Academic literature on the topic 'Dioxines – Bioaccumulation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Dioxines – Bioaccumulation"
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Durie, Brian G. M., and Hardy Jones. "New Bioaccumulations of Toxins in Resident Coastal Dolphins Signal Dangers of Human Myeloma." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 5062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.5062.5062.
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Abstract Dolphins and humans are exposed to the same toxins in seafood. Over 2 billion people worldwide rely on seafood as their major source of protein and 60% of people live in coastal areas. Resident coastal dolphins are exposed to marine pollution in the same fashion as humans who frequently consume seafood, thus any indication of disease in dolphins has implications both for humans who eat regularly from the same areas and/or are otherwise exposed to the same toxins. Although ecotoxicologic studies of marine environments are very complex, (Irwin: Aquatic Mammals 31: 195–225, 2005), the bottlenose dolphin is a sentinel species for biomonitoring purposes. Tissue levels of many known carcinogens such as DDT, DDE, dioxins (e.g. PCDDs and 2,3,7,8 TCDD), BaP, PAHs, and more recently PFC and PBDEs (water repellants and fire retardants), reflect bioaccumulation in both dolphins and humans. Target sites where human and dolphin disease have been contrasted and compared are: North America (Alaska; Puget Sound; San Francisco Bay; Gulf Coast and Florida; St. Lawrence Seaway); Japan (Osaka Bay); Sweden; Coastal UK and Hong Kong (Pearl River estuary). For Alaska, Florida, Japan, Sweden and coastal UK, there are highly significant correlations between fish contamination/consumption and excess risk of human myeloma. In Alaska, Inuit men eat contaminated fish, have high organochloride (dioxins) levels in blood and tissues and an increased risk of myeloma. Likewise for Swedish fisherman comparing Baltic (more contamination) versus west coast levels of dioxins and myeloma. In Japan, a case control study provides a highly significant odds ratio of 5.89 for agriculture/fisheries as occupational factors. A separate study gives an annual age adjusted incidence of 7.03/100,000 for the Osaka Bay fishing region. Around Lake Okeechobee Florida an incidence rate of 6.52/100,000 correlates with both contamination and commercial fishing licenses. Although dolphins share most human mammalian genes, including CYP1A and CYP2B, they lack the ability to adequately catabolize type I and II dioxins, which therefore preferentially accumulate. Unfortunately, observed results of these bioaccumulations are suppressed immunity, infections and cancers particularly B-cell lymphomas and “myeloma-like” immunoblastic lymphomas (Bossart: J. Vet Diagn Invest 9: 454–458, 1997). This pattern of diseases in turn corresponds with the local and systemic effects exemplified in Balb/c mice during pristine-induced plasmacytogenesis and in humans exposed to toxins. Newly recognized persistent organic pollutants such as water repellants (PFCs) and flame-retardants (PBDEs) are a particular concern, both because of rapid recent bioaccumulation in dolphins with associated disease manifestations plus the potential for wide global dispersal and diverse routes of human exposure. Numerous consumer goods contain PBDEs, including electronics, carpets, furniture and textiles. Genetic studies help refine probability calculations to assess risk using the union rule for independent events. Studies are now underway to correlate recent bioaccumulations in dolphins and humans, genetic predisposition and myeloma onset. Probability calculations for risk of developing myeloma will support interventions to reduce both contamination of the marine environment and elimination of human toxin exposures.
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Denizeau, F., and A. C. Ricard. "Analyse du modèle CHIMIOTOX du point de vue de ses implications toxicologiques [Article bilingue]." Revue des sciences de l'eau 11, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 537–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705320ar.
