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1
Reeks, John. "“Fair Persuasions”? The Implementation of Laudian Altar Policy in the Diocese of Bath and Wells." Reformation 23, no. 2 (July 3, 2018): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13574175.2018.1519178.
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Arlow, Ruth. "Bishop's Council & Standing Committee of the Diocesan Synod of the Diocese of Bath and Wells v Church Commissioners for England." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 16, no. 3 (August 13, 2014): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x14000829.
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Ilyés, Csaba, Gábor Nyiri, Márton Tóth, Margit Virág, Tamás Madarász, and Péter Szűcs. "Geological, hydrogeological and hydraulical investigation of the Hajdúdorog Bath." Multidiszciplináris tudományok 12, no. 3 (2022): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35925/j.multi.2022.3.27.
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In our work, a preliminary hydrogeological investigation was carried out to identify the thermal bath of Hajdúdorog’s hydrogeological setting and analyze the area which it is in. Literature review was performed to understand the geological, hydrogeological conditions as well as analyzing the production wells of the bath themselves. Based on the analysis a simple hydrodynamic modeling was performed to better understand the magnitude of the volume of water that can be extracted without disturbing the nearby Hajdúnánás Bath. Based on Our results, the Hajdúdorog Bath can produce more water from the aquifer to initiate infrastructural expansion for the future.
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YORKE, BARBARA. "Charters of Bath and Wells - Edited by Susan Kelly." Early Medieval Europe 17, no. 1 (January 16, 2009): 104–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0254.2009.00253.x.
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Cranmer, Frank, and David Pocklington. "Accommodating Bishops." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 16, no. 3 (August 13, 2014): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x14000532.
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Earlier this year the Church Commissioners decided that the newly appointed Bishop of Bath and Wells should live in the Old Rectory, Croscombe, instead of at the historic palace in Wells. When the decision met considerable local opposition, not least in the House of Commons, the Archbishops' Council appointed a committee consisting of Mrs Mary Chapman (in the Chair), Philip Fletcher and Archdeacon Cherry Vann to consider objections. After a hearing, the committee directed that the transaction should not proceed.
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Steinmetz, David C. "Luther and the Ascent of Jacob's Ladder." Church History 55, no. 2 (June 1986): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3167419.
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On the west front of Bath Abbey there are carved two stone ladders stretching from heaven to earth on which twelve angels are climbing, six on each ladder. A tourist who sees the west front of the abbey for the first time is told that the carvings represent the dream of Oliver King, Bishop of Bath and Wells under Henry VII and his former chief secretary. The bishop had a nocturnal vision of angels climbing ladders to heaven. As he stood before the ladders in amazement, he heard voices saying that an olive should establish the crown and that the king should restore the church. He took the reference to olives and kings to be an allusion to his own name and concluded that he, Oliver King, should support the Tudor monarchy and rebuild the ruined abbey at Bath.
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Barrow, Julia. "English Episcopal Acta, 45: Bath and Wells, 1206–1247, ed. B.R. Kemp." English Historical Review 133, no. 565 (September 24, 2018): 1584–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cey289.
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Harden, Rosemary. "Margot Fonteyn and Fashion Designers in the 1940s." Costume 44, no. 1 (June 1, 2010): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174963010x12662396505969.
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This paper examines the role that ballerina Dame Margot Fonteyn played as an advocate for British fashion in the 1940s, with particular reference to the Sadler's Wells tour of the USA after the Second World War. The article draws on surviving ensembles from Dame Margot's wardrobe in the collection at the Fashion Museum (formerly the Museum of Costume) in Bath as well as material in the Theatre Museum Archive in London.
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Ford, Brian, and Mark Hewitt. "Cooling without air conditioning – lessons from India." Architectural Research Quarterly 1, no. 4 (1996): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135500003080.
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This paper describes the results of measurements taken in a number of step wells, well houses, and bath houses in northern India, between March and April 1995. There is a discussion of the combination of thermally massive structures and evaporative cooling effects which characterise the buildings (some of which are over 500 years old). All of the structures examined continue to provide comfortably cool interiors in the heat of summer.
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Putra, Clairine Maretha Martin. "The Physical And Microbiological Quality Of Clean Water In Nanas Sub Village Kediri District Post Natural Phenomena Sinking Wells." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN 10, no. 4 (December 4, 2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v10i4.2018.36-367.
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Indonesia prones to natural disasters because it is located at the meeting of three world’s major tectonic plates that move and collide each other. The natural phenomena of sinking well that occurs in 2017 damaging 79 wells in the Nanas sub village, Puncu sub-district, Kediri district. The sinking well is natural phenomena which causes wells to down or to sink underground. The highest percentage of sinking well is in Nanas sub-village, There are 40 (50.6%) of wells are damaged. The research purpose was to know the physical quality and microbiology of well water in Nanas sub-village. This research type was observational. Samples were taken by purposive sampling. The water samples were obtained from 10 wells which were not damaged, 10 wells which were once muddy, and 10 wells which were sunk in 2017. The water check results were compared to regulation of the Minister of Health no. 32 in 2017 about Environmental Health Quality Standards and Water Requirements for Hygiene Sanitation, Swimming Pool, SPA and Public Bath. This research result was 30 (100%) water source fulfilled the physical quality requirement, and 28 (93,3%) qualified microbiology quality, while the remaining 2 (6,7%) did not fulfill the microbiological quality requirements for the need of hygiene and sanitation. The physical and microbiological quality of well water, after the natural phenomena of sinking wells, is qualified. The society is expected to maintain clean water sources.
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Cowdrey, Susan. "Lost & Found: 222. Thomas Willcox (fl. 1890s)." Geological Curator 5, no. 8 (April 1994): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.55468/gc688.
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Mrs Susan Cowdry (Lion House, Etchilhampton, Devizes, Wiltshire) writes: 'As part of the my interest in old mineral specimens from the Mendips, Somerset, I am trying to trace the whereabouts of the collection of Thomas Willcox; he was manager in the 1890s of Higher Pitts Mine and St. Cuthbert's Lead Works, both near Wells. Neither Bristol, Taunton, Bath, Cardiff nor Oxford museums have any knowledge of Willcox. I would be most grateful for any help.'...
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Riznychuk, А. І., О. S. Beizyk, І. І. Vytvytskyi, L. V. Pavlyshyn, R. B. Stetsiuk, and Yu D. Voloshyn. "Technical and technological support for preventing the destruction of well walls." Oil and Gas Power Engineering, no. 1(35) (June 29, 2021): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9868-2021-1(35)-25-38.
