Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diode thermique'
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Chénais, Sébastien. "Nouveaux matériaux laser dopés à l'ytterbium : performances en pompage par diode et étude des effets thermiques." Paris 11, 2002. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00119661.
Full textThis thesis is a study of new ytterbium-doped crystals, made for the development of efficient (and sometimes broadly tunable) lasers emitting around 1 J. Ull. The first part presents the laser performance, under high power diode pumping, of new crystals: Yb:GGG, Yb:GdCOB, Yb:BOYS (and Yb:CaBOYS), Yb:SYS and Yb:YSO. The efficiency, tunability and thermal behaviour of these materials is discussed, and illustrated (when possible) by a comparison between materials of similar properties. Thennal effects limit the scaling toward higher powers in most of these materials: a comprehensive study of the se effects is performed in the second part of this thesis. We begin this part by setting the theoretical background necessary to understand thermal and thermomechanical effects in solid state lasers. After a description of the classical techniques employed to investigate thermal effects, we describe the experimental setup we used. It is based on a commercially available Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, and enables the measurement of the thermallens (including its aberrations) in end-pumped laser, under lasing and nonlasing conditions. We emphasize on the characteristics and limitations of this technique. Thermal lensing measurements are then reported, for the first time, in ytterbium-doped materials. Significant nonradiative effects have been demonstrated, whereas it is generally admitted that such effects are purely absent. We then explain how, thanks to a simple anâlytical model, it is possible to derive the quantum efficiency and the thermo- optical coefficient from these measurements. We also demonstrated the influence of the lasing wavelength on the thermalload, the reduction of thermal effects by the use of composite crystals, as weIl as the major role played by the photoelastic effect in the thermally-induced lens in Yb:GdCOB
BESTAOUI, ZAKIA. "Modelisation electrique et thermique de la diode et du transistor mos de puissance. Identification des parametres electriques et thermiques." Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT2019.
Full textGarrab, Hatem. "Contribution à la modélisation électro-thermique de la cellule de commutation MOSFET-Diode." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ISAL0009.
Full textThe simulation of power semiconductor devices and power converters is a strategic research area for the future. Indeed, the fabrication of a prototype demands more and more spend time. So, virtual prototyping, i. E. The accurate simulation of power converters, is a strong need. The job corresponds to the analysis of the possibilities in numerical simulation based on the finite Element-method of the switching cell MOSFET-diode. Particularly, the Electro-thermal modelling of the PIN diode has been obtained. More over an original technological-parameter extraction-method has enabled to obtain excellent agreements between simulation and experiment-results, even in the case of switching phases. This objective has been reached because of the accurate modelling of the wiring elements. Finally, an Electro-thermal coupling analysis has enabled to develop a bond graph model representing temperature gradients that occur during a self-heating phase
Garrab, Hatem Morel Hervé. "Contribution à la modélisation électro-thermique de la cellule de commutation MOSFET-Diode." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2005. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=garrab.
Full textBoukadida, Nourredine. "Etude d'une structure a effet de diode thermique : application au chauffage solaire d'un local." Poitiers, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986POIT2287.
Full textBoukadida, Nourredine. "Etude d'une structure à effet de diode thermique application au chauffage solaire d'un local." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596309f.
Full textLacourarie, Fiona. "Caractérisation thermique et lumineuse de diodes électroluminescentes en charge par méthodes locales non intrusives : influence du luminophore." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMAC0003/document.
Full textThe high brightness LED market is constantly growing last twenty years. The lighting market is changing as needs have changed: we would like, for example, reduce power consumption, or have more flexible lighting (color, lighting cycle, dimensions ...). High brightness LEDs help provide solutions where others are lighting defects. A comparative study is conducted between the LEDs and other lighting sources.The operation of a high brightness LED emitting white light is explained with the description of each element: chip, substrate, the PAD and optics. Then the different methods of obtaining white light with LEDs are compared: several chips, a chip with one or more phosphors, or PRS-LED method. The phosphor has a significant optical role and an important thermal role. After being excited by the light emitted from the chip, it re-emits light in a greater wavelength. The effectiveness of this process depends on many parameters, such as the implementation of the phosphor, or the type of phosphor used. The study and characterization of optical and thermal properties are made for commercial LEDs, composed of a single chip emitting blue light with and without yellow phosphor. To master the maximum factors, we conducted a study and design of the printed circuit board (PCB) on which will be implanted our LEDs. In order to evaluate the materials constituting the LEDs, analyzes made at scanning electron microscope, and by microprobe were conducted. This work has revealed in particular the position of the p-n junction in the chip, and the composition of the phosphor layer of two different types. Moreover, to improve our understanding, a comparative study will be conducted on three yellow phosphors. Then the two types of LEDs, bare chip and chip with phosphor, were tested in order to obtain the luminous flux and efficiency of LEDs. The optical characterization has led us to create a bench for spectral radiance over a small portion of the chip. Furthermore, we are interested in the junction temperature of the bare chip, which we measure by various methods, including infrared thermography. For this, the emissivity was estimated for the bare chip and the chip with phosphor. Then we also compare these different methods to calculate the thermal resistance Rth j-PAD between the junction and the PAD. The mesh of conductive wires, implanted on the surface of the chip, is electrically modeled. The study, which is composed of three progressive levels of modeling, provides an understanding of distribution of the electric current through the junction, and thus to understand the distribution of the light flow and temperature at the surface of the chip. Afterwards, an optical-thermal model describes the phenomena present at the junction of a bare chip: converting electrical power into blue light and heat, and heat transfer. We complete this first model for a model of a chip with the phosphor. This model takes into account the photo-conversion of the phosphor with the calculation of the luminous flux at the output of the phosphor and the calculation of the heat due to the photo-conversion. The resolution of this model allows us to obtain the junction temperature of a chip with phosphor. The model of energy conservation is also verified. The optical-thermal model is applied to a surface temperature mapping in order to obtain a mapping of the junction temperature. These maps are combined with pictures of infrared thermography and radiance
Radenac, Erwan. "Etude expérimentale et numérique de l'allumage de compositions pyrotechniques par une diode laser." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2335.
