuous, which depends on the substrate consistency change along the tracking surface. The Lusitanian basin (Central-West Portugal) presented the previously known but unpublished Middle Jurassic quarry of Vale de Meios which underscores the importance of analyzing all types of track preservations in order to recognize the average morphology and that there should not be an assumption that vertebrate ichnotaxa are confined to specific ages or geographic regions (chapter 7). The Jura Carbonate platform (NW Switzerland) encompassed six Late Jurassic tracksites, which together with 49 trackways and 397 tracks provided the new and unpublished material for the description of a new ichnospecies and the discussion of track morphological variations, introducing the possibility that classic ichnoassociations might be the result of preservational variants of the same trackmaker (chapter 6). These two studies showed that when comparing multiple trackways on the same site or ichnoassemblage, taxonomical diversity and behavioural changes have to be considered together with substrate conditions and limb dynamics. Three-dimensional technologies have been the support and tool for all the quantitative analysis undertaken. LiDAR scans have been always complemented with a close range photogrammetry in order to give the highest morphological details and to provide a precise and systematic quantification of the track morphological variations recorded.

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Button, David John. "Cranial biomechanics of sauropodomorph dinosaurs." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.690772.

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The Sauropodomorpha represented a globally important clade of Mesozoic herbivores and included the largest terrestrial animals known to science. This makes them of great interest in understanding the fundamental constraints acting upon terrestrial life and the evolution of gigantism. However, sauropodomorph biology presents many problems, not least how they secured sufficient food intake to fuel their massive bodies. Herein, a combination of morphological description, 3D reconstruction of osteology and myology, biomechanical modelling, multivariate analysis and evolutionary modelling was performed in order to investigate the sauropodomorph feeding apparatus in more detail. This integrated approach pennitted intenogation of hypotheses that have linked the diversification and gigantism of sauropodomorphs with the evolution of herbivory in the clade. Results demonstrate that basal ('prosauropod') taxa are characterized by relatively gracile and mechanically inefficient skulls and mandibles, but are also highly disparatepotentially relating to variation along the omnivorylherbivory spectrum. A prominent functional shift towards increased cranial robusticity and jaw processing power is observed at the base of Sauropoda, coincident with the attainment of very large body size. This is consistent with a shift towards bulk-herb ivory, providing quantitative evidence for the hypothesised role of such an ecological shift as a driver of sauropodomorph gigantism. Shifts towards novel functional morphologies are also observed in some derived sauropod lineages. Although some similarities are acquired convergently by the derived diplodocoids and titanosaurs each clade remains highly disparate and they cannot be stereotyped as confonning to a common functional 'grade'. The high disparity present in sauropod craniodental systems would have suppOlied dietary niche partitioning between sympatric taxa. Still, despite these functional shifts overall disparity does not increase through the Mesozoic. Similarly, sauropodomorphs do not reoccupy small body sizes after the extinction of 'prosauropod' taxa, suggesting constraint to larger sizes as a result of specialisations of the sauropod bauplan towards gigantism.

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Rieppel, Lukas Benjamin. "Dinosaurs: Assembling an Icon of Science." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10557.

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This dissertation examines how the modern dinosaur—fully mounted, freestanding assemblages of vertebrate fossils such as we are accustomed to seeing at the natural history museum—came into being during the late 19th and early 20th century, focusing especially on the United States. But it is not just, or even primarily a history of vertebrate paleontology. Rather, I use dinosaurs as an opportunity to explore how science was embedded in broader changes that were happening at the time. In particular, I am interested in tracing how the culture of modern capitalism—the ideals, norms, and practices that governed matters of value and exchange—manifested itself in the way fossils were collected, studied, and put on display. During the second half of the 19th century, America experienced an extended period of remarkable economic growth. By the eve of WWI, it had emerged as the world’s largest producer of goods and services. At the same time, paleontologists were unearthing the fossil remains of marvelous creatures the likes of which no one had ever dreamed in the American west. The discovery of dinosaurs like Brontosaurus, Stegosaurus, Tyrannosaurus, and Triceratops prompted the nation’s wealthy elite to begin cultivating an intense interest in vertebrate paleontology. In part, this is because dinosaurs meshed well with a conventional narrative that celebrated American exceptionalism. Dinosaurs from the United States were widely heralded as having been larger, fiercer, and more abundant than their European counterparts. Not only that, but their origins in the deep past meant that dinosaurs were associated with evolutionary theory, including the conventional notion that struggle was at the root of progress. Finally, it did not hurt that America’s best fossils hailed from places like Colorado, Wyoming, and Utah. This is precisely where most of the raw materials consumed by factories could also be found. As they coalesced into a coherent social class, American capitalists began to patronize a number of elite cultural institutions. Just as Gilded Age entrepreneurs invested considerable resources in the acquisition of artworks, so too did they invest in natural history. However, whereas the acquisition of artworks functioned as a display of refined aesthetic sensibilities, the collection of natural history specimens primarily represented another form of social distinction, one that combined epistemic virtues like objectivity with older notions of good stewardship and civic munificence. Capitalists who had grown rich off of the exploitation of America’s natural resources turned to dinosaur paleontology as a form of cultural resource extraction.
History of Science