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At present stage of the development of the domestic gas production industry, the problem of increasing the volume of hydrocarbon production is extremely urgent for our state. In the dynamics, there is a significant increase in the volume of directional wells drilling. However, the drilling of such wells is associated with a number of problems. The main problems that may arise in this case are associated with insufficient stability of their bore, which in most cases leads to sticking of the drill string and a significant increase in material costs and production time for their elimination. Therefore, ensuring the integrity of the borehole walls during their drilling is a priority and extremely important problem in the system of measures aimed at improving the quality and improving the technical and economic indicators of their construction. The work is devoted to the improvement of the technology for preventing the destruction of the walls of directional wells, through the influence of technical, technological, mining, and geological factors on the change in the stress-strain state of the mass of the near-wellbore zone of the well. The production material on the sticking of the drill string was analyzed during the construction of wells in the Dnieper-Donets depression fields. It was found that the reasons for the loss of mobility of the drilling tool are mainly the violation of the integrity of the borehole walls as a result of caving and collapse of rocks, as well as the formation of keyseats on the borehole walls. Such complications arose, despite the observance of the operating and technological parameters, when deepening the well and recommendations for reducing keyseats on the walls of the well and preventing caving and collapse of rocks. The existing scientific and practical methods and approaches to prevent the loss of stability of the wellbore walls do not allow eliminating the indicated cause of complications, since the correct selection of the BHA, as well as the development of measures to reduce the intensity of capping and grooving, plays an important role. The paper proposes measures to prevent cavities and keyseats when drilling directional wells. The factors influencing the stability of the borehole walls in conditions prone to collapse and rock caving have been analyzed. The expediency of using baths for strengthening the walls of wells in clayey rocks has been established and substantiated. The formulation of a modified fuel-bitumen bath, the duration of which is 1.5÷5 times longer than that of a fuel-bitumen bath is proposed. A method is proposed for predicting intervals prone to complications associated with the loss of stability of the wellbore walls. According to industrial data, a technology has been proposed for installing a fuel-bitumen bath to prevent keyseats formation during well drilling. To eliminate the keyseats in the well, a bottom-hole assembly is proposed, which consists of stepped heavyweight drill pipes with simultaneous installation of tapered adapters at the transition points from a larger diameter of a drill string element to a smaller one and an eccentric carbide bit
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Shalyapina, A. D., D. V. Shalyapin, D. L. Bakirov, M. M. Fattahov, E. V. Babushkin, and V. G. Kuznetsov. "Developing stabilizing clay-mudstone bath by planning an experiment using the Box — Behnken method." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 2 (June 11, 2021): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2021-2-66-77.
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The actual scientific and production task is the prevention of loss wellbore stability for West Siberia companies. The process of well drilling in clay intervals is consisting of many additional actions for stabilization wellbore. There is analysis of wells with problems due to caving and falling in this article. It was allowed to determine that almost 50 % of drilling time is non-production time, which connects with clay warping. The design of new inhibitory bath compound is necessary to avoid loss wellbore stability. It was applied Box-Behnken method for planning of experiment and for a mathematical analysis of synergistic effects components and thermo-baric conditions among each other. The result of this work is the development of the optimal composition of the bath to stabilize clay rocks for more than 13 hours, which is enough for drilling complicated intervals.
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Taylor, Kristina. "The Oldest Surviving Pleasure Garden in Britain: Cold Bath, near Tunbridge Wells in Kent." Garden History 28, no. 2 (2000): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1587274.
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Popovic, Marko. "The bathing chamber in the castle of Novo Brdo." Starinar, no. 68 (2018): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sta1868175p.
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A recent archaeological excavation of the Castle of the town of Novo Brdo has discovered residential buildings from the second quarter of the 14th century as well as the remains of a subsequently built bath, dated to the end of the 14th or beginning of the 15th century. Built on a small area, the bath consisted of a single bathing chamber above a hypocaust, a water reservoir and a furnace. Since there were no natural springs or groundwater wells, it was supplied with water from cisterns. The bathing chamber, originally domed, was not furnished with a masonry water basin. It was heated by an under floor hypocaust system and by steam conveyed by pipes from are servoir of boiling water. The only known analogies for this small structure, presently the only such discovered in medieval Serbia and its neighborhood, are bathing chambers in residential complexes in the region of Amalfi, southern Italy.
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Mardashova, Marine, and Tamar Miqava. "General Description of Hydrogen Sulfide Mineral Waters on the Left Bank of the Alazani River." Works of Georgian Technical University, no. 2(520) (June 25, 2021): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36073/1512-0996-2021-2-127-141.
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The study object is located in the main hydrographic unit of Shida Kakheti - on the left bank of Alazani river, along the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus and includes a strip starting from the village of Shakriani (Telavi district), ending with the regional center Lagodekhi (Lagodekhi gorge, left tributary of the Alazani river). Within this zone, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) mineral springs are prevalent. Besides, these waters are opened by exploratory - hydrogeological wells. Among these springs, "Torghva Bath" and "Lagodekhi Bath" are especially popular among the local population. The first of these is located in the upper reaches of the Story Valley, and the second - in Lagodekhi gorge, 7 km away from the settlement. The mineral springs "Muni Tsakaro" and "Mkrali Waters" are also important for their healing properties. Based on the analysis of theoretical and field materials, Kakheti hydrogen sulfide waters are characterized in detail and possibly their use for resort purposes.
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HUSCROFT, RICHARD. "THE CORRESPONDENCE OF ROBERT BURNELL, BISHOP OF BATH AND WELLS AND CHANCELLOR OF EDWARD I." Archives: The Journal of the British Records Association 25, no. 102 (April 1, 2000): 16–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/archives.2000.2.
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Friend, C. R. L., and A. P. Nutman. "Evolution and emplacement of Archaean terranes in the Kapisigdlit area, southern West Greenland." Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 140 (December 31, 1988): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v140.8036.
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In the Godthåbsfjord region, early Archaean Arnitsoq gneisses are found in association with the middle Archaean Nûk gneisses (McGregor, 1973). Early models of crustal evolution in the Godthåbsfjord region suggested that the Amitsoq gneisses were reworked in a major crustal accretion-differentiation event, which was marked by the injection of the voluminous Nûk gneisses (e.g. Bridgwater et al., 1974; McGregor, 1979; Moor- - bath et al., 1986). This event ,has been interpreted as having culminated in a granulite-amphibolite facies metamorphic event at c. 2800 Ma, which outlasted all significant ductile deformation (e.g. Wells, 1979; Coe, 1980).
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Akhundov, J. S. "Efficiency of releasing stuck drilling string." Azerbaijan Oil Industry, no. 4 (April 15, 2021): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37474/0365-8554/2021-4-14-16.
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While drilling oil and gas wells, 10–15 % of open part of wellbore consists of permeable fractured reservoirs and horizons. Despite of it, 70–80 % of failures occurring in wellbore fall on the permeable suites. After sticking electrical measurement only upper interval is specified. Then an oil patch is practically installed in abnormally complicated reservoirs in the upper permeable stuck and bottomhole intervals to prevent the complications and blowout. The drilling string often remains stuck beneath the upper suite in three-four suites to the bottomhole. It is necessary to install stepped oil bath to prevent it.
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Semeraro, Massimiliano, Antonio Suma, and Giuseppe Negro. "Fluctuation Theorems for Heat Exchanges between Passive and Active Baths." Entropy 26, no. 6 (May 23, 2024): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e26060439.
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In addition to providing general constraints on probability distributions, fluctuation theorems allow us to infer essential information on the role played by temperature in heat exchange phenomena. In this numerical study, we measure the temperature of an out-of-equilibrium active bath using a fluctuation theorem that relates the fluctuations in the heat exchanged between two baths to their temperatures. Our setup consists of a single particle moving between two wells of a quartic potential accommodating two different baths. The heat exchanged between the two baths is monitored according to two definitions: as the kinetic energy carried by the particle whenever it jumps from one well to the other and as the work performed by the particle on one of the two baths when immersed in it. First, we consider two equilibrium baths at two different temperatures and verify that a fluctuation theorem featuring the baths temperatures holds for both heat definitions. Then, we introduce an additional Gaussian coloured noise in one of the baths, so as to make it effectively an active (out-of-equilibrium) bath. We find that a fluctuation theorem is still satisfied with both heat definitions. Interestingly, in this case the temperature obtained through the fluctuation theorem for the active bath corresponds to the kinetic temperature when considering the first heat definition, while it is larger with the second one. We interpret these results by looking at the particle jump phenomenology.
