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Journal articles on the topic 'Dinosaurs'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Nesbitt, Sterling J., Paul M. Barrett, Sarah Werning, Christian A. Sidor, and Alan J. Charig. "The oldest dinosaur? A Middle Triassic dinosauriform from Tanzania." Biology Letters 9, no. 1 (2013): 20120949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0949.

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The rise of dinosaurs was a major event in vertebrate history, but the timing of the origin and early diversification of the group remain poorly constrained. Here, we describe Nyasasaurus parringtoni gen. et sp. nov., which is identified as either the earliest known member of, or the sister–taxon to, Dinosauria. Nyasasaurus possesses a unique combination of dinosaur character states and an elevated growth rate similar to that of definitive early dinosaurs. It demonstrates that the initial dinosaur radiation occurred over a longer timescale than previously thought (possibly 15 Myr earlier), and

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2

Chure, Daniel J. "Quo Vadis Tyrannosaurus?: The Future of Dinosaur Studies." Short Courses in Paleontology 2 (1989): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475263000000957.

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“Although I work a lot with fossils in my own research on fishes, I do not care to be called a paleontologist; and I am turned off by many aspects of the public-relations hoopla surrounding paleontology, especially dinosaurs…. One could easily argue that the schools' fascination with dinosaurs might also detract from the other aspects of earth science and biological science and, in the end, weaken paleontology's image as an activity for hard-nosed grown-ups.”K.S. Thomson, 1985: p. 73“Let dinosaurs be dinosaurs. Let the Dinosauria stand proudly alone, a Class by itself. They merit it. And let u

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3

Nesbitt, Sterling J., and Hans-Dieter Sues. "The osteology of the early-diverging dinosaur Daemonosaurus chauliodus (Archosauria: Dinosauria) from the Coelophysis Quarry (Triassic: Rhaetian) of New Mexico and its relationships to other early dinosaurs." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191, no. 1 (2020): 150–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa080.

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Abstract The early evolution of dinosaurs is documented by abundant postcranial material, but cranial material is much rarer and comparisons of cranial features among early dinosaurs are limited to only a few specimens. Here, we fully detail the osteology of the unusual early-diverging dinosaur Daemonosaurus chauliodus from the latest Triassic Coelophysis Quarry in northern New Mexico, USA. The taxon possesses a unique and curious suite of character states present in a variety of early dinosaurs, and the morphology of D. chauliodus appears to link the morphology of Herrerasaurus with that of l

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Leach, Connor T., Emma Hoffman, and Peter Dodson. "The promise of taphonomy as a nomothetic discipline: taphonomic bias in two dinosaur-bearing faunas in North America1." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 58, no. 9 (2021): 852–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2020-0176.

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The fossil record of dinosaurs is a rich, if biased, one with nearly complete skeletons, partial skeletons, and isolated parts found in diverse, well-studied faunal assemblages around the world. Among the recognized biases are the preferential preservation of large dinosaurs and the systematic underrepresentation of small dinosaurs. Such biases have been quantitatively described in the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, where large, nearly complete dinosaurs were found and described early in collecting history and small, very incomplete dinosaurs were found and de

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Nesbitt, Sterling J., and Hans-Dieter Sues. "The osteology of the early-diverging dinosaur Daemonosaurus chauliodus (Archosauria: Dinosauria) from the Coelophysis Quarry (Triassic: Rhaetian) of New Mexico and its relationships to other early dinosaurs." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191, no. 1 (2021): 150. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa080.

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Nesbitt, Sterling J, Sues, Hans-Dieter (2021): The osteology of the early-diverging dinosaur Daemonosaurus chauliodus (Archosauria: Dinosauria) from the Coelophysis Quarry (Triassic: Rhaetian) of New Mexico and its relationships to other early dinosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191 (1): 150, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa080, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/191/1/150/5879911

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6

Padian, Kevin. "The problem of dinosaur origins: integrating three approaches to the rise of Dinosauria." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 103, no. 3-4 (2012): 423–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691013000431.

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ABSTRACTThe problem of the origin of dinosaurs has historically had three dimensions. The first is the question of whether Dinosauria is monophyletic, and of its relationships to other archosaurs. This question was plagued from the beginning by a lack of relevant fossils, an historical burden of confusing taxonomic terms and a rudimentary approach to devising phylogenies. The second dimension concerns the functional and ecological adaptations that differentiated dinosaurs from other archosaurs, a question also marred by lack of phylogenetic clarity and testable biomechanical hypotheses. The th

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7

Jenkins, Xavier, John Foster, and Robert Gay. "First unambiguous dinosaur specimen from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation in Utah." Geology of the Intermountain West 4 (December 15, 2017): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31711/giw.v4.pp231-242.

