Journal articles: 'Diphthong'

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Chitoran, Ioana, and José Ignacio Hualde. "From hiatus to diphthong: the evolution of vowel sequences in Romance." Phonology 24, no. 1 (May 2007): 37–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095267570700111x.

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Romance languages show hiatus and diphthongal realisations of inherited iV sequences of rising sonority (e.g. ia). We study five Romance varieties with different degrees of contrast between the two realisation types: Romanian, with a diphthong–hiatus contrast, Spanish, with a weaker contrast, French, with no contrast (all diphthongs), and European and Brazilian Portuguese, with no contrast (all hiatus). We show that the different degrees of synchronic contrast are related to three independent factors: (i) a general articulatory tendency for [iV] hiatus to resolve to diphthongs, due to the relative stability of diphthongal articulations; (ii) a structural ‘attractor’ effect of pre-existing [jV] diphthongs in a language, from different historical sources; and (iii) prosodic lengthening effects which inhibit the shift from hiatus to diphthong, supported by phonetic studies of durational patterns across the five languages.

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Dosia, Putri Ayu, and Akhyar Rido. "Production of English Diphthongs: A Speech Study." TEKNOSASTIK 15, no. 1 (June 13, 2017): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33365/ts.v15i1.17.

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In the 21th century, English is a key of all elements in education, politics, economy and international trade. English is even used in most of International events. This study aimed at analysing the official speech of Mr. Joko Widodo known as Jokowi, the seventh President of Republic of Indonesia, in APEC forum 2014 in China, focusing on the production of diphthongs. The researchers used conceptual framework of Roach that divides diphthong into two types; first, closing diphthong such as /eɪ/, /aɪ/, /ɔɪ/,/әʊ/,/aʊ/ and second, centring diphthong like /ɪә/, /eә/,/ʊә/. This study employed qualitative method while the data were collected through library research. This study found 71 data of English diphthong. Diphthong /eɪ/ was produced 21 times, diphthong /aɪ/ was used 15 times, diphthong /ɔɪ/ was mentioned once, diphthong /aʊ/ was stated 7 times, diphthong /әʊ/ was produced 16 times, diphthong /ɪә/ used 6 times, diphthong /eә/ was mentioned 3 times, and diphthong /ʊә/ was stated twice. In other words, this study showed that Mr. Jokowi could produce the diphthong sounds that matched the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. However, this study also found that he faced challenges in producing many diphthong sounds by frequently producing diphthongs sounds as pure vowels.

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Sumbayak, Desri Maria. "The Diphthongs: The Obstacles for Indonesian Speakers of English." Lingua Cultura 3, no. 2 (November 30, 2009): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/lc.v3i2.337.

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Article investigated the difficulties of Indonesian speaker of English in producing diphthongs /eɪ/ and /oʊ/. Five postgraduate students and five spouses of students at University of Canberra participated in this study. The participants were recorded in pronouncing /eɪ/ and /oʊ/ by reading lists of words and a story. The data were analysed by two Australian native speakers. Interrater reliability was calculated by using Cohen’s Kappa. The percentage was used to see the accurate diphthong realisations. The results showed that diphthong /oʊ/ was relatively more problematic than diphthong/eɪ/ and the students produced more diphthongs accurately than the spouses. The results also revealed that the ability to produce the diphthongs accurately was influenced by English proficiency and the type of tasks where diphthongs were pronounced.

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Pratiwi, Desy Riana, and Lia Maulia Indrayani. "Pronunciation Error on English Diphthongs Made by EFL Students." TEKNOSASTIK 19, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33365/ts.v19i1.486.

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This research addresses pronunciation errors of English diphthongs made by EFL students. The data were collected from pronunciation recordings of 9 post-graduate students who were studying linguistics in the second year. Three of the respondents were male and 6 female students. Studies show that different backgrounds and cultures affect sounds and sound styles as they are related to pronunciation or language styles. The purpose of this research was to analyze and describe the pronunciation errors of English diphthongs made by EFL students. Diphthong is divided into two types, namely GA (General American) and SSBE (Standard Southern British English) or commonly referred to as British accent. To collect the data, the researchers recorded students’ pronunciations using a smartphone. The data collected were then analyzed by employing qualitative and quantitative descriptive methods. The results show that 4 students used SSBE diphthong accent and 5 used GA diphthong accents. In this analysis, there were also 4 students who made pronunciation errors in pronouncing [eɪ], [ɛə], [ʊə] and [aɪ] diphthongs, 3 students had problems about [aʊ] and 2 students mispronounced [oʊ] diphthong.

