Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diorite – France – Massif central (France)'
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Lemaire, Dominique. "Propriétés gravimétriques et magnétiques des plutons en relation avec leur composition chimique et leur mode de mise en place : exemples pris dans le nord du Massif central." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112400.
Full textGravimetric and magnetic 2,5 D modelization studies of north western part of french Massif Central, based on 3 600 measurements shows that : the "Plateau d'Aigurande" granites have : - dissymmetrical flattened bubble shapes which are in good agreement with the hypothesis of the syn-tectonic diapiric emplacement of the granitic magmas as proposed after structural studies, and that biotitic leucogranites have a stretched shape different from two micas leucogranites and probably a deeper origin ; the "Domaine de Boussac" gabbro-diorites are three distinct massives without any basic rock between them these structures have a flat shape (about 700 meters thick) and stretched out between the Boussac and Marche faults ; the eastern Marche granites have - different shapes for ante- to syn- tectonic granites strained by the strike-slip displacement of the Marche fault which look like two kilometers thick plates, and post-tectonic leucogranites which have bubble diapiric shape, and different bubble shapes for post-tectonic leucogranites of different composition and emplacement. Geophysical results confirm structural data. Geometry of granites seems to depend on their composition, their emplacement, and their deformation
Mboungou-Kongo, Jean-Baptiste. "Les formations metamorphiques devono-dinantiennes et les roches plutoniques de la region sud-ouest de clermont-ferrand (massif central francais) : etudes petrographique, geochimique et structurale." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF21027.
Full textVauchelle, Louis. "L'extrémité occidentale de massif de Guéret (Massif Central Français)." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066664.
Full textMarty, Pascal. "Forêts et sociétés : appropriation et production de l'espace forestier : les logiques d'action des propriétaires privés : l'exemple de la moyenne montagne rouergate." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010525.
Full textIn France, 70 % of the forests is privately owned. The space dynamics in private forests are linked to the way of appropriating the space. The relatinship between nature and society is complex in private forests. The topic of this research is to offer an interpretation ot the space turnover, related to the concepts of production and space appropriation. It should take into account both the social and natural aspects of the private forests. The studied area - the south-west of the french massif central - has been sharply expanding for a century and is 90 % privately-owned. The aim is to identify the logic of actions of the private owners, estimate their impact on the forest, and to analize the representations and conceptions as far as the forest management is concerned. From a metodological wiewpoint, the researches have been carried out in two directions. 1) in order to study the private strategies of owners in their forests, 9 observatories in different natural areas have been chosen to collect bio-ecological and sociological information. 2) in the public debate, the tensions and disagreements about the way of managing the forest which should be applied to the rural space, have been deduced from the analysis of forestry press articles, and also thanks to my attending a training on the forest organized by commissions of private forests. In the studied space, the forest properties are often linked to farm estates and are less than 25 ha. The registred managements programs are very rare : the actions of the owners are little linked to the economy in an uncontrolled forest space. In the public discussion, the opposition between an interest bearing conception of the forest and the environment logic is strong. The production ot the landscapes-to-be in the rural space will depend on the outcome given by the community to the issue on the forest private property
Boumehdi, Moulay Ahmed. "Les clinopyroxènes dans les basaltes alcalins continentaux (Massif central, France) : implications pétrogénétiques, barométriques et caractérisation de la profondeur des réservoirs magmatiques." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF21123.
Full textBinon, Michel. "Les formations dévono-carbonifères du nord-ouest de la montagne bourbonnaise (Massif Central français) : étude pétrographique, géochimique et structurale. Métallogénie." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF20120.
Full textSerre, Frédéric. "Chutes de neige et manteau neigeux sur les hautes terres du Massif central français." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CLF20015.