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Triassic dinosaurs represent relatively rare but important components of terrestrial faunas across Pangea. Whereas this record has been well studied at various locales across the American West, there has been no previous systematic review of Triassic material assigned to Dinosauria from Utah. Here, we critically examine the published body fossil and footprint record of Triassic dinosaurs from Utah and revise their record from the state. In addition, we describe a sacrum from a locality within the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation of southeastern Utah. _is specimen represents the only unambiguous

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Jenkins, Xavier A., John R. Foster, and Robert J. Gay. "First unambiguous dinosaur specimen from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation in Utah." Geology of the Intermountain West 4 (August 15, 2017): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31711/giw.v4i0.16.

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Triassic dinosaurs represent relatively rare but important components of terrestrial faunas across Pangea. Whereas this record has been well studied at various locales across the American West, there has been no previous systematic review of Triassic material assigned to Dinosauria from Utah. Here, we critically examine the published body fossil and footprint record of Triassic dinosaurs from Utah and revise their record from the state. In addition, we describe a sacrum from a locality within the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation of southeastern Utah. _is specimen represents the only unambiguous

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9

Egorov, Pavel, Evgeny Nesterov, Stanislav Dubrova, Konstantin Shmoylov, and Maria Markova. "Variability in biological diversity of dinosaurs and types of their diet." E3S Web of Conferences 371 (2023): 01087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337101087.

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Biodiversity analysis underlies macroevolutionary studies and allows to identify mass extinctions. Numerous studies of mass extinctions show that geological factors play a central role in determining the diversity dynamics. The late Cretaceous extinction is of interest to science as the closest to us extinction of the five mass extinctions that occurred in the Phanerozoic. There is currently no scientific consensus on the scenario in which the extinction occurred on land. In order to assess the features of superorder Dinosauria development during the Cretaceous-Paleogene, the authors have anal

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Irmis, Randall B. "Evaluating hypotheses for the early diversification of dinosaurs." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 101, no. 3-4 (2010): 397–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691011020068.

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ABSTRACTMany hypotheses have been proposed for the rise of dinosaurs, but their early diversification remains poorly understood. This paper examines the occurrences, species diversity and abundance of early dinosaurs at both regional and global scales to determine patterns of their early evolutionary history. Four main patterns are clear: (1) sauropodomorph dinosaurs became abundant during the late Norian–Rhaetian of Gondwana and Europe; (2) Triassic dinosaurs of North America have low species diversity and abundance until the beginning of the Jurassic; (3) sauropodomorphs and ornithischians a

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Seebacher, Frank. "Dinosaur body temperatures: the occurrence of endothermy and ectothermy." Paleobiology 29, no. 1 (2003): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2003)029<0105:dbttoo>2.0.co;2.

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Despite numerous studies, the thermal physiology of dinosaurs remains unresolved. Thus, perhaps the commonly asked question whether dinosaurs were ectotherms or endotherms is inappropriate, and it is more constructive to ask which dinosaurs were likely to have been endothermic and which ones ectothermic. Field data from crocodiles over a large size range show that body temperature fluctuations decrease with increasing body mass, and that average daily body temperatures increase with increasing mass. A biophysical model, the biological relevance of which was tested against field data, was used

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Curry Rogers, Kristina, Ricardo N. Martínez, Carina Colombi, Raymond R. Rogers, and Oscar Alcober. "Osteohistological insight into the growth dynamics of early dinosaurs and their contemporaries." PLOS ONE 19, no. 4 (2024): e0298242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0298242.

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Dinosauria debuted on Earth’s stage in the aftermath of the Permo-Triassic Mass Extinction Event, and survived two other Triassic extinction intervals to eventually dominate terrestrial ecosystems. More than 231 million years ago, in the Upper Triassic Ischigualasto Formation of west-central Argentina, dinosaurs were just getting warmed up. At this time, dinosaurs represented a minor fraction of ecosystem diversity. Members of other tetrapod clades, including synapsids and pseudosuchians, shared convergently evolved features related to locomotion, feeding, respiration, and metabolism and could

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13

Sereno, Paul C. "Evolution of Bird-Hipped Dinosaurs (Ornithischia)." Short Courses in Paleontology 2 (1989): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475263000000842.

