Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dioses romanos'

Ce travail se propose de saisir les mécanismes langagiers qui permettent de rendre compte du sens dans les romans de Daniel Biayaoula, Fatou Diome et Léonora Miano. L’analyse du discours est l’approche autour de laquelle s’articule notre recherche. L’oeuvre romanesque repose sur une hétérogénéité d’indices que l’énonciation permet de relever pour mieux examiner son organisation. Dès lors, notre étude se divise en deux parties. Le premier point a pour thème, « La scène d’énonciation : motif révélateur du fonctionnement de la société ». Il analyse les éléments du discours en rapport avec le contexte social, culturel, littéraire et politique de l’Afrique et de la France. Il ressort de là que les personnages sont assujettis par les pratiques coutumières, religieuses et culturelles actualisées dans l’espace romanesque. La deuxième partie s’intitule « Le mode d’inscription énonciatif des personnages dans le tissu textuel » et elle s’intéresse particulièrement aux dispositifs de communication qui déterminent les caractéristiques des personnages. A partir d’éléments langagiers, la présente section se propose de voir à partir de l’organisation des structures textuelles, comment l’énonciation définit les personnages
This work aims at dispalying the language mechanisms used by Daniel Biyaoula, Fatou Diome and Léonora Miano in their novels in order to convey the meaning. It higens on the discourse analysis. The work of fiction lies a diversity of clues that the enunciation underlines and helps better examine the organization.Therefore, our study is divided into parts. The first theme is, « The scene of enunciation: pattern indicative of the functioning of society ». It analyzes the elements of speech in connection with the social, cultural, literary and political context of Africa and France. It appears from this that the characters are subjected by customary, religious and cultural practrice updated in the space in the novel. The second part is entitled « The enunciative registration method of the characters in the textual frabric » and it is particularly interested in communication devices that determine the characteristics of thecharacters. From language elements, this section proposes to see from the organization of textual structures, how the enunciation defines the characters

This thesis is a historical and historiographical commentary on Book 57 (Chs. 1-17.8) of Cassius Dio's Roman History. It comprises two sections, an Introduction followed by the Commentary itself. The introduction is sub-divided into three chapters. The first of these introductory chapters (The Roman Historian at Work) presents a discussion of the historical material available for Dio's Tiberian narrative, and a discussion of the factors which were instrumental in Dio's writing and shaping his narrative of the reign of Tiberius. The second chapter (Dio on Tiberius) is an analysis of Dio's portrayal of Tiberius and of the historian’s understanding of Tiberius in the historical context of the early Principate. These chapters are followed by some brief Notes on the Text of Book 57, which considers the manuscript tradition of Book 57, and comments on portrayal of the reign of Tiberius in the Dionian tradition, and in particular the Excerpta Constantiniana, Xiphilinus, and Zonaras. The second part of the thesis, the commentary, presents an analysis of Dio's narrative from both historical and historiographical perspectives.

This study analyses two non-western novels used in the subject of Swedish in upper secondary school: Fatou Diomes The Belly of the Atlantic and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichies Half a Yellow Sun. Looking at how the books female main character relate to Stuart Halls theory of cultural identity, I come to the conclusion that they somewhat differently relate to an essential ”authentic” self. Salie talks explicit about a generic African soul that she possesses. Olanna never talks about anything ”authentic”, but her narrative and contrary subject positions can be read as a way of demasking her European ”white” self in favour of a truer Igbo self. I also come to the conclusion that both novels use themes of alienation related to gender structures and positioned westernness and that this kind of reading could contribute to interesting classroom discussions about a dynamic interpretation on culture and identity.