Full textFock-Sui-Too, Jen-Luc. "Caractérisation et modélisation de composants IGBT et diode PIN dans leur environnement thermique sévère lié aux applications aéronautiques." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00525074.
Full textFock, Sui Too Jean-Luc. "Caractérisation et modélisation de composants IGBT et diode PiN dans leur environnement thermique sévère lié aux applications aéronautiques." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1094/.
Full textAt a time where climatic concerns are more than ever relevant, energy control, management and saving are nowadays becoming key points. This can be translate in avionics by weight reduction of the aircraft in order to save jet fuel consumption during flight leading to drastic decrease in CO² discharge. In accordance with saving energy concern the More Electrical Aircraft emphasizes the need for an all electrical actuation of the systems. Besides more electrical systems allow a reduction of maintenance costs as well as an increase of systems global reliability. Several projects has been created according this new vision and one of them is called the ModErNe project. This work has been realized as part of this project. Indeed, the use of power electronics equipment on an aircraft demands to perfectly know power components behavior in particular under harsh thermal environment. One of the main objectives is to experimentally analyze power components electrical characteristics in a range of temperature beyond manufacturer's one (-55°C to +175°C). This work describes the design and the experimental set up of a high and low temperature electrical test bench as well as tests vehicles. The other essential objective concerns virtual prototyping by modeling power components in order to simulate electrical characteristics under operating conditions. By the help of an electrical analogy the Ambipolar Diffusion Equation is analytically resolved allowing the creation of a 1D precise power component model. Then a comparison between simulation results, manufacturers data, and experimental results opens a discussion on the existence of a physics phenomena allowing the drastic reduction of the saturation voltage of certain IGBT: the Injection Enhanced Effect
Kasali, Suraju Olawale. "Thermal diodes based on phase-change materials." Thesis, Poitiers, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021POIT2254.
Full textThe thermal rectification of conductive and radiative thermal diodes based on phase-change materials, whose thermal conductivities and effective emissivities significant change within a narrow range of temperatures, is theoretically studied and optimized in different geometries. This thesis is divided into three parts. In the first part, we comparatively model the performance of a spherical and cylindrical conductive thermal diodes operating with vanadium dioxide (VO2) and non-phase-change materials, and derive analytical expressions for the heat flows, temperature profiles and optimal rectification factors for both diodes. Our results show that different diode geometries have a significant impact on the temperature profiles and heat flows, but less one on the rectification factors. We obtain maximum rectification factors of up to 20.8% and 20.7%, which are higher than the one predicted for a plane diode based on VO2. In addition, it is shown that higher rectification factors could be generated by using materials whose thermal conductivity contrast is higher than that of VO2. In the second part, on the other hand, we theoretically study the thermal rectification of a conductive thermal diode based on the combined effect of two phase-change materials. Herein, the idea is to generate rectification factors higher than that of a conductive thermal diode operating with a single phase-change material. This is achieved by deriving explicit expressions for the temperature profiles, heat fluxes and rectification factor. We obtain an optimal rectification factor of 60% with a temperature variation of 250 K spanning the metal-insulator transitions of VO2 and polyethylene. This enhancement of the rectification factor leads us to the third part of our work, where we model and optimize the thermal rectification of a plane, cylindrical and spherical radiative thermal diodes based on the utilization of two phase-change materials. We analyze the rectification factors of these three diodes and obtain the following optimal rectification factors of 82%, 86% and 90.5%, respectively. The spherical geometry is thus the best shape to optimize the rectification of radiative heat currents. In addition, potential rectification factors greater than the one predicted here can be realized by utilizing two phase-change materials with higher emissivities contrasts than the one proposed here. Our analytical and graphical results provide a useful guide for optimizing the rectification factors of conductive and radiative thermal diodes based on phase-change materials with different geometries
Alonzo, Zapata Irving. "Experimental Developments and Numerical Simulations of Far-Field Radiative Thermal Transistor Based on Vanadium Dioxide Thin Films." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LIMO0109.
Full textVanadium dioxide (VO₂) thin films were developed on c-sapphire, r-sapphire, and Si/SiO₂ (100) substrates using Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) with an off-axis configuration, supporting relatively large substrate surfaces up to 5×5 cm². After deposition, the VO₂ thin films underwent Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP) to enhance the contrast between their insulating and metallic states during the phase change transition at 68°C (5 orders of magnitude for the electrical resistivity). The physical properties of the VO₂ thin films were strongly correlated with the type of substrate used.This work aims to develop innovative thermal devices by utilizing the abrupt change in emissivity of VO₂ across its metal-insulator transition (MIT) to amplify and modulate far-field radiative heat flux. The emissivity of VO₂ thin films during the MIT was measured precisely using the Thermal Wave Resonant Cavity (TWRC) technique at the Pprime laboratory in Poitiers. The VO2 thin films showed emissivity variations of approximately Δε = 0.38 across their MIT for a 200 nm thickness, with each film exhibiting a unique hysteresis loop.These emissivities were used in modeling and simulating radiative thermal diodes and to theoretically explore a radiative thermal transistor with a base of VO₂ on c-sapphire, r-sapphire, or Si/SiO₂ substrates. An experimental radiative thermal transistor with a VO₂ base on Si/SiO₂ was realized. The internal radiative heat flux densities ϕ₁ (collector-base) and ϕ₂ (base-emitter) were measured to derive ϕ₃. The transistor exhibited a thermal switch performance of 0.55, a thermal modulation amplitude of 60 W/m², and a thermal amplification factor of 0.24. This study, among the first to demonstrate thermal heat density amplification in a radiative thermal transistor, provides insights into VO₂'s thermal and optical properties during its MIT, inspiring the development of new devices like thermal memristors at micrometer scales
JUGIEU, David. "Conception et réalisation d'une matrice de microéjecteur thermique adressable individuellement pour la fonctionnalisation de biopuce." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009522.