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Chailakhyan, Ruben, Alla Grosheva, Nataliya Vorobieva, Vladimir Yusupov, and Alexander Sviridov. "Combined Light and Thermal Stimulation of Bone Marrow Stem Cells." Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences 15 (April 17, 2024): e8. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jlms.2024.08.
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Introduction: The purpose of this study is to achieve a significant increase in the proliferative activity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of the bone marrow (BM) at early passages after laser exposure to a suspension of these cells and to estimate the effect of light and heat components of laser radiation on the proliferation of BM MSCs. Methods: The studies were performed on rats BM MSCs. MSC suspension was placed into the wells and heated by using laser radiation (980 nm wavelength) or a water bath at 70 °C providing similar temperature dynamics. The studies were carried out in 3 comparison groups: (1) control suspension of MSCs, which was not subjected to heating in a water bath or laser exposure; (2) MSC suspension, which was heated for in a water bath; and (3) suspension of MSCs, which was subjected to laser exposure. The exposure times for the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups were 10- 50 seconds. Results: Under optimal parameters of laser action on the suspension of BM MSCs, a six-fold increase in the number of BM MSCs colonies was registered compared to the control. The role of the light and heat components of laser exposure to MSCs was determined by comparable heating of a suspension of BM MSCs in a water bath, at which only a twofold increase in the number of colonies was maximally obtained. Conclusion: The increase in the MSC proliferation activity occurs due to their Thermo-Photobiomodulation. The result obtained is important for practical use in cell transplantation in the treatment of traumatic injuries of bone, cartilage, and tendon tissues when a rapid and multiple increase in the initial number of autologous BM MSCs is required.
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Chudyk, I. I., Ya M. Femiak, M. I. Orynchak, A. K. Sudakov, and A. I. Riznychuk. "New methods for preventing crumbling and collapse of the borehole walls." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 4 (2021): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2021-4/017.
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Purpose. To increase the stability of the wellbore during its construction in unstable rocks. Methodology. To solve the set tasks, an integrated approach is used in the work, which includes critical analysis and generalization of scientific and technical achievements in combination with theoretical and experimental research. Findings. Factors influencing the stability of the borehole walls in conditions prone to rock slides and rock falls are analyzed. Expediency of using baths for strengthening the walls of wells in deposits of clay rocks, including clay shales, has been established and substantiated. A formulation of a fuel-bituminous bath has been proposed, the installation of which in a well for 78 hours makes it possible to increase the initial compressive strength of rocks, which will ensure the integrity of the borehole walls. It is recommended to use corrugated casing pipes to cover the sections of the wellbore where there is intensive crumbling and collapse of rocks. Originality. For the first time, the main factors of wall destruction have been established and a method has been developed to prevent the destruction of walls of directional wells composed of rocks prone to loss of stability under the action of drill string loads. Practical value. To combat the collapse of the walls of the well composed of rocks, prone to loss of stability, the authors suggested setting up fuel-bituminous baths in the range of complications. In case when the collapse of the walls of the well can not be prevented with a fuel-bitumen bath, it is proposed to overlap the area of collapse with the casing using advanced corrugated casing pipes with the injection of adhesive into the rock mass in the near-wellbore zone. The use of an adhesive material increases the contact area of the metal shell with the rock, which collapses increasing the stability of the borehole walls.
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S., TIMOSHENKO, SMIRNOV O., KOLLAROV Oleksandr, and NIEMTSEV Eduard. "Increasing of energy efficiency of electric arc furnaces in the contest of decarburization of steel production in Ukraine." Journal of Electrical and power engineering 30, no. 1 (June 27, 2024): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/2074-2630-2024-1-30-39.
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The EU green deal policy envisages the gradual decarbonization of metallurgy through the priority development of hydrogen technologies for iron recovery and electrical steelmaking. Increasing the energy efficiency of electric arc furnaces (EAF), as a powerful (up to 100-150 MW) consumer of electricity, against the background of an average thermal efficiency of 75%, is an urgent task. The method of numerical modeling provides an assessment of energy-efficient EAF solutions based on the improvement of the workspace geometric parameters. The solutions consist in reducing the form factor of the steel melting bath from the traditional 5.0-5.5 to 2.5-1.8 at a given capacity of the arc furnace and increasing the relative electrodes pitch diameter from the traditional 0.2 of inside frame diameter by approximately two times. The greatest effect of the "deep" bath is achieved in the "flat bath" process due to the features of charging and in DC EAF due to one electrode scheme and consists in reducing radiation heat losses by 49 and 20%, respectively. In the conditions of forced mixing, a "deep" bath makes it possible to reduce the time of steel heating to tapping temperature by 12-16% with corresponding energy savings. In the "deep" bath of DC EAF, the mixing power increases by 1.3-8.4 times compared to the basic bath, which will reduce the heat time by 9- 10% and save up to 70-80 kWh/ton. Optimizing the electrodes pitch diameter increases the relative time of the most energy-efficient stage of melting the charge in the wells. Because of the change in the melting regime, electricity savings of 2.5-7.5% within the energy period are expected, more pronounced in large-tonnage (120-250 ton) AC EAF. The assessment of the energy efficiency of modernizing the geometry of the workspace of the EAF as a whole, taking into account the specifics of the influence of bath parameters (technology period) and electrode decay (energy period) is expected to be at least 10-12% for 100-120 ton AC EAF. The concept of modernization of foundry class EAF with a capacity of 6-12 tons is substantiated, which consists in increasing the specific electrical power by approximately two times due to a corresponding reduction in capacity while maintaining productivity. A special solutions for given EAF are mainly aimed at reducing energy losses due to the accumulation of heat by the refractory lining due to its local replacement with water-cooled elements with increased thermal resistance. With the available power transformer, the specific power of the furnace increases to 1 MW/ton, which, thanks to the intensification of heat exchange processes in the "deep" bath, ensures quantitative and qualitative production indicators with lower heat losses compared to basic units, and reduces electricity consumption within 75 kWh/ton.
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Tinti, F. "Charters of St Albans (Anglo-Saxon Charters XII) * Charters of Bath and Wells (Anglo-Saxon Charters XIII)." English Historical Review CXXIV, no. 511 (October 30, 2009): 1456–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cep290.
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Kleineke, Hannes. "Brian Kemp (Hrsg.), Bath and Wells 1206–1247. (English Episcopal Acta, 45.) Oxford, Oxford University Press 2017." Historische Zeitschrift 306, no. 2 (April 6, 2018): 537–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hzhz-2018-1134.
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Ramamoorthy, G., and J. Albaris. "24 Tirtha’s of Ramanatha Swamy Temple, Rameswaram." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 7, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v7i2.816.
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We know Ramayana and Ramesawaram, the memorable temple located at the tip of Indian Point in Tamil Nadu. It is the most important visit in the Hindu Religion and through the year tourist multitude the place to take a bath in the famous “Tirthams” of Rameswaram. Ramanathaswamy Temple is a Hindu temple enthusiastic to the god Shiva located on Rameswaram island in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Rameswaram Temple Tirthas are the holy wells situated inside the Rameswaram Temple in Tamilnadu, India. There are sixty-four Tīrthas (holy water bodies) in and around the island of Rameswaram. According to Skanda Purana, 24 Tirthas in Rameswaram are important and taking snan (bathing) in them are considered equivalent to penance. Twenty-TwoThirth as are inside Ramanatha Swami Temple.