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Milner, Allison. "El diptongo/hiato como rasgo contrastivo: un estudio perceptual con hablantes de herencia de español." Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 14, no. 2 (September 1, 2021): 459–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/shll-2021-2052.

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Abstract This study examines the perception of diphthongs and hiatuses in 11 heritage Spanish speakers and 6 Spanish-dominant bilingual speakers with an AXB discrimination task (Lukyanchenko, Anna & Kira Gor. 2011. Perceptual correlates of phonological representations in heritage speakers and L2 learners. In Nick Danis, Kate Mesh & Hyunsuk Sung (eds.), Proceedings of the 35th annual Boston University conference on language development, 414–426. Sommerville, MA: Cascadilla Press). In Spanish, diphthongs and hiatuses represent distinct vocalic sequences (Schwegler, Armin, Juergen Kempff & Ana Ameal-Guerra. 2010. Fonética y fonología españolas, 4th edn. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley). However, there are words in which the pronunciation of the vocalic sequence as either a diphthong or hiatus serves as a contrastive feature, as in the example of ley / leí (Face, Timothy L. & Scott M. Alvord. 2004. Lexical and acoustic factors in the perception of the Spanish diphthong vs. Hiatus contrast. Hispania 87(3). 553–564; Hualde, José I. & Mónica Prieto. 2002. On the diphthong/hiatus contrast in Spanish: Some experimental results. Linguistics 40(2). 217–234). Given that these features also exist in English, albeit in different forms, does L2 influence of English impact heritage Spanish listeners' perception of diphthongs and hiatuses in Spanish? Specifically, this study examines discrimination between the diphthong / hiatus as a contrasting feature with /a e o/ as the nucleic vowel in the diphthongs. Results indicate that there is not a significant difference in discrimination between heritage speakers and Spanish-dominant bilinguals. Additionally, the nucleic vowel in the diphthong tokens is a significant factor for the ability to discriminate diphthongs vs. hiatuses in heritage Spanish speakers. The findings of this study contribute to the corpus of phonetic studies focusing on heritage Spanish speakers and perception in their heritage language.

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Balas, Anna. "English Centering Diphthong Production by Polish Learners of English." Research in Language 7 (December 23, 2009): 129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10015-009-0009-2.

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The paper shows how British English centering diphthongs are adapted to the vowel space of Polish learners of English. The goal is to focus on complex vowels and the interaction of qualitative and quantitative features. Acoustic analysis revealed various processes used to overcome pronunciation difficulties: /j/ and /w/ breaking, /r/ insertion, substitutions of other vocalic qualities, changes in diphthong duration and diphthong phases duration, and changes in the rate of frequency change.

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Kerswill, Paul, Eivind Nessa Torgersen, and Susan Fox. "Reversing “drift”: Innovation and diffusion in the London diphthong system." Language Variation and Change 20, no. 3 (October 2008): 451–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394508000148.

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AbstractThis study contributes to innovation and diffusion models by examining phonetic changes in London English. It evaluates Sapir's notion of “drift,” which involves “natural,” unconscious change, in relation to these changes. Investigating parallel developments in two related varieties of English enables drift to be tested in terms of the effect of extralinguistic factors. The diphthongs ofprice,mouth,face, andgoatin both London and New Zealand English are characterized by “Diphthong Shift,” a process that continued unabated in New Zealand. A new, large data set of London speech shows Diphthong Shift reversal, providing counterevidence for drift. We discuss Diphthong Shift and its “reversal” in relation to innovation, diffusion, leveling, and supralocalization, arguing that sociolinguistic factors and dialect contact override natural Diphthong Shift. Studying dialect change in a metropolis, with its large and linguistically innovative minority ethnic population, is of the utmost importance in understanding the dynamics of change.