La recherche proposée envisage les modalités de formation des territoires ecclésiastiques entre le Ve et le XIIIe siècledans les diocèses de Rennes, Dol et Alet/Saint-Malo. Le choix centré sur trois diocèses de haute Bretagne se justifie enraison de leur localisation à la rencontre de deux systèmes théorisés d’organisation ecclésiastique entre, d’une part, l’évêché de Rennes de tradition gallo-franque et, d’autre part, les évêchés d’Alet/Saint-Malo et de Dol, lesquels auraient évolué sous l’influence de l’Église dite « celtique » jusqu’au IXe siècle, dans le cadre de l’émigration bretonne à l’ouest de la Vilaine. Dans le premier modèle, les structures ecclésiastiques hériteraient des circonscriptions civiles antiques, tandis que dans l’espace breton, l’Église se définirait davantage en termes communautaires que territoriaux. En se fondant sur les données textuelles et l’archéologie, en particulier des sites funéraires et du bâti religieux, l’objet de l’étude est de montrer que l’Église n’a pas toujours entretenu le même rapport à l’espace, tant en zone bretonne que franque. Ce futseulement au tournant des XIe-XIIe siècles, dans le contexte de la Réforme grégorienne, que l’Église s’imposa comme une institution très temporelle, ayant vocation à prendre en charge le siècle. La création des paroisses, du diocèse et des cadres intermédiaires (archidiaconés et doyennés) s’inscrit alors dans une dynamique unitaire : celle de l’affirmation de l’évêque comme pouvoir autonome, qui, en tant que seul dispensateur du sacré sur terre, exerçait une autorité spirituelle supérieure sur les églises et les clercs relevant de sa juridiction
Our work aimed to understand the formation of ecclesiastical territories of Rennes, Dol and Alet/Saint-Malo dioceses between the fifth and thirteenth centuries. Our focus on these three dioceses of Haute Bretagne is justified by thecrossroads between two theorised systems of ecclesiastical organisation. On the one hand, the Episcopal see of Rennes originated from gallo-frankish tradition and, on the other hand, Episcopal sees of Alet/Saint-Malo and Dol which evolved until ninth century due to the Celtic Church, in the framework of Breton emigration west of the Vilaine. In the first model, ecclesiastical structures were inherited from antique civil districts, contrary to the second model where the Church wasestablished following criteria that were more based on community than territory. Based on textual analysis and archaeology, especially from funeral sites and religious buildings, we intend to show that Church, in the Breton zone as in the Frankish zone, did not always have the same relationship to space. It was only between the eleventh and twelfth centuries, in the context of Gregorian Reform that Church emerged as a temporal institution, dedicated to taking charge of population. The creation of parishes, diocese, archdeaconries and deaneries followed the same dynamics: the affirmation of bishop as an autonomous power, who, as holder of sacredness, have exerted a spiritual authority beyond that exerted by churches or clerics dependents on his jurisdiction

Cette thèse tend à mettre en lumière l'émergence de l'architecture romane et de ses formes, dès le XIe siècle, ainsi que les mutations qui sont intervenues au tournant du siècle suivant, dans les anciens diocèses de Bordeaux et de Bazas. Ces recherches s'inscrivent dans le cadre d'un programme plus vaste, qui englobe la partie méridionale de l'ancienne Aquitaine. Il s'agit de mettre en exergue les transformations ayant eu lieu lors de cette période charnière, à savoir le passage de formes parfois dites « archaïques » à celles qui témoignent d'un art roman épanoui, en essayant de comprendre les choix des bâtisseurs de ce temps, ainsi que les influences ayant présidé à leurs réalisations. Cette approche considère à la fois une série d'édifices modestes qui ont permis de réaliser un corpus de référence, dans lequel s'inscrivent aussi les monuments bordelais de plus grande importance, tels que les églises Saint-Seurin et Sainte-Croix ou la cathédrale Saint-André. Nous tentons de porter un regard nouveau sur les édifices inventoriés dans la région, en nous intéressant non seulement au style mais aussi aux techniques, afin d'en renouveler l'approche. A cet effet, les matériaux et leur mise en œuvre ont été pris en considération et quelques méthodes propres à l’archéologie du bâti ont été employées afin d’apporter des éléments supplémentaires à l’analyse. Plusieurs études régionales ont fait l'objet de recherches aux finalités similaires ces dernières années et nous nous inscrivons pleinement dans cette démarche. Nous espérons ainsi développer notre connaissance de la production architecturale romane en Gironde et contribuer à une vision d'ensemble des manifestations de la création au sein de la partie méridionale de l'ancienne Aquitaine
This thesis aims to highlight the emergence of romanesque architecture in its various forms. It started in the XIth century, as well as the transformations which occurred during the beginning of the XIIth century, in the former dioceses of Bordeaux and Bazas. Our work is part of a larger research program that includes the southern part of the former Aquitaine area. It consists in highlighting the changes that happened during this pivotal period, that is to say the transition from the so-called “archaic” architectural forms to those that exemplify romanesque art in all its glory. We will try to understand the choices made by the builders at the time and the influences that guided these choices. Our approach will consider a set of modest buildings which will allow us to form a reference corpus, but also some of Bordeaux’s greatest monuments like the churches of Saint-Seurin and Sainte-Croix, and obviously the cathedral of Saint-André. We will try to take a fresh look on the buildings listed, by taking into consideration not only the style but also the building techniques employed, in order to renew the approach, thanks to an analysis grid of buildings. For this purpose, materials have been taken into consideration. Several regional studies have been the subject of similar research in the last few years, and we are fully involved in this approach. We hope, therefore, to improve our knowledge of romanesque architecture in Gironde, and to contribute to an overview of this type of construction in the southern part of the former Aquitaine area