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Timoshenko, S. M., M. V. Gubinski, and E. M. Niemtsev. "Energy-efficient solutions of foundry class steelmaking electric arc furnace." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 3 (2021): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2021-3/081.
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Purpose. Substantiation of solutions aimed at reducing heat losses, mainly, by refractory lining during forced downtime and by steelmaking bath in conditions of traditionally low specific power of transformer. Methodology. Mathematical modeling of heat and mass transfer processes and numerical experiment. Findings. A mathematical model of energy-technological processes in arc furnace workspace has been developed to analyze and minimize energy consumption in daily production cycle. Geometrical and operating parameters are taken into account, in particular: variation in arcs energy efficiency at evolution of wells in charge under electrodes during melting process; circulation of melt due to bubbling with inert gas through bottom porous plug; energy loss on heat accumulation by refractory, with cooling water and off-gas. Originality. For the first time, the concept of increasing energy efficiency of arc furnace has been substantiated, based on the following set of solutions: increase in specific electrical power by reducing of charge at given productivity; reduction of bath shape factor (ratio of diameter to depth) from traditional 5 up to 2.5 by deepening and, accordingly, its radiating surface; optimization of walls and roof cooled surface relative area, where massive heat-absorbing refractory lining is not used; application of energy-saving water-cooled elements with spatial structure that promotes formation of heat-insulating and heat-accumulating slag filling. Practical value. Implementation of the set of energy-efficient solutions in conditions of typical 6 and 12-t foundry class arc furnaces provides reduction in power consumption and refractory expenditure by 1315 and 2830% respectively without significant changes in production infrastructure due to reducing energy loss, mainly, for accumulation of heat by refractory lining, and intensification of heat and mass transfer processes in forcibly stirred deep bath.
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Mikhailova, Tatyana. "February 1st in Ireland (Imbolc and/or LáFhéile Bride): From Christian Saint to Pagan Goddess." Yearbook of Balkan and Baltic Studies 3 (December 2020): 85–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/ybbs3.05.
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Like in many countries of Europe, the 1st of February (Imbolk, the Brigid’day) in Ireland marks the beginning of Spring and is connected with some fertility rites. In old rural Ireland the people spent time watching hedgehogs (to see one was a good weather sign), preparing and eating special food, making straw girdles and caps, putting red ribbons on their houses (Brat Bride ‘Brigit’s cloak’), making special Brigit’s crosses and straw dolls, called Brideog, to visit a sacred spring which had a magic healing and anti-sterile power (wells and springs, worshiped in pagan Ireland, were prohibited by St. Patrick), and finally singing protective charms. In modern urban Ireland all these rites remind in the past, but the Brigid’day is not forgotten or abandoned. In this article, the author tries to outline three main ‘tracks’ of the old tradition: 1. Pseudo-folkloric (fake-lore): singing, dancing, making crosses, storytelling etc. 2. Pseudo (Vernacular)-Catholic: early mass and pilgrimages to the places connected with St. Brigit, especially – sacred wells. 3. “Neo-paganic”: special dresses, red ribbons, ritual dancing, fires, divinations of the future, bath in the sacred water etc. (in the most part – performed by women). Collecting material for the classification, the author outlined a special new direction of ‘shared spirituality’ representing presumably a new mode of collective behavior in modern urban societies.
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Dittrich, Thomas, and Santiago Peña Martínez. "Toppling Pencils—Macroscopic Randomness from Microscopic Fluctuations." Entropy 22, no. 9 (September 18, 2020): 1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22091046.
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We construct a microscopic model to study discrete randomness in bistable systems coupled to an environment comprising many degrees of freedom. A quartic double well is bilinearly coupled to a finite number N of harmonic oscillators. Solving the time-reversal invariant Hamiltonian equations of motion numerically, we show that for N=1, the system exhibits a transition with increasing coupling strength from integrable to chaotic motion, following the Kolmogorov-Arnol’d-Moser (KAM) scenario. Raising N to values of the order of 10 and higher, the dynamics crosses over to a quasi-relaxation, approaching either one of the stable equilibria at the two minima of the potential. We corroborate the irreversibility of this relaxation on other characteristic timescales of the system by recording the time dependences of autocorrelation, partial entropy, and the frequency of jumps between the wells as functions of N and other parameters. Preparing the central system in the unstable equilibrium at the top of the barrier and the bath in a random initial state drawn from a Gaussian distribution, symmetric under spatial reflection, we demonstrate that the decision whether to relax into the left or the right well is determined reproducibly by residual asymmetries in the initial positions and momenta of the bath oscillators. This result reconciles the randomness and spontaneous symmetry breaking of the asymptotic state with the conservation of entropy under canonical transformations and the manifest symmetry of potential and initial condition of the bistable system.
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Collett, Barry. "Organizing Time for Secular and Religious Purposes: The Contemplacion of Sinners (1499) and the Translation of the Benedictine Rule for Women (1517) of Richard Fox, Bishop of Winchester." Studies in Church History 37 (2002): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400014716.
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The career of Bishop Richard Fox was marked by his dedication to hard work and his obsession with the organized management of time. Fox was born about 1448 into a Lincolnshire yeoman family, was educated at local grammar schools and Oxford, was subsequently ordained, and later became a doctoral student at the University of Paris. In 1484 he joined the entourage of the exiled Henry Tudor, who recognized his ability and gave him considerable responsibility in negotiating with the French government and planning the 1485 invasion of England. After Bosworth, Fox became Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal and a member of the royal council with particular responsibility for foreign affairs. He was appointed bishop successively of Exeter, Bath and Wells, Durham, and Winchester. In 1516, he founded Corpus Christi College, Oxford, retired from politics, and returned to Winchester, where he died in 1528.
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Lyon-Whaley, Susannah. "Queens at the Spa: Catherine of Braganza, Mary of Modena and the Politics of Display at Bath and Tunbridge Wells." Court Historian 27, no. 1 (January 2, 2022): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14629712.2022.2047295.
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Vakulenko, Lyudmila, Aleksey Popov, Sergey Rodyakin, Evgeniy Khabarov, and Peter Yan. "PETROGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESERVOIR ROCKS IN THE BAT-UPPER JURASSIC DEPOSITS OF THE SOUTH OF WESTERN-SIBERIAN PETROLEUM BASIN." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 2, no. 1 (2019): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2019-2-1-25-31.
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The features of the petrographic composition of the bath-upper Jurassic silt-sand rocks exposed by wells in the South of the West Siberian oil and gas basin are considered. The study is focused on the parameters that had a significant influence on the reservoir properties of rocks: granulometric and mineral-petrographic composition of the clastic part of rocks, cement content, structure and composition. Some conclusions are drawn on the spatial distribution of rocks of different composition within the subisochronous sedimentary complexes. It is assumed that significant variations in their composition are caused by a complex combination of varying degrees of interdependent factors: influence of local and regional sources of clastic material, peculiarities of redistribution of material during its transportation and sedimentation, and post-sedimentation changes. Most variable values of reservoir properties, with a recorded maximum parameters of porosity and permeability are obtained for the rocks of Medium-Upper Oxford complex on Verkhnetarskaya, Dedovskaya, Basinskaya, Veselovskaya, to a lesser extent, Kasmanskaya, Vostochnaya and Tai-Dasskaya drilling sites.