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By the end of the last century, the assortment of dinosaur skeletons that had already accumulated were classified into two groups of approximately equal size based on the divergent plan of their hip bones: Saurischia, the “lizard-hipped” dinosaurs, and Ornithischia, the “bird-hipped” dinosaurs (Seeley, 1888). Today we continue to follow this early dinosaur classification, albeit for somewhat different reasons, and consider that it captures a fundamental, ancient bifurcation in dinosaur evolutionary history.

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Fukuoka, Yasuhiro, and Junki Akama. "Dynamic bipedal walking of a dinosaur-like robot with an extant vertebrate's nervous system." Robotica 32, no. 6 (2013): 851–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574713001045.

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SUMMARYIn this study, we attempt to develop a biped dinosaur-like walking robot by focusing on its nervous system as well as its mechanism. We developed a robot ‘Dinobot’ on the basis of palaeontological knowledge on dinosaurs and extant animals. In addition, we employed typical biologically inspired walking gait generation and control methods derived from an extant vertebrate's nervous system. In particular, we utilized a central pattern generator (CPG), which is a locomotion rhythm generator in a vertebrate's spinal cord, to generate the robot's walking rhythm. Moreover, a reflex centre was

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15

Bailleul, Alida M., Jingmai O’Connor, and Mary H. Schweitzer. "Dinosaur paleohistology: review, trends and new avenues of investigation." PeerJ 7 (September 27, 2019): e7764. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7764.

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In the mid-19th century, the discovery that bone microstructure in fossils could be preserved with fidelity provided a new avenue for understanding the evolution, function, and physiology of long extinct organisms. This resulted in the establishment of paleohistology as a subdiscipline of vertebrate paleontology, which has contributed greatly to our current understanding of dinosaurs as living organisms. Dinosaurs are part of a larger group of reptiles, the Archosauria, of which there are only two surviving lineages, crocodilians and birds. The goal of this review is to document progress in th

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Doran Brownstein, Chase. "Dinosaurs from the Santonian–Campanian Atlantic coastline substantiate phylogenetic signatures of vicariance in Cretaceous North America." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 8 (2021): 210127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210127.

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During the Cretaceous, diversifications and turnovers affected terrestrial vertebrates experiencing the effects of global geographical change. However, the poor fossil record from the early Late Cretaceous has concealed how dinosaurs and other terrestrial vertebrates responded to these events. I describe two dinosaurs from the Santonian to Early Campanian of the obscure North American paleolandmass Appalachia. A revised look at a large, potentially novel theropod shows that it likely belongs to a new clade of tyrannosauroids solely from Appalachia. Another partial skeleton belongs to an early

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17

Brusatte, Stephen L., Michael J. Benton, Marcello Ruta, and Graeme T. Lloyd. "The first 50 Myr of dinosaur evolution: macroevolutionary pattern and morphological disparity." Biology Letters 4, no. 6 (2008): 733–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0441.

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The evolutionary radiation of dinosaurs in the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic was a pivotal event in the Earth's history but is poorly understood, as previous studies have focused on vague driving mechanisms and have not untangled different macroevolutionary components (origination, diversity, abundance and disparity). We calculate the morphological disparity (morphospace occupation) of dinosaurs throughout the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic and present new measures of taxonomic diversity. Crurotarsan archosaurs, the primary dinosaur ‘competitors’, were significantly more disparate than di

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Allmon, Warren. "The Pre-Modern History of the Post-Modern Dinosaur: Phases and Causes in Post-Darwinian Dinosaur Art." Earth Sciences History 25, no. 1 (2006): 5–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.25.1.g2687j050u3w1546.

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Our images of dinosaurs have changed greatly and repeatedly since the group was first recognized in 1842. Although these changes have frequently been noted, their causes have not been adequately investigated. The history of dinosaur iconography since the publication of the Origin of Species can be usefully divided into at least four phases. During each of these phases, images of dinosaurs have been affected as much by what scientists thought dinosaurs should look like according to their particular views of the evolutionary process, as by empirical information derived from analysis of fossils.

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Marsicano, Claudia A., Randall B. Irmis, Adriana C. Mancuso, Roland Mundil, and Farid Chemale. "The precise temporal calibration of dinosaur origins." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 3 (2015): 509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1512541112.