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Wu, Xiao-Chun. "The comparative anatomy and systematics of Mesozoic sphenodontidans /." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74594.

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This thesis is centred around an anatomical study of the cranial osteology of the Mesozoic sphenodontidans, Asiacephalosaurus wangi, Rarojugalosaurus mcgilli, Dianosaurus petilus and Homoeosaurus maximiliani. The first two are newly discovered and have not been studied previously. The third, previously described only in a preliminary fashion, was misinterpreted as a protorosaur. Although many specimens of H. maximiliani have been described (Cocude-Michel, 1963; Faber, 1981) since the species was first named by Meyer (1845), the newly exposed dorsal part of the skull of a new specimen has provided many new cranial features. Consequently, it was necessary to examine, draw and describe all of these sphenodontidans. The descriptions are all original and present a virtually complete picture of the cranial osteology of these genera for the first time. In addition, the different patterns of the middle ear apparatus of the Sphenodontida and the functional problems of the temporal region in the Lepidosauria have been considered. Although use is made of the literature to obtain background data, the conclusions drawn are original unless explicitly stated otherwise. Finally, the detailed descriptions of the four genera have permitted a reassessment of the phylogeny of the Sphenodontida. After reviewing the literature, original conclusions are given.

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Lautenschlager, Stephan. "Skull form and function in therizinosaur dinosaurs." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633103.

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Maniraptoriformes, the speciose group of derived theropod dinosaurs that ultimately gave rise to modern birds, display a diverse and remarkable suite of skeletal adaptations. Apart from the evolution of flight, a large-scale change in dietary behavior appears to have been one of the main triggers for adaptations in the bauplan of these derived theropods. Amongst the different skeletal specialisations, partial or even complete edentulism and the development of keratinous beaks form a recurring and persistent trend in the transition from derived nonavian dinosaurs to birds. Therizinosauria is one of the most enigmatic and peculiar clades among Maniraptoriformes, exhibiting an unusual suite of characters, such as lanceolate teeth, a rostral rhamphotheca, long manual claws and a wide, opisthopubic pelvis. This specialised anatomy has been associated with a shift in dietary preferences and an adaptation to herbivory, making therizinosaurs prime candidates to assess the functional significance of these morphological characters. Centered on the skull of the therizinosaur Erlikosaurus andrewsi from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia, a wide range of computational techniques (including computed tomography, digital reconstruction and biomechanical modelling using finite element analysis) has been utilised in this thesis to investigate the skull form and function in therizinosaurs and to elucidate their palaeobiology. Evidence from hard- and soft tissue reconstructions of Erlilcosaurus andrewsi demonstrate that teeth had lost their importance and function in derived therizinosaurs. Rather a keratinous rhamphotheca was developed early in Therizinosauria to replace rostral teeth as a main device to procure and manipulate food. The results of a highly detailed biomechanical model of Erlikosaurus andrewsi further suggest that a keratinous rhamphotheca represent an evolutionary innovation developed early in the transition from non-avian dinosaurs to birds to enhance cranial stability, distinct to postulated mass-saving benefits associated with the origin of flight.

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Garcia, Sellés Albert. "Oological Record of Dinosaurs in South-Central Pyrenees (SW Europe): Parataxonomy, diversity and biostratigraphical implications." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/84108.