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Stokes, Stephanie F., Jessica Tse-Kay Lau, and Valter Ciocca. "The Interaction of Ambient Frequency and Feature Complexity in the Diphthong Errors of Children With Phonological Disorders." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 45, no. 6 (December 2002): 1188–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002/096).

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This study examined the interaction of ambient frequency and feature complexity in the diphthong errors produced by Cantonese-speaking children with phonological disorders. A total of 611 diphthongs produced by 13 Cantonese-speaking children with speech disorders were subjected to perceptual analysis. The percentage accuracy of production and error patterns was examined. Perceptual analysis showed that /i/ and /ui/ were most frequently in error, whereas /ei/, /ou/, and /u/ were least frequently in error. Diphthong errors (usually diphthong reduction) arise as a function of both ambient frequency and feature complexity. The combination of ambient frequency and feature complexity yields a complexity metric reflecting accuracy of production. Treatment guidelines include consideration of three basic factors: ambient frequency, feature complexity, and error patterns.

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Marlia, Marlia. "KESALAHAN PELAFALAN KOSAKATA DIFTONG DAN BUKAN DIFTONG SISWA BIPA 1 DI DAVAO CITY - FILIPINA." Dialektika: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 6, no. 1 (October 2, 2019): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/dialektika.v6i1.7470.

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Abstract: BIPA students in Davao City - the Philippines mostly use Visaya in their daily lives. In addition, some of them are still affected by Spanish in the pronounciation of the sounds of the language. This is the main influence of pronounciation errors in Indonesian vocabulary. This research examines the pronunciation of vocabulary with diphthong and not diphthong in Bahasa Indonesia. The purpose of this analysis is to describe the mistakes of BIPA students in pronouncing diphthong double vowels and not diphthongs and to explain the solutions that can be done to minimize these errors. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The finding in this research is that there are errors in vocal pronunciation of double diphthong and not diphthong. As many as 96% recite the double diphthong correctly and 4% still pronounce incorrectly. 67% recite double vowels instead of diphthongs being diphthongs and 33% recite double vowels separately (read every letter in the final syllable). This happens because of three things. First, the influence of the Visaya language. Second, the influence of Spanish. Third, the presence of allophones in Indonesian vowels. These problems can be overcome in three ways. First, through spoken-syllable techniques. Second, through the technique of imitation. Third, through repeated words. Through this research, it is expected to be able to help BIPA students in reciting Indonesian vocabulary, especially duplicate vocabulary, so that pronunciation errors can be minimized.Abstrak: Siswa BIPA di Davao City – Filipina mayoritas menggunakan bahasa Visaya dalam kehidupan sehari-harinya. Selain itu, sebagian di antara mereka masih terpengaruh bahasa Spanyol dalam pelafalan bunyi bahasa. Hal inilah menjadi pengaruh utama kesalahan pelafalan dalam kosa kata bahasa Indonesia. Riset ini mengkaji pelafalan kosa kata bervokal rangkap diftong dan bukan diftong bahasa Indonesia. Tujuan dilakukan analisis ini adalah mendeskripsikan kekeliruan siswa BIPA dalam pelafalan vokal rangkap diftong dan bukan diftong serta memaparkan solusi yang dapat dilakukan untuk meminimalkan kesalahan tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Temuan dalam riset ini adalah adanya kekeliruan pelafalan vokal rangkap diftong dan bukan diftong. Sebanyak 96% melafalkan vokal rangkap diftong dengan benar dan 4% masih melafalkan salah. Sebanyak 67% melafalkan vokal rangkap bukan diftong menjadi diftong dan 33% melafalkan vokal rangkap secara terpisah (dibaca per huruf di silabel akhir). Hal ini terjadi disebabkan oleh tiga hal. Pertama, pengaruh bahasa Visaya. Kedua, pengaruh bahasa Spanyol. Ketiga, adanya alofon dalam vokal rangkap bahasa Indonesia. Masalah-masalah tersebut dapat diatasi melalui tiga cara. Pertama, melalui teknik ucap – silabel. Kedua, melalui teknik ucap – tiru. Ketiga, melalui ucap – ulang. Melalui riset ini, diharapkan dapat membantu siswa BIPA dalam melafalkan kosa kata bahasa Indonesia, terutama kosa kata bervokal rangkap, sehingga kesalahan pelafalan dapat diminimalkan.