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Dinosaurs have been major components of ecosystems for over 200 million years. Although different macroevolutionary scenarios exist to explain the Triassic origin and subsequent rise to dominance of dinosaurs and their closest relatives (dinosauromorphs), all lack critical support from a precise biostratigraphically independent temporal framework. The absence of robust geochronologic age control for comparing alternative scenarios makes it impossible to determine if observed faunal differences vary across time, space, or a combination of both. To better constrain the origin of dinosaurs, we pr

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20

Bittencourt, Jonathas S., and Max C. Langer. "Mesozoic dinosaurs from Brazil and their biogeographic implications." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 83, no. 1 (2011): 23–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652011000100003.

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The record of dinosaur body-fossils in the Brazilian Mesozoic is restricted to the Triassic of Rio Grande do Sul and Cretaceous of various parts of the country. This includes 21 named species, two of which were regarded as nomina dubia, and 19 consensually assigned to Dinosauria. Additional eight supraspecific taxa have been identified based on fragmentary specimens and numerous dinosaur footprints known in Brazil. In fact, most Brazilian specimens related to dinosaurs are composed of isolated teeth and vertebrae. Despite the increase of fieldwork during the last decade, there are still no din

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Richards, Morgan. "Digitising Dinosaurs." Media International Australia 100, no. 1 (2001): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0110000108.

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This article reflects on the intersection of science, art and technology in the construction of the televisual dinosaur. In particular, it is concerned with the class of digital dinosaurs hatched in Jurassic Park (1993) and The Lost World (1997), powered by the latest digital technologies for the reinscription of the filmic and televisual image, and recently grafted to that most domestic of media genres, the animal documentary. Focusing on the BBC television series Walking with Dinosaurs (1999), the digital dinosaur is proposed as an object of mimetic desire in which narratives of intimacy and

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Ouilapan, Saranpat, Gavan Cooke, and Phornphen Chanthasit. "Children’s Interest in Dinosaur Museums and Dinosaurs in Thailand." Sarawak Museum Journal 87, no. 108 (2024): 17–31. https://doi.org/10.61507/tsmj-2024-1ddd-02.

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Museums, exhibits, and displays regarding dinosaurs are a key influence in children’s development, creating understanding, knowledge, and awareness of the natural world, and even influencing their future career choices. Unfortunately, upon preliminary literature reviews, there is little information and studies concerning this subject in Thailand, leading to the formation of this research. Accordingly, this research aims to explore opinions and attitudes regarding dinosaurs and dinosaur museum exhibits in kindergarten, primary, and secondary school students, and the pursuit of future career cho

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Chebotareva, Elena. "Dinosaurs are the Characters of Cinema as a Reflection of the Transformation of Relations Between Science and Society." Logos et Praxis, no. 1 (April 2023): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2023.1.6.

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The author explores the social and cultural implications of dinosaurs as popular cinematic characters. The article shows how dinosaurs gradually become heroes of mass culture. They left paleontological research to enter the wide symbolic space, to visualize and develop themselves in the space of animation. The author provides a brief review of animated series and films with dinosaurs from the first short film in 1914 to the present day, considering the changing roles assigned to these ancient animals. The change in the semantic load of movie hero dinosaurs was analyzed in the context of ongoin

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Rathore, Akshaya. "Use of Artificial Reality and Virtual Reality in Creation of Virtual Fossils Museum: Dinosaur Fossils National Park Bagh Dhar." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 3 (2022): 805–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40740.

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Abstract: Dinosaur Fossils National Park Bagh has huge fossils reserves of late cretaceous period that includes Dinosaurs bones, whole dinosaurs’ nests, dinosaurs’ eggs, tree fossils, shark teeth, ammonites, bivalves, inoceramids, and other marine organisms. With the help of local researchers and forest staff over the period oftime we had collected fossils of many species. Firstly, we inventoried the fossils physically then we created 3dmodels of at least one specimen of each fossils’ species. These 3D models can be displayed on website using Artificial Reality and also using virtual reality w

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Fastovsky, David E. "Dinosaurs in Space and Time: The Geological Setting." Short Courses in Paleontology 2 (1989): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475263000000829.