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Southern Pyrenees has provided an abundant fossil record of dinosaur eggs and eggshells. Historically, the oofamily Megaloolithidae has shown its predominance over any other group of fossil eggs in this region. In addition, this oofamily is world-wide distributed being represented by, at least, four oogenus and 20 oospeices. Considering that the eggshell is a high stable structure, this number of Megaloolithus‘s oospecies is too high for such a relatively short time-interval (Campanian to Maastrichtian; less than 7 My). The structural characters used to define these oospecies are critically revised. As a consequence, three structural groups have been identified, and only ten oospecies have been considered valid. Four of those oospecies have been recognized in Southern Pyrenees: M. aureliensis, M. sirugei, M. mamillare and M. baghensis. The oogenus Cairanoolithus, historically included in Megaloolithidae oofamily, is reevaluated. All evidences suggest that this type of fossil egg is, definitively, different from any other Megaloolithus. Consequently, a new oofamily is erected (Cairanoolithidae oofam. nov), which emphasizes the singularity of cairanoolithid eggs. Phylogenetical analysis also suggests that the eggs of Cairanoolithidae oofam. nov. could be laid by ornithischian dinosaurs. New oological material is described here, including the first spheroolithid oospecies (Spheroolithus oosp. nov.) from the Upper Cretaceous of Europe. Several oospecies of Prismatoolithus (Prismatoolithus oosp. nov, Prismatoolithus cf. levis, Prismatoolithus oosp. indet.) and few eggshells of ratite-morphotype (cf. Ageroolithus fontllonguensis) have been identified. In addition, the great number of specimens attributed to Pseudogeckoolithus oogenus allows re-describing and re-assigning this ootaxon to Mesozoic lizards. The space-temporal variation of the oological diversity in the Southern Pyrenees could be a consequence of environmental changes during the end-Cretaceous or even due to preferences in the nesting-site of each group of dinosaurs. Finally, biostratigraphical studies based on the successions of megaloolithid oospecies have been performed in Coll de Nargó and Àger-Tremp basins, and the European Megaloolithus succession has been updated. As a result, three oozonones have been described: M. aureliensis + Cairanoolithus oozone dates the Late Campanian, M. siruguei oozone the Early Maastrichtian and M. mamillare + M. baghensis oozone the Late Maastrichtian.

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Williams, Vincent Stanley. "Tooth microwear, diet and feeding in ornithischian dinosaurs." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10308.

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Understanding the feeding mechanisms and diet of ornithopod dinosaurs is fundamental to understanding their role in Late Cretaceous ecosystems. Current hypotheses of feeding behaviour are based on functional morphology, and testing these is problematic. Microscopic scratches, microwear, that form on teeth in vivo during feeding are known to record the relative movement of the tooth rows and to capture evidence of tooth-food interactions; however, their applicability to ornithischian dinosaurs has not been tested. The development of a fast non-abrasive and residue free method for the removal of resistant consolidant, along with a safe, rapid technique for replicating tooth surfaces was the first step towards assessing the suitability of quantitative tooth microwear analysis techniques for dinosaur teeth. An evaluation of appropriate statistical analysis methods followed, identifying suitably stringent tests for the analysis of variance in the multi-modal directional microwear data. Analysis of microwear orientation in Iguana iguana provided direct evidence for relative motion of the jaws. Microwear from the basal ornithischian Lesothosaurus diagnosticus revealed three distinct sets of scratches in different orientations that were comparable to those of I. iguana, confirming the isognathic, near-vertical, simple adduction predicted for this dinosaur. Results from the basal ornithopod Hypsilophodon foxii indicate a propalinal translation of the lower jaw during feeding and provide strong support for muscular cheeks, whilst those from the hadrosaurid Edmontosaurus indicate a near-vertical posterodorsal power stroke with a secondary propalinal action and support the presence of a pleurokinetic hinge. Analysis of a range of hadrosaurid taxa found that three differing mastication methods existed, potentially diet related. Furthermore, microwear suggests that here is no significant difference in the jaw mechanics between iguanodontians and hadrosaurids. The results demonstrate that microwear has great potential for unravelling the mystery of dinosaur feeding and identifying key stages in the evolution of jaw mechanics in ornithopods.

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Langer, Max Cardoso. "Saturnalia tupiniquim and the early evolution of dinosaurs." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364910.

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Biskis, Veronika N. "Feathered dinosaurs and the origin of avian flight." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/21125.