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Lindau-Webb, Mona. "Hausa vowels and dipthongs." Studies in African Linguistics 16, no. 2 (August 1, 1985): 161–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v16i2.107504.

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Acoustic properties of Hausa vowels and diphthongs from several speakers are investigated. The results show that Hausa is best described as having a five vowel system, where the five basic vowels have the qualities of the long vowels. Long vowels are derived as double basic vowels. The qualities of the short vowels are significantly different from those of the long vowels, but these quality differences can be accounted for by an undershoot mechanism in the speech production. The diphthong /au/ is modeled, using the formant frequencies of /a/ and /u/ with an interpolation in accordance with a trinomial equation. The diphthong /ai/ is mostly realized as a long [e:] phonetically.

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Hitch, Doug. "Contracted Semivowels in Old Khotanese." Indo-Iranian Journal 59, no. 3 (2016): 259–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15728536-05903001.

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This completes a study begun with ‘Contracted Diphthongs in Old Khotanese’ (2015b) of the contractions seen in the secondary declensions. Here are examined the phenomena of diphthong resolution, semivocalization and glide resolution. Metrical patterns in the great Buddhist poem known as The Book of Zambasta are used to reveal word structure not shown by the orthography. The diphthongs revealed in the earlier study, written CyV or CvV may resolve into CiyV (CäyV) or CuvV but keep the same metrical count. Oblique plural is recognized as a distinct grammatical category and it is shown how the oblique plural suffixes induce semivocalization rather than diphthongization. The orthographic sequences containing a semi-vowel, CyV or CvV, are identical to those containing a diphthong. They may also resolve orthographically to CiyV (CäyV) or CuvV, but with these resolved glides an extra mora is added to the metrical count. An explanation is offered for the unusual morphophonological behavior and metrical distribution of the IAP morpheme -yau. Many of the contraction processes may also be seen with verb stems ending in /i/ and /u/.

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Jowitt, David. "In defence of triphthongs." English Today 17, no. 3 (July 2001): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078401003054.

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The vowel phonemes of English conventionally subdivide into ‘pure’ vowels and diphthongs, and diphthongs are a well recognised component of the system. Triphthongs are a different story. The very word ‘triphthong’ sounds faintly preposterous, as if somebody has dared a coinage with ‘diphthong’ and wants to have some further fun. Without wishing to prejudge the question of the actual existence of triphthongs, I shall use the word to refer to a sequence of three vocalic elements that may be interpreted as a single unit and, as a phoneme, has a contrastive function.

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Maclagan, Margaret A., and Elizabeth Gordon. "Out of the AIR and into the EAR: Another view of the New Zealand diphthong merger." Language Variation and Change 8, no. 1 (March 1996): 125–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394500001095.

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ABSTRACTIn this article, we report on the results of a study of the diphthongs EAR and AIR, which are merging for many New Zealand speakers. Each stage of the study, which has been repeated at five-year intervals since 1983, involves the analysis of word lists and sentences read by over 100 14- and 15-year-old school pupils. The results show a clear trend toward a merger to the EAR diphthong. This is also confirmed in a study carried out in 1994 of 79 speakers (selected according to age, sex, and socioeconomic class) reading six word pairs. The results from both of these studies differ from those reported by Holmes and Bell (1992). We suggest the reasons for the different results could be methodological, and that the mechanism of the merger is merger by approximation after the AIR diphthong became involved in the New Zealand front vowel chain-shift raising.

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Anwar, Yasinta, and Pasca Kalisa. "Students’ Problems in Pronouncing Non-Existing English Diphthongs in Indonesian Language." Language Circle: Journal of Language and Literature 15, no. 1 (October 19, 2020): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/lc.v15i1.26261.