Full textDumonteuil, Maxime. "Solution générique pour l'adressage matriciel de micro-actionneurs thermiques et optimisation de micro-sources thermiques." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00135620.
Full textGangi, Afshin. "Interaction du laser diode 805 nm avec les tissus osteoarticulaires : etude experimentale chez l'animal avec analyse histologique, thermique, modelisation mathematique, resultats cliniques chez l'homme." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR13047.
Full textKoukos, Konstantinos. "Vers les sources optiques compatibles CMOS : corrélation entre élaboration et propriétés des nanocristaux de Si par LPCVD." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/858/.
Full textIntegrated systems comprising on-chip optical functions are of great interest for future generations of embedded, telecommunications sensing and instrumentation applications. The feasibility of a Silicon light source, compatible with CMOS technology remains a major hurdle in the development of systems combining optical and electronic functions on the same chip. The use of silicon nanocrystals embedded in a SiO2 matrix seems to be a promising solution. The objective of this work is to study the feasibility of visible/near infrared light sources using silicon nanocrystals obtained by LPCVD (Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition). Starting with a study of the material properties, we chose a bottom-up approach to fabricate several test devices. A reproducible, CMOS compatible technological process has been established to obtain the active material with the desired properties. The mechanisms of light emission have been studied by different characterization techniques and correlated with the structural and electrical properties. We have obtained intense emission under optical excitation in the visible/near infrared domain. Electroluminescence, however, requires a specific optimization of the active layer. We have explored several different implementations and have identified the tradeoffs between optical and electrical properties. At the end of this study, we have evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of LPCVD as a fabrication method for Si nanocrystals and propose solutions for the implementation of a functional electroluminescent device
Mostallino, Roberto. "Développement de diodes laser émettant à 975nm de très forte puissance, rendement à la prise élevé et stabilisées en longueur d’onde pour pompage de fibres dopées et réalisation de lasers à fibre." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0132/document.
Full textThis PhD addresses the development of high-power laser diodes emitting at 975nm withhigh efficiency and wavelength stabilized using a Bragg grating. This thesis was conducted in the framework of a close partnership between IMS Laboratory, the GIE III-V lab, who is themain French founder of III-V semiconductor devices for electronic and photonic applications,and THALES Research & Technology in Palaiseau. An in-depth characterization and analysiswork has addressed thermal aspects that contribute, in particular, to limit the optical outputpower of a laser diode. In such a context, we have carried out a set of complementary characterizations both at III-V lab and IMS allowing us to provide some corrective solutionsfor technological optimization concerning the etching depth of the grooves that defines the emitting stripe of the laser diode and the nature of the submount acting as a thermocompensator.These solutions have been proposed from optical modelling implemented with a dedicated simulator, property of III-V lab, and thermal and thermomechanical (multiphysics approach) finite element simulations of the overall microassembled structure. All this work has resulted in the fabrication as well as electro-optical and thermal characterizations of three vertical structures namely LOC (Large Optical Cavity), SLOC (Super Large Optical Cavity)and AOC (Asymmetrical Optical Cavity). The LOC and SLOC vertical structures have been processed with a Fabry-Perot cavity and also including a Bragg grating (DFB architecture) while the AOC one was only fabricated with a Fabry-Perot cavity. State-of-the-art results aredemonstrated since in particular an optical power of 8W with an efficiency of 60% has been obtained that can be compared to those recently published by the Ferdinand-Braun Institute.The originality of the work carried out in this PhD has allowed us to receive a grant from the European Laserlab Cluster (The Integrated Initiative of the European Laser Research Infrastructures), to conduct dedicated experiments at the Max-Born Institute (Berlin) in thegroup of Dr. J.W. Tomm. The work aimed to characterize mechanical strain of the laser diode induced by the soldering process. Two vertical structures (SLOC and AOC) were investigated using complementary techniques (microphotoluminescence, time-resolved photoluminescence,photocurrent spectroscopy and pulsed L-I measurements), allowing to quantify the level of residual stress provided by the laser diode mounting process as well as the kinetics of the catastrophic degradation process (COD)
Albach, Daniel. "Gestion de l'émission spontanée amplifiée et de la thermique d'un système laser solide de haute puissance moyenne pompée par diodes – le système laser Lucia." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00504915.
Full textPhilandrianos, Cécile. "Etude de l’effet de l’hyperthermie sélective induite par laser diode 1210 nm sur les cicatrices chéloïdes : étude expérimentale et clinique." Thesis, Lille 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL2S050/document.
Full textIntroduction Keloid scars (KS) are pathologies of skin healing causing often functional and aesthetic disturbances. They are linked to excess production and disorganization of collagen mostly due to TGF bêta; overproduction. The thermal lasers can improve healing through a modification of the inflammatory response. Indeed, a rise of temperature between 45 and 53 ° C leads to an overexpression of HSP 70, which causes a change in the expression of TGF bêta;. The 810nm laser diode has already proven to be effective but its wavelength cannot used on dark phototypes who are prone to developing KS.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a thermal laser on keloids in animal and in the context of a clinical study.Determination of laser parameters Studies on skin explants, and on healthy volunteers have shown that 1210 nm was the most suitable wavelength for this indication because it is poorly absorbed by melanin. The laser parameters were also carefully determined in order to control the skin temperature elevation. For a 1210 nm laser diode, an irradiance of 5.1W/cm² for 10 seconds leads to a maximum temperature of 53 ° C.Development of a KS animal model. Since, there was no KS animal model of DC , an innovative one was developed for this specific study. Fragments of human KS including the dermis and epidermis were transplanted in 40 nude mice. A clinical and histological evaluation confirmed the successful integration of the graft. At 4 months, it was proven that the KS remained unchanged. Study of the 1210nm diode laser in an KS animal modelThe 1210 nm laser was evaluated on our KS animal model. Laser irradiation was performed on the grafts. Clinical and histological evaluations have shown no adverse reactions. A 45 ° C mean temperature was recorded during laser irradiation .Study of l the 1210nm diode laser after intrakeloid excision. Parallel to the animal study, a pilot study was performed to assess the feasibility and safety of a 1210nm diode laser irradiation. An intrakeloid excision was achieved; the suture was then irradiated for about 10 seconds. 20 patients were included in the study. The study is still ongoing. A 2-year follow up is scheduled. So far, it was noted that no harmful effects of the laser. 8 patients received injections of corticosteroids due to of keloid recurrence at six months.conclusionAn original KS animal model was developed for the first time to study of the in vivo effects of laser irradiation. It was demonstrated that a 1210nm diode laser (5.1W/cm², for 10 seconds) led to a 45°C skin temperature without any deleterious effect. The 1210 nm diode laser after intrakeloid excision showed no signs of toxicity in humans. In humans, the maximum temperature was 48 ° C +/- 3°C . A long term follow-up on a large series of patients is still necessary to confirm the effectiveness of this promising treatment
Le, Clec’h Julien. "Étude physique de diodes laser de puissance : contraintes, thermique, fiabilité." Nantes, 2012. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=e2407dbd-56c1-4d6f-bd64-d31f1ed15ddf.
