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Journal articles on the topic 'Dioxins – Synthesis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Long, Hong Ming, Jia Xin Li, Ping Wang, and Ru Fei Wei. "Synthesis Pathway of Dioxins in Iron Ore Sintering Process." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.71.

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Dioxins are a kind of extremely toxic and Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Sintering process has become one of the most dominant unintentional discharge sources. The dioxins synthesis pathway and mechanism being described, related research indicate that: in the low temperature sector (200-500ºС), chlorobenzene and chlorphenol are the representation precursors of dioxin’s precursor catalytic reaction, the dioxins formed in this temperature sector cased by the “de novo” under catalyst (like Cu2+) on the surface of smoke particles; high-temperature gas phase reaction mechanism of dioxins sat

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2

Mitoma, Yoshiharu, Maki Takase, Yoshiko Yoshino, et al. "Novel Mild Hydrodechlorination of PCDDs, PCDFs, and co-PCBs inside Fly Ash Using a Calcium-Promoted Rhodium Carbon Catalyst in Methanol." Environmental Chemistry 3, no. 3 (2006): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en06002.

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Environmental Context. The generic term ‘dioxins’, the family of which includes polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and dioxin-like compounds such as coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (co-PCBs), is used to describe highly toxic and mutagenic compounds. Many methods that involve high-temperature or high-pressure dry hydrogen conditions to ensure adequate decomposition for persistent chlorinated aromatic pollutants present disadvantages for repeated synthesis or recovery of vaporized dioxins and co-PCBs. We discovered that highly efficient degradation of dioxins in

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3

Gao, Xingbao, Bingjing Ji, Dahai Yan, Qifei Huang, and Xuemei Zhu. "A full-scale study on thermal degradation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash and its secondary air pollution control in China." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 35, no. 4 (2016): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x16677078.

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Degradation of polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash is beneficial to its risk control. Fly ash was treated in a full-scale thermal degradation system (capacity 1 t d−1) to remove polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. Apart from the confirmation of the polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxin and dibenzofuran decomposition efficiency, we focused on two major issues that are the major obstacles for commercialising this decomposition technology in China, desorption and regeneration of dioxins and control of secondary air pollut

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4

Munslow, W. D., J. R. Donnelly, R. K. Mitchum, and G. W. Sovocool. "Synthesis of polyhalogenated dibenzo--dioxins." Chemosphere 18, no. 1-6 (1989): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(89)90125-2.

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5

Wielgosiński, Grzegorz, Olga Namiecińska, Patrycja Łechtańska, and Adam Grochowalski. "Effect of selected additions on de novo synthesis of polychlorinated dioxins and furans." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 23, no. 2 (2016): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2016-0017.

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Abstract Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans are generally considered the most dangerous chemical substances known to man. Although they have never been the product of purposeful human activity, yet they are formed in many chemical and virtually all thermal processes. Research on the occurrence of dioxins in the environment, their release into the environment, ways of formation and methods of reducing their emissions lasts since the late seventies of the last century. Currently, we know three basic pathways of dioxins formation in thermal processes, the most imp

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6

Haffer, U., W. Rotard, and W. Mailahn. "Synthesis of polyfluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins." Chemosphere 29, no. 9-11 (1994): 1803–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(94)90346-8.

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7

Zhang, Mengmei, and Alfons Buekens. "De novo synthesis of dioxins: a review." International Journal of Environment and Pollution 60, no. 1/2/3/4 (2016): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijep.2016.082115.

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8

Buekens, Alfons, and Mengmei Zhang. "De novo synthesis of dioxins: a review." International Journal of Environment and Pollution 60, no. 1/2/3/4 (2016): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijep.2016.10002958.

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9

Wielgosiński, Grzegorz, Justyna Czerwińska, Olga Szymańska, and Janusz Bujak. "Simultaneous NOx and Dioxin Removal in the SNCR Process." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (2020): 5766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145766.