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Thesis (M.A.) PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
It is now widely accepted that modern day birds originated from the clade Theropoda represented by bipedal carnivorous dinosaurs that thrived between the late Triassic and Cretaceous period. New research illustrates how the evolutionary assembly of the avian body plan began in these theropods with small fore limbs, large hind limbs and stiff tails, and progressed through a series of increasingly bird-like, transitional anatomical stages. There is also a great deal of homoplasy among dinosaurs however, or evolution of the same traits in distantly related groups, which makes it even more difficult to pinpoint the phylogenetic relationships among theropods. A limited fossil record and confusing temporal inconsistency has also led paleontologists and ornithologists alike to dismiss this crucial connection. They often attribute the origin of birds instead to a basal archosaur, ancestor to both dinosaurs and crocodilians. However the recent discoveries of feathered non-avian theropods, especially from the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of Liaoning, China may finally lay the argument to rest. The scientific community has remained especially divided over to what degree feathers and other flight characteristics are present amongst the advanced theropods, and Dinosauria in general. Understanding this distinction helps separate each species into separate clades along the cloudy phylogenetic timeline as a function of feather development, and therefore offers insight into where they initially became functional for flight. Because fossils depicting defined integumental structures have been recently uncovered by the hundreds over the last 20 years, there is more evidence of this transition than ever. Through studies of theropod and avian physiology, we can gain more insight into the macroevolutionary principles and selective pressures that led dinosaurs to take to the sky.
2031-01-01

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Marquart, Chloe Louise. "Populations, plasticity, and phenotype : the challenges to the taxonomic understanding of morphology in iguanodontian dinosaurs." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608118.

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Upchurch, Paul. "The anatomy, phylogeny and systematics of the sauropod dinosaurs." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319576.

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Butler, R. J. "The phylogeny and early evolution of the ornithischian dinosaurs." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597179.

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The Elliot Formation of South Africa and Lesotho contains one of the most important but relatively understudied, early ornithischian faunas; here a review is presented of its known ‘fabrosaurid’ (non-heterodontosaurid) specimens. The first ornithischian collected from the Lower Elliot Formation (Late Triassic) is described, representing a new taxon of basal ornithischian. Within the Upper Elliot Formation (Early Jurassic), ‘Fabrosaurus australis’ is considered a nomen dubium, a new diagnosis of Lesothosaurus diagnosticus is presented, and a new taxon, Stormbergia dangershoeki gen. et sp. nov., is described. A comprehensive new cladistic analysis tests global ornithischian phylogeny. Results support the generally understood framework of ornithischian interrelationships; however, support is weak for many major clades, and the positions of certain taxa differ significantly from previous analyses. The enigmatic clade Heterodontosauridae may represent some of the most basal known ornithischians. Strong evidence supports hysilophodontid paraphyly, with some Middle Jurassic taxa (Agilisaurus, Hexinlusaurus) cladding as sister taxa to Cerapoda (Marginocephalia + Ornithopoda). Biogeographical analyses support hypotheses of vicariance related to the Late Jurassic geographical isolation of Asia. Synthesis of anatomical, taxonomic, phylogenetic, and biogeographical data allows the development of a broad overview of early ornithischain evolution. Triassic ornithischians were scarce and geographically limited. Ornithischians underwent a significant increase in diversity, abundance, and geographical distribution across the Triassic-Jurassic boundary, perhaps coincident with the origin of the clade Genasauria.

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Clark, Nicholas Barry Clark. "Darwin's Daikaiju: Representations of Dinosaurs in 20th Century Cinema." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1530828784659758.

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Holliday, Casey M. "Evolution and function of the jaw musculature and adductor chamber of archosaurs (crocodilians, dinosaurs, and birds)." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1147280827.

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Bates, Karl T. "Body Size and Locomotor Biomechanics in Non-Avian Theropod Dinosaurs." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.518454.

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Parish, Jolyon C. "The evolution and palaeobiology of the armoured dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Ankylosauria)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419324.

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Snively, Eric. "Rigid Body Mechanics of Prey Capture in Large Carnivorous Dinosaurs." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1322668677.

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Suteethorn, Suravech. "Sauropod dinosaurs of the Southeast Asia : systematic, evolution and paleoecology." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20088.

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Kambic, Robert Emmett. "Multivariate analysis of avian and non-avian theropod pedal phalanges." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/kambic/KambicR0508.pdf.

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The relationship between morphology and behavior in theropods was examined using multivariate analyses performed on a set of linear measurements of pedal non-ungual phalanges in a sample of 132 extant and 13 extinct taxa. Principal component analysis reveals that modern birds with terrestrial lifestyles tend to cluster away from those with raptorial and non-predatory grasping lifestyles although the division is not clean. Most non-avian dinosaurs tend to cluster with terrestrial species although Deinonychus and some Tyrannosaurids cluster with raptorial taxa. Terrestrial taxa tend to have phalanges that are comparatively shorter distally, are relatively wide, and have shallow grooving of the distal trochleae, while grasping taxa show opposing trends. Predatory graspers have proportionately wider phalanges than non-predatory graspers. Discriminant function analysis performs well in distinguishing among species with specialized behavior while taxa with less stereotyped behaviors are harder to classify. Predatory graspers are easily separated from non-predatory graspers. Troodon and Elmisaurus are grouped with terrestrial/cursorial taxa. Tyrannosaurus, Allosaurus, Daspletosaurus, and Albertosaurus are identified as terrestrial/cursorial with some possible predatory grasping ability. Deinonychus and Bambiraptor appear to have more grasping ability than Troodon.