Full textEchanical stress in high-power single-mode pump GaAs-based laser diodes emitting at 980 nm has been studied. The goal is twofold: first of all an understanding of the origin of the stress generated in laser diodes is needed, to then be able to manage this induced stress when manufacturing laser modules. In this document, we focus on the stress generated when soldering a laser diode on its submount. In fact, it appears that the submount itself, the pick-and-place tool used, and the thermal conditions set for the brasing cycle play a crucial role in the manufacturing of high-performance and reliable devices, via the induced stress management. Thereby, we show in this document, that it is possible to design a bi-material submount, generating a low stress level in laser diodes, and preserving the thermal and electrical characteristics offered by efficient submounts. We also discuss the stress applied to the laser diode by the pick-and-place tool, with respect to its surface state, and we show the link between the laser diode profile and the solder joint integrity. Finally, we also address the topic of soldering parameters via successive series of tests, highlighting the optimal conditions to be set in terms of temperature and duration of brasing cycle, in terms of applied force on laser diodes, and in terms of metallic vertical structure of the submount
Reisdorffer, Frédéric. "Dégradation des diodes électroluminescentes organiques : analyses électriques et thermiques." Nantes, 2013. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=edb2c8d4-524a-44b6-95e9-99cfa7e0a49b.
Full textOrganic light emitting diodes are one of the most promising technologies to promote display and lighting applications. In this thesis, we have focused on extrinsic and intrinsic defects, which are present in organic light emitting diodes and which limit their lifetime. These defects were characterized by electrical and thermal measurements. First, we determined the electrical properties of a freshly prepared Alq3 based OLED of different structures by techniques such as current-voltage-luminance characteristics, impedance spectroscopy and deep level transient spectroscopy. Next, thin films of Alq3 were characterized at the microscopic scale by scanning thermal microscopy to determine the thermal properties layer organization. To quantify the thermal properties, we have used photo thermal radiometry and we have developed the 3ω method. From these results, we have studied degradation processes by two approaches. Extrinsic degradation processes were studied by analyzing the organic thin film aged under different storage conditions. Intrinsic degradation was studied by applying an electrical stress to the diodes for a long period. The results obtained show that a structural reorganization of the layers during aging process causes irreversible modifications of the diodes properties
Khoudeir, Majdi. "Modélisation thermique de diodes électroluminescentes au GaAlAs en régimes statique et impulsionnel périodique." Poitiers, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990POIT2294.
Full textSchaub, Emmanuel. "Étude par thermoréflectivité du comportement thermique de diodes laser de puissance pour télécommunication." Bordeaux 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR10654.
Full textCombaret, Christophe Macovschi Mihail. "Comportement thermique des composants de protection contre les effets indirects de la foudre." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2001. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=combaret.
Full textChenais, Sébastien. "Nouveaux matériaux laser dopés à l'ytterbium : performances en pompage par diode et étude des effets thermiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00119661.
Full textCombaret, Christophe. "Comportement thermique des composants de protection contre les effets indirects de la foudre." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2000ISAL0055/these.pdf.
Full textHigh power avalanche diodes, often sold as "transil" diodes, represent an attractive solution for the protection of electronic systems against lightning induced effects. These effects are generated (resistive, capacitive or inductive coupling) when an electric conductor is very close to metallic mass directly hit by a lightning stroke). Reliable and rational implementation of a transil diode needs a thermo-electrical fitting as sharp as possible. The proposed model is based both on the diode mechanical structure for its thermal side and on a SPICE-like system for its electrical side. The model numerical parameters computation and use have been validated with experimental data. On the other hand, long-term behavior of a transil diode hit by lightning induced effects is not well known. So, the second part of this work concerns degradation and weakening effects appearing in normal work conditions of the component. Experimental equipments (high energy pulses generator and measurement setup) have been developped. Preliminary observations have showed differences in the diode behavior under, in one hand, high energy and low current pulses and, in the other hand, high current and low energy pulses. Then, a systematic study showed differences between these two behavior. In the first case, two phenomena leading to a typical increasing of reverse leakage current have been studied and analysed. They appear to be linked to localized breakdown and setting up of deep levels in the junction
Feltin, Eric. "Hétéro-épitaxie de Nitrure de Gallium sur substrat de silicium (111) et applications." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE4075.
Full textThe work presented in this manuscript deals with the epitaxial growth of gallium nitride on silicon (111) substrate by Metal-Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy for the optoelectronic applications of III-nitride semiconductors. Cracking of the GaN layers is a consequence of th tensile biaxial stress arising from the epitaxy on silicon. Experimental and theoretical analysis of the thermal and intrinsic stresses give a nes possibilities for the growth of GaN on S1 (111) and a better understanding of the problem of cracks in GaN layers. AIN/GaN superlattices have been used for stress engineering in GaN layers deposited on silicon and to strongly increase the GaN thickness deposited on Si (111) without any crack. InGan on silicon for electronic and optoelectronic applications. Three-dimensional growth process and Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth (ELO) process have been developed in order to increase the optical and crystalline properties of GaN layers on silicon. For the first time, a decrease of the dislocations density of more than two orders of magnitude has been achieved in fully coalesced layers. The stresses present in ELO layers and cracked layers were explained by theoretical models for the reduction of stress from free surfaces. In agreement with these models, the stress present in GaN on silicon can be relieved and the formation of crack can be avoided by the decrease of the lateral dimensions of the layers
Jugieu, David. "Conception et réalisation d'une matrice de microéjecteur thermique adressable individuellement pour la fonctionnalisation de biopuce." Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000072/.