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One of the difficulties in learning the English language faced by Indonesian students is how to pronounce English sounds correctly. For several Indonesian students, producing English diphthong sounds could be difficult especially English diphthong sounds which do not exist in Indonesian ([ɪə], [ʊə], [eɪ], [eə] and [oʊ]). This study investigated the Indonesian students’ problems English diphthong pronunciation. The objective of this study was to describe how well the English diphthong sounds are pronounced by the students and to find out the kind of errors that were mostly found in the pronunciation of students. The participants of this study were 35 students of the eleventh grade of SMK N 2 Salatiga. The instruments were the production test containing English diphthong sounds and interviews as additional data. In determining the achievement, the level of criterion by Tinambunan’s criterion was used. Based on the data analysis, the total average of the incorrect numbers of English diphthong sounds in pronunciation made by students was 69% which was categorized as fair. In addition to it, the kinds of errors mostly found in the students’ pronunciation English diphthong sounds were omission errors. According to the result of the interview, the causes of the errors were unfamiliarity of knowing English diphthong sounds, so the sounds of English appeared to pronounce with the closest Indonesian sounds.

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Almutalabi, Mukhalad Malik. "Analysing the Improper Pronunciation of Diphthongs by Iraqi EFL learners." JURNAL ARBITRER 5, no. 1 (April 28, 2018): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/ar.5.1.17-22.2018.

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The current study aims at analysing the improper pronunciation of Iraqi EFL learners concerning the pronunciation of diphthongs in words of various syllables. It describes and identifies thoroughly the mispronunciations of such important sounds in English language. The study attempts at analysing such mispronunciations by clarifying and assigning the phonetic deviations of Iraqi EFL learners when they pronounce diphthongs. So the main objective of the study is to analyse the errors committed by Iraqi learners in the pronunciation of diphthongs grouping each error into its specific category. To verify the objective of the paper, 25 Iraqi EFL learners from the department of English at Cihan University/ Slemani are chosen to be the main participants of the study. The test which was conducted in the laboratory of the Department of English contained 10 words comprising various diphthongs. The results clearly revealed that mispronouncing English diphthongs by Iraqi EFL were mostly observed by replacing the required diphthong with another improper one and they also tended to use simple vowels instead of the correct required diphthongs.

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Davis, Stuart, and Michael Hammond. "On the status of onglides in American English." Phonology 12, no. 2 (August 1995): 159–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675700002463.

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In many languages the issue arises as to whether an onglide patters as part of the syllable onset or forms the first part of a (rising) diphthong with the immediately following vowel. If it is part of the syllable onset, the structure of a CGV syllable would be as in (1), but if it forms the first part of a diphthong the structure of a CGV syllable could either be as in (2a) with a monomoraic diphthong (where the glide is ‘co-moraic’ with the following vowel) or as in (2b) with a bimoraic diphthong (C = consonant, G = glide, V = vowel, μ = mora, and σ = syllable).

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Geumann, Anja, and Markus Hiller. "Diphthong dynamics in Swabian." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 100, no. 4 (October 1996): 2687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.417018.

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Shelton, Michael, and Hannah Grant. "Syllable weight in monolingual and heritage Spanish." Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 11, no. 2 (September 25, 2018): 395–427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/shll-2018-0015.

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AbstractThis study presents two experiments employing a naming task that test the modulation of stress assignment by syllable structure in Spanish. The first replicates the findings of a previous study in which words containing arguably heavy penultimate diphthongs provoke higher error rates than putatively light monophthong controls when marked for antepenultimate stress. This result is interpreted as support for quantity sensitivity in the language. This experiment also replicates a subtler finding of differential patterning between rising and falling diphthong in their interaction with Spanish stress, suggesting gradient sensitivity to patterns in the lexicon. The second experiment presents the results of an identical task with Spanish-English heritage speakers in which the general effect of syllable weight is replicated, while the effect of diphthong type does not emerge. An analysis of error types suggests that varying levels of reading proficiency among heritage speakers may have led to the lack of the latter result, while still revealing sensitivity to frequencies in the lexicon. The combined results are offered as further evidence of quantity sensitivity among both monolingual and bilingual speakers of Spanish and provide further data in the understudied subfield of heritage phonotactics.

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Myers, Scott. "An Acoustic Study of Sandhi Vowel Hiatus in Luganda." Language and Speech 63, no. 3 (July 23, 2019): 506–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023830919862842.