Full textIn the highlands of the french massif central, snow is a natural constraint. On the one hand, snowfall blocks traffic flow, especially during storms ; and on the other there is not enough snow coverage to guarantee a regular winter sports season. The aims of this thesis are to determine the extent of these constraints objectively, and to evaluate the spatial variations. Firstly, the reliability and representation of data must be put into question, as the nival measurements are unconfirmed. Next, through the study of traffic conditions on the road networks, which are linked to weather factors and snow-clearing operation strategies, it is possible to distinguish three characteristic situations. The recurrence of these situations is calculated from conventional meteorological data, defining hazard indexes. It appears that snowfall tends to reinforce territorial enclosing, and that this constraint is particularly pertinent in the south of the margeride. Finally, the snow regimes are analysed in order to evaluate the periods which lend themselves more favourably to winter sports. The inconsistency of the snow-cover during winter is an important factor and snow coverage must be considered in terms of continual sequences. Only a few isolated sectors are privileged, especially in the mont dore and the cantal due to regular and abundant snowfall
Najoui, Khalid. "Conditions et âges de mise en place des granitoi͏̈des de la zone externe sud du Massif central français : étude pétro-structurale et géochronologique 40Ar-39Ar des roches, de leurs auréoles de contact et de quelques roches magmatiques. Implications géotectoniques." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20271.
Full textCosta, Sylvie. "De la collision continentale à l'extension tardi-orogénique, 100 millions d'années d'histoire varisque dans le Massif central français : une étude chronologique par la méthode 40Ar-39Ar." Montpellier 2, 1990. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01986574/document.
Full textDisez, Nathalie. "Agritourisme et développement territorial : exemples dans le Massif Central." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CLF20098.
Full textAgritourism, meaning leisure and tourism activities proposed by farmers in relation with the farm, is an innovating activity. This hypothesis goes to another one: agritourism takes part in rural development. The analysis of agritourism contribution for rural development in six regions of the massif central must bring some reservations. Agritouristic farmers are not a lot and moreover, the part of innovation is different according to strategies (properties, completing income and enterprise). These differences make territorial organization difficult. The strategy for properties is the most common but also the less innovating; the entrepreneurial logic does not necessarily lead to a collective level. These conclusions are relative. On the one hand, it may be early to analyse agritourism contribution because this activity evolutes to more complex activities with bigger farmer's commitment in tourism. The learning will be long because it requires a break from years of specialization, in disarray and carefulness conditions. On the other hand, is not the small territorial dimension in relation with the characteristics of studied spaces? we do not think so, but it would be interesting to work on other spaces. Finally, let us remind that our conclusions are about french experiments and there may be countries where agritourism contribution is higher
Faucon, Frédéric. "Les transports collectifs de voyageurs dans le Massif central français." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CLF20008.
Full textCouturier, Marc. "Rétromorphoses hydratées des péridotites : exemple du massif de la Bessenoits (Massif central français)." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30195.
Full textOuali, Houssa. "Caractérisation géochimique des paléomagmatites de quelques unités lithotectoniques du Massif Central français : implications géodynamiques." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10127.
Full textTouron, Stéphanie. "Empreintes géochimiques du métasomatisme mantellique sous le Massif Central, France." Saint-Etienne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STET4020.
Full textThe geological history of the Massif Central is complex, starting at the Hercynian time, continuing during the Cenozoic time with a mantle upwelling until Tertiary-Quaternary times with volcanic provinces emplacement. These processes can be observed in xenoliths. Peridotites from Devès and Velay Oriental display a large range of microstructure, modal compositions and can contain volatile bearing-phases, carbonated phase and glass, providing evidence for percolation and interaction between fluids and peridotites. They display large variations in trace-element contents within a same locality, even within a single sample. These variations cannot be correlated with microstructures, nor with the lithospheric depth of origin from about 27 to 54 km as estimated from equilibrium temperatures (800 to 1050°C). Amphibole shows an increasing enrichment in trace elements with their modal content. The calculated liquids in equilibrium with trace-element host minerals showed that the xenoliths are in equilibrium with alkali type magmas different from alkali host lavas. The depleted samples would require less than 5 % melting to be compatible with partial melting model. Isotopic compositions in O of silicates indicate disequilibria within a single sample, suggesting percolation of one or more fluids with a heavier O isotopic composition than the host peridotites. The isotopic compositions in Sr, Nd and Hf of cpx and amp show that the metasomatism affecting the peridotites is characterized by mixing between two sources: a depleted mantle type (DM) and an enriched mantle type (HIMU, EAR). The plume beneath the Massif Central is heterogeneous, explained by its complex geological history
Cubizolle, Hervé. "Fonctionnement et dynamique d'un système fluvial de moyenne montagne cristalline : le bassin de la Dore (Massif central français)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CLF20068.