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Taylor, Michael P. "Aspects of the history, anatomy, taxonomy and palaeobiology of sauropod dinosaurs." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496728.

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Although the sauropod dinosaurs have been recognised for more than a hundred and sixty years, much remains to be discovered and understood about their functional anatomy and palaeobiology. The taxonomy of older genera requires revision, and new taxa await description. The characteristic long necks of sauropods are mechanically perplexing and their evolution is obscure. All these issues are addressed herein.

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Rauhut, Oliver Walter Mischa. "The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropods (Dinosauria, Saurischia)." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310688.

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Colleary, Caitlin Elizabeth. "Is the presence of biomolecules evidence for molecular preservation in the fossil record?" Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100731.

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The molecular components of life (i.e., biomolecules such as DNA, proteins, lipids) have the potential to preserve in animals that have been extinct for millions of years, offering a scale of analysis previously inaccessible from the fossil record. As new technology (e.g., high resolution mass spectrometry) has been incorporated into fossil analyses, researchers have begun to detect biomolecules in terrestrial vertebrates dating back to the Triassic Period (~230 Ma). However, these biomolecules have not been demonstrated to be the biological remains of these ancient animals and may instead be exogenous organic contaminants. Here, I developed a series of analytical techniques to detect and interpret the preservation of the degraded remains of the most common protein in bone, collagen, in terrestrial vertebrates from two time slices that represent the two ends of the preservation spectrum: a "shallow time" study of fossils <150,000 years old from different burial environments (i.e., permafrost, fluvial and hot springs) and a deep time study of dinosaurs (~212 - 66 Ma) from the same burial environment (i.e., fluvial), representing the current limit of the reported protein preservation in the fossil record. Unlike previous studies that have focused on organic extractions to detect biomolecules, I studied intact fossil bones and the rocks they were found in, to understand more about the effect of burial conditions on preservation and potential alternative sources of organic compounds. I found endogenous amino acids (the degradation products of proteins) and lipids in the mammoth bones, although they were already heavily degraded in fluvial environments, even on such short timescales. I also found that there were amino acids and lipids preserved in the dinosaur bones, however tests on the age of the amino acids and the types of lipids present, demonstrate that they are not original to the animals in this study. Therefore, fluvial environments, one of the most common depositional environments preserved in the geologic record, are not conducive to the preservation of proteins on long timescales and researchers should be cautious when using these biomolecules to make interpretations about the biology of ancient animals.
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Gorscak, Eric. "Descriptive and Comparative Morphology of African Titanosaurian Sauropods: New Information on the Evolution of Cretaceous African Continental Faunas." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1478778037108276.

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Henderson, Donald Mackenzie. "A mathematical and computational analysis of the biomechanics of walking theropod dinosaurs." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297709.

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Filomena, Melissa, and Protik Sarkar. "Can dinosaurs generate unicorns? : -A corporate approach for early stage idea validation." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-246021.

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Companies are always trying to increase their sales and revenue, but nowadays due to technology advancement, competence and the fast moving economy this task becomes more difficult as time goes by. This is where innovation walks in, to find new ways to add value to customers, increasing profit and even find new potential markets. As part of implementing innovative practices, many companies have added corporate entrepreneurship to their structure, to look for new business models that reach diverse customers within the same industry. Getting in the mind of customers, trying to decipher unspoken needs and matching problems to new solutions is part of the insighting process that has to be done when attempting idea incubation. This research seeks to provide a methodology to make the insighting process for early idea validation, in a corporate environment, less manual and more mechanical. For this purpose the Stockholm division of Telia Company was used as study case and main source of data recollection, which brings the research results to a practical use and analysis.

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Hirschman, Deborah J. "Multimedia and motivation: The design and development of hypercard stack on dinosaurs." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/880.

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For this project the program Walk with Dinosaurs was developed using Keller's Theory of Motivation. Walk with Dinosaurs is a interactive multimedia tool for presenting an integrated thematic unit. As a HyperCard stack, it intoduces students to factual information on dinosaurs in an appealing and motivating way.