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Nitrogen oxides, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans are pollutants formed during thermal processes, in particular during the combustion of various fuels, including waste. They are classified as dangerous and highly toxic environmental pollutants whose emissions are strictly regulated. Many methods for reducing their emissions are known, but all involve additional production costs. For this reason, effective and cheap methods for removing these pollutants from exhaust gases are still sought. Selective non-catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides is one of the mor

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10

Ortuño, Nuria, Juan A. Conesa, Julia Moltó, and Rafael Font. "De Novo Synthesis of Brominated Dioxins and Furans." Environmental Science & Technology 48, no. 14 (2014): 7959–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es501818d.

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11

Clavier, Sylvain, Mostafa Khouili, Pascal Bouyssou, and Gérard Coudert. "Synthesis of naphtho[2,3-b][1,4]dioxin, 2-substituted naphtho[2,3-b][1,4]dioxins and 2,3-disubstituted naphtho[2,3-b][1,4]dioxins." Tetrahedron 58, no. 8 (2002): 1533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00017-0.

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12

Hahn, Hoh-Gyu, Kee Hyuk Chang, and Kee Dal Nam. "ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Dihydro-1,4-dioxins: Synthesis of Dihydro-1,4-dioxin-3-carboxanilides." ChemInform 33, no. 14 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200214158.

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13

Litvak, Vladimir V., Olga A. Korshunova, and Eugenia G. Saikovich. "Synthesis and SNAr reactions of new dioxins and predioxins." Chemosphere 43, no. 4-7 (2001): 493–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00399-4.

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14

Agarwal, Vinayak, and Bradley S. Moore. "Enzymatic Synthesis of Polybrominated Dioxins from the Marine Environment." ACS Chemical Biology 9, no. 9 (2014): 1980–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cb5004338.

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15

Kalantzi, Stefania, Sofia Leonardi, Eleanna Vachlioti, et al. "Studies towards the Synthesis of Novel 3-Aminopropoxy-Substituted Dioxins Suitable for the Development of Aptamers for Photonic Biosensor Applications." Materials 14, no. 16 (2021): 4727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164727.

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Hydroxy-substituted tetrachlorodibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxin and tetrachlorodibenzo[b,d]furans have been synthesized using 3,4-dichloroanisole, 2,3,6-trichlorophenol and 4,5-dichlorocatechol as starting materials and electrophilic and/or nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions for the assembly of the dibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxin and dibenzo[b,d]furan systems. The thus-obtained phenolic compounds were then alkylated with N-1-(4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohexylidene)ethyl (Dde)-protected 3-bromopropan-1-amine to give the corresponding N-Dde protected 3-aminopropoxy-substituted tetrachlorodibenzo[b,e][1,

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16

Merica, Simona G., and Nigel J. Bunce. "Synthesis of nitropolychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (NPCDDs) and their photochemical reaction with nucleophiles." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 73, no. 6 (1995): 826–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v95-103.

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A series of nitropolychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (NPCDDs) was synthesized by condensation between catechols and 2,6-dinitrohalobenzene derivatives. In the presence of sodium ethoxide in anhydrous ethanol, these underwent photochemical SN2Ar* substitutions meta to the nitro group in high chemical yield and moderate quantum yield. Both ring-opening and chloride replacement reactions were observed. The reactions involved the triplet excited state of the NPCDD, and showed a linear relationship between Φ−1 and [nucleophile]−1. Analogous reactions with KCN in methanol showed similar behaviour, but the p

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17

Clavier, Sylvain, Mostafa Khouili, Pascal Bouyssou, and Gerard Coudert. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Naphtho[2,3-b][1,4]dioxin, 2-Substituted Naphtho[2,3-b][1,4]dioxins and 2,3-Disubstituted Naphtho[2,3-b][1,4]dioxins." ChemInform 33, no. 29 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200229164.