Full textMéloux, Jean-Luc. "Etude morphopédologique des plateaux nord-occidentaux du Massif central : La Marche, Le Boischaut et le bocage Bourbonnais." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CLF20014.
Full textThis work focuses on the geology, geomorphology and soil cover of a piedmont region extending from the crystalline and metamorphic uplands of the massif central to the southern periphery of the paris basin. The marche, boischaut and bocage bourbonnais areas exhibit patches of cenozoic clayey and sandy alluvium, often preserved within small-sized basins. These are interpreted as remain of a formerly continuous outwash fan. Red palaesols are also encountered. The poor soils which have developed on this siliciclastic material raise serious land use and management problems for agriculture and forestry. These aspects call for an analysis of the successive stages of landscape development during which, from the palaeogene to the quaternary, denudation and deposition occured across the piedmont. Following a geographical overview of the region, the state of our current knowledge is reviewed from the available literature. This is followed by a sedimentological and palaeogeographical characterization of the different cenozoic deposits, and these are correlated with the main stages of landscape evolution. The mosaic of natural land systems is further outlined by an analysis of the soil types which were developed and preserved on this sedimentary parent material. Qualitative models of the natural landscape units are proposed. This pedo-geomorphological approach aims to define functional land units, assess land potential and on-site soil fertility. Land units are mapped at different scales with a view to establish a link between fundamental research and sustainable husbandry in deprived rural areas. This should provide concerned public and private partners with appropriate management guidelines
Besseyrias, Claire. "Identification des domaines aquifères sur socle cristallophyllien et volcanique hétérogène : approche hydrochimique (Socle oriental du Cézallier, Massif central français)." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20275.
Full textPulido, Avila Maria Guadalupe. "Conséquences de l’anthropisation sur la dynamique postglaciaire de la végétation dans le sud du Massif Central, France." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX30014.
Full textThe postglacial vegetation history in the south of Massif Central (France) was reconstructed using a multidisciplinary palaecological approach with (pollen and geochemical analyses). The main objectives were to evaluate the impact of past human activities on the long-term vegetation dynamics and to retrace the land uses for two sectors: the Cévennes National Parc and the Regional Parc of Haut Languedoc. The study of several peatlands delivered a vegetation history since the Atlantic period. In the two studied sectors, human activities were identified since the Neolithic period and were mainly attributed to pastoral activities, whereas agriculture was very limited. Then, agro-pastoral activities and deforestation became more important, reaching a peak at the end of the Roman period at the Mont Lozère and at the beginning of the Middle Ages for two sectors. The deforestations during the Iron Age at Mont Lozère have principally affected beech while in the Regional Parc of Haut Languedoc beech seems not to be affected during this period. At Mont Lozère, metallurgical lead activities were attested by several archaeological proofs. Multidisciplinary approach (pollen and geochemical analyses) of the Narses Mortes peatland shows two periods of metallurgical activities: the known Medieval one and a second older period: the Gabales metallurgy (Iron Age), which has not been already identified by archaeology and this is the first evidence for this metallurgy activities. Deforestation linked to metallurgical activities principally affected the beech
Morel, David. "Tailleurs de pierre, sculpteurs et maîtres d'oeuvre dans le Massif Central." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF20008.
Full textJulien, Robert. "Magmatologie des trois phases d'édification du massif du Mont-Dore (Massif Central, France) : données volcanologiques sur le site de Croizat." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112092.
Full textGazelle, François. "L'hydrologie du sud du Massif Central dans son environnement géographique." Bordeaux 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR30075.
Full textThe author considers a group of regions located in the south of the central highlands or massif central (france). Thus, this study is not presented as an ordinary monography, but rather as a synthesis of the relations between rainfall and flows, depending on the territories and seasons. Alternately generated by abundant rainfall from the ocean and the mediterranean, the flows reflect the pedological caracteristics of the hydrologic lands that elementary slope-basins are. Low waters and rises in water levels play a peculiar part and are carefully looked into in all their aspects
Charonnat, Xavier. "Les minéralisations aurifères tardi-hercyniennes des Cévennes (Massif central français) : cadre structural, gîtologie et modélisation 3D." Orléans, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ORLE2034.