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Scherzer, Benjamin Andrew. "Taphonomy of the Sun River Bonebed, Late Cretaceous (Campanian) Two Medicine Formation of Montana." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/scherzer/ScherzerB0508.pdf.

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In the summer of 1998, a bonebed of juvenile dinosaur material was found in beds of the Two Medicine Formation along the Sun River in Teton County, Montana. Initial inspection of the \"Sun River Bonebed\" indicated unique dominance by juvenile remains and unusually high concentration of fossil material. Modern exposure of both the bonebed and surrounding strata allowed for a detailed taphonomic study of the assemblage. In the summer of 2004, the bonebed was excavated in a fashion that recorded depthwise taphonomic data of fossil material and surrounding sediment, and allowed for three-dimensional reconstruction of the bonebed. The lithology of the surrounding beds was documented for 120 m immediately below and 40 m immediately above the bonebed to interpret the overall depositional environment of the area. Lastly, the paleobiologic and sedimentologic interpretations made for the bonebed were compared to bonebeds of similar fauna in the Two Medicine Formation. Taphonomic attributes of the fossil material indicate a mass death assemblage of late juvenile lambeosaurines subject to post-mortem bioturbation and possible fluvial transport. A number of elements from the assemblage exhibit a rare form of taphonomic modification known as \"wet rot,\" currently documented in only one other dinosaur bonebed. Sedimentologic and additional taphonomic data in the assemblage indicate entrainment of the vertebrate material in a cohesive debris flow and ultimate deposition in the respective flow deposit. The sedimentology of the surrounding beds indicates ultimate deposition in an ephemeral fluvial environment. The restricted age class representation of the assemblage lends credence to existing paleobiologic interpretations of hadrosaurids in the Late Cretaceous of Montana, and the Sun River Bonebed is significant in its exhibition of \"wet rot\" modification and in being one of a restricted number of documented debris-flow hosted vertebrate bonebeds.

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Bishop, Peter James. "The Biomechanics of Terrestrial Locomotion in Theropods." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366107.

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The non-avian theropod dinosaurs are arguably some of the most iconic of extinct animals. One aspect of non-avian theropod biology that has always been of interest is terrestrial locomotion, as well as how it evolved on the line to modern birds. This topic has received extensive research attention over the past 25 years, but key questions remain unanswered. For example, the three-dimensional (3-D) limb posture and limb excursion used during stance and gait, bone loading mechanics or athletic ability in nonavian theropods remains vaguely understood, as does how the locomotor repertoire of modern birds was acquired. In this thesis, the question of theropod locomotion was addressed through a multi-faceted approach that integrated three disparate lines of evidence: fossil theropod footprints and trackways, comparative biomechanics of modern bird and human terrestrial locomotion, and cancellous bone architecture in the main bones of the hindlimb.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Allied Health
Griffith Health
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33

Noble, Brian Edward. "Between specimen and spectacle, culturing dinosaurs and performing worlds in museums and palaeobiology." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0011/NQ60006.pdf.

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Sakamoto, Manabu. "Bite force and the evolution of feeding function in birds, dinosaurs and cats." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492477.

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35

Samathi, Adun [Verfasser]. "Theropod dinosaurs from Thailand and Southeast Asia : phylogeny, evolution, and paleobiogeography / Adun Samathi." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2019. http://d-nb.info/120002012X/34.

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Griffin, Christopher T. "The evolution of intraspecific variation, growth, and body size in early theropod dinosaurs." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73682.

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Understanding the changes undergone during the life of an organism is often crucial to properly interpreting the evolutionary history of a group. For extinct organisms, this process can only be directly studied through growth series of fossils representing individuals at different stages of maturity. The growth patterns of the earliest dinosaurs (230–190 million years ago), in particular the morphological changes undergone during the life history of an individual (i.e., ontogeny) is poorly understood. To tackle this problem, I studied the changes undergone during growth of two early theropod dinosaurs, Coelophysis bauri and Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis. To reconstruct the growth of these dinosaurs I used ontogenetic sequence analysis (OSA). I found that, unlike living birds, early dinosaurs possessed an extremely high amount of intraspecific variation in growth. This variation had been previously interpreted as sexual difference; however, I found no evidence of this. Because this variation is widespread among early dinosaurs and their relatives, I hypothesize that this is the ancestral condition of dinosaurian growth, and that this was lost along the evolution to birds. These ontogenetic events are conserved through evolution, and I used this to assess the maturity of large Triassic theropods: I suggest that all known large-bodied Triassic theropods were still growing rapidly at death, and that the maximum body size of Triassic theropods was higher than previously supposed. Theropods were large before the end Triassic mass extinction, unlike what has been previously hypothesized.
Master of Science

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MYERS, TIMOTHY S. "TAPHONOMY OF THE MOTHER'S DAY QUARRY: IMPLICATIONS FOR GREGARIOUS BEHAVIOR IN SAUROPOD DINOSAURS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1090853934.