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Le modèle CHIMIOTOX a été mis au point comme outil de gestion dans le but de réduire de façon importante la quantité de substances toxiques déversées dans le fleuve Saint-Laurent. Ce modèle effectue un calcul dont le résultat est une valeur numérique qui se veut représentative de la charge toxique présente dans un effluent industriel. Pour ce faire, le modèle attribue à chaque substance toxique une constante de toxicité, le facteur de pondération toxique (Ftox), dont la valeur est déterminée à partir des critères de qualité de l'eau du ministère de l'Environnement du Québec. Le Ftox sert à calculer l'unité CHIMIOTOX (UC) qui est le produit de Ftox par la charge journalière du polluant (kg/jour). La sommation des UC de toutes les substances ciblées donne l'indice CHIMIOTOX (IC) qui doit représenter le potentiel toxique de l'effluent. Dans la présente étude, le modèle CHIMIOTOX a été analysé du point de vue de ses implications au plan toxicologique. Les résultats de cette analyse montrent les faits saillants suivants. En premier lieu, le calcul du potentiel toxique théorique se fait selon l'équation d'une droite de pente Ftox. Ceci implique que le potentiel toxique calculé est directement proportionnel à la quantité de la substance, et cela, quel que soit le niveau supposé d'exposition. Cette démarche n'est pas compatible avec le concept fondamental de la dose-réponse, basé sur l'observation expérimentale. À cette étape du modèle, l'estimation du théorique risque de s'écarter considérablement de la réalité. En second lieu, l'UC est calculé en utilsant la charge journalière moyenne de l'effluent à partir de mesures effectuées sur trois jours. Le modèle fait abstraction des variations ponctuelles dans le temps, variations qui peuvent influencer de manière significative le profil d'exposition des organismes, et par conséquent, la toxicité. En troisième lieu, l'IC, qui est la sommation des UC, ne tient pas compte des interactions toxiques pouvant survenir dans le cas d'un mélange de substances, ni de la bioaccumulation dans la chaîne trophique. Une comparaison du CHIMIOTOX avec le modèle des TEF (Toxic Equivalency Factor) développé pour les dibenzo-p-dioxines et les dibenzofurannes polychlorés, a été effectuée afin de souligner la difficulté d'obtenir des valeurs théoriques prédictives de la toxicité de mélanges complexes, même lorsque ses composants possèdent un mécanisme d'action commun, ce qui n'est pas le cas pour la plupart des substances considérées par le CHIMIOTOX. Au total, le modèle CHIMIOTOX génère une incertitude qui s'accroît à chaque étape du calcul. Ceci l'empêche d'avoir une véritable valeur quantitative et limite considérablement son utilité dans l'évaluation du rique environnemental associé aux substances toxiques.
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Solomon, K. R. "Chlorine in the Bleaching of Pulp and Paper." Pure and Applied Chemistry 68, no. 9 (September 30, 1996): 1721–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199668091721.
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The pulp and paper industry in Canada contributes significant effluent discharges to surface and marine waters. Chlorine and chlorine compounds are used in the bleaching of pulp. A large number of organochlorine chemicals of widely differing properties are, or have been, produced from this bleaching. These range from the highly hydrophobic, persistent and bioaccumulative toxic substances, such as 2,3,7,8-TCDD, to the higher molecular weight, non-hydrophobic material usually characterized by absorbable organic halogen. Chlorine dioxide and chlorine react with lignin by different chemical processes and produce different organochlorine products. Use of molecular chlorine as a bleaching agent results in the formation and release of chlorinated organic compounds, sometimes at concentrations that present an unacceptable risk to the receiving environment and the food chain. Alternatives to the use of molecular chlorine, such as chlorine dioxide, result in reductions in the quantities of organochlorines produced, and the degree of chlorine substitution in the organochlorines formed. This, in turn, leads to reduced persistence, reduced potential for bioaccumulation and food chain transfer, reduced toxicity and reductions in adverse ecological effects. However, sufficient evidence exists from responses observed at non-bleached mills to show that other (probably non-halogenated) compounds are released or formed during the production of pulp and cause responses such as induction of MFOs, changes in hormone levels, and reproductive effects.
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Meyer, A. M., N. Meijer, E. F. Hoek-van den Hil, and H. J. van der Fels-Klerx. "Chemical food safety hazards of insects reared for food and feed." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7, no. 5 (August 13, 2021): 823–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2020.0085.
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Insects are a promising future source of sustainable proteins within a circular economy. Proving the safety of insects for food and feed is necessary prior to supplying them to the market. This literature review provides a state-of-the-art overview of the chemical food safety hazards for insects reared for food and feed, focusing mainly on transfer of contaminants from the substrate. Contaminants covered are: heavy metals, dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, veterinary drugs, mycotoxins, and plant toxins. The twelve insect species reported as having the largest potential as feed and food in the EU are included. Transfer and bioaccumulation of contaminants depend on the chemical, insect species, life stage, and source of contaminant (spiked vs natural), as well as the particular substrate and rearing conditions. The heavy metals lead, arsenic, mercury, and cadmium can accumulate, whereas mycotoxins and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) seem not to accumulate. Mycotoxins and veterinary drugs could be degraded by insects; their metabolic routes need to be further investigated. Data are generally limited, but in particular for PAHs, plant toxins, and dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls. Further research on chemical safety of different edible insects is therefore warranted.