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Línguas, Literaturas e Culturas, variante em Estudos Românicos: Textos e Contextos
objectivo da presente Dissertação consiste em comparar dois romances, um do autor moçambicano Mia Couto e outro da escritora senegalesa Fatou Diome, destacando a problemática da identidade cultural. Do ponto de vista temático, as identidades das personagens principais manifestam-se ambíguas, oscilando entre a tradição e a modernidade. Na obra de Mia Couto, a desestabilização dos sistemas identitários tem a ver com a construção de uma sociedade nova em Moçambique pós-colonial. Por seu lado, no romance de Fatou Diome, a questão da identidade relaciona-se com a diáspora senegalesa em França, em consequência dos fluxos migratórios e do fenómeno da globalização. No que diz respeito aos aspectos formais, o conflito identitário revela-se também no modo representativo, ou seja, na linguagem literária dos dois escritores. Trata-se de discursos que apostam numa renovação genológica e expressiva, diferenciando-se dos modelos do cânone ocidental. Metodologicamente, a análise das obras é feita com o recurso a conceitos do domínio dos Estudos Culturais e das teorias pós-coloniais.

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This paper explore some issues experienced within the Roman Catholic Diocese of Santo André, located in the region known as the largest industrial park of Latin America, ABC Paulista, at the metropolitan area of the city of Sao Paulo, between 1964 and 1980, period of Civil-Military Dictatorship in Brazil. For this analysis, we considered social initiatives discussed, above all, from the Second Vatican Council, and with more vehemence, in Latin America, in the meetings of the Episcopal Conferences of Medellin, 1968, and Puebla, 1979. Based on actions promoted by Don Jorge Marcos de Oliveira and Don Claudio Hummes, we have tried to go through important historical moments about the struggle of the workers of the region and the support offered by the Catholic Church, through its movements, in a period of economic recession, social problems, political repression and intolerance by the Brazilian State. To understand this context, we get support on historical and critical reading about the period, documents that retains vestiges of that time, subject who lived their experiences that time and pastoral guidance documents from the Catholic Church The Don Jorge Marcos de Oliveira and Don Claudio Hummes initiatives influenced the actions of the working class in ABC Paulista and participated in the process of reorganization of labor unions in the late 1970’s, resulting in big strike movements that, therefore, reflected in the process of political opening
O presente trabalho explora algumas das questões vivenciadas no âmbito da Diocese de Santo André, localizada na região, então, conhecida como o maior parque industrial da América Latina, no ABC Paulista, zona metropolitana do Estado de São Paulo, entre os anos de 1964 e 1980, período de Ditadura Civil-Militar no Brasil. Para esta análise, consideramos as iniciativas sociais discutidas, sobretudo, a partir do Concílio Vaticano II, e com mais veemência na América Latina, nos encontros das Conferências Episcopais de Medellín, em 1968 e Puebla, em 1979. Partindo da atuação das figuras de Dom Jorge Marcos de Oliveira e Dom Cláudio Hummes, procuramos percorrer momentos históricos importantes para a luta dos trabalhadores da região e o apoio que a Igreja pode oferecer através de seus movimentos, num período de recessão econômica, problemas sociais, repressão e intolerância do Estado Brasileiro. Para compreender este contexto, nos apoiamos na leitura histórica e crítica sobre o período, documentos que conservam resquícios desta época, em experiências de sujeitos que viveram este tempo e nos documentos de orientação pastoral da Igreja Católica. As iniciativas de D. Jorge Marcos de Oliveira e Dom Claudio Hummes influenciaram a ação da classe operária no ABC Paulista e participaram do processo de reorganização sindical em fins da década de 1970, resultando nas grandes movimentações grevistas e que, consequentemente, refletiram no processo de abertura política