Full textGrossard, Ludovic. "Corrélations temporelles et spatiales, structuration spectrale et distorsions thermiques dans l'émission d'un laser pompé par diodes." Limoges, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIMO0035.
Full textBouillaud, Hugo. "Fabrication et optimisation des caractéristiques thermiques de diodes Schottky de la filière GaAs et reportées sur SiHR pour des applications de multiplication de fréquences." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILN043.
Full textThe exponential needs associated with applications exploiting the THz domain require to expand the range of available sources and optimize their fabrication processes. In this thesis, we focused on schottky diodes for its use as frequency multipliers. Our experimental research involved optimizing the characteristics of GaAs schottky diodes through the development and implementation of an innovative fabrication process. First, we fabricated GaAs schottky diodes on GaAs substrate with several aspect ratios in order to make a reference in terms of device. Then we fabricated a flip-chip device for a 150 GHz frequency multiplication application in a waveguide block. Finally, in order to enhance the power handling of the diodes, we optimized their thermal dissipation by transferring their epitaxial structure onto a substrate with higher thermal conductivity : SiHR (high resistivity silicon). The complete technological processes for these fabrications are detailed, and the last part of the study is dedicated to their characterization. On one hand, we assessed any variations in the characteristics of GaAs diodes on GaAs induced by the different aspect ratios. On the other hand, we compared the two technologies on SiHR and GaAs substrates. This work demonstrates the potential of this type of transferred technology, where a significant reduction of thermal resistance is observed and is associated with a notable improvement of the series resistance
Gay, Henquinet Nathalie. "Détection, caractérisation électrique et élimination de défauts dans le silicium. Application à la tenue en tension de diodes PN." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30127.
Full textLeng, Sovannarith. "Identifying and evaluating aging signatures in light emitting diode lighting systems." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30035/document.
Full textIn this work, the degradation of light emitting diodes (LEDs) is studied by identifying and evaluating their aging signature during the stress time. The custom-made experimental test bench is built for realization of the test measurement. Through this experimental test bench, it allows to test a large amount of LED samples and enable to select different temperature condition and different current stress level. There are four different types of LED with similar characteristic in term of their color temperature, IF, VF, power (1W) and as monochip, but different technology coming from Cree, Osram, Philips and Seoul Semiconductor. The devices are firstly characterized their electrical and photometrical characteristic at their initial state, then they are submitted to different current stress condition at low current stress (350mA) and high current stress (1000mA) while the thermal stress is fixed at one temperature (50°C). The study of these devices failure mechanism is archived by using the primary method based on the electrical and photometrical characterization of the devices that allows to evaluate their degradation at different locations of the device components such as semiconductor chip, interconnection and device's package. The electrical characteristic of the device's I-V curve: at low injected current level and reverse bias allow us to identify the degradation characteristic of device's semiconductor chip, at high injected current level allows us to determine the degradation of device's ohmic contact and photometric characteristic allows us to evaluate the degradation of device's package system
Tang, Xiao. "Optimisation théorique et expérimentale de composants hyperfréquences de la filière nitrure de gallium à partir d’études physico-thermiques et électriques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10004/document.
Full textThe work of this thesis is dedicated to study gallium nitride based components by means of electric studies and a physical-thermal model. The GaN based devices are very promising for high-frequency microwave power applications. However, their electric performances are limited by two principal causes: The first cause is related to the contacts realization. In this work, we studied TiN Schottky contacts on AlGaN/GaN heterostructures on Si (111) substrates realized by magnetron spray. A detailed analysis of the obtained parameters, such as the barrier height, the ideality factor and the reverse leakage current, permits optimizing the topology and the technological processes, such as the annealing temperature and time, thepassivation and the surface pre-etching. The theory related to the conduction mechanisms through the contact is also recalled, showing that the electric field assisted tunnel effect and the space charge limited current are the dominant mechanisms. The second cause is related to the important self-heating effect in the GaN based components inconsideration of the high dissipated power, which degrades the electric performances and the reliability as well. In this framework, a physical-thermal model based on the coupling of an energy-balance model with a thermal model was developed. Such a model takes into account the lattice temperature everywhere in the device and describes the electric and thermal performances of GaN based components. Thanks to the developed model, firstly the AlGaN/GaN and InAlN/GaN heterostructures were analyzed on different substrates by means of TLM patterns, in order to evaluate their electric and thermal performances so as to optimize the substrate choice. The GaN based Gunn diodes with different topologies were also studied with the goal to optimize a structure in terms of frequency oscillation and power conversion, taking into account the thermal effects. After a comparison between the simulation results and the measured ones, it is proved that the physical-thermal model is an accurate and reliable predictive tool, which is extremely useful for the technologists and furthermore, permits a better understanding of the observed physical phenomena
Aubry, Valérie. "Etude des diodes schottky tungstene sur les alliages de silicium-germanium deposes par rtcvd : caracterisations electriques et stabilite thermique." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112004.
Full textZarco, Pernia Esther. "Optimisation des montages industriels et économie d’énergie par maîtrise de la convection naturelle dans les cavités thermiques diodes." Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100186.