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Guneri, Emine, and Nilgun Kalaycıoglu Ozpozan. "The Structural and Optical Properties of Perovskite Thin Films." European Journal of Formal Sciences and Engineering 6, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ejfe-2023-0002.
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Abstract Perovskite materials have many interesting properties such as modulation of the optical band gap and the properties of quantum wells. In addition, they have a stable structure. For these reasons, perovskites have attractive properties for optoelectronic devices. Additionally, the structural and optical properties can be changed by means of different halide atoms doped into materials. In this study, the effect of iodine on the structural, and optical properties of perovskite thin films was investigated. KCaCl2 I and KCaCl3 perovskite were prepared by chemical bath deposition on a glass substrate. The crystal structures of the films were determined by X-ray diffraction. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the films had a crystalline structure. In addition, KCaCl2 I perovskite thin film has better crystalline than KCaCl3 perovskite thin films. Linear optical parameters were determined using transmittance and absorbance measurements. And then, the optical band gap values, extinction coefficient, refractive index, and dielectric constants were determined as linear optical properties. It was understood that these properties were affected by iodine.
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Bocharov, Sergei G. "On the Way to the Crimea and from the Crimea. Or-Kapu (Perekop): introduction to the historical topography of the Crimean Khanate town." Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology) 4, no. 42 (December 23, 2022): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/pa2022.4.42.185.193.
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The article reveals the main points of the historical topography of the Crimean Khanate town – Or-Kapu, and most importantly, proposed a graphic reconstruction of its general plan for the third quarter of the 18th century, the final stage of the existence of this state. The reconstruction of the historical topography of the late medieval town is based on three main categories of sources – written, cartographic and archaeological. All basic elements of the historical topography of the late medieval town and building inside the stone fortress are recreated by the author. The plan of town’s quarters and streets was reconstructed. Three town mosques, a bath-house, eight wells that supplied people with water, one hotel – a caravanserai, rows of stalls, and a cemetery were localized. It has been possible to determine that it was the smallest settlement in the state. By the final stage of the existence of the Crimean Khanate, the urban area of Or-Kapu was about 19.3 hectares, the town cemetery was about 5.0 hectares.
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DE MÉZERAC-ZANETTI, AUDE. "Reforming the Liturgy under Henry VIII: The Instructions of John Clerk, Bishop of Bath and Wells (PRO, SP6/3, fos 42r–44v)." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 64, no. 1 (January 2013): 96–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046912000796.
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Sriparvathy, Unni, and T. N. Salahsha. "Adalaj Stepwell: A Magical Resonance of Architectural Ingenuity." ATHENS JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE 7, no. 2 (March 2, 2021): 275–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/aja.7-2-3.
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The term Stepwell defined as "Well with Stairs" is a window to the ethnicity of forgotten civilizations. Stepwells are structures up to 3 to 5 storeys down from ground level, many of which are artistically designed with exquisite workmanship. These stepwells collect water during seasonal monsoons and in the deeper part of the ground with shadows around, such water bodies undergo slow evaporation process. In India, stepwells have been around since the age of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, about 4,500 years ago. During this period, bath wells with steps were created, with rooms surrounding the well-pit for resting. Such stepwells were once integral to the semi-arid regions of India, as they provided water for basic amenities for subsistence. These wells were also venues for colourful festivals and sacred rituals, paving the way for a rich cultural legacy. One such unique stepwell is located in Adalaj village in Gujarat, India, initiated by Raja Veer Singh in 1499 and completed by King Mohammed Begada for Rani Rudabai, wife of the Raja. The cultural and architectural representations in the stepwell at various levels are a tribute to the history, built initially by Hindus and subsequently ornamented and blended with Islamic architecture during the Muslim rule. But present-day perception, nurtured by technological advancements, has shifted. The paper focuses on the effects of the changing urbanscape on the architectural and visual connectivity with the cultural heritage of Adalaj so that adequate conservation measures can be proposed to preserve this icon of Indian architecture. Understanding the cultural relevance of such structures is crucial for their continued appreciation and protection.
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McCormack, Rose Alexandra. "‘An assembly of disorders’: Exploring Illness as a Motive for Female Spa-Visiting at Bath and Tunbridge Wells throughout the Long Eighteenth Century." Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies 40, no. 4 (November 7, 2017): 555–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1754-0208.12507.
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TRAPATEAU, NICOLAS. "Lexical diffusion in the making: the lengthening of Middle English /a/ during the eighteenth century and across the diasystem of English." English Language and Linguistics 24, no. 3 (May 11, 2020): 527–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674320000155.
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A long /aː/ in pre-fricative and pre-nasal contexts in words such as fast, answer or after is one of the most distinctive phonological features of British RP and, to a certain extent, of Southern Hemisphere varieties of English (Trudgill 2010). The lengthening of /a/ has been particularly gaining ground from the eighteenth century onwards (Beal 1999; Jones 2006). The pronouncing dictionaries published between the eighteenth century and the present day allow us to trace its lexical diffusion (Labov 1994) across the whole lexicon. Drawing on the statistics of the ARCHER corpus, the lexical sets of the ECEP database, the full electronic edition of Walker's dictionary (1791), Wells’ Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (2008) and the Macquarie Dictionary (2015), this article examines the role played by the phonetic environment, word frequency, phonetic analogy and isolated lead words like draught or master in the spread of the lengthening of /a/. The results show that word frequency per se has no clear effect on /a/ lengthening in either pre-fricative or pre-nasal environments in eighteenth-century sources. The article also offers a possible relative chronology of the spread of that phenomenon to each phonetic environment within the bath set.
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Vasilyev, Dmitry V., Thomas L. Merrill, and Mark R. Bowlby. "Development of a Novel Automated Ion Channel Recording Method Using “Inside-Out” Whole-Cell Membranes." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 10, no. 8 (October 18, 2005): 806–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057105279481.
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Efforts to develop novelmethods for recording from ion channels have been receiving increased attention in recent years. In this study, the authors report a unique “inside-out” whole-cell configuration of patch-clamp recording that has been developed. This method entails adding cells into a standard patch pipette and, with positive pressure, obtaining a gigaseal recording from a cell at the inside tip of the electrode. In this configuration, the cellmay be moved through the air, first rupturing part of the cellularmembrane and enabling bath access to the intracellular side of the membrane, and then into a series of wells containing differing solutions, enabling robotic control of all the steps in an experiment. The robotic system developed here fully automates the electrophysiological experiments, including gigaseal formation, obtaining whole-cell configuration, data acquisition, and drug application. Proof-of-principle experiments consisting of application of intracellularly acting potassium channel blockers to K+ channel cell lines resulted in a very rapid block, aswell as block reversal, of the current. This technique allows compound application directly to the intracellular side of ion channels and enables the dissociation of compound inactivities due to cellular barrier limitations. This technique should allow for parallel implementation of recording pipettes and the future development of larger array-based screening methods.
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Szitó, Judit. "“American vs. English” : US American and British English Speakers’ Attitudes toward Phonological and Lexical Features in Accent Tag Videos." Freeside Europe Online Academic Journal, no. 11 (2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.51313/freeside-2020-2-9.