Full textBourguignon, Anne. "Origine des formations paradérivées et orthodérivées acides du Limousin central : une source possible pour les leucogranites uranifères." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10126.
Full textMercier, Laurence. "Approche thermique de la collision continentale dans le Massif Central français : exemple des nappes de l'Artense." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10071.
Full textHoÿm, de Marien Luc de. "Évolution pression-température-temps des unités varisques de haute-pression de l'est du Massif Central : implications géodynamiques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1B056.
Full textThe Variscan belt in France is interpreted as a collisional orogen where crustal thickening and subsequent thermal relaxation account for most of the metamorphic and structural record. Detailed analysis of the relationships between metamorphism and deformation of ortho-gneisses, as well as petrologically constrained geochronology of mafic eclogites reveal : (i) an early high-temperature metamorphism demonstrated by partial melting of the eclogites close the peak P–T conditions at ~363 Ma; (ii) subsequent fast decompression followed by cooling dated at ~353 Ma; (iii) the retrograde metamorphic character of the deformation of most orthogneisses. The metamorphic and structural record are inferred to result from a switch of the dynamics of the subduction zone at the onset of subduction of small continental ribbons rather than from continental collision after the initial oceanic subduction
Wattinne, Aurélia. "Évolution d'un environnement carbonate lacustre à bioconstructions, en limagne bourbonnaise (Oligo-Miocène, Massif Central, France)." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MNHN0023.
Full textClimate and tectonic factors are the main ones that control the lacustrine sedimentation. Climatic variations are marked in the sedimentation by different vegetal and fauna associations, and different lithologies. Tectonic variations control the structuration of the basin, and influence the stromatolites repartition. The marls and limestones display deposition cycles, due to periodic climatic changes, like alternations of more or less humid periods. Associated stromatolites present various shapes, made of vegetal and fauna associations, and depending on their growth environment. The detail of their internal structure reveals the recording of chemical variations of the water, happening during the climatic changes. The calculations made on their speed of growth indicate that this one is fast and discontinuous. Stromatolites associations in the lacustrine environment can form plurimetrical built complexes, which record the evolution of the subsidence through time
Lerouge, Gilles. "Tectonogenèse comparée de deux segments de la chaine hercynienne : le Massif Central français septentrional et le Sud du Massif Armoricain." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112489.
Full textUlmann, Laurence. "La dimension environnementale de l'agriculture : la prime à l'herbe dans le Massif central." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF20005.
Full textEdouard, Jean-Charles. "Organisation et dynamique urbaines de la bordure septentrionale du Massif central : Auvergne, Limousin, Nivernais." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CLF20003.
Full textThe northern edge of the massif central is one of france's low density areas, and yet it is far from being the largely rural region often described in regional geographic surveys. The city unquestionably asserts its presence and the rates of urbanization are very close to national averages (75%). However the still predominantly rural mountain zones - combraille, plateau de millevaches, monts d'auvergne. . . - must be clearly differentiated from the low lands the valleys and main traffic corridors - whose population rates compare to those of the densely populated countries of northern europe with more than 80% city dwellers. This region is thus perfectly integrated into urban france. The population growth of these cities is comparable to that of other french cities, with the highest expansion mainly in the larger cities - clermont-ferrand and limoges. Nor is there any particular functional backwardness; indeed, the division of the population according to the different socioprofessional categories such as defined by insee is also close to that of other french cities of similar size. Of a type with urban france, the northern part of the massif central is also characterized by a clearly ordered system with each urban level represented, allowing efficient servicing of the whole region. In fact the different populations of auvergne, limousin or nivernais have remarkably easy access to a wide range of tertiary facilities with few communication obstacles. The rational organization of space is evident in the region's conformity to the great theoretical models -christaller and reilly. Here in fact is a nearly perfect christallerian network, but its evolution raises many problems and conflicting issues. Indeed, a phenomenon of regional metropolization can be seen through the spontaneous strengthening of each metropolis of the northern massif central on its zone of influence. But at the same time, the cities' influence is gradually dwindling in the french urban network due to the concentration of the rarer services in the major urban centres deemed large enough to be likely to achieve "european size". The future of the urban network in the northern massif central will depend on the two cities developing a deliberate policy of town and country planning which can reconcile two apparently contradictory objectives : a balanced distribution of services and transport within the
Mercuzot, Mathilde. "Reconstitutions paléoenvironnementales et paléoclimatiques en contexte tardi-orogénique : cas des bassins fini-carbonifères à permiens du nord-est du Massif central, France." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1B021.