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Myers, Timothy S. "Taphonomy of the Mother's Day quarry implictions for gregarious behavior in sauropod dinosaurs /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=ucin1090853934.

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Naish, Darren William. "The osteology and affinities of Eotyrannus lengi and Lower Cretaceous theropod dinosaurs from England." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429784.

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VanDeVelde, David Michael. "Interpretation of the depositional environment and paleoclimate of dinosaur sites, Bushy Basin Member of the Jurassic Morrison Formation, east-central Utah." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1155136956.

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Katz, Eric Paul. "Measurement of the Cross-Sectional Area of the Nasal Passages of Nine Species of Modern Odontoceti with Implications for Comparative Physiology and the Paleophysiology of the Dinosauria." PDXScholar, 1999. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2247.

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In search of evidence for or against the endothermic dinosaur hypothesis, a recent study by Ruben et al. (1996) revealed that endotherms tend to have larger nasal cross-sectional areas than ectotherms of the same mass. The reason offered for this observation was that larger nasal passages are needed to house the complex respiratory turbinates possessed by endotherms. Whales were excluded from the study on the grounds that they have no nasal turbinates. In the present study, the cross-sectional area of the nasal passages of nine species of Odontoceti were measured by the use of latex casts. The regression of log cross-sectional area vs. log mass yielded the same line for the whales of the current study as for the endotherms of the previous study. Alternative explanations for the large nasal cross-sectional area of endotherms are sought.

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Cerio, Donald Greene. "The Visual Apparatus of Avian Dinosaurs and Other Diapsids: Anatomical Correlates of Behavior and Evolution." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1565617073174635.

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43

Borths, Matthew R. "Digging past the dinosaurs? locomotor trends and mammalian survivorship at the K-Pg (Cretaceous/Paleogene) boundary /." Connect to resource, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/32196.

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Levitt, Carolyn Gale. "Bone histology and growth of chasmosaurine ceratopsid dinosaurs from the Late Campanian Kaiparowits Formation, southern Utah." Thesis, The University of Utah, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1537537.

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Ceratopsian dinosaurs are one of the most diverse dinosaur groups in the Cretaceous, and an outstanding question is how growth strategies of this group evolved in relation to their shift from small bipedal basal ceratopsians to larger quadrupedal ceratopsids. Previous bone histology studies have investigated several basal ceratopsians and centrosaurine ceratopsids (e.g., Centrosaurus, Pachyrhinosaurus, Einiosaurus), but no chasmosaurine ceratopsids have been investigated. I conducted histological analysis of humeri, ulnae, femora, tibiae, ribs, and ossified tendons from multiple specimens of two species of chasmosaurine ceratopsid dinosaurs from the late Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) Kaiparowits Formation of southern Utah, Kosmoceratops richardsoni and Utahceratops gettyi, to examine bone microstructure indicators of growth rate and maturity. I also reexamined the long-bone histology of the ceratopsian dinosaurs Psittacosaurus mongoliensis, Protoceratops andrewsi, and Centrosaurus apertus . All elements of Utahceratops and Kosmoceratops examined are dominated by densely vascularized tissue, indicative of sustained fast growth. Radially-oriented vascular canals as well as dense osteocytes from throughout ontogeny are further indicators of rapid growth. I identified juvenile (UMNH VP 20444, UMNH VP 20454), subadult (UMNH VP 16681) and adult (UMNH VP 16860, UMNH VP 16861, UMNH VP 12198) specimens of Utahceratops, and two subadult to adult specimens (UMNH VP 17000, UMNH VP 21339) of Kosmoceratops.

I conclude that basal ceratopsians grew more slowly than the large quadrupedal ceratopsids, as evidenced by a generally higher number of definitive growth lines prevalent throughout development. In contrast, the presence of dense osteocytes, and reticular and radially-oriented vascular canals are rapid growth indicators shared by all sampled large ceratopsids, and imply an elevated metabolism for all ceratopsians. Sampled specimens of Utahceratops and Kosmoceratops do not preserve any evidence of annual lines of arrested growth (LAGs). Placed in context with the number of LAGs observed in Alaskan Pachyrhinosaurus, Centrosaurus from Alberta, and Einosaurus from Montana, these data suggest a latitudinal gradient in the number of LAGs, which suggests that bone growth is reacting to the climate.