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18

Łechtańska, Patrycja, and Grzegorz Wielgosiński. "The use of ammonium sulfate as an inhibitor of dioxin synthesis in iron ore sintering process." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 21, no. 1 (2014): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eces-2014-0005.

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Abstract The main air pollutants in the sintering process of iron ore are polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and harmful dust. Ore sintering on sinter strands is one of the first technology steps in the ironworks. It is a process in which iron ore is crushed, subjected to annealing and mixed with appropriate additives, and then sintered in order to produce sinter which is the main component of iron in the blast furnace process. PCDD/Fs emissions were measured and the addition of ammonium sulfate as an inhibitor of the synthesis of dioxins in the sinterin

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19

Zhong, Jian Jun, Gang Zhang, Jing Hai, et al. "Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans from a Grate-Type Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator in China." Advanced Materials Research 878 (January 2014): 616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.878.616.

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The emission characteristics of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were evaluated from a grate-type municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI). The stack flue gas, fly ash and bottom ash samples were sampled and analyzed. Results indicated that the flue gas, fly ash and bottom ash presented their mean dioxin levels of 0.0723 ng I-TEQ/Nm3, 0.614 ng I-TEQ/g and 13.33 ng I-TEQ/kg respectively. The PCDD/Fs congener patterns, in flue gas, fly ash and bottom ash, showed large similarities in both concentration and I-TEQ profiles. The de novo synthesis plays a dominant role i

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20

Fang, Tai-Shan, Wang-Ping Mei, Tsing-Hsing Chang, and S. J. Shih-Chen. "Photochemical Synthesis and Characterization of8,9-Dihydroacenaphtho-[1,2-b][1,4]Dioxins." Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society 32, no. 4 (1985): 457–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jccs.198500071.

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21

ApSimon, J. W., T. Lee Collier, and N. D. Venayak. "Synthesis of polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins as analytical and toxicological standards." Chemosphere 14, no. 6-7 (1985): 881–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(85)90208-5.

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22

Petrick, K., and M. S. McLachlan. "Rapid Synthesis of Some Lower Brominated13C-Labelled Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans and Mixed Brominated/Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins." International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 62, no. 1 (1996): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03067319608027049.

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23

Kunzevich, Anatolii D., Vladimir F. Golovkov, and Vladimir R. Rembovskii. "Dibenzo-p-dioxins. Methods of synthesis, chemical properties, and hazard assessment." Russian Chemical Reviews 65, no. 1 (1996): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/rc1996v065n01abeh000198.

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24

Janssens, J. J., and P. J. C. Schepens. "On thede novo synthesis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans." Biological Mass Spectrometry 16, no. 1-12 (1988): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200160132.

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25

Patterson, D. G., V. V. Reddy, E. R. Barnhart, et al. "Synthesis and analytical characterization of all tetra to octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins." Chemosphere 19, no. 1-6 (1989): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(89)90317-2.

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26

Chatkittikunwong, W., and C. S. Creaser. "Microscale synthesis of bromo- and bromochloro-dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans." Chemosphere 28, no. 1 (1994): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(94)90197-x.

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27

Simonyan, L. M., and N. V. Demidova. "Dioxins and furans’ behavior in the process of zinc and lead removing from EAF dust." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 62, no. 11 (2019): 840–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2019-11-840-845.

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The use of galvanized scrap as a charge material for electric steel-smelting production leads to formation of metallurgical dust suitable for extraction of non-ferrous metals. Chlorine and organic compounds content in metallurgical charge can lead to dioxins and furans formation in the process of electric smelting with their subsequent sedimentation on EAF dust. In the previous study we determined dioxins and furans content in dust at the level of 474 ng/kg of EAF dust. The methodology for conducting an experiment in a muﬄe furnace at temperatures of 300, 600, 900 and 1150 °Cwas developed for

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28

Singh, Anuradha, Heldur Hakk, and Sara Lupton. "Facile synthesis of bromo- and mixed bromo/chloro dibenzo-p-dioxins and [14C]-labeled 1,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzo-p-dioxin." Chemosphere 239 (January 2020): 124626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124626.