Full textThe end of the Palaeozoic is witness to major internal and external geodynamic modifications, materialised both by the end of the accretion of Pangaea and the beginning of its dismantling, and by a major climatic transition, from an icehouse to a greenhouse mode on a vegetated Earth, with a structuring of the biosphere analogous to the present one. Given these major modifications, palaeoenvironmental changes are recorded in the late Carboniferous to Permian late-orogenic sedimentary basins, such as in Western Europe, and particularly in France, in the north-eastern part of the Massif Central, constituting a remnant of the Variscan orogeny. At present, these basins are difficult to study because of their incomplete preservation, and are mainly available through subsurface data, with rare outcrops. In addition, the geochronological framework in which they occur is relatively unconstrained. This work aims at re-evaluating all available data: the first step was to improve the geochronological framework of the sedimentary series by U-Pb dating on altered volcanic ash layers interbedded in siliciclastic sediments, in order to accurately place these basins in the geodynamic context. Obtained ages are centered on the Carboniferous-Permian boundary and the early Permian. The sedimentological setting was then clarified, highlighting mainly subaquatic (lakes and deltas) and sometimes subaerial deposits (floodplains), with well-preserved coal and organic matter-rich levels, indicating a relatively humid climate. A more developed study on organic matter clarified the depositional environment evolution and highlighted local perturbations in carbon and nitrogen cycles. Mineralogical characterisation of clay assemblages highlighted local variations in continental runoff over time. Finally, to characterise the high-frequency temporal framework, a cyclostratigraphic study was carried out, highlighting an astronomical-cycle control on the sedimentation, placing basin filling processes in a larger-scale climatic setting. Reference sections are now available for the Carboniferous–Permian transition in the Western European continental realm, studied using a multi-proxy approach, the results of which reflect local to global-scale palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic conditions
Jaillet, Joëlle. "Reconnaissance hydrogéologique en région de socle par l'analyse de tarissements de bassins versants et d'essais sur forages (Ouest du Massif central, France)." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20002.
Full textPoupon, Manuel. "Les altérations hydrothermales associées aux amas sulfurés de Chessy et de Sain Bel (Paléozoïque, série de la Brévenne, Massif Central français)." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066404.
Full textHamel, Laïd. "L'amas sulfuré cuprifère de Valtorte (Beaujolais méridional, Massif Central français) : un gite de skarn en contexte carbonaté d'âge viséen." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO11761.
Full textLévêque, Marie-Hélène. "Contribution de la géochronologie U-Pb à la caractérisation du magmatisme cadomien de la partie Sud-Est du Massif Central et du gisement d'uranium associé de Bertholène." Montpellier 2, 1990. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01670335.
Full textDubuc, Sylvie. "Les facteurs géographiques du dynamisme rural : une exploration en Aveyron et en Lozère." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010640.
Full textGardien, Véronique. "Evolutions P-T et structures associées dans l'Est du Massif Central français : un exemple de l'évolution thermomécanique de la chaîne paléozoi͏̈que." Grenoble 1, 1990. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01755822/document.
Full textWang, Hua. "Dynamique sédimentaire, structuration et houillification dans le bassin houiller stéphanien des Cévennes." Dijon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991DIJOS044.
Full textLauginie, Antoine. "Nouvelle dynamique rurale et représentation des formes d'organisation de l'espace en zone rurale fragile. : Proposition d'une approche par le réseau des voies de communication locale." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA070023.