L'étude présentée est le résultat d'un inventaire des établissements prieuraux présents dans les anciens diocèses de Chalon et Mâcon, étroitement dépendants de la métropole de Lyon. Cet ensemble territorial correspond à l'axe de l'ancien royaume de Bourgogne.Sur les 183 prieurés retenus, il n'y en a que 69 relevant de Cluny, tous les autres appartenant à d'autres familles monastiques ou canoniales de l'ordre de Saint Augustin. La majorité de ces prieurés est l'objet d'une primo-occurrence dans les sources à la jonction des IXe Xe siècles. Les données récoltées ont permis d'établir une carte d'implantation en format poster annexée à la thèse, et un répertoire des sources qui sont en majorité manuscrites en latin. Les prieurés ont construit 200 églises ou chapelles. Les unes étaient réservées à l'usage exclusif des moines, les autres avaient une fonction mixte partagée avec les paroisses. L'étude sur le terrain a porté sur les aspects architecturaux extérieurs et intérieurs, les décors sculptés des chapiteaux et bas-reliefs ou tympans, ainsi que les fresques les plus significatives des 99 édifices restés debout. La vie interne des prieurés est rythmée par la prière régulière des heures canoniales. Il a eté possible de comparer plusieurs manuscrits liturgiques, dont le bréviaire de Saint-Victor-sur-Rhins, aux enluminures célèbres. L'origine sociale des moines, moniales et chanoines est majoritairement issue des familles féodales environnantes qui représentent également les parents à l'origine des plus nombreuses et riches donations. On a également trouvé l'intervention de milieux bourgeois, d'agriculteurs aisés et également quelques serfs. Le respect des règles et coutumes officielles s'associe à un vœu de stabilité qui interdit le passage des moines et chanoines d'une dépendance abbatiale à une autre. On a la preuve d'une coopération de ces clercs réguliers avec les prêtres séculiers dans la cura animarum des fidèles et dans l'encadrement des pèlerinages locaux nombreux et bien identifiés dans les bienfaits attendus par les pratiquants. Les prieurés sont souvent entourés par des enceintes et fortifications ou directement installés dans des châteaux que les moines construisent ou achètent. Ces constructions conçues à l'origine à titre de protection vis-à-vis des féodaux accapareurs transforment les prieurs en seigneurs ecclésiastiques peu différents des laïcs sur le plan juridique. Ils pratiquent rarement des affranchissements, mais exercent leurs droits, semble-t-il, avec plus de souplesse. Les moines et chanoines n'ont pas pratiqué de défrichement, car pour l'essentiel, celui-ci avait été réalisé en période gallo- romaine. Ils sont à l'origine d'aménagements ruraux par la création de chemins, ponts, canaux pour moulins et pêcheries.Tout en favorisant la culture de la vigne, ils ont gardé un équilibre avec la céréaliculture, l'élevage et l'exploitation des forêts. Des documents précis permettent de relever des écarts de conduite par rapport aux règles monastiques et canoniales. Il s'agit essentiellement de l'appât du gain, de vols, d'incontinence et concubinage, de non récitation des heures canoniales, de voies de fait envers des confrères ou des supérieurs. Ces fautes sont relativement rares, comparativement à cellesconnues dans d'autres diocèses. Le recensement de l'effectif global des moines et des chanoines donne un nombre évolutif total variant entre 580 et 720 personnes. Une tendance à la strate inférieure est surtout liée aux conséquences de la peste noire et de la guerre de cent ans au XIVe siècle. Ce siècle est également celui de la papauté d'Avignon puis du grand schisme d'occident. Cette période est marquée par le désordre lié à la nomination de prieurs attachés au pontife avignonnais, mais plus soucieux de percevoir les revenus des prieurés que d'en assurer l'entretien et la direction spirituelle.