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29

Yoshioka, Wataru, and Chiharu Tohyama. "Mechanisms of Developmental Toxicity of Dioxins and Related Compounds." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 3 (2019): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20030617.

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Dioxins and related compounds induce morphological abnormalities in developing animals in an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent manner. Here we review the studies in which 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is used as a prototypical compound to elucidate the pathogenesis of morphological abnormalities. TCDD-induced cleft palate in fetal mice involves a delay in palatogenesis and dissociation of fused palate shelves. TCDD-induced hydronephrosis, once considered to be caused by the anatomical obstruction of the ureter, is now separated into TCDD-induced obstructive and non-obstruc

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30

Wu, Liyao, Fei He, Jiaqi Luo, and Shantang Liu. "Synthesis of three-dimensional ordered mesoporous MnOx/CeO2 bimetal oxides for the catalytic combustion of chlorobenzene." RSC Advances 7, no. 43 (2017): 26952–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra02299a.

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A series of CeO<sub>2</sub> supported ordered mesoporous MnO<sub>x</sub>/CeO<sub>2</sub> bimetal oxides with 3-D bi-continuous pore structure were prepared by an incipient-wetness impregnation method, and used in the catalytic combustion of chlorobenzene (CB) as a model of dioxins.

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31

Sakhabutdinova, G., R. Sultanova, S. Zlotskiy, and G. Zinurovna. "A New One-Pot Synthesis of Polysubstituted Benzofurans and Benzo-1,4-Dioxins." Доклады академии наук 482, no. 5 (2018): 543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086956520003035-1.

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32

Hellberg, Jonas, Emma Dahlstedt, and Margit E. Pelcman. "Synthesis of annulated dioxins as electron-rich donors for cation radical salts." Tetrahedron 60, no. 40 (2004): 8899–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2004.07.017.

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33

Massacret, Magali, Paul Lhoste, Rajae Lakhmiri, Teodor Parella, and Denis Sinou. "Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2-Vinyl-2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxins." European Journal of Organic Chemistry 1999, no. 10 (1999): 2665–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(199910)1999:10<2665::aid-ejoc2665>3.0.co;2-0.

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34

Jaeger, M., and M. Mayer. "The Noell Conversion Process – a gasification process for the pollutant-free disposal of sewage sludge and the recovery of energy and materials." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 8 (2000): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0140.

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The Noell Conversion Process was developed to guarantee the safe disposal of sewage sludge and other waste materials by means of thermal treatment, evenwith very strict emission standards. The center piece of this process is a pressurized entrained flow gasifier. The reactin conditions in this gasifier does not only suppresses the formation of dioxins and furans, but also completely destroys any dioxins and furans contained in the waste materials. Another advantage of the Noell Conversion Process referring the thermal treatment of sewage sludge is the recovery of marketable substances such as

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35

Takaoka, Masaki, Atsuhiro Shiono, Kohei Nishimura, et al. "Dynamic Change of Copper in Fly Ash during de Novo Synthesis of Dioxins." Environmental Science & Technology 39, no. 15 (2005): 5878–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es048019f.

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36

Kimber, Marc C., and Dennis K. Taylor. "ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Synthesis of Cyclopropanes from Stabilized Phosphonates and 1,2-Dioxins." ChemInform 33, no. 51 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200251091.

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37

Hinton, W. S., and A. M. Lane. "Synthesis of polychlorinated dioxins over MSW incinerator fly ash to identify catalytic species." Chemosphere 23, no. 7 (1991): 831–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(91)90088-u.

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38

Hellberg, Jonas, and Margit E. Pelcman. "Synthesis of annulated dioxins and their use as donors for cation radical salts." Tetrahedron Letters 35, no. 11 (1994): 1769–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-4039(94)88342-4.