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The title of this chapter makes a promise that cannot be kept: that somehow there could be summarized in its few pages all the paleoenvironments of dinosaur-bearing strata through time. Dinosaurs were –as far as can be determined – ubiquitious in the terrestrial realm. It would be impossible to summarize the Recent terrestrial settings of birds (avian dinosaurs), let alone 135 million years of terrestrial settings. For this reason, this paper will be restricted to generalizations about ancient environments, highlighting particularly interesting or productive dinosaur-bearing localities in Nort

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Archibald, J. David. "The Demise of the Dinosaurs and the Rise of the Mammals." Short Courses in Paleontology 2 (1989): 162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475263000000945.

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The demise of the dinosaurs some 66.4 million years ago (MYA) has come to embody for scientist and layman alike the concept of extinction, especially that of mass extinction. So pervasive has this idea become that no book, whether specializing on dinosaurs or representing a general overview of biology or geology, concludes without dealing with dinosaur extinction. In the context of the Phanerozoic history of life, this preoccupation with dinosaur extinction is probably not warranted because it may tell us little about extinction or evolutionary processes in general.

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Teppo, Anne R., and Ted Hodgson. "Dinosaurs, Dinosaur Eggs, and Probability." Mathematics Teacher 94, no. 2 (2001): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.94.2.0086.

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In their article “What Every High School Graduate Should Know about Statistics,” Scheaffer, Watkins, and Landwehr (1998) contend that one cannot understand statistics without understanding probability. As a consequence, the authors outline several recommendations regarding teaching probability in the secondary school.

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Monnin, Victor. "The Dinosaur Renaissance 1960s-80s: A Foundational Episode for the Historiography of Paleoart." HoST - Journal of History of Science and Technology 17, no. 1 (2023): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/host-2023-0002.

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Abstract The “Dinosaur Renaissance” is known as a crucial event in the study of dinosaurs. From sluggish and lizard-like, they came to be conceived and represented as more dynamic animals. This paper argues that the “Dinosaur Renaissance” did not only constitute a significant scientific and artistic shift. Indeed, it can also be interpreted as a foundational episode for the historiography of paleoart. During the “Dinosaur Renaissance,” a growing community of artists and paleontologists promoted the integration of artistic processes in paleontology. They began to actively discuss the historical

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Averianov, A. O., H. D. Sues, and P. A. Tleuberdina. "The forgotten dinosaurs of Zhetysu (Eastern Kazakhstan; Late Cretaceous)." Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 316, no. 2 (2012): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2012.316.2.139.

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The Late Cretaceous dinosaur-bearing localities discovered in the Ili River Basin in the foothills of Dzhungar Alatau, in the center of the historical region Zhetysu (Semirechie), in 1925–1927 are among the first occurrences for dinosaurs discovered in Asia. Preliminary identifications of dinosaurian remains from the Zhetysu localities, reviewed by Nesov (1995a), included Sauropoda, Tyrannosauridae, Hadrosauridae, Ankylosauridae, and possible Ceratopsidae. The only previously described specimen from this assemblage is a tibia attributed to cf. Ceratopsia by Riabinin (1939) from the Kara-Cheku

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Horner, John R. "Dinosaur behavior and growth." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s247526220000695x.

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Geological and paleontological data derived from the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana indicates that at least some dinosaur species exhibited complex social behaviors comparable to many living birds. Two species of duck-billed dinosaurs, a hypsilophodontid and a troodontid, nested in colonies and attended their respective young. Duckbilled dinosaurs had altricial young, whereas the hypsilophodontid and troodontid had precocial young. Morphological evidence indicates that several of the cranial elements of the nestling duckbills experienced retarded development, and a retentio

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Sankey, Julia T. "Late Campanian southern dinosaurs, Aguja Formation, Big Bend, Texas." Journal of Paleontology 75, no. 1 (2001): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000031991.

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One of the southernmost North American late Campanian microvertebrate assemblages was collected from the upper Aguja Formation, Big Bend National Park, Texas. The dinosaurs provide additional evidence that distinct southern and northern terrestrial vertebrate provinces occurred contemporaneously during this time due to latitudinal differences in temperature and rainfall. Southern areas, such as west Texas, were warm dry, with non-seasonal climates, and with open-canopy woodlands; they appear to be less fossil-rich and less diverse than northern areas. Nine dinosaurs are present, based on isola

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Harries, Judith. "Dinosaur stomp." Early Years Educator 22, no. 6 (2021): S4—S5. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/eyed.2021.22.6.s4.