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Paasivirta, Jaakko. "Organochlorine Compounds in the Environment." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 2 (February 1, 1988): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0052.
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Recent pollution by organochlorine compounds (OCs) has been found to cause ecological damage, initially by causing declining populations. Poisoning of animals having high OC levels was often found to be similar to poisoning of man and animals in dioxin accidents. Dioxin toxicity has been shown to occur from structural binding of the toxin to a cytosolic receptor, and this action has been extended to many planar and coplanar aromatic OCs which are released into the environment from pesticide uses, dumping of chlorophenol wastes, chlorobleaching of pulp, chlorodisinfection of water, and combustion of OCs or chloride-containing materials. More efficient combustion has been developed to restrict OC emissions. Recent analyses of wildlife samples have shown that certain planar or coplanar aromatic chlorohydrocarbons and ethers, instead of the notorious polychlorinated dibenzo dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), could be the most important receptor-specific environmental toxins. Despite the fact that the pollution of the aquatic ecosystem by the forest industry in many areas is decreasing due to improved processes and treatment plants, organochlorine bleaching products still appear to have importance due to harmful discharges, especially since they still cause taste problems in seafood due to the bioaccumulation of chloroanisoles and chloroveratroles.
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Cornell, B. J., A. Singh, and I. Chu. "Liver Toxicity in Rats Fed A Mixture of Pcb Congeners and 2,3,7,8-Tcdd." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (August 1997): 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600007145.
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Polyhalogenated aromatic compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) continue to be environmental contaminants because of their bioaccumulation in the food chain and high resistance to biodegradation. The current study was undertaken to determine if a mixture of PCB congeners (WHO-IPCS) were interactive with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in producing morphological changes in the rat liver. Both compounds are known to produce a broad range of biochemical and morphological alterations including enzyme induction.Groups (N=5) of female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered TCDD (0, 2.5, 25, 250, 1000 ng/kg bw/day) or PCB (0, 2, 20 μg/kg bw/day) alone, or in combination with each concentration of both compounds. Incorrect concentrations were published in a previous abstract. The test substance was mixed with corn oil and given by gavage at 2 ml/kg daily for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, the rats were killed and liver samples were prepared for transmission electron microscopy.
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Spagnuolo, Maria Stefania, Fiorella Sarubbi, Cristina Rossetti, Giuseppe Grazioli, Giulia Pia Di Meo, and Leopoldo Iannuzzi. "Effect of dioxin exposure on several indices of blood redox status in lactating buffalo cows." Journal of Dairy Research 78, no. 2 (March 4, 2011): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029911000021.
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Dioxins are lipophilic compounds with a small molecular weight and are highly persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic. Dioxin detoxification is associated with an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In physiological conditions the body is protected against ROS and their toxic products by a wide range of antioxidant systems. We hypothesize that the imbalance between ROS production, associated with dioxin exposure, and the antioxidant defence capacity, may lead to oxidative stress, with consequent increased consumption of antioxidants and accumulation of toxic compounds in blood and tissues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of exposure to dioxins on the plasma redox status of lactating buffalo cows. To this aim, the major liposoluble (retinol and α-tocopherol) and water-soluble (ascorbate) antioxidants, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), as well as specific protein oxidation markers (protein bound carbonyls and nitro-tyrosine) and lipid oxidation markers (hydroperoxides), were chosen as indices of blood redox status. The concentration of antioxidants, protein-bound carbonyls (PC), nitro-tyrosine (N-Tyr), and hydroperoxides (LPO), the SOD and GPx activity, and the TAC were measured in plasma samples obtained from buffalo cows exposed to environmental levels of dioxins higher (n=21, group A) or lower (n=29; group B) than those permitted. Plasma titres of antioxidants, as measured by HPLC, and the total antioxidant capacity, as measured by trolox equivalents capacity, were higher in group B than in A. Similarly, SOD and GPx activities were higher in group B than in A. Conversely, plasma levels of PC, N-Tyr and LPO, as measured by ELISA, were higher in group A than in B. Our results suggest that exposure to dioxins impairs the plasma antioxidant defence system of lactating buffalo cows, and that metabolic processes associated with dioxin detoxification might induce or enhance oxidation of protein and lipids. This adverse effect on blood redox status might have negative implications for animal health and reproduction, and might compromise animal welfare.