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In Luganda (Bantu, Uganda), a sequence of vowels in successive syllables (V.V) is not allowed. If the first vowel is high, the two vowels are joined together in a diphthong (e.g., i + a → i͜a). If the first vowel is non-high, it is deleted with compensatory lengthening of the second vowel in the sequence (e.g., e + a → aː). This paper presents an acoustic investigation of inter-word V#V sequences in Luganda. It was found that the vowel interval in V#V sequences is longer than that in V#C sequences. When the first vowel in V#V is non-high, the formant frequency of the outcome is determined by the second vowel in the sequence. When the first vowel is high, on the other hand, the sequence is realized as a diphthong, with the transition between the two formant patterns taking up most of the duration. The durational patterns within these diphthongs provide evidence against the transcription-based claim that these sequences are reorganized so that the length lies in the second vowel (/i#V/ → [jVː]). The findings bring into question a canonical case of compensatory lengthening conditioned by glide formation.

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Clark, Michael J., and James M. Hillenbrand. "Quality of back vowels before /r/ in the American Inland North." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 37, no. 3 (December 2007): 275–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100307003118.

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Three American English diphthongs involving onsets in the back of the vowel space were investigated by means of acoustic measurements, discriminant analysis, and perceptual experiments. These diphthongs, termed DOOR/WAR, TOY, and STAR, were observed in the speech of ten young women residing in southern Michigan. The diphthongs were elicited in a variety of /b/-, /ɡ/-, and /h/-initial words (e.g. board, Boyd, and barred). Words with similar consonantal margins but different nuclei (e.g. bode, baud, and bod) were elicited, as well. The DOOR/WAR and TOY words were compared with bode and baud (and similar words with initial /ɡ/ and /h/), while the STAR words were compared with baud and bod (and similar words with initial /ɡ/ and /h/). All three methods of investigation showed that the initial part of the DOOR/WAR and TOY diphthongs more closely resembles that of bode than baud. On the other hand, the initial part of the STAR diphthong was shown to be intermediate between that of baud and that of bod.

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Saadah, Fatihatus, and Havid Ardi. "The Analysis of Students’ Pronunciation Error on English Diphthong Made by Fifth Semester of English Language Education Program Universitas Negeri Padang." Journal of English Language Teaching 9, no. 1 (March 8, 2020): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jelt.v9i1.107829.

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This study aims to determine students’ pronunciation error in pronouncing English diphthong sounds made by students of English language Program Universitas Negeri Padang. This research is descriptive quantitative with 219 population. The sample of this study was 25 students chosen by various origin who were selected by using purposive sampling technique. The data were collected through pronunciation test and analyzed by using formula and the rubric score, while the students’ recordings were transcribed. The finding of this research showed that ability of students in pronouncing diphthong were fair (60.00%), good (24.00%), poor (12.00%) and very good only one students (2.00%). Therefore, it can be concluded that there are eight kinds of diphthong pronunciation error and various result of students’ ability. As the result, students need to practice more in pronouncing diphthong in order to improve their ability.

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Novarita, Novarita. "The Students’ Ability in Pronouncing Centering Diphthongs of The Beginner Level Students of English Genius Course Simpang Okus." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE TEACHING AND EDUCATION 1, no. 1 (February 20, 2018): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/ijolte.v1i1.4589.

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The problem of this study was concerned to the students’ ability in Pronouncing Centering Diphthongs of The Beginner Level Students of English Genius Course Simpang OKUS. The objective of this study were to find out the students’ ability ability in Pronouncing Centering Diphthongs of The Beginner Level Students of English Genius Course Simpang OKUS and to find out the factors influence the students’ ability in Pronouncing Centering Diphthongs of The Beginner Level Students of English Genius Course Simpang OKUS. In this investigation, the writer used descriptive method. The population of the research was the beginner level students of English Genius Course Simpang OKUS. The were 73 students, which was consisted of four classes. In this research, the researcher used all the population, the total population was 73 students as the sample. The students’ ability in Pronouncing Centering Diphthongs of The Beginner Level Students of English Genius Course Simpang OKUS was good or relatively able. Based on the result of questionnaire, the dominant factors that influence the students’ ability in Pronouncing Centering Diphthongs of The Beginner Level Students of English Genius Course Simpang OKUS were outcomes and engagement. Keywords : Ability, Pronouncing, Centering Diphthong

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Dromey, Christopher, Michelle Richins, and Tanner Low. "Kinematic and Acoustic Changes to Vowels and Diphthongs in Bite Block Speech." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 64, no. 6 (June 4, 2021): 1794–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_jslhr-20-00630.