Full textA new rural dynamic is trend asserting in some low populated areas. Demographic and socio-economic evolutions take place in a context of deep transformation of rural space functions. This new rural dynamic involves some specific spatial organization forms. A renewal of traditional land use analysis methods is in this context necessary. The modelling of the local communication network (roads and paths) is put forward. In deed, circulation is a fundamental element in spatial organization processes in the new rural dynamic. An original method, based on an analysis of the density of relations between roads, is developing in order to propose a way to represent land use and its evolution through a model of local communication network. This model is a tool for a synthesis and dynamic approach of land use in a context of a great diversity of uses
Bündgen, Sidonie. "Peuplement, cultures et gestion de l'espace dans le Forez, de la préhistoire à l'antiquité." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA1009.
Full textGeographical and historical entity, the Forez is located at the eastern part of the french Massif central and is almost including the whole Loire department. It is composed by a middle mountain and an alluvial plain, towards which flows the Loire river. Through a multiscalar territorial approach, the interactions between men and these differents geographical sectors has been studied. The archaeological map of the department had been updated with the new discoveries of the latest archaeological operations and with the datas of the Prehistory and of the first part of the Protohistory, previously not taken on account. In order to complete the bibliographical ressearch, some pedestrian surveys has been led on the smallest windows of the multiscalar study. Thanks to these works and to the analysis of the numerous lithic industries and potteries, an history of the human settlement in the Loire department can be proposed. They also give an idea of the landscape management and of the cultural aspects in the Forez through the centuries. There are two main results. The first one is the prime importance part played by the river for every men’s cultural aspects. In fact, human implantation is mostly established near the river in the open country, and it’s only during the more intensive periods of settlement that the piedmont and the hills of the monts du Forez are truly colonised. The second point shows the privilegied connections between the Forez and the areas of the North-East of France. That’s the reasons why we can say that the river’s flow had led the whole human settlements during more than 400 centuries
Razafimahefa, Narison. "Granites et leucogranites alumineux du nord-est du Massif de Millevaches (Massif Central français) : Pétrologie, géochimie et synthèse cartographiques." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10236.
Full textLegrand, Philippe. "Populations d'armillaires dans des hêtraies du Massif Central. Développement d'Armillaria Ostoyae (Romognesi) Herink." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30044.
Full textZangan, Nawal. "Geochemical variations in mantle xenoliths from Ray Pic, Massif Central, France." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309466.
Full textDuranel, Arnaud. "Hydrologie et modélisation hydrologique des tourbières acides du Massif Central (France)." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSES012/document.
Full textThis thesis identifies, quantifies and models water fluxes within the Dauges National Nature Reserve, an acidic valley mire in the French Massif Central. A range of techniques were used to investigate the nature and geometry of granite weathering formations and of peat deposits. Rainfall, reference evapotranspiration, stream discharge, stream stage, groundwater table depths and piezometric heads were monitored over a three-year period. The distributed, physics-based hydrological model MIKE SHE / MIKE 11 was used to model water flow within the mire and its catchment. lt was shown that the mire is mostly fed by groundwater flowing within the densely fissured granite zone and upwelling through the peat deposits. Upwelling to the peat layer and see page to overland flow were highest along the mire boundaries. However hydrological functioning differs from this general conceptual model in some locations due to the high variability of the peat hydraulic characteristics, the presence of highly permeable alluvial deposits of past human interference including drainage. The equivalent porous medium approach used to mode groundwater flow within the fissured granite zone gave satisfactory results : the model was able to reproduce discharge at several locations within the high-relief catchment and groundwater table depth in most monitoring points. Sensitivity analyses showed that the specific yield and horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the fissured zone are the parameter to which simulated stream discharge and groundwater table depth, including in peat, are most sensitive. The model was forced with new vegetation pararneters to assess the potential impacts of changes in catchment land use on the mire hydrological conditions. Replacement of the broad leaf woodlands that currently cover most of the catchment with conifer plantations would lead to a substantial reduction in surface and groundwater intlows to the mire and to a substantial drop in summer groundwater table depths, particularly along the mire margins
Pelfrêne, Aurélie. "Spéciation des métaux traces (Cd., Cu, Pb, Zn) dans les eaux d'un Planosol non pollué (Massif Central, France)." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR4008.
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Bordessoule, Éric. "Les "montagnes" du Massif central : espaces pastoraux et transformations du milieu rural dans les monts d'Auvergne." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF20073.