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The study examined two YouTube Accent Tag videos to reveal how pairs of British and American speakers reacted to each other’s and their own varieties as they pronounced words from a list and answered several questions by offering their lexical choices. Accent Tag videos represent a novel way for lay people to be involved in science by offering their language varieties and opinions, accumulating data in unprecedented numbers in the history of dialectology and also creating a rich source for various types of linguistic inquiry. The results showed a marked difference between the manners in which standard-accented British and American speakers evaluated both their own and their interlocutor’s speech. The two RP-accented British speakers were more prone to criticise the two mainstream accented American (General American) speakers’ speech but did not receive criticisms from their interlocutors. Further, neither of the British speakers disparaged their own speech, while one American speaker did. The study also identified some disfavoured features of American English, mainly phonetic differences in comparison with RP, including the lower unrounded LOT-vowel [ɑ], T-flapping, and the flat BATH-vowel [ᴂ] (Wells 1982). The findings of these case studies support the hypothesis that in the game of “American vs English”, RP-accented British English is generally rated higher than mainstream American (or GA) in both groups of speakers.
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Sokhanvarian, Khatere, Cornell Stanciu, Jorge M. Fernandez, Ahmed Farid Ibrahim, Harish Kumar, and Hisham A. Nasr-El-Din. "Experimental Evaluation of a New Nonaromatic Nonionic Surfactant for Deep Carbonate Stimulation." SPE Drilling & Completion 36, no. 03 (February 1, 2021): 668–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/193596-pa.
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Summary Matrix acidizing improves productivity in oil and gas wells. Hydrochloric acid (HCl), because of its many advantages such as its effectiveness, availability, and low cost, has been a typical first-choice fluid for acidizing operations. However, HCl in high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) wells can be problematic because of its high reactivity, resulting in face dissolution, high corrosion rates, and high corrosion inhibition costs. Several alternatives to HCl have been tested; among them, emulsified acid is a favorable choice because of its inherent low corrosion rate, deeper penetration into the reservoir, fewer asphaltene/sludge problems, and better acid distribution due to its higher viscosity. The success of the new system is dependent upon the stability of the emulsion, especially at high temperatures. The emulsified acid must be stable until it is properly placed, and it must also be compatible with other additives in an acidizing package. This study develops a stable, emulsified acid system at 300°F using aliphatic nonionic surfactants. This paper introduces a new nonaromatic, nonionic surfactant to form an emulsified acid for HP/HT wells. The type and quality of the emulsified acid were assessed through conductivity measurements and drop tests. The thermal stability of the system was monitored as a function of time through the use of pressure tubes and a preheated oil bath at 300°F. A LUMisizer® (LUM GmbH, Berlin, Germany) and Turbiscan® (Formulaction, S. A., L’Union, France) were used to determine the stability and the average droplet size of the emulsion, respectively. The viscosity of the emulsified acid was measured at different temperatures up to 300°F as a function of shear rate (1 to 1,000 s−1). The microscopy study was used to examine the shape and the distribution of acid droplets in diesel. Coreflood studies at low and high flow rates were conducted to determine the performance of the newly developed stable emulsified acid in creating wormholes in carbonate rocks. Inductively coupled plasma and computed tomography (CT) scans were used to determine the dissolved cations and wormhole propagation, respectively. Superior stimulation results with a low pore volume of acid to breakthrough (PVBT) were achieved at 300°F with the newly developed emulsified acid system. The wormhole propagation was narrow and dominant compared to branched wormholes resulting from conventional emulsified acid systems. Results indicate that a nonionic surfactant with optimal chemistry, such as a suitable hydrophobe chain length and structure, can form a stable emulsified acid. In this study we introduce a new and effective aliphatic nonionic surfactant to create a stable emulsified acid system for matrix acidizing at HP/HT conditions, leading to a deeper penetration of acid with low pore volume to breakthrough. The successful core flood studies in the laboratory using carbonate cores suggest that the new emulsified acid system may efficiently stimulate HP/HT carbonate reservoirs.
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Maloney, Erin, Casey Clark, Hemamylammal Sivakumar, KyungMin Yoo, Julio Aleman, Shiny A. P. Rajan, Steven Forsythe, et al. "Immersion Bioprinting of Tumor Organoids in Multi-Well Plates for Increasing Chemotherapy Screening Throughput." Micromachines 11, no. 2 (February 18, 2020): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11020208.
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The current drug development pipeline takes approximately fifteen years and $2.6 billion to get a new drug to market. Typically, drugs are tested on two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures and animal models to estimate their efficacy before reaching human trials. However, these models are often not representative of the human body. The 2D culture changes the morphology and physiology of cells, and animal models often have a vastly different anatomy and physiology than humans. The use of bioengineered human cell-based organoids may increase the probability of success during human trials by providing human-specific preclinical data. They could also be deployed for personalized medicine diagnostics to optimize therapies in diseases such as cancer. However, one limitation in employing organoids in drug screening has been the difficulty in creating large numbers of homogeneous organoids in form factors compatible with high-throughput screening (e.g., 96- and 384-well plates). Bioprinting can be used to scale up deposition of such organoids and tissue constructs. Unfortunately, it has been challenging to 3D print hydrogel bioinks into small-sized wells due to well–bioink interactions that can result in bioinks spreading out and wetting the well surface instead of maintaining a spherical form. Here, we demonstrate an immersion printing technique to bioprint tissue organoids in 96-well plates to increase the throughput of 3D drug screening. A hydrogel bioink comprised of hyaluronic acid and collagen is bioprinted into a viscous gelatin bath, which blocks the bioink from interacting with the well walls and provides support to maintain a spherical form. This method was validated using several cancerous cell lines, and then applied to patient-derived glioblastoma (GBM) and sarcoma biospecimens for drug screening.
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Reedy, William T. "Frances M. R. Ramsey, editor. English Episcopal Acta X: Bath and Wells, 1061-1205. (English Episcopal Acta.) New York: Oxford University Press. 1995. Pp. xcix, 252. $75.00. ISBN 0-19-726131-0." Albion 28, no. 3 (1996): 463–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4052178.
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MILLET, H. "John Le Neve. Fasti ecclesiae anglicanae, 1066–1300, VII: Bath and Wells. Compiled by Diana E. Greenway. Pp. xxix+141. London: University of London, Institute of Historical Research, 2001. £24. 1 871348 58 7." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 55, no. 1 (January 2004): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046903527191.
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Barfield, J. P., R. Sanchez, E. L. Squires, and G. E. Seidel. "60 VITRIFICATION AND CONVENTIONAL CRYOPRESERVATION OF EQUINE EMBRYOS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 1 (2009): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv21n1ab60.