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Berman, David S., and John S. McIntosh. "The Recapitation of Apatosaurus." Paleontological Society Special Publications 7 (1994): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200009436.

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In 1915 the Carnegie Museum of Natural History's magnificent skeleton of the sauropod dinosaur Apatosaurus louisae, discovered in 1909 at what is now Dinosaur National Monument in northeastern Utah, took its place alongside the equally impressive skeleton of Diplodocus carnegii in the Hall of Dinosaurs. At that time and for the next 17 years, however, it stood conspicuously headless. It was not until December of 1932 that the skeleton was completed, and then with the wrong head—a Camarasaurus skull. How this came about and how the error was corrected requires the untangling of a long series of

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Armitage, Mark H. "Ultraviolet Autofluorescence Microscopy of Nanotyrannus lancensis Sections Reveals Blood Clots in Vessel Canals." Microscopy Today 30, no. 6 (2022): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929522001262.

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Abstract:Theropod dinosaurs have captured the imagination of the public and paleontologists alike. Histology of the bones of theropods has revealed much about dinosaur physiology, behavior, and growth. Histology and ultraviolet fluorescence (UVFL) microscopy of one controversial dinosaur, Nanotyrannus lancensis, reveals the presence of blood clots in post-fixed vessel canals of claw, vertebra, and other isolated post-cranial elements collected at Hell Creek, MT. These clots are thicker, more closely adherent to canal walls, and more reactive to 347 nm UVFL incident light than unfixed specimens

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Lloyd, G. T., D. W. Bapst, M. Friedman, and K. E. Davis. "Probabilistic divergence time estimation without branch lengths: dating the origins of dinosaurs, avian flight and crown birds." Biology Letters 12, no. 11 (2016): 20160609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0609.

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Branch lengths—measured in character changes—are an essential requirement of clock-based divergence estimation, regardless of whether the fossil calibrations used represent nodes or tips. However, a separate set of divergence time approaches are typically used to date palaeontological trees, which may lack such branch lengths. Among these methods, sophisticated probabilistic approaches have recently emerged, in contrast with simpler algorithms relying on minimum node ages. Here, using a novel phylogenetic hypothesis for Mesozoic dinosaurs, we apply two such approaches to estimate divergence ti

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Florides, Georgios A., and Paul Christodoulides. "On Dinosaur Reconstruction: Posture of Dinosaurs." Open Journal of Geology 11, no. 12 (2021): 756–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojg.2021.1112037.

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Rathore, Akshaya. "Digital Inventory of Fossils: Dinosaur Fossils National Park Bagh Dhar." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 12 (2021): 1311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39528.

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Abstract: Dinosaur Fossils National Park Bagh has huge fossils reserves of late cretaceous period that includes Dinosaurs bones, whole dinosaurs’ nests, dinosaurs’ eggs, tree fossils, shark teeth, ammonites, bivalves, inoceramids, and other marine organisms. With the help of local researchers and forest staff over the period oftime we had collected fossils of many species. Firstly, we inventoried the fossils physically and documented each by maintaining Stock Registers. Digitizing the Stock Registers – to convert each register in excel file which includes all the details regarding that fossil.

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Barrick, Reese E. "Thermal Physiology of the Dinosauria: Evidence from Oxygen Isotopes in Bone Phosphate." Paleontological Society Special Publications 7 (1994): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200009552.

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Dinosaurs were an abundant group of reptiles that originated in the mid-Triassic. They rapidly diversified, filling all of the ecological niches for large-bodied terrestrial vertebrates by the Late Triassic and dominated this landscape for 163 m.y. Yet due to the lack of direct evidence little is known about their metabolism. The question as to whether dinosaurs were “warm-blooded” or “cold-blooded” has been debated for over 25 years. Knowledge of dinosaur thermal physiology is critical if we are to understand how they lived and functioned. This knowledge can then be used to help answer questi

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Novas, Fernando E. "The tibia and tarsus in Herrerasauridae (Dinosauria, incertae sedis) and the origin and evolution of the dinosaurian tarsus." Journal of Paleontology 63, no. 5 (1989): 677–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000041317.