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Purpose We examined the effect of bite block insertion (BBI) on lingual movements and formant frequencies in corner vowel and diphthong production in a sentence context. Method Twenty young adults produced the corner vowels (/u/, /ɑ/, /æ/, /i/) and the diphthong /ɑɪ/ in sentence contexts before and after BBI. An electromagnetic articulograph measured the movements of the tongue back, middle, and front. Results There were significant decreases in the acoustic vowel articulation index and vowel space area following BBI. The kinematic vowel articulation index decreased significantly for the back and middle of the tongue but not for the front. There were no significant acoustic changes post-BBI for the diphthong, other than a longer transition duration. Diphthong kinematic changes after BBI included smaller movements for the back and middle of the tongue, but not the front. Conclusions BBI led to a smaller acoustic working space for the corner vowels. The adjustments made by the front of the tongue were sufficient to compensate for the BBI perturbation in the diphthong, resulting in unchanged formant trajectories. The back and middle of the tongue were likely biomechanically restricted in their displacement by the fixation of the jaw, whereas the tongue front showed greater movement flexibility.

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Kusuma, Invandri, and Moh Khoirul Anam. "JAVANESE ADJECTIVE INTENSIFIER DIPHTHONG IN PONOROGO: GENERATIVE TRANSFORMATIONAL PHONOLOGY STUDY." Lingua Didaktika: Jurnal Bahasa dan Pembelajaran Bahasa 13, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/ld.v13i2.106750.

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Intensifying words commonly use word like very, absolutely, etc. However, Javanese people not only use the words but also change the sound of the word. This study aims to examine the diphthong pattern of the adjective intensifier in Javanese in Ponorogo. The pattern was examined using the Transformational Generative Phonology to describe the phonological rules of adjective intensifiers. The number of the data was 65 of the most commonly used adjective words. When collecting data, the techniques used were random sampling by taking 35 informants from five districts in Ponorogo. The literature and note-taking technique functions to document the speech of the speaker, while to analyze the data the distributional method is used. The results of the study found that the patterns of diphthong sound are [ua], [uə], [ue], [uɛ], [uo], [uɔ], [ui] and [ɔu]. The diphthongs are divided into three types based on the classification of basic vocal sounds that undergo phonological changes, namely ascending, centering and descending. The vowel phoneme /u/ becomes the underlying to express the 'intensifying' nature into all the vowels afterwards, while the allophonic vowel [ɔ] is more accepted as variations of the phoneme /u/ to 'intensify' when appearing before the sound [u] because they have the distinctive features [α back] and [β round]. This study also revealed that sound insertion happened only in the first syllable of a word. Keywords: Javanese Language, transformational generative, diphtong, adjective

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Makashay, Matthew J. "Dialectal differences in diphthong perception." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 106, no. 4 (October 1999): 2273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.428044.

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YOUNG, IAN. "THE DIPHTHONG *ay IN EDOMITE." Journal of Semitic Studies XXXVII, no. 1 (1992): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jss/xxxvii.1.27.

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Tye-Murray, Nancy, and Karen Iler Kirk. "Vowel and Diphthong Production by Young Users of Cochlear Implants and the Relationship Between the Phonetic Level Evaluation and Spontaneous Speech." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 36, no. 3 (June 1993): 488–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3603.488.

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This investigation assessed how the vowel and diphthong production of young users of cochlear implants varied over time and how performance on the Phonetic Level Evaluation (PLE, Ling, 1976) corresponded with vowel and diphthong production during spontaneous speech. Eight children with prelingual deafness were tested with the PLE on five occasions: before receiving a Cochlear Corporation Nucleus cochlear implant and at the following points after receiving a cochlear implant: 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, and 24 or 36 months. An audiovideo recording of spontaneous speech was obtained at each test session. Performance on the PLE was scored with the scoring system designed by Kirk and Hill-Brown (1985). Performance during spontaneous speaking was scored by referencing a transcription of the spoken message to a transcription of the signed message. The correlations between the PLE and the spontaneous speech measures were weak, suggesting that performance on the PLE has low predictive value for vowel and diphthong production during spontaneous speaking. The results from the spontaneous speech samples collected over