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Stephens, R. D., M. Harnly, D. G. Hayward, R. R. Chang, J. Flattery, M. X. Petreas, and L. Goldman. "Bioaccumulation of dioxins in food animals II: Controlled exposure studies." Chemosphere 20, no. 7-9 (January 1990): 1091–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(90)90226-j.
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Yu, Liu, Liu, Cao, Zhang, Tian, Wang, et al. "Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins, Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans, and Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Umbilical Cord Serum from Pregnant Women Living Near a Chemical Plant in Tianjin, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 12 (June 19, 2019): 2178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122178.
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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) are bioaccumulative compounds that may affect fetal growth and infant development. The aim of this study was to determine whether the pregnant women living near a chemical plant in Tianjin had a risk of exposure to dioxins. Concentrations of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in 24 umbilical cord serum samples collected from pregnant women were measured using a high-resolution gas chromatograph with a high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRGC-HRMS) and an isotopic dilution method. The levels of ∑(PCDD/Fs + dl-PCBs) were in the range 476–8307 pg·g−1 lipid, with a mean of 3037 pg·g−1. The mean World Health Organization toxicity equivalent (WHO-TEQ) for PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs was 14.0 and 2.14 pg·g−1 lipid, respectively. The PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs contributed 86.7% and 13.3%, respectively, to the total TEQ. The octa-CDFs and penta-CBs were predominant for the PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs, accounting for 57.6% and 74.3%, respectively. Several PCDD/F and dl-PCB congeners were highly correlated, such as PCB 105 and PCB 118 (r = 0.982, p < 0.001). Although the results hint at decreasing trends for PCDD/F and dl-PCBs by comparison with a similar study in Tianjin, a total TEQ of 41.7% of study participants had a body burden that exceeded the biomonitoring equivalents for dioxins. It was shown that pregnant women and infants had a health risk of exposure to dioxins.
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Tavakoly Sany, Seyedeh Belin, Leila Narimani, Faezeh Khalifeh Soltanian, Rosli Hashim, Majid Rezayi, David J. Karlen, and H. N. M. Ekramul Mahmud. "An overview of detection techniques for monitoring dioxin-like compounds: latest technique trends and their applications." RSC Advances 6, no. 60 (2016): 55415–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra11442c.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Dioxines – Bioaccumulation"
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Paunescu, Alexandra-Cristina. "Les composés dioxin-like mesurés par DR-CALUX et les paramètres osseux évalués par ultrasonographie chez les femmes cries et inuites du Nord-du-Québec et du Groenland." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23609.
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Prémisses: Les Autochtones sont exposés à plusieurs contaminants par leur alimentation traditionnelle. Les niveaux plasmatiques élevés de certains contaminants mesurés chez les Inuits et Cris nous ont menés à l'hypothèse voulant qu'ils soient impliqués dans une diminution de la qualité osseuse chez ces populations. Objectif: Investiguer la relation entre les paramètres osseux ultrasonores (QUS) mesurés au niveau du calcanéum de femmes inuites et cries et leurs concentrations plasmatiques de composés Dioxin-Like (DLC) mesurées à l'aide d'un bioessai. La relation entre les paramètres QUS et les concentrations plasmatiques de certains biphényles polychlorés-dioxin-like mono-ortho-substitués (BPC-ZXL-105, -118, -156, -157, -167, -189) a également été étudiée. Méthodes: Cent quarante neuf Inuites de Nuuk (Groenland), 195 Inuites du Nunavik et 249 Cries du Nord-du-Québec, âgées de 35 à 74 ans, ont été incluses dans cette étude. Les paramètres osseux (vitesse du son, atténuation des ondes, indice de rigidité) ont été mesurés par ultrasonographic (Appareil Achilles Lunar au Groenland et Achilles InSight® au Nunavik et chez les Cries). Les DLC ont été mesurés par le bio-essai Dioxin-Responsive Chemically-Activated LUciferase expression (DR-CALUX) et les BPC-DL, par chromatographie en phase gazeuse avec détecteur à capture d'électrons dans le Projet Groenland et par la chromatographic gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse, dans les Projets Nunavik et Cri. Les relations contaminant-paramètre osseux ont été investiguées en régression linéaire simple et multiple. Résultats: Aucune relation n'a été observée entre le niveau des DLC mesuré par DR-CALUX et les valeurs des paramètres osseux. Par contre, des relations significatives négatives ont été identifiées entre les niveaux plasmatiques des BPC-.DZ (BPC-DL-105, -118 et -157) et les paramètres ultrasonores qui reflètent la qualité osseuse. La relation observée était dans certains cas (BPC-DZ-105, -118, -156, -167 et -189) modérée par le poids corporel, la parité, le niveau sanguin de mercure et la présence d'une cause secondaire d'ostéoporose. Conclusion: Outre les BPC mono-ortho substitués, l'étude a permis d'identifier plusieurs autres facteurs qui pourraient affecter la qualité osseuse, dont certains étaient investigués pour la première fois (acides gras polyinsaturés Oméga-3 et Oméga-6, vitamine A, mercure, sélénium, plomb, molybdène, cobalt, zinc, nickel, cuivre, fer, iode, arsenic, et creatinine).