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Vitrification and conventional cryopreservation are effective methods of preserving equine embryos smaller than 300 μm in diameter. This study was designed to compare pregnancy rates using these methods to cryopreserve embryos of similar size. Sport horse mares approximately 2–20 years old were flushed nonsurgically between Days 6.5 and 7 post-ovulation with 2 L of lactated-Ringers solution (Braun, Melsungen, Germany). Thirty-one embryos were collected, washed 4 times with 1 mL of ViGro® holding medium (Bioniche Animal Health, Bogart, GA), graded for quality, measured for diameter, and blocked into 2 groups (<200 μm, 200 to 300 μm). Embryos were either vitrified with a commercial equine vitrification kit (Bioniche Animal Health) according to the manufacturer’s instructions in 0.25-mL straws or subjected to a slow cooling method. For vitrification, embryos were sequentially transferred to 2 wells containing 0.5 mL of 2 Syngro®-based vitrification solutions (VS1 and VS2) and held for 5 min each. Embryos were incubated in a third vitrification solution (VS3) for 45 s during which time they were loaded into straws. Straws were held in liquid nitrogen-cooled air for 1 min before submersion in liquid nitrogen. For slow freezing, embryos were consecutively placed into 0.5 mL of the following Syngro®-based solutions for 5 min each: 1.8 m glycerol, 1.8 m glycerol + 1.8 m ethylene glycol (EG), and 0.9 m glycerol + 0.9 m EG + 0.5 m galactose. Embryos were loaded into 0.25-mL straws, placed in a chamber pre-cooled to –6°C, and held for 10 min. Straws were seeded after 2 min. The temperature was lowered to –32°C at a rate of 0.5°C min–1. Embryos were then plunged into liquid nitrogen within 3 min of reaching –32°C. For warming vitrified embryos, straws were held in air for 10 s followed by submersion into a 35°C water bath for 20 s. Straws were flicked 5 times to mix the diluent solution with the VS3-containing embryos, which were transferred within 7 min of being thawed. For thawing conventionally frozen embryos, straws were held in air for 10 s followed by submersion into a 35°C water bath for 30 s. Contents of the straw were immediately expelled into a Petri dish, and the embryos were transferred immediately to 0.5 mL of 1.2 m glycerol +1.2 m EG + 0.5 m galactose and held for 5 min. This was followed by a 5-min incubation in 0.5 mL of each of the following solutions: 0.6 m glycerol + 0.6 m EG + 0.5 m galactose, 0.25 m glycerol + 0.25 m EG + 0.5 m galactose, and 0.5 m galactose. After exposure to the last solution, embryos were transferred to Syngro®, loaded into a straw, and immediately transferred into 2-year-old virgin recipients 6 days after ovulation as detected by rectal palpation and ultrasonography. Of the 21 embryos <200 μm collected, 11 were vitrified and 10 frozen slowly. Three of these 11 vitrified embryos and 7 of 10 slow-frozen embryos resulted in Day 16 pregnancies (27 and 70%, respectively). None of the embryos >200 μm resulted in pregnancies in either the vitrification (n = 5) or slow-freeze treatments (n = 4).
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Dzyubyk, Andrij, Liudmyla Dzyubyk, and Bohdan Shpak. "Strengthening and reconstructionof drilling core pipe for engineeringand geological exploration." Ukrainian Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science 8, no. 2 (2022): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ujmems2022.02.051.
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Currently, there is a tendency to increase the depth of gaseous and liquid fossils extraction. Therefore, prospecting and developing new deposits is promising. There is also a need to create new freshwater sources and implement relevant geological work based on this need. It is essential to have information about the characteristics of the explored slabs and the geology of the fields in general. Implementation of engineering and geological core drilling exploration is the most acceptable and provides the necessary data. Here, the peculiarities of the technological schemes of the process implementation make it possible to obtain separate sections of structures at a depth of the drilling equipment. It is essential to use traditional equipment, recommended for decades and provides the necessary results [1–3]. In the drilling process, you can achieve different diameters and depths of wells execution, obtain fossil samples etc. Engineering and geological exploration drilling is now taking on increased use in various industries [3]. Therefore, the problem of providing high- quality drilling tools, the stability of their operating characteristics, and the possibility of usage in different conditions is an urgent need today. Modern drilling problems determine the usage of components of the core set with the appropriate physical and mechanical characteristics. Especially it relates to elements close to the drilling tool and the place of fossil; destruction – drill pipe. It is installed immediately after the crown core drill and receives almost the same loads and effects during working [1–3]. Conditions for the implementation of the process of core drilling are characterized primarily by the effect on the elements of the significant axial and twisted core set forces. There is the influence of the corrosive and active environment of the fossil in the washing and lubricating liquids well, etc. High temperatures are also observed at the drilling sites [3], which negatively affect the working tool and speed up its operation. As a result, there is an intensive shock, and abrasive core pipe wear and operation indicators change their constructive size. As a result, it is necessary to replace the operated drill string periodically. Considering modern technical and economic factors, it may be decided to repair a pipe to its original size in many cases. There are tasks for providing the appropriate characteristics of the core pipe surface. It is possible to model such properties of the new surface that functionally the best meet the conditions of the drilling process of a given geological formation. The peculiarities of applying the therapeutic layer on the surface of the core pipe are investigated in work. The experience shows that using electric arc surfacing under the flux layer is expedient. This provides the necessary adhesion of the applied layer and promotes obtaining resistance to the operation surface of the core pipe. At the same time, there is high-quality protection and the possibility of additional alloying through the flux-slaggy welding bath. Using electrode powder type wires creates conditions for flexibility to achieve the established characteristics of functional layers [4–6]. The filling flux, located in the cross-section of the electrode wire, can be easily changed by chemical composition. At the same time, it is possible to make relatively small parties of a wire with the set characteristics. The technological scheme justification about the core pipe surfacing is performed. It provides the previous displacement of the electrode butt size from the zenith of the core pipe to prevent the welding bath from spreading. The structural pipe size , the requirements for residual deformations, and the conditions of shapping the welded layer show the practicality of welding on a helix.
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Miller, Anna J., Killian P. Brennan, Claudia Mignani, Jörg Wieder, Robert O. David, and Nadine Borduas-Dedekind. "Development of the drop Freezing Ice Nuclei Counter (FINC), intercomparison of droplet freezing techniques, and use of soluble lignin as an atmospheric ice nucleation standard." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 14, no. 4 (April 28, 2021): 3131–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3131-2021.
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Abstract. Aerosol–cloud interactions, including the ice nucleation of supercooled liquid water droplets caused by ice-nucleating particles (INPs) and macromolecules (INMs), are a source of uncertainty in predicting future climate. Because INPs and INMs have spatial and temporal heterogeneity in source, number, and composition, predicting their concentration and distribution is a challenge requiring apt analytical instrumentation. Here, we present the development of our drop Freezing Ice Nuclei Counter (FINC) for the estimation of INP and INM concentrations in the immersion freezing mode. FINC's design builds upon previous droplet freezing techniques (DFTs) and uses an ethanol bath to cool sample aliquots while detecting freezing using a camera. Specifically, FINC uses 288 sample wells of 5–60 µL volume, has a limit of detection of −25.4 ± 0.2 ∘C with 5 µL, and has an instrument temperature uncertainty of ± 0.5 ∘C. We further conducted freezing control experiments to quantify the nonhomogeneous behavior of our developed DFT, including the consideration of eight different sources of contamination. As part of the validation of FINC, an intercomparison campaign was conducted using an NX-illite suspension and an ambient aerosol sample from two other drop freezing instruments: ETH's DRoplet Ice Nuclei Counter Zurich (DRINCZ) and the University of Basel's LED-based Ice Nucleation Detection Apparatus (LINDA). We also tabulated an exhaustive list of peer-reviewed DFTs, to which we added our characterized and validated FINC. In addition, we propose herein the use of a water-soluble biopolymer, lignin, as a suitable ice-nucleating standard. An ideal INM standard should be inexpensive, accessible, reproducible, unaffected by sample preparation, and consistent across techniques. First, we compared lignin's freezing temperature across different drop freezing instruments, including on DRINCZ and LINDA, and then determined an empirical fit parameter for future drop freezing validations. Subsequently, we showed that commercial lignin has consistent ice-nucleating activity across product batches and demonstrated that the ice-nucleating ability of aqueous lignin solutions is stable over time. With these findings, we present lignin as a good immersion freezing standard for future DFT intercomparisons in the research field of atmospheric ice nucleation.