La présente thèse étudie la vie des héroi͏̈nes et les dures épreuves que l'écrivain leur fait endurer. C'est ce que nous appelons le "chemin de croix". Antonio Gala nous propose d'abord l'image d'une "perfecta casada", née dans la période franquiste, mariée vierge et concevant le mariage comme indissoluble pour ensuite faire basculer sa vie et en faire une autre femme. Malgré des ressemblances entre le parcours initiatique des héroi͏̈nes vers leur "libération" et l'évolution de la condition de la femme espagnole contemporaine, l'empreinte galienne marque inlassablement le "chemin de croix" des héroi͏̈nes d'embûches, de souffrances, où la mort règne en maître, emportant non seulement des personnages secondaires mais également la majorité des héroi͏̈nes elles-mêmes. Dans le premier volume, la thèse présente les prolégomènes avec des éléments bibliographiques de l'auteur et les résumés des romans étudiés. Ensuite, l'analyse est divisée en deux parties, Une première partie étudie la condition de l'héroi͏̈ne - avec le poids de son milieu socioculturel, de ses croyances et de ses aspirations - peu avant que sa vie bascule et une deuxième partie étudie la présence de la mère et de la mort, le changement d'espace, l'onomastique et la clôture en rapport avec le développement du "chemin de croix". Un entretien inédit avec Antonio Gala et une bibliographie exhaustive de celui-ci figurent dans le deuxième volume de cette étude.

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A segunda metade do século XX foi marcada por transformações sociais e culturais muito intensas. No cenário religioso a Igreja Católica Romana promoveu um evento que revolucionou o seu posicionamento frente aos fiéis. O Concílio Vaticano II foi responsável por mudanças no catolicismo e ao seu término, causou uma crise de identidade em seu corpo clerical motivando um grande número de evasões, seminários fechados e abandono da batina. A crise dos padres fez com que a Igreja perdesse muitos homens. As motivações para a crise foram várias: perda de status, ascensão da modernidade, perseguição aos ideais comunistas, Teologia da Libertação e a maior de toda a manutenção do celibato obrigatório. Este trabalho que ora se apresenta tem como objetivo discutir o contexto dos anos de 1960 e 1970 no cenário da Igreja Católica Romana no cariri cearense buscando perceber como se deu a crise dos padres na Diocese do Crato-CE. A partir da análise do jornal A Ação buscamos analisar como a crise foi noticiada e vivenciada pela Diocese cratense além de percebermos como se deu a perseguição aos comunistas. Ao avaliar as cartas pastorais de Dom Vicente, bispo da época, percebemos suas recomendações ao seu clero durante esse momento de crise na Igreja. Os nossos interlocutores foram de extrema importância por contarmos suas experiências de vida sacerdotal. Assim, a memória foi utilizada na tentativa de resgatar um passado nem tão distante. Desta forma, como aporte teórico nos apoiou a História Cultural a partir dos conceitos de representação e identidade.
The second half of the twentieth century was marked by very intense social and cultural transformations, Religious landscape in the Roman Catholic Church promoted an event that revolutionized its position relative to the faithful. The Second Vatican Council was responsible for changes in Catholicism and at the end, caused an identity crisis in his clerical body motivating a large number of evasions, closed seminars and abandonment of his cassock. The crisis of the priests made the Church lost many men. The reasons for the crisis were many: loss of status, the rise of modernity, persecution of communist ideals, liberation theology, and most of all maintenance of mandatory celibacy. This work presented here aims to discuss the context of the 1960s and 1970s in the setting of the Roman Catholic Church in Ceará cariri trying to discern how was the crisis of priests in the Diocese of Crato - CE. From the analysis of the paper we analyze the action as the crisis was reported and experienced by cratense Diocese besides realizing how was the persecution of communists. In assessing the pastoral letters of Don Vicente, bishop of the time, we realize its recommendations to its clergy during this time of crisis in the Church. Our interlocutors were of utmost importance for count their experiences of priestly life. Thus, the memory was used in an attempt to rescue a not so distant past. Thus, as the theoretical supported in Cultural History from the concepts of representation and identity.