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Okumura, Yutaka. "Mass Balance and Bioaccumulation of Major Dioxins in Sendai Bay." Kyoto University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/135409.
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Josefsson, Sarah. "Fate and transport of POPs in the aquatic environment : with focus on contaminated sediments." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-42107.
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Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are hydrophobic substances that readily sorb to organic matter in particles and colloids instead of being freely dissolved in the water phase. This sorption affects the bioavailability and environmental transport of the POPs. The major part of this thesis concerns the role of sediments as secondary sources of POPs. As the primary emissions decrease, contaminated sediments where POPs have accumulated can become the main source of contamination. If the contaminated sediment by time becomes covered with cleaner layers, the POPs are buried and no longer in contact with the aquatic environment. Experiments in this thesis showed, however, that new invading species can alter the sediment-water dynamics as a result of their bioturbation, i.e. mixing of sediment particles and pore-water. Marenzelleria spp., invading species in the Baltic Sea that burrow deeper than native species, were found to increase the remobilization of buried contaminants. The sediment-to-water flux was inversely related to the burial depth (2-10 cm) of the POP congeners (polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers) and also inversely related to the hydrophobicity of the congener. The flux was therefore most pronounced for less hydrophobic contaminants, which was linked to the bioirrigating behaviour of these species. Marenzelleria spp. also accumulated the buried POPs and increased concentrations in surface sediment. Contaminants previously considered buried at a ’safe’ depth can thus be remobilized as a result of the invasion of Marenzelleria spp. in the Baltic Sea. One method to decrease the remobilization of contaminants from sediments is ’capping’, i.e. a layer of clean material is placed as a cap on the sediment. By amending the cap with active materials, which sequester the POPs and decrease their availability, thinner layers can be used (’active capping’ or ’thin-layer capping’). Results from an experiment with thin-layer capping using different active materials (activated carbon (AC) and kraft lignin) showed that both the sediment-to-water flux and the bioaccumulation by benthic species of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and octachlorostyrene (OCS) decreased with increased thickness of the cap layer (0.5-5 cm). Amendments with active materials further increased the cap efficiency. AC was more efficient than kraft lignin, and a 3 cm cap with 3.3% AC reduced the flux and bioaccumulation with ~90%. The reduction of the sediment-to-water flux was inversely related to the hydrophobicity of the POP, and reductions in the flux had similar magnitudes as reductions in the concentration in deep-burrowing polychaetes, demonstrating the importance of bioturbation for sediment-to-water transport. In a one-year study on the levels of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and HCB in a coastal area of the Baltic Sea, the correlations between the POP levels and the levels of particles and organic carbon in the water were found to differ for POPs of different structure and hydrophobicity. The levels of PCDD/Fs decreased to one third in May, which could be related to the increased sedimentation, i.e. water-to-sediment transport, during spring bloom.
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Wang, I.-Ching, and 王怡靜. "Assessment of Bioaccumulation in Fish and Human Intake of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69480401869336494464.