Full textThe subject of this studie is the pastoral life in volcanic mountain's of massif central. After the great crisis, in the sixties, the system of "mountain" producing milk and cheese was replaced by cattle rearin g. This new economy of pasture mountains is based on the development of a cattle rearing systel on which the staple prod uce is the one year old calf (called "broutard"), together with the intensification in the milk areas and a new "transhu mance" wave strating from the aveyron in particular. The pastoral field has not a lot decreased in surface and there has being little change in the structures of farmings apart from the creation of "cooperation" or the buying of pastures by the aveyron reares. However, the links between mountains and staple farming are becoming more complex and today, the system seems to be frag ile and the risks of a partial pastoral neglect are numerous. In 1988, for the first time, the hirstock sent on to pastures decreased. Beside the fact that many economical or climatical problems seem to be linked with the present conjoncture, a lastinger crisis should be considered as, the crea tion of milk quotas, the decline of meat currency, the burden of financial obligations and the fact that a lot of financ ial obligations and the fact a lot of lands is being abandonned around the farms will probably result in a reduction of the practice of pasture
Thiéry, Vincent. "Métamorphismes et déformations des séries cristallophylliennes du Chavanon, de la Sioule et d’Ussel (Massif Central français) : Discussion du modèle de nappes du Massif Central." Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA2030.
Full textThe Chavanon, Sioule and Ussel metamorphic sequences are located in the center part of the French Massif Central and are thus a key area for the understanding of this inner part of the variscan belt of western Europe. Their inverted metamorphism is usually explained by a single Devonian nappe stacking event. Afterwards, a set of strike-slip regional shear-zones affect this stack of nappes. This work presents a comparison between the different sequences thanks to numerous new field and geochronological data. The succession of the deformation events is as follows : 1) a D1 event which is characterised by a S1 strongly dipping anatectic foliation, 2) a D2 event during which the S1 foliation is reworked by a flat amphibolite-facies S2 foliation which is more and more penetrative towards the basis of the sequences, 3) the sequences are affected by large-scale strike-slip shear zones as the la Courtine one for example. The new geochronological data argue for a polyphased succession of metamorphism and deformations. Viewed in a more global geodynamical model, those data are in agreement with an extrusive structure within 2 awls. The discussion points out the problems in the nappe model that prevailed
Fourment, Nathalie. "La question des sols et niveaux d'habitat du Paléolithique supérieur au Mésolithique : développement d'approches méthodologiques pour l'analyse spatiale de quatre sites entre Massif central et Pyrénées." Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20017.
Full textSpatial analyses in settlements generally allows a reconstruction of human activities. However, all prehistoric sites, because of differences in formation process (open-air site, cave or rockshelter, single occupation site) do not permit this type of research. The study of the solutrean levels from Cuzoul de Vers (Lot), the epipaleolithic open-air site of Cardonnier (Auribail, Haute-Garonne), yhe epipaleolithic sequence from Grotte gazel (Sallès-Cabardès, Aude), and the magdalenian, azilian, sauveterrian levels from Troubat involves an appliactiono different spatial analysis methods in order to better understand the nature of artifacts'accumulation and settlement organisation. Fabric analysis (Troubat) allows an evaluation of the deposit's conservation while different analysis of stratigraphic distributions show clearly the archaeological composition of the deposit and the spatial organisation of the artifacts. Lithic refitting gives informations about the spatial organisation of human occupation and indicates the existence of vertical disturbances. The study of habitation structures is essential because, this kind of evidence reflects the structuration of settlements and represents the localised conservation of an occupation floor. Using these different methods of analysis permits an evaluation of their capabilities, interests and limits; so, suggestions for improvements can be made. Comparing the result obtained from the analysed sites with other sites included in the same geographical and cultural context is difficult because few of them have been studied using such analysis. Nevertheless, there are some trends in the variation of the recurrence and the intensity of the occupation during these different cultural periods. This kind of research qualifies the distinction between different cultural phases in a stratigraphy and gives general informations about prehistoric settlements. So, it may be desirable to expand it to additional archaeological fields
Dérioz, Pierre. "Friches et terres marginales en basse et moyenne montagne : revers sud-oriental du Massif central." Avignon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AVIG1002.