La pâleur des témoignages distillés par une Antiquité tardive et un haut Moyen Âge roussillonnais, pourtant florissant, a jeté un voile nous privant pour longtemps de toute la richesse chromatique d’une longue période, qui n’a d’obscure que les a priori que l’on s’en fait. Opérer une introspection sur la genèse du vocabulaire formel chrétien est inévitable pour en comprendre les raccourcis, ceux souvent initiés par une vision monofocale n’offrant que trop peu souvent la possibilité d’envisager le bâtiment ecclésial selon sa polysémie : tout à la fois lieux de l’accomplissement du culte, de rassemblement des fidèles, mais aussi lieux d’expression techniques et artistiques. Un condensé, en somme, au cœur d’une société en mutation, où les différents acteurs politiques n’ont eu, en réalité, qu’un impact modéré.Les modestes églises rurales anté-romanes, par leurs structures et leurs modes de construction, sont finalement révélatrices d’un héritage et d’une continuité, jusque là minimisés, voire insoupçonnés. En choisissant de ne pas dissocier l’évolution des techniques de celle des formes, tout en prenant en compte les nouvelles perspectives soulevées par l’archéologie médiévale, pour d’autres territoires, les postulats chronologiques s’étiolent, se faisant moins relatifs et plus impartiaux. Entre relecture et reformulation, il convient maintenant d’envisager une mise à l’épreuve de l’architecture préromane
The scarcity of evidence trickled down from the late Antiquity and the Roussillon Early Middle Ages, although quite flourishing, has casta veil depriving us for quitea while of all the chromatic richness of a long era, obscure only because of the a priori one has about it. Carrying out an introspection into the genesis of the formal Christian vocabulary is an absolute must to understand its shortcuts, those being often brought about by a monofocal vision too rarely offering the opportunity to consider the church building according to its polysemy: worshipping and congregating places for the believers as well as places where their craftmanship and art could be expressed. A summary, all in all,in the midst of a mutating society where the various political actors have only had in fact a moderate impact.The humbleante-Romanesque rural churches, by their structures and their method of building are eventually revealing of a legacy and a continuity played downuntil now, unsuspectedindeed. By choosing not to dissociate the evolution of techniques from that of the forms while factoring in the new prospects brought up by medieval archaeology, for other areas, the chronological postulates weaken, becoming less relative and more unbiased. Between rereading and rewording, it is now advisable to consider putting to the test pre-Romanesque architecture