Full textThe aim of this work is the quantification and qualification of heat transfer that occurs in parallelogrammic cavities based on various parameters. This enclosure is formed of two active and two passive walls, with air as the closed fluid. The first two walls are always maintained vertical and they are called active because they create the natural convection flow inside the cavity through a temperature difference between them. The other two passive walls (horizontal at the first time) are adiabatic. Many different configurations of the cavity can be studied by simple variation of the angle of inclination of the passive walls with respect to the horizontal direction. When the inclination angle of the passive wall is negative, the active hot wall is above the cold wall, and the heat transfer by convection decreases compared with the case of the square cavity (angle zero). The cavity is called insulated in the convective meaning of the wall. For positive angles the hot wall is located below the cold one. For these configurations, natural convection is enhanced and we find a maximum transfer rate for an optimum angle greater than 0°. In addition to the detailed study of natural convection in these cavities, the novelty of this work is the analysis of the influence of a capacitive thermal mass forming the hot wall. This investigation, whose objective is the study of the interaction between conduction and natural convection, has never been studied before in this type of cavities. Several materials with very different physical properties will therefore be analyzed
Antou, Guy. "Améliorations de revêtements barrières thermiques par un procédé de refusion laser in situ utilisant un laser à diodes." Strasbourg 1, 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/ANTOU_Guy_2004.zip.
Full textYttria partially stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are nowadays widely used to protect components of aero gas turbines against degradation at high temperature, corrosion and oxidation. However, these coatings degrade in service conditions. Therefore, to manufacture TBC which present both low thermal conductivity and high life-time is a real challenge. Engineering the coating architecture by an adapted process is a prerequise to modify TBC characteristics. In this study, laser remelting was combined to thermal spraying in order to modify the TBC properties. The purpose was to adapt TBC characteristics during their manufacturing process, without adding one or even more additional steps. In situ laser treatment (i) changes structure from lamellar to dendritic columnar; (ii) generates a pore architecture less sensitive to sintering, inducing then a best conservation of the thermal and mechanical properties during thermal treatments at high temperatures; (iii) improves the thermal insulation properties of the TBC by decreasing its thermal conductivity of about 30 %; (iv) decreases its permeability in order to diminish oxidation and corrosion phenomena; (v) increases the resistance to isothermal shocks (with the possibility to double the number of cycles); (vi) conducts to a metastable tetragonal phase more stable during thermal shocks; (vii) without modifying elastic response of the deposit
Lewis, Dean. "Réalisation d'un banc optique d'imagerie thermique et thermoélastique pour composants électroniques en fonctionnement : application à l'étude de l'effet Peltier généré aux contacts ohmiques de circuits intégrés et la caractérisation du comportement thermique de diodes laser." Bordeaux 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR10598.
Full textCardinali, Vanessa. "Matériaux lasers dopés à l'ion ytterbium : Performances lasers en pompage par diodes lasers et étude des propriétés thermo-optiques à des températures cryogéniques." Phd thesis, Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2011. https://pastel.hal.science/docs/00/61/31/85/PDF/Doctorat_CardinaliVanessa.pdf.
Full textIn solid-state lasers, heat generation in gain medium can introduce wave-front distorsions. The goal of my thesis is to measure thermo-optic coefficients (thermal conductivity, thermo-optic coefficient dn/dT and thermal expansion coefficient) of new laser materials allowing reaching high energy with high repetition rate. These laser materials are ytterbium doped ceramics of sesquioxides of scandium Sc2O3, lutetium Lu2O3 and yttrium Y2O3. These materials have also been tested in a free running laser oscillator: these experiments have shown the interest to work at low temperature. When driven at low temperature (cryogenic cooling), thermal properties of these materials are improved. Thermo-optical values of these materials are actually unknown in the literature, especially at low temperatures. Therefore, measuring these parameters is very important for the development of high-power lasers. Other materials have also been studied: ytterbium doped ceramics and crystals of YAG, crystals of calcium fluoride CaF2 and neodymium doped phosphate laser glass
Cardinali, Vanessa. "Matériaux lasers dopés à l'ion ytterbium : Performances lasers en pompage par diodes lasers et étude des propriétés thermo-optiques à des températures cryogéniques." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00613185.
Full textBenmansour, Adel. "Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes de défaillances de l'IGBT sous régimes de fortes contraintes électriques et thermiques." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13752/document.
Full textFor these last years, the IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) has occupied a dominating place comparing to other power components. Used in a multitude of applications, it became the component of reference in power electronics domain. In this thesis, I will be interested in operation of the IGBT in extreme thermal and electrical conditions. Using the simulation of a bi-dimensional physical model of a Punch Through Trench IGBT, I will be interested more particularly in the limits of the SOA (Safe Operating Area), and more precisely in the mechanisms which can lead to the failure of the component. An experimental study will present the behaviour of various structures of IGBT in various electrical and thermal operating conditions, more particularly the influence of the temperature and the gate resistance. Lastly, a proposal for an improvement of IGBT will be developed in simulation by implementing a layer SiGe in the N+ buffer layer of the IGBT
Moussodji, Moussodji Jeff. "Caractérisation et modélisation électro-thermique distribuée d'une puce IGBT : Application aux effets du vieillissement de la métallisation d'émetteur." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DENS0013/document.