Full textThis research, dealing with areas abandoned by agriculture, shows the stakes and ambiguities of the different literature developped on the topic of fallow lands and on the dangers they are supposed to entail for rural landscapes. Beyond problems of definition of these marginal lands and uncertainties about statistical results - from 2. 5 to 5. 4 millions of hectares, according to different inventories -, fallow lands are studied in their full diversity : diversity of causes, mechanisms and situations of land abandonment, diversity of the real estate statutes, diversity of thelandscapes and the ecollogical evolutions. In two areas of small and medium-sized mountains, on mediterranean margins, where fallow lands and agricultural decline have been operating for a long time (boutieres ardechoises, occidental high-languedoc), Two complementary ways of research try to point out such a diversity : the first one analyses the place of marginal lands in the farming concerns' areas and strategies, and their functions, espacially pastoral ones. Prospects of succession of the farmers, and also phenomenons of agricultural recovering of abandoned lands (quality vineyards) showing the ever possible reversibility of the processes, are particularly emphasized. The second method, closely linked to the previous one, deals with vegetation and landscape dynamics of the marginal lands, especially ex-vineyards and chestnut orchards, where anthropic influences remain strong. This work finally insists on the non-agricultural uses of the marginal lands, attempting to distinguish those abandoned for a long time from those which are going to quickly recover other functions such as reforestation, recreation, urban development. . . These new functions are sometimes sources of conflicts when they bring many social actors (animal breeders, hunters, foresters. . . ) in the same area
Vergne, Virginie. "L'évolution tardiglaciaire et holocène d'un piedmont de moyenne montagne cristalline : l'Artense (Massif Central, France)." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010613.
Full textIn the time of the Wurmian maximum, the volcanic massifs in the Auvergne were extensively covered with ice and turned into a glacier on the piedmont in the Artense. The current data of biological climate, in addition to the tests carried out on pollen rains enable us to understand some of the present ecological components previous to our study of the geomorphological and paleobotanical data of the successive stages in the ice-retreat and in the evolution of the piedmont until the holocene. The basis for the regional pollen analysis lies in the study of ten peat-bogs - including seven new lateglacial epoch - and can prove even more accurate with the help of eleven 14c-datings and tephrochronological analysis. The lateglacial epoch offers in a usual succession the lower dryas, then bolling-allerod, and finally the upper dryas. An attempt at drawing comparisons between the geomorphological data and the paleobotanical ones is now at hand. We must also keep in mind the consequences of human influence in our study of the recent palaeoecology in the Piedmont
Decobecq, Dominique. "Approche pétrologique du réservoir magmatique du Massif du Mont-Doré par les enclaves associées." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112319.
Full textThe study of plutonic enclaves associated with volcanic rocks in the Mont-Dore volcanic massif, has allowed to give a better definition of each of the structural levels beneath the stratovolcano. The Mont-Dore volcano, stricto sensu, presents several enclave families: cumulative enclaves located outside the "caldera" of the Mont-Dore; they are interpreted as originating directly from the volcano's magma chamber; non-cumulative enclaves found within the caldera: they are interpreted as coming from a sub-volcanic domain; - enclaves in tephrites produces by flowage-differenciation. The Sancy enclaves are distinct from those of the Mont-Dore volcano; two different types of enclaves have been observed: basic enclaves (without a cumulate texture) having crystallized very quickly, - and a monzonitic type of enclaves. By mineralogical studies, the location of the sub volcanic domain of the Mont-Dore has been determined at 0. 8 kb -2. 5 km-, outcroping plutonic dykes, in the Northern area of the Mont-Dore (site of Lusclade) are good evidences for the shallow level of emplacement. Moreover, by mineralogical studies in conjunction with chemical studies of trace-elements, a magma chamber is evidenced at not too great depths (8 km), where a differentiation process occurs from a monzonitic primary magma by fractionation of amphiboles, pyroxenes and plagioclases. The daly gap which exists at the benmoreitic step in the volcanic series of Mont-Dore disappears when considering also the plutonic series; the whole suite forms a complete alkaline series where the daly gap corresponds to a silica-undersaturated monzonite liquid which yielded bath differentated liquids and cumulate formations. No Sancy enclave is issued directly from the magma chamber; all these enclaves have been produced by rapid high-temperature crystallization under a low H20-pressure