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Ragulina, Marina, Oleg Orlov, Roman Dmytruk, and Ulyana Bornyak. "Petrifying Springs of Lviv Roztocze and adjacent territories: the Retrospective and Modern Condition." Proceedings of the State Natural History Museum, no. 39 (November 11, 2023): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36885/nzdpm.2023.39.77-88.
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Eighty-four hard-water petrifying springs of Lviv Roztocze and adjacent territories, which are forming 18 streams, were examined and their current state was assessed. The geographical position, geomorphological features, conditions of water sources and spring beds, character of tufa-forming processes, shapes of tufa formations and vegetation composition were described for each location. It was established, that travertine springs on the studied territory are related to the sources of small rivers associated with water-erosive landscape complexes. The high mineralization of groundwater, the specific structure of the river-erosion network, the location in a moisture warm climate zone, the development of colonies of calciphilic organisms (cyanobacteria, algae, bryophytes) at the watercourses led to the formation of a large travertine deposits here in the past. At the present time, the complex of natural factors is often accompanied by anthropogenic influence due to a long period of modification of the water resources of The Roztocze region. Now most of the petrifying springs are transformed by human activity, which significantly affects the intensity of tufa-forming processes. It was established, that a high level of anthropopression led to the transformation of most tufagenic watercourses and a decrease in the intensity of their activity: complete (when the processes of tufa genesis are stopped) or partial (when the processes slow downed or returned to the initial stage). Our survey of 84 sources showed that the majority of them are markedly anthropized (63.1%), about a quarter (23.8%) are lightly modified and are semi-natural in origin, and only a small part of them have a natural character now (13.1%). Among the four travertine formations known from the end of the 19th century, only two have survived (Chepin streams, Hamulets streams), while two more have been completely destroyed (Berekavitsa streams, the springhead of the Kabanivka river). It should be noted, that the active zone of tufa accumulation has noticeably decreased on 5 streams with natural or semi-natural sources (cascade on Hamulets stream, cascade on Hrybovytskyi stream, the left tributary of Chyshkivskyi stream, cascade on Chepin stream, a travertine body at the site of the bath container in Lysynytskyi stream). Tufa accumulation processes at 21 sources (25.0%) were artificially returned to the initial stage of formation due to the destruction of previously generated deposits there. Natural travertine formations of the region mainly have the form of cascades, rarely - waterfalls or crests and anthropogenic ones are mostly covered by concrete trunk. Regardless of their artificial origin, anthropogenic wells can be valuable habitats for the habitats of calciphilic bryophytes in urbanized areas. Natural and semi-natural travertine springs with saved biodiversity are can be potential objects of the Emerald network of the Roztocze region.
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Krichevskaya, O. A., Z. M. Gandaloeva, S. I. Glukhova, I. Yu Skripkina, A. B. Demina, and T. V. Dubinina. "Assessment of Ankylosing Spondylitis Activity During Pregnancy Using Different Disease Activity Indices." Rheumatology Science and Practice 58, no. 5 (November 9, 2020): 503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47360/1995-4484-2020-503-511.
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Objective: Assessment of ankylosing spondylitis activity patterns during pregnancy using BASDAI (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index) and ASDAS-CRP (Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score — C-Reactive Protein) disease activity indices.Materials and methods. The prospective study included 36 pregnant women with AS (modified New York AS criteria, 1984). Patients’ mean age was 31.6±4.8 years, mean age at AS onset was 21.8±10.9, and disease duration 134.9±89.3 months. The control group included 30 healthy pregnant women with no history of back pain and arthritis, their mean age was 28.2±4.5 years. In the I trimester of pregnancy 10 (33.3%) As patients experienced back pain, while in the III trimester already 15 (50%) had back pain. Throughout pregnancy, the intensity of back pain in the I, II и III trimesters based on numeric scale was on average 1.9±0.9; 2.1±1.1 and 2.1±0.8. BASDAI and ASDAS-CRP were used to measure disease activity on gestational Weeks 10–11, 20–21 and 31–32. The time of conception BASDAI score was assessed retrospectively at the 1st visit.Results and discussion. BASDAI mean values at the time of conception and I, II и III trimesters of pregnancy were: 2.3±1.9; 2.8±1.72 (p<0,05 vs month of conception); 3.2±1.9 and 3.3±2.1 respectively. Mean ASDAS-CRP in the I, II и III trimesters were 1.9±0.7; 2.3±0.9 and 2.2±0,8 respectively. There was a trend to CRP increase in the II and III trimesters vs the I: median CRP values in the I, II and III trimesters were 5.7 [1.6; 6.2], 8.0 [2.1; 9.6] and 7.9 [2.0; 9.2] mg/L, respectively. Percentages of patients with high disease activity based on BASDAI scores in the I, II and III trimesters were 30.6; 34.3 and 34.3%; based on ASDAS-CRP — 36.1; 57.5 and 53%, respectively. Throughout pregnancy, BASDAI scores were lower in the control group than in AS patients (p<0.01). However, no differences were found when comparing BASDAI values of AS patients and healthy women with back pain during pregnancy. The level of fatigue did not differ between pregnant women with AS (median 5[3; 7] and 5[3; 6]) and healthy controls (5[3; 8] and 5[4; 6]) in the I and II trimesters, while in the III trimester, fatigue in healthy pregnant women (6[4; 8]) was more pronounced than in AS patients (5[3; 6], p=0.01). Throughout pregnancy, the intensity of back pain in AS patients and healthy pregnant women with back pain did not differ (p<0.05). Median pain intensity in the I, II and III trimesters was 3[2; 4]; 4[3; 5]; 3[2; 6] and 2,5[1; 4]; 3[2; 7]; 4[2; 6], respectively. A high (rs ≥0,7) correlation of all BASDAI components with the index itself in each trimester of pregnancy, except for joint pain in the month of conception, and in the I and III trimesters was established in the group of pregnant women with AS. The control group had quite high correlation (rs >0.7) of fatigue severity with the BASDAI index in the I and II trimesters of pregnancy and moderate correlation (rs >0.53) in the III trimester; as wells as moderate (rs >0.5-0.69) correlation between back pain and BASDAIConclusion. A trend towards increasing AS activity based on BASDAI and ASDAS-CRP scores and CRP levels was established for the first half of pregnancy. Later in pregnancy these increased values failed to return to normal until the end of gestation. The percentage of AS patients with highto-moderate disease activity throughout pregnancy was lower based on BASDAI score vs based on ASDAS-CRP. Some BASDAI components (fatigue and back pain) reflect not only the activity of AS, but also changes associated with physiological pregnancy. The BASDAI index requires adaptation for use in pregnancy
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Wilson, R. J. A. "J. T. Peña, J. J. Rossiter, A.I. Wilson and C. Wells, M. Carroll, J. Freed and D. Godden, Carthage Papers. The Early Colony's Economy, Water Supply, A Public Bath and the Mobilization of the State Olive Oil (Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplementary Series 28). Portsmouth, R. I.: Journal of Roman Archaeology, 1998. Pp. 238, illus. ISBN 1-887829-28-8. US$ 49.75.H. Hurst, The Sanctuary of Tanit at Carthage in the Roman Period. A Re-Interpretation (Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplementary Series 30). Portsmouth, R.I.: Journal of Roman Archaeology, 1999. Pp. 135, illus. ISBN 1-887829-30-X. US$49.75." Journal of Roman Studies 91 (November 2001): 198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0075435800015951.
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