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Baker, Joseph O., and Joseph O. Baker. "Dinosaurs, Diagrams, and Diabolic Darkness: Sexual Politics in the Creation Museum and among the American Public." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2595.

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Sanchez, Hernandez Barbara. "The upper jurassic-early cretaceous dinosaurs and other vertebrates form the Galve and Cameros Basins, NE Spain." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529822.

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O'Connor, Rebecca E. "Reproductive isolation, in individuals and during evolution, as result of gross genomic rearrangement in pigs, birds and dinosaurs." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/58390/.

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Chromosomal (karyotypic) analysis in animals is performed for three primary reasons: to diagnose genetic disease; to map genes to their place in the genome and to retrace evolutionary events by cross species comparison. Technology for analysis has progressed from chromosome banding (cytogenetics), to fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH - molecular cytogenetics) through to microarrays and ultimately whole genome sequence analysis (cytogenomics or chromonomics). Indeed, the past 10-15 years has seen a revolution in whole genome sequencing, first with the human genome project, followed by those of key model and agricultural species and, more recently, ~60 de novo avian genome assemblies. Whole genome analysis provides detailed insight into the biology of chromosome rearrangements that occur both in individuals (for diagnostic purposes) and at an evolutionary level. It permits the study of gene mapping, trait linkage, phylogenomics, and gross genomic organisation and change. An essential pre-requisite however is an unbroken length of contiguous DNA sequence along the length of each chromosome. Most recent de novo genome assemblies fall short of this level of resolution producing lengths of contiguous sequence that are sub-chromosomal in size (scaffolds). Chromosome rearrangements can affect reproductive capability at an individual level (causing reduced fertility) and at a population level leading to reproductive isolation and subsequent speciation. The purpose of this thesis was to implement a step change in the combination of FISH technology with genome sequence data to provide greater insight into the nature of chromosomal rearrangement at an individual and evolutionary level. It therefore had four specific aims: The first was to isolate sub-telomeric sequences from the pig, cattle and chicken genome assemblies to develop a tool for the rapid screening of chromosome rearrangements. Now routinely used for porcine translocation screening (and in the future bovine screening), development work revealed serious integrity errors in the pig genome. The second aim was to isolate evolutionary conserved sequences from avian chromosomes to create a means of screening for macro-and microchromosomal rearrangements in birds. Results confirmed the hypothesis that microchromosomal rearrangements were rare in birds, except for previously known whole chromosomal fusions. The third was to use the above tools to complete scaffold based genome assemblies in two key avian species - the peregrine falcon and the pigeon. Finally, bioinformatic tools were used to infer the overall genome structure of hypothetical saurian and avian ancestors. Retracing of the evolutionary changes that occurred up until the emergence of birds allowed an assessment of chromosome evolution along the saurischia-maniraptora- avialae lineage. Analysis of evolutionary breakpoint regions (EBRs) allowed testing of the hypothesis that the ontology of genes within EBRs corresponded to measurable phenotypic change in the lineage under investigation. An enrichment of genes associated with body height corresponded to rapid size change in the dinosaur linage that led to modern birds. Taken together, these results paint a picture of a genome that, from about 260 million years ago formed a 'signature' highly successful avian-dinosaur karyotype that remained largely unchanged interchromosomally to the present day. These results represent significant insight into amniote genomic organization with the added benefit of developing tools that are widely applicable and transferrable for commercial animal breeding, for constructing de novo genome assemblies and for reconstructing, by inference, the overall genomic structure and evolution of extinct animals.

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Yang, Tzu-Ruei [Verfasser]. "The reproductive biology of Cretaceous oviraptorid dinosaurs and its implication for the origin of bird reproduction / Tzu-Ruei Yang." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1173789766/34.

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Böhmer, Christine [Verfasser], and Oliver [Akademischer Betreuer] Rauhut. "Correlation between vertebral Hox code and vertebral morphology in archosaurs : implications for vertebral evolution in sauropodomorph dinosaurs / Christine Böhmer. Betreuer: Oliver Rauhut." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1046503383/34.

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Waskow, Katja [Verfasser]. "Patterns of life history recorded in the dorsal rib histology of amniotes : and their implications for body size evolution and ecology of sauropod dinosaurs / Katja Waskow." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2019. http://d-nb.info/118973074X/34.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dinosaurs'

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