Marguerite Duras a assurément pensé à la littérature en se mesurant sans cesse à sa production littéraire et plus amplement, à sa production artistique. Littérature, cinéma, théâtre font en effet l’objet d’une réflexion constante chez l’écrivain qui montre par là une tendance certaine pour la pensée théorique. Si Marguerite Duras a pu s’exprimer négativement vis-à-vis de la théorie, c’est parce qu’elle redoute les dérives de l’esprit théorique qui peut parfois se révéler dogmatique. L’adhésion à l’idéologie du PCF d’abord partagée puis contestée, fait ainsi l’objet de sévères critiques qui donneront raison dans son œuvre à des textes littéraires traversés par cette épreuve du théorique doctrinaire. D’autres engagements théoriques et politiques prouveront en revanche incontestablement l’attrait intellectuel de l’écrivain envers une époque qui, entre les années 1960 et 1980, fait avancer le discours de la théorie et notamment de la modernité littéraire. Cette thèse se propose de montrer que la théorie occupe sans cesse l’esprit de l’auteur, qu’elle se révèle particulièrement sous la forme d’une tentation à laquelle l’écrivain ne succombe jamais définitivement, et qui donc revient comme une obsession habiter et interroger son œuvre. Cette tentation s’intègre d’abord à la vie de Duras qui évolue au sein d’une génération fortement politisée et marquée par la pensée critique. Elle saura ensuite s’incorporer à l’activité créatrice de l’auteur et, dès lors, à sa pratique littéraire et artistique. La tentation du théorique suit ainsi deux directions. Elle passe par une aventure publique, sans pour autant jamais témoigner d’une voix chorale désireuse de se joindre notamment aux nouvelles tendances du Nouveau Roman. Elle se manifestera plutôt comme une voix solitaire, une voix qui s’exprime à travers la confidence privée. Cette voix murmure dans son œuvre ses critères conceptuels personnels qui accompagneront néanmoins la modernité littéraire. La voix de la tentation théorique se confondra enfin à la voix poétique de l’auteur qui révélera, à travers un jeu réflexif, la force productive de son écriture. Vouée sans cesse à faire résonner le mouvement du dernier mot, dépassant les cloisons génériques, la puissance créatrice prodigieuse de Marguerite Duras ira nourrir le paysage à plusieurs facettes de son œuvre ainsi que celui de l’Ecriture moderne
For sure Marguerite Duras always thought about literature by comparing herself to the rest of literature and the artistic production of her time. Indeed, literature, cinema and theater are the reflexive centers of a constant thinking which shows how much theory is a main issue for the writer herself. Her apparent and negative odds against theory in general are all because of the wanderings of the dogmatic way of the theoretical spirit. Being an active member of the French Communist Party (PCF), sharing its ideological point of view and then quitting it made way for a severe criticism and gave to her literary works a doctrinal trial. Others theoretical and political commitments may decidedly show in contrast her intellectual attraction of the writer for her age which, between the 1960s and the 1980s, made theory and literary modernity look forward. This essay will show how theory is always on Duras’s Mind as it is for her such a temptation that she never totally succumbs to, and that came back as an obsession to haunt and question her works. This temptation marks at first place her life that went through a harsh political generation that also dealt with criticism and thinking. This temptation would also be an important part of her creativity process and made her way unto literary and artistic technicals. The Theoretical temptation she dealt with went on two different ways. She went on a public adventure but without never belonging to the chorus of her times or explicitly belonging to the New Novel too. She stood as a solitary voice, a voice of her that expressed herself as a intimate confidence. This voice whispered in her writings her personal and conceptual thoughts that escorted modernity in literature. Her voice made of theoretical temptation would mingle at last with her poetical voice which reveals, through a reflexive game, the productive strengh of her writing. Vowed to a never-ending movment unto the last word, beyond the walls of all genres, the tremendous creativity of Marguerite Duras will give birth to a mesmerizing landscape in her works that goes unto the modern writing