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博士國立成功大學
環境工程學系碩博士班
98
Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) are proven as carcinogenic and mutagenic compounds, and are recognized as poisons of the century. In this study, accumulation of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) between environmental media and fish were investigated. In addition, the dietary intake of PCDD/Fs for Taiwanese was discussed. The first part of the study includes the PCDD/F and DL-PCB levels in environmental media (water, sediment, and feed) and in farmed fish of different age. To observe the accumulation of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in farmed fish, tissue samples of hatchling, 2-month, 15-month, 24-month, and 36-month-old were collected, and the samples of all the environmental media were taken right after each time fish samples were collected. PCDD/F levels in a total of 25 food items in Taiwan and the PCDD/F intake of Taiwanese were surveyed in the second part of this study. PCDD/F intake of some special population such as duck farmer who may ingest high quantity of contaminated duck eggs were also determined. The results of the first part showed that PCDD/F and DL-PCB levels in water and sediment from fish farm were lower than those from natural environment such as rivers and lakes. The discharge of farm water and rearrangement of farm land each time fish were harvested may result in low levels of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in water and sediment samples. In Environmental medium, PCDD/F levels were all higher than DL-PCB levels. However, DL-PCBs were found to contribute more to the TEQ than PCDD/Fs were in all the fish samples. Both PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs concentrations rose with the period that groupers were raised. The results in this study conclude that PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs could accumulate in fish tissues, and diet is the main source of the accumulations. In the second part of this study, it was observed that shellfish and saltwater fish possessed the highest PCDD/Fs levels, 9.82 and 3.60 pg WHO-TEQ/g, respectively, on the lipid basis. The dietary intakes of humans at ages of 12-18, 19-64, and over 65 were determined. The estimated intake were between 21.8 (female teenagers) and 37.6 pg (male seniors) WHO-TEQ/day; the levels varied with the dietary habits. The PCDD/F intakes for all human groups are far below the tolerable limit of 70 pg WHO-TEQ/Kg b.w./month. In addition, the daily PCDD/F intake levels for duck farmers consuming average and large amounts of PCDD/F contaminated duck eggs were examined. The result shows that consuming more than one duck egg with level higher than 10 pg WHO-TEQ/g lipid of PCDD/Fs per day could lead to a PCDD/F intake level higher than the tolerable limit. However, for normal population, there is little risk to ingest intolerable amount of PCDD/Fs because of intake of contaminated duck eggs.
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Liao, Pei-Yu, and 廖珮瑜. "Environmental risk analysis and bioaccumulation effect of mercury and dioxin in polluted aquatic environment." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52831440773761035177.
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博士國立臺灣大學
生物環境系統工程學研究所
104
Mercury and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) accumulate in organisms through food webs and exert potentially toxic effects on aquatic organisms and humans. This study examined the levels of mercury and PCDD/Fs in organisms and sediment samples collected from a saltwater pond at the site, a chloralkali factory that shut down in Tainan City, Taiwan. It was also a pentachlorophenol production plant. After the factories were shut down in the 1980s, mercury and PCDD/Fs contamination remained, posing severe health hazards. The correlation between PCDD/Fs congener accumulation patterns in distinct fish organs and the sediment was evaluated. Mercury and PCDD/Fs levels in all the fish samples exceeded food safety limits, and the concentrations of mercury and PCDD/Fs in each species were closely correlated (n = 12, Spearman’s rank correlation [R] = 0.811, p < 0.01). The mercury concentrations were positively but non-significantly correlated with the weight (n = 11, R = 0.741, p < 0.01) and length (n = 11, R = 0.618, p < 0.05) of the species. The fish likely accumulated the contaminants through ingestion of other organisms or the sediment. However, after the pollutants entered a fish, they exhibited distinct accumulation patterns because of their differing chemical properties. Specifically, the mercury concentration was correlated with organism weight and length, whereas the PCDD/Fs concentration was associated with organ lipid content. In this study, the 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF concentration was lowest in the sediment but highest in the organisms. However, the OCDD concentration was highest in the sediment but lowest in the organisms. The dominant congeners 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF, 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD, and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD in the fish differed from those found in the sediment samples. The study results are valuable for assessing the health risks associated with ingesting mercury- and PCDF/F-contaminated seafood from the study site. Therefore, it is suggested that the public should be alerted through bans and advisories when a threat to human health may occur from the consumption of contaminated fish.
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Kuo, Jin-Liang, and 郭晉良. "Synergistic effects of warming and carbon dioxide induced freshwater acidification on bioaccumulation of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to copper nanoparticles." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65tx9x.