Full textPower modules, organized around power chips (IGBT, MOSFET, diodes, …), are increasingly needed for transportations systems such a rail, aeronautics and automobile. In all these application, power devices reliability is still a critical point. This is particularly the case in the powertrain of hybrid or electric vehicle in which power chips are often subjected to very high electrical and thermal stress levels such as hybrid or electric vehicle, power devices are subjected to very high electrical, thermal and mechanical stress levels which may affect their reliability.Thus, the ability to analyze the coupled phenomena and to accurately predict degradation mechanisms in power semiconductors and their effects due to electro-thermal and thermo-mechanical stress is essential. Especially on the semiconductor chip where significant physical interactions occur and its immediate vicinity. The aim of this work is to highlight the electro-mechanical and thermal stress and their effects on the semiconductor chip and its immediate vicinity, by evaluating the effects of damage using distributed models. This work consists of two parts :An original experimental approach concerning the elctro-thermal characterization of cross section power chips (IGBT and diodes). In this approach, it is exposed for the first time, an original way to characterize vertical thermal distributions inside high power silicon devices under forward bias. Thus, the vertical mapping of temperature and mechanical stress of IGBT and diode chip are presented. The impact of this work that is opens a wide field of investigations in high power semiconductor devices. The second part is theoretical and aims to implementing a distributed electro-thermal model of IGBT chip.The modeling strategy consists on a discretization of the power semiconductor chip in macro-cells with a distributed electro-thermal behavior over the chip area. In case of the IGBT devices each macro-cell is governed by the Hefner model and electrically linked by their terminals. Temperature variable used in these macro-cells are obtained by a nodal 3D-RC thermal model. This allows the distributed electro-thermal problem to be solved homogeneously and simultaneously by a circuit solver such as Simplorer. The aim of this model is to allow the accurate analysis of some effects ine the electrical and thermal coupling over the chip. Especially, this model should allow explaining some effects such as the contacts position over the die metallization and the ageing of the emitter metallization of the chip. In a first step, the model is used to clarify how the current and the temperature map are distributed over the chip according to the relative positions between cells and wire bond contacts on the top-metal during short-circuit operation. In a second step, we will show how dynamic latch-up failures may occur when trying to turn-off a short circuit process
Gatard, Emmanuel. "Analyse des phénomènes physiques dans les diodes p-i-n : contribution à la modélisation électrothermique pour les applications de puissance RF et hyperfréquences." Limoges, 2006. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/0b9b8206-a9ad-4e98-8108-afdd5506fda2/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0065.pdf.
Full textP-I-N diodes are widely used in active, passive microwave applications including phase shifters, switches, attenuators and limiters. An accurate prediction of electrical behavior, reliability and thermal management of semiconductor power devices goes through the coupling of thermal models with electrical models. Conventional p-i-n diode models at microwave frequencies are simply current controlled resistance without nonlinear effect and temperature dependence. In this context, the diode electrical behavior was largely studied thanks to physics-based simulations. Thus, a nonlinear electrical model was developed in forward as in reverse bias operation and implemented in a commercial circuit simulator. A nonlinear thermal reduced model of the diode was also developed from a 3D finite element description and implemented in a circuit simulator. Finally, a nonlinear electrothermal p-i-n diode model was proposed and successfully validated with small and large signal measurements. The developed model was used to enable the simulation of high power S band limiters
DUPONT-NIVET, ERIC. "Epitaxie en phase vapeur aux organometalliques de gainp et algainp sur gaas : application a la realisation de diodes et de lasers a heterojonctions." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077108.
Full textBrassé, Ludovic. "Etude et réalisation d'amplificateurs guides d'ondes appliqués aux microlasers." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10196.
Full textEl, Makoudi Ikram. "Étude et fabrication de transistors à enrichissement de la filière InAlAs/InGaAs pour applications millimétriques faible bruit." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10069/document.
Full textThe increasing needs of high frequency electronic systems combined with constant efforts in miniaturization require low noise and high frequency Field Effect Transistor with high operation voltage. For digital applications, enhancement mode HEMT is needed. The enhancement-mode metamorphic AlInAs/GaInAs HEMT on GaAs substrate developed in OMMIC in 2007 meet these requirements and it represents the starting point of our study. The aim of our work is to provide AlInAs/InGaAs E-HEMTs for low noise applications, on InP substrate in order to take advantage of its high electronic mobility, while maintaining high static and dynamic performances. We first optimized the structure, then we realized and characterized E-HEMTs which reach high cutoff frequencies, such as 204 GHz for FT and 327 GHz for FMAX, combined with a low noise figure of 0.96 dB and an associated gain of 13.2 dB at 30 GHz. These structures also show high static performances such as a 30 mV threshold voltage, a gate-to-drain breakdown voltage of –7 V, and a high transconductance of 1040 mS/mm. These results make this pseudomorphic E-HEMT on InP substrate at the state of the art of the enhancement mode HEMTs, and it even competes with the best low noise applications depletion mode HEMTs
Ayvazyan, Vigen. "Etude de champs de température séparables avec une double décomposition en valeurs singulières : quelques applications à la caractérisation des propriétés thermophysiques des matérieux et au contrôle non destructif." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14671/document.
Full textInfrared thermography is a widely used method for characterization of thermophysical properties of materials. The advent of the laser diodes, which are handy, inexpensive, with a broad spectrum of characteristics, extend metrological possibilities of infrared cameras and provide a combination of new powerful tools for thermal characterization and non destructive evaluation. However, this new dynamic has also brought numerous difficulties that must be overcome, such as high volume noisy data processing and low sensitivity to estimated parameters of such data. This requires revisiting the existing methods of signal processing, adopting new sophisticated mathematical tools for data compression and processing of relevant information.New strategies consist in using orthogonal transforms of the signal as a prior data compression tools, which allow noise reduction and control over it. Correlation analysis, based on the local cerrelation study between partial derivatives of the experimental signal, completes these new strategies. A theoretical analogy in Fourier space has been performed in order to better understand the «physical» meaning of modal approaches.The response to the instantaneous point source of heat, has been revisited both numerically and experimentally. By using separable temperature fields, a new inversion technique based on a double singular value decomposition of experimental signal has been introduced. In comparison with previous methods, it takes into account two or three-dimensional heat diffusion and therefore offers a better exploitation of the spatial content of infrared images. Numerical and experimental examples have allowed us to validate in the first approach our new estimation method of longitudinal thermal diffusivities. Non destructive testing applications based on the new technique have also been introduced.An old issue, which consists in determining the initial temperature field from noisy data, has been approached in a new light. The necessity to know the thermal diffusivities of an orthotropic medium and the need to take into account often three-dimensional heat transfer, are complicated issues. The implementation of the double singular value decomposition allowed us to achieve interesting results according to its ease of use. Indeed, modal approaches are statistical methods based on high volume data processing, supposedly robust as to the measurement noise
Fayad, Paul B. "Analyse par spectrométrie de masse d’hormones stéroïdiennes dans les eaux usées et abattement par oxydation chimique." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11187.
Full textSolliec, Morgan. "Analyse par spectrométrie de masse des antibiotiques vétérinaires liés à l’élevage porcin." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13571.