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39

F. Tietze, Lutz, Kristina F. Wilckens, Sinem Yilmaz, Florian Stecker, and Julia Zinngrebe. "Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxins and -oxazins via a Domino Wacker-Heck Reaction." HETEROCYCLES 70, no. 1 (2006): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-06-s(w)24.

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40

Massacret, Magali, Paul Lhoste, Rajae Lakhmiri, Teodor Parella, and Denis Sinou. "ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2-Vinyl-2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxins." ChemInform 31, no. 2 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200002168.

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41

Flippin, J. L., J. M. Hedge, M. J. DeVito, G. A. LeBlanc, and K. M. Crofton. "Predictive Modeling of a Mixture of Thyroid Hormone Disrupting Chemicals That Affect Production and Clearance of Thyroxine." International Journal of Toxicology 28, no. 5 (2009): 368–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581809341883.

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Thyroid hormone (TH) disrupting compounds interfere with both thyroidal and extrathyroidal mechanisms to decrease circulating thyroxine (T4). This research tested the hypothesis that serum T4 concentrations of rodents exposed to a mixture of both TH synthesis inhibitors (pesticides) and stimulators of T4 clearance in the liver (polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, PHAHs) could be best predicted by an integrated addition model. Female Long-Evans rats, 23 days of age, were dosed with dilutions of a mixture of 18 PHAHs (2 dioxins, 4 dibenzofurans, and 12 PCBs, including dioxin-like and non-diox

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42

Huang, H., and A. Buekens. "De novo synthesis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans Proposal of a mechanistic scheme." Science of The Total Environment 193, no. 2 (1996): 121–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(96)05330-2.

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43

HELLBERG, J., and M. E. PELCMAN. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Annulated Dioxins and Their Use as Donors for Cation Radical Salts." ChemInform 25, no. 34 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199434171.

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44

MERICA, S. G., and N. J. BUNCE. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Nitropolychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins (NPCDDs) and Their Photochemical Reaction with Nucleophiles." ChemInform 27, no. 10 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199610207.

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45

ADDINK, R., and E. R. ALTWICKER. "Role of Copper Compounds in the De Novo Synthesis of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins/Dibenzofurans." Environmental Engineering Science 15, no. 1 (1998): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ees.1998.15.19.

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46

Mason, G., M. A. Denomme, L. Safe, and S. Safe. "Polybrominated and chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins: synthesis biologic and toxic effects and structure-activity relationships." Chemosphere 16, no. 8-9 (1987): 1729–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(87)90158-5.

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47

Pekárek, Vladimír, Roland Weber, Roman Grabic, et al. "Matrix effects on the de novo synthesis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, biphenyls and benzenes." Chemosphere 68, no. 1 (2007): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.12.069.

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48

Kong, Song Tao, Ping Cai, Li Jun Zhao, and Jiang Tao Wei. "Gasifying Kinetics Analysis on Mixing Municipal Solid Waste and Sludge." Advanced Materials Research 650 (January 2013): 629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.650.629.

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To gasify the mixture of sludge coming from urban sewage treatment residual and MSW is an ideal way to control the combustion of dioxins and other substances which pollute the atmosphere. Due to the complex composition of MSW and changing rapidly in the gasification parameters as much as possible, engineering require main ingredients and calorific value. The main ingredients of typical municipal sewage sludge and MSW are measured on thermobalance pyrolysis. The kinetics parameters of the gasification reaction are obtained, such as the activation energy and pre-exponential factor. These paramet

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49

Weber, Roland, and Hanspaul Hagenmaier. "Synthesis and analysis of mixed chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and assessment of formation and occurrence of the fluorinated and chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans." Chemosphere 34, no. 1 (1997): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(96)00364-5.

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50

Addink, Ruud, Harrie A. J. Govers, and Kees Olie. "Isomer Distributions of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins/Dibenzofurans Formed during De Novo Synthesis on Incinerator Fly Ash." Environmental Science & Technology 32, no. 13 (1998): 1888–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es971077z.

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