Missiology is about God's call and his sending forth of people to do his will. His call is always linked to his purpose. Thus, the primary purpose of God is salvation. And his salvation is all embracing. Similarly, the Church is the sacrament of salvation and is mandated to proclaim faith and salvation to all. Hence, the mission of God (missio Dei) takes place in the Church, and is implanted by the Church in the world (missiones Ecclesiae). The mission which Jesus gives to the Church is made possible by his own mission (missio Christi), and thus has its foundation in God. The history of the Catholic Diocese of Bethlehem begins with the German Missionaries of the Congregation of the Holy Spirit (Spiritans). Importantly, for the Spiritans, the growth of the diocese depended upon the training of the lay people to teach catechism, to lead Priestless Sunday services and gradually by the training of the local clergy as well. The present situation in the Catholic Diocese of Bethlehem is the seemingly shallow understanding of faith and mission, and also the dwindling number of Catholics. This is clearly evident in the number of baptisms in the baptismal register and the head counts on Sundays. Nevertheless, the diocese is still called to preach the Good News to the poor and the oppressed. This thesis assesses the efforts of the pioneers (German Missionaries) as well as the current situation in the Catholic Diocese of Bethlehem, and recommends a paradigm shift for the future.
PhD (Missiology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

The purpose of this research was to assess counselling skills among the Roman Catholic priests in Masvingo diocese- Zimbabwe. This research took place because the priests encountered challenging situations that called for pastoral counselling skills. The research examined and assessed the competence of the clergy. To carry out this research, a survey of 40 priests and 50 parishioners was undertaken. The methods used to collect data were the questionnaire and unstructured interviews. The research structure began with the general introduction, followed by several themes discussed in relation to the literature on counselling in general, pastoral counselling skills and Christian reaction. After analysing the findings, there was confirmation that there was some lack of counselling skills among the clergy. In conclusion, the study recommended a thorough training and supervision in pastoral counselling. This includes the engagement of experts in psychological and pastoral counselling skills.
Practical Theology
M.Th. Practical Theology

This diploma thesis deals with changes of the spatial organization of the Roman Catholic Church in the Czech Republic with specialization in Diocese of České Budějovice. It follows the territorial development of this diocese from the emergence of Czechoslovakia to the defined present time period and with a comparison with changing territorial- administrative division of the country, historical-political and demographic development in the company is looking for reasons for changes in territorial-administrative division of the Roman Catholic Church. The part of the diploma thesis are thematic maps, which picture the spatial organization of the Roman Catholic Church in the Czech Republic and Diocese of České Budějovice, which is examined, including comparison with the territorial-administrative division of the country.

The dissertation deals with the historical activities of the Congregation of the Sisters of Mercy of St. Charles Borromeo in České Budějovice between the years 1850 - 1956. The thesis is especially based on the study of archival materials. Each chapter comprehensively describes the history of the three branches where the religious Sisters performed their activities. The branches are listed in chronological order of when they were established in the city. A public hospital is mentioned first, followed by an institutional complex of orphanages and schools at the former Vienna gate, and the group is concluded with an asylum for elderly people in need established in 1888. Particular attention is paid to the circumstances concerning the establishment of each branch, its background, ordinary and extraordinary days that were mostly mentioned in local chronicles; and two local superiors who had a major impact on the development and character of the community are also mentioned in the dissertation. Besides the observation of the beginnings and subsequent unprecedented development of community activities within the city frame, the text also includes an independent final chapter focused on events associated with the definitive end after the year 1948. Orientation in the topic and logical sequence of...

Parish clergy and religious change in Prague's diocese from Council of Trent till the end of the 17th century The religious change that happens in Bohemia in the 17th century has no equivalent in the Europe at this time: the whole country, where Catholics were in a very minority, comes back to the roman Church. This evolution is here seen from a very prosaic point of view: how lay people live this change, and so how acts the parish clergy in this matter. Conversion's strategy, at the end of the Council of Trent, was to permit the use of the chalice to the laity. The consequence of this permission was a very hazy situation in the parishes, but Holy See did nothing before the battle of White Mountain, and after the battle, he suppressed chalice, mainly for pastoral reasons. During the Thirty years War, the kingdom is the place of a general reform, which has its origins in the catholic missionary movement of the beginning of the century and in the political theories of this time. Bohemia is strongly marked by the war that acts as a catalyst; at the same time political and religious authorities were lacking. The inhabitants, usually just formal Catholics at the beginning, convert themselves more and more deeply during the 17th century. The eldest, who remembered the non-Catholics services, died during the...