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The tarsus and distal end of the tibia are described in Herrerasauridae, a family that includes the oldest known dinosaurs. This tarsal configuration is compared to those of more advanced dinosaurs and to other archosaurs. Through phylogenetic analysis of the morphological characters, a picture emerges of the evolutionary changes in the ankles of early dinosaurs.The tibia of the herrerasaurids has a quadrangular distal articular surface, with a shallow ventrolateral notch. This morphology is strikingly similar to that of the lagosuchid thecodontsPseudolagosuchusandLagosuchusand represents the

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Hone, David W. E., Andrew A. Farke, and Mathew J. Wedel. "Ontogeny and the fossil record: what, if anything, is an adult dinosaur?" Biology Letters 12, no. 2 (2016): 20150947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0947.

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Identification of the ontogenetic status of an extinct organism is complex, and yet this underpins major areas of research, from taxonomy and systematics to ecology and evolution. In the case of the non-avialan dinosaurs, at least some were reproductively mature before they were skeletally mature, and a lack of consensus on how to define an ‘adult’ animal causes problems for even basic scientific investigations. Here we review the current methods available to determine the age of non-avialan dinosaurs, discuss the definitions of different ontogenetic stages, and summarize the implications of t

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Brinkman, Paul. "Red Deer River shakedown: a history of the Captain Marshall field paleontological expedition to Alberta, 1922, and its aftermath." Earth Sciences History 32, no. 2 (2013): 204–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.32.2.n450m52t2964730k.

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A Field Museum expedition to collect Late Cretaceous dinosaurs operated for three and a half months in the summer of 1922 in the Red Deer River badlands (Oldman and Dinosaur Park formations, Belly River Group) in an area now known as Dinosaur Provincial Park in southern Alberta, Canada. Associate Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology Elmer S. Riggs led the expedition. He was ably assisted by veteran collectors George F. Sternberg and John B. Abbott. A trio of novice collectors, Anthony Dombrosky, George Bedford and C. Harold Riggs, Elmer's youngest son, rounded out the party. The expedition was a

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Mikulic, Donald G. "Giant Lizards: A Brief History of Early Dinosaur Reconstruction." Paleontological Society Special Publications 7 (1994): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200009394.

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Although they have been extinct for more than 60 million years, dinosaurs are a familiar part of our culture. Featured regularly in entertainment, advertising and the news, they are recognized more readily in today's society than many living animals. Dinosaurs also function as a powerful educational tool, stimulating the interest of children and adults in the natural world. Moreover, they serve as a primary symbol of evolution, extinction and the long history of life on Earth. Yet, few people realize how radically our understanding of dinosaurs has changed since their discovery 170 years ago.T

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Araújo, Bruno de Lima, Alexia Satie Augusto, André Prates, et al. "“PATAGOTITAN – O MAIOR DO MUNDO”: CIÊNCIA, EDUCAÇÃO E DECOLONIALIDADE EM UMA EXPOSIÇÃO DE DINOSSAUROS." PALEONTOLOGIA EM DESTAQUE - Boletim Informativo da Sociedade Brasileira de Paleontologia 38, no. 79 (2024): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4072/paleodest.2023.38.79.03.

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“Patagotitan - World’s Largest Dinosaur”: Science, Education and Decoloniality in a Dinosaur Exhibition. During three months, a dinosaur exhibition was held in the Central-South Zone of the city of São Paulo, Brazil. There were 21 educators serving tens of thousands of visitors from the general public, including 157 schools and 6528 students. The exhibition featured replicas of 14 species of dinosaurs found in Argentina and one dinosaur that inhabited southern Brazil, as well as six original fossils, originally from the Egidio Feruglio Paleontological Museum, located in Chubut, Argentina. Amon

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Carpenter, Kenneth, and Peter Galton. "A photo documentation of bipedal ornithischian dinosaurs from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, USA." Geology of the Intermountain West 5 (August 17, 2018): 167–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.31711/giw.v5.pp167-207.

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Bipedal ornithischian dinosaurs from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation are rare, forming only about 15% of the dinosaur specimens. Nevertheless, one of them was among the first dinosaurs named from what was then the ‘’Atlantosaurus Beds’’ of Colorado. Collecting and restudy for 140 years has increased the diversity from the initial 1877 discovery to the currently valid four genera and six species, viz., Fruitadens haagaroum, Nanosaurus agilis, Camptosaurus dispar, C. aphanoecetes, Dryosaurus altus, and D. elderae, which we briefly review. We demonstrate that the enigmatic Nanosaurus agili

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Mallon, Jordan C. "Recognizing sexual dimorphism in the fossil record: lessons from nonavian dinosaurs." Paleobiology 43, no. 3 (2017): 495–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2016.51.