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碩士高雄醫學大學
生物醫學暨環境生物學系碩士班
106
Copper nanoparticles (CuNP) are widely applied in piezoelectric devices and fuel cells. Large-scale production and consumption of CuNP-containing products could lead to discharge of CuNP into aquatic ecosystems. In addition, increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) resulted in warming and acidification of aquatic ecosystem, further affecting on physicochemical properties of CuNP and its accumulated by aquatic organisms. However, previous studies investigated the effects of single environmental factor on the CuNP bioaccumulation. The effects of multiple factors on bioaccumulation of CuNP are still unknown. The purpose of this study is to assess whether warming and CO2 induced acidification synergistically increase the bioaccumulation of CuNP in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Tilapia were exposed to waterborne 25 nm CuNP for 7-day uptake and transferred to clean water for 7-day in following different environmental scenarios, combined with acidification groups (pHs 7.5, 6.5 and 5.5) and warming groups (26, 28 and 30°C), and to analyze accumulation of gill and muscle. Results indicated that warming factor did not increase accumulation of the CuNP concentration in gill and muscle for uptake phase. At 7-day depuration phase of warming experiment, the accumulated concentration of high warming group (30°C/pH 7.5) in gill was 3.68 ± 0.89 µg g-1, and significantly higher than control (26°C/pH 7.5; 1.00 ± 0.46 µg g-1, p < 0.05). Moreover, the concentration of muscle in high warming group (1.63 ± 0.20 µg g-1) was also significantly higher than control (0.61 ± 0.04 µg g-1) at 1-day depuration phase (p<0.05). It revealed that warming would slow-down the copper depuration in gill and muscle. Results of acidification effects demonstrated that the accumulated concentration of high acidification group (26°C/pH 5.5) in gill was 8.75 ± 0.83 µg g-1, which significantly higher than control (5.10 ± 0.68 µg g-1) at 7-day uptake phase (p < 0.01). However, concentration of gill in all acidification groups during depuration phase [low acidification (26°C/pH 6.5): 4.09 ± 0.32 µg g-1; high acidification (26°C/pH 5.5): 2.89 ± 0.14 µg g-1] were significantly higher than control (1.01 ± 0.46 µg g-1, p < 0.001). The acidification factor did not increase the CuNP concentration in muscle for uptake phase, whereas the concentrations of high acidification group at 1- and 7-days of depuration phase were 1.45 ± 0.12 µg g-1 and 1.39 ± 0.16 µg g-1, respectively, and significantly higher than control (0.6 ± 0.04 µg g-1, p < 0.001). Therefore, acidification would increase the copper uptake in gill, and slow down the copper depuration in gill and muscle. Under multiple factors scenarios, the low warming and acidification (28°C/pH 6.5) significantly affected the bioaccumulation of CuNP in uptake phase (p < 0.01), but there was no effect at 7 days. The multiple factors would also significantly slow down the copper depuration in gill (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was no significantly difference among CuNP concentration of control and multiple factors groups in muscle at 1- and 7-days of uptake phase. In depuration phase, multiple factors significantly affected the accumulated concentrations at 7-day (p < 0.01), but did not at 1-day. In conclusion, this study suggested that acidification mainly increases the bioaccumulation of CuNP in tilapia, and multiple factors synergistically retard the depuration of CuNP in gill and muscle for depuration phase.
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Chu, Yao, and 朱曜. "The bioaccessibility, bioaccumulation and toxicity of lead dioxide nanoparticles in adult medaka (Oryzias latipes): A comparative study with its bulk counterparts." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40214339775817595748.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
農業化學研究所
103
Previous study indicates that nPbO2(s) causes inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in larvae of medaka fish (Oryzias latipes). The bioavailability of nPbO2(s) is affected by particle aggregation and precipitation in water. However the uptake mechanism of nPbO2(s) in medaka fish and its bioaccessibility, bioaccumulation, and toxicity potency to aquatic organisms remain unclear. The objectives of this study is to understand the uptake mechanisms, bioaccumulation and toxic effects (on nervous system disruption) of 3 lead species [nPbO2(s), bulky lead dioxide bPbO2(s), and Pb2+(aq)] in medaka fish. Particle diameters of nPbO2(s) and bPbO2(s) measured with Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were 34.5 ± 11.4 and 132.4 ± 54.2 nm respectively. The hydrodynamic diameters of nPbO2(s) and bPbO2(s) meausred with Dynamic light scattering (DLS) were 132.6 ± 36.9 and 217.3 ± 57.0 nm respectively. Results showed that both of nPbO2(s) and bPbO2(s) revealed low water solubility in dosing solutions, but nPbO2(s) had higher solubility than bPbO2(s). X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra also showed that both lead dioxide particles were stable in dosing solutions. However, XANES results and quantification of lead speciation showed that both nPbO2(s) and bPbO2(s) can be reductively dissolved into Pb(II) in gill and intestine with higher extend in gill tissues. As well, the nPbO2(s) has higher dissolution than bPbO2(s) in fish intestine. In addition, lead bioconcentration in liver of treated fish have no difference among lead groups; however, bPbO2(s) treatment appeared to result in higher lead bioaccumulation in fish brain, as compared with nPbO2(s) and Pb2+(aq) treatment. We observed dose-dependent inhibition of AChE activity in the brain of treated fish with 7-day exposures to three lead solutions; however, such inhibition appeared to be restored with 14-day exposure at higher concentrations. Both of nPbO2(s) and bPbO2(s) can increase the content of MDA in liver dose-dependently and the highest MDA content was found in Pb2+(aq) treated fish liver. Finally, the inhibition of NKA activity in gill was observed in nPbO2(s) and bPbO2(s) treated fish with 14-day exposure, and greatest inhibition was found in Pb2+(aq) treated fish with 14-day exposure.