Full textSwine production is a major source of antibiotic release into the environment via manure spreading on agricultural fields. It has been shown that these biologically active compounds may have a toxic impact on ecosystems. Moreover, they are also suspected to cause health problems and contribute to bacterial resistance that could lead to difficult-to-treat infections in humans. Therefore, control of these substances in the environment is necessary. Several analytical methods are proposed in the scientific literature to identify these compounds in various matrices. However, few of these methods allowed the analysis of these contaminants in matrices derived from intensive livestock farming. Furthermore, the analytical methods available are often subject to false positives, given the complexity samples and the equipment used and do not take into account the metabolites and degradation products. Finally, concentration levels reached with these methods are sometimes outdated since the evolution of analytical chemistry and mass spectrometry. In this context, new analytical methods have been developed to investigate and quantify the antibiotics derived from swine husbandry to propose alternative, sensible, selective and robust approaches to quantify these molecules. A first analytical method has been proposed based on an alternative sample introduction technique using the laser diode thermal desorption interface with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The objective was to provide a simpler and faster analysis while reaching levels suitable for the studied matrix. This alternative sample introduction method coupled with an efficient sample processing allowed the analysis of several classes of veterinary antibiotics in swine manure in a short analysis time. Detection limits ranged between 2.5 and 8.3 µg kg-1 and are comparable with those obtained with liquid chromatography in a similar matrix. In order to simultaneously analyze a series of tetracyclines, a second analytical method using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was proposed. The use of HRMS was motivated by the fact that this mass spectrometer is less sensitive to false positive that the traditional triple quadrupole given the complexity of the studied matrix. Detection limits between 1.5 and 3.6 µg kg-1 have been achieved in swine manure using a fragmentation analysis mode to avoid false positives. Targeted screening methods are interesting approaches when contaminants are suspected to be present in a sample. However, a non-included contaminant in this targeted analysis method could not been detected even at a high concentration. In this context, a non-target compound screening method focused on veterinary pharmaceutical compounds in swine manure was developed using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. A polymeric SPE cartridge was used to collect polar compounds including pharmaceuticals prior analysis. This method allowed the identification of antibiotics and pharmaceuticals of commonly used in swine farming. Most of the analytical methods available in the literature focus on parent compounds, regardless degradation products. The approach used in the second method of analysis was applied and extended to other classes of antibiotics to measure concentrations of several antibiotic residues in soils and drainage waters of an experimental agricultural field. Field soil contained a mixture of antibiotics and their related degradation products with concentrations measured up to 1020 µg kg-1. Some of these compounds have migrated through the field via drainage waters wherein concentrations up to 3200 ng L-1 were observed.
Roy-Lachapelle, Audrey. "Nouvelles stratégies pour l’analyse des cyanotoxines par spectrométrie de masse." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13570.
Full textCyanobacteria have a very important place in aquatic ecosystems and a significant number of species are considered harmful given their production of toxic metabolites. These cyanotoxins have various chemical proprieties and have often been associated with poisoning episodes. The frequency of cyanobacterial blooms is increasing and the study of cyanobacteria and their toxins is of increasing interest, especially considering the potential increase associated with climate changes. Given the chemical complexity of the cyanotoxins, the development of simple, sensitive and fast detection methods is an analytical challenge. Considering these issues, the development of new analytical approaches for the detection of cyanotoxins in water and fish samples contaminated with harmful cyanobacterial blooms have been proposed. A first approach consists of the use of an on-line solid phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS) for the analysis of six microcystins (MCs), anatoxin-a (ANA-a) and cylindrospermopsin (CYN). This method allows a simple and rapid analysis and enables the chromatographic separation of ANA-a and its isobaric interference, phenylalanine. The detection limits ranged from 0.01 to 0.02 µg L-1 and concentrations in lake waters were found between 0.024 and 36 µg L-1. A second method consists of using manual solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) for the determination of b-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), ANA-a, CYN and saxitoxin (STX) in contaminated lake water. The analysis of two conformational isomers of BMAA was done to improve the selectivity. Dansyl chloride-based derivatization allows simplified chromatography. The detection limits were obtained between 0.007 and 0.01 µg L-1. The analysis of bloom water samples detected concentrations of cyanotoxins between 0.01 and 0.3 µg L-1 allowing the confirmation of the presence of BMAA in algal blooms in Québec. A second part of the project consists in the use of an alternative sample introduction technology for MS analysis. It enables ultra-fast analysis (< 15 seconds/sample) without the use of a chromatographic step, and is called laser diode thermal desorption (LDTD) coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). The first LDTD project consists of the analysis of total MCs via Lemieux oxidation in order to obtain a common moiety of all MCs existing congeners. This fraction, the MMPB, is analyzed after a liquid-liquid extraction step, with the LDTD-APCI-MS/MS. A value of 0.2 µg L-1 was obtained for detection limit and concentrations between 1 and 425 µg L-1 have been found in contaminated water samples. In addition, a comparison with a parallel analysis using MCs congeners’ standards suggested the possible presence of undetected MCs or isomers. A second project involves the direct analysis of ANA-a using LDTD-APCI-HRMS in order to solve the isobaric interference, phenylalanine, which is possible due to the high resolution detection. The LDTD offers no chromatographic separation and by using HRMS, we can distinguish ANA-a signals from those of phenylalanine. A value of 0.2 µg L-1 was obtained as detection limit and the method has been applied on water bloom samples with a positive concentration of 0.21 µg L-1. Finally, using the LDTD-APCI-HRMS combination, analysis of total MCs has been adapted to fish tissues to determine the unbound and bound MCs and compare the results with standard analysis. The use of digestion with sodium hydroxide prior to Lemieux oxidation followed by SPE purification yielded a detection limit of 2.7 µg kg-1. Total MCs concentrations were found between 2.9 and 13.2 µg kg-1 in real field-collected contaminated fish samples and comparison was made with standard analysis which yield a single positive sample with a concentration of 2 µg kg-1. This indicates the possible presence of undetected MCs using conventional analytical methods.