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AbstractThe demonstration of sexual dimorphism in the fossil record can provide vital information about the role that sexual selection has played in the evolution of life. However, statistically robust inferences of sexual dimorphism in fossil organisms are exceedingly difficult to establish, owing to issues of sample size, experimental control, and methodology. This is particularly so in the case of dinosaurs, for which sexual dimorphism has been posited in many species, yet quantifiable data are often lacking. This study presents the first statistical investigation of sexual dimorphism acros

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Breeden, Benjamin T., Thomas J. Raven, Richard J. Butler, Timothy B. Rowe, and Susannah C. R. Maidment. "The anatomy and palaeobiology of the early armoured dinosaur Scutellosaurus lawleri (Ornithischia: Thyreophora) from the Kayenta Formation (Lower Jurassic) of Arizona." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 7 (2021): 201676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201676.

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The armoured dinosaurs, Thyreophora, were a diverse clade of ornithischians known from the Early Jurassic to the end of the Cretaceous. During the Middle and Late Jurassic, the thyreophorans radiated to evolve large body size, quadrupedality, and complex chewing mechanisms, and members of the group include some of the most iconic dinosaurs, including the plated Stegosaurus and the club-tailed Ankylosaurus ; however, the early stages of thyreophoran evolution are poorly understood due to a paucity of relatively complete remains from early diverging thyreophoran taxa. Scutellosaurus lawleri is g

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Horner, John R., Kevin Padian, and Armand de Ricqlès. "Comparative osteohistology of some embryonic and perinatal archosaurs: developmental and behavioral implications for dinosaurs." Paleobiology 27, no. 1 (2001): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2001)027<0039:coosea>2.0.co;2.

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Histologic studies of embryonic and perinatal longbones of living birds, non-avian dinosaurs, and other reptiles show a strong phylogenetic signal in the distribution of tissues and patterns of vascularization in both the shafts and the bone ends. The embryonic bones of basal archosaurs and other reptiles have thin-walled cortices and large marrow cavities that are sometimes subdivided by erosion rooms in early stages of growth. The cortices of basal reptiles are poorly vascularized, and osteocyte lacunae are common but randomly organized. Additionally, there is no evidence of fibrolamellar ti

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Benson, Roger B. J. "Dinosaur Macroevolution and Macroecology." Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 49, no. 1 (2018): 379–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110617-062231.

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Dinosaurs were large-bodied land animals of the Mesozoic that gave rise to birds. They played a fundamental role in structuring Jurassic–Cretaceous ecosystems and had physiology, growth, and reproductive biology unlike those of extant animals. These features have made them targets of theoretical macroecology. Dinosaurs achieved substantial structural diversity, and their fossil record documents the evolutionary assembly of the avian body plan. Phylogeny-based research has allowed new insights into dinosaur macroevolution, including the adaptive landscape of their body size evolution, patterns

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Julián, Monge-Nájera. "How to use dinosaurs to teach the scientific method, conservation and ethics." Biocenosis 31, no. 1-2 (2017): 101–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1438415.

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Dinosaurs have great educational potential because they fascinate young minds and the general public. The ancient Chinese, Greeks and Romans explained their fossils with beautiful legends; in the Twentieth century, Jurassic Park and Walking with Dinosaurs brought dinosaur science to the masses. Here I explain how to make three inexpensive and simple activities: the first one teaches how to reconstruct the appearance of a dinosaur and its habitat from fossils and focuses on the requirements of the Scientific Method; it can be done with a computer or manually. The second is a simple drawing prac

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PRIETO-MÁRQUEZ, ALBERT. "Revised diagnoses of Hadrosaurus foulkii Leidy, 1858 (the type genus and species of Hadrosauridae Cope, 1869) and Claosaurus agilis Marsh, 1872 (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the Late Cretaceous of North America." Zootaxa 2765, no. 1 (2011): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2765.1.6.

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Hadrosauridae constitutes a very diverse clade of herbivorous dinosaurs that were extremely abundant during the Campanian–Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) of Europe, Asia, both Americas, and probably also Antarctica (Horner et al. 2004). The fact that hadrosaurids are one of the best-known clades of dinosaurs, represented by arguably the richest dinosaurian fossil record, contrasts with the scarcity of material and apparently undiagnostic nature of their type genus and species, Hadrosaurus foulkii. The holotype and only known specimen of H. foulkii is also historically significant for being the

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