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Kleeman, James Michael. "Toxicology of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in aquatic and mammalian species Part 1. TCDD toxicity, bioaccumulation and biotransformation in fish : Part 2. Effects of TCDD on testicular steriod secretion by the rat /." 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/18564660.html.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1988.Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.
Books on the topic "Dioxines – Bioaccumulation"
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Schwind, K. H. Statuserhebung zu Dioxinen und PCB in Futter- und vom Tier stammenden Lebensmitteln: Forschungsprojekt des Bundesministeriums für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz und des Max-Rubner-Instituts zur Durchführung einer nationalen Statuserhebung von Dioxin- und dioxinähnlichen PCB-Verbindungen in Futter- und vom Tier stammenden Lebensmitteln. Filderstadt: Weinmann, 2009.
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A Critical review of the literature on the bioaccumulation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and furan in fish. New York, N.Y: National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and SAtream Improvement, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Dioxines – Bioaccumulation"
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Jeno, Jose Gnanaleela Aswin, Ravichandran Rathna, and Ekambaram Nakkeeran. "Biological Implications of Dioxins/Furans Bioaccumulation in Ecosystems." In Environmental and Microbial Biotechnology, 395–420. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5499-5_14.
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Rosenfeld, Paul E., and Lydia G. H. Feng. "Bioaccumulation of Dioxins, PCBs, and PAHs." In Risks of Hazardous Wastes, 201–13. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4377-7842-7.00015-5.
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"Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages." In Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages, edited by Michael R. Rosen, Timothy G. Rowe, Steven L. Goodbred, Douglas O. Shipley, and Jorge A. Arufe. American Fisheries Society, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569766.ch7.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—Rapid urbanization in the southwest United States has increased concern about water quality of streams and its impact on aquatic biota. One way to estimate potential toxicity impacts is to deploy passive samplers that accumulate many organic contaminants associated with anthropogenic landscapes. Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) use a lipid to mimic bioaccumulation of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs), including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, and industrial compounds. We investigated effects of land use and streamflow on the presence of HOCs and potential toxicity in the Truckee River and Lake Tahoe watersheds of Nevada and California. We used SPMDs during August/ September 2002 and 2003 base flows and during March 2003 high flows. We employed two complementary toxicity tests to assess potential toxicity to aquatic organisms. The fluoroscan (pyrene index) is designed to assess PAH concentrations. The CYP1A test measures the toxicity of aryl hydrocarbon receptor type compounds, which include PAHs, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and dioxins. A relatively strong correlation (<em>r </em>= 0.79) between the pyrene index and CYP1A in our data indicated that PAHs were the dominant group of organic contaminants sequestered by our SPMDs. Due to its low-density urbanization, SPMD extracts from the Lake Tahoe watershed generally had less toxicity than those deployed in the Truckee River watershed. Samples from the Truckee River and its tributaries near Reno/Sparks had the highest toxicity, owing to dense residential development and light industry. Higher percentages of urban and agricultural land use correlated with increased toxicity of SPMD extracts, although urban land use had a much greater influence. Streamflow was a less important factor than land use, and only flows greater than 5 m<sup>3</sup>/s correlated with toxicity. Toxicity decreased with higher flows, probably due to dilution. Toxicity of SPMD extracts at all sites during both high and low flows significantly correlated with percent urban land use (<EM>R</EM><sup>2</sup> = 0.32). Generally, toxicity did not correlate with dissolved oxygen, pH, or temperature, but did with specific conductance (<EM>R</EM><sup>2</sup> = 0.27) when samples influenced by geothermal water were excluded.
Reports on the topic "Dioxines – Bioaccumulation"
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Word, J. Q., J. A. Ward, and A. L. Squires. Results of chemical, toxicological, and bioaccumulation evaluations of dioxins, furans, and guaicol/organic acids in sediments from the Grays Harbor/Chehalis River area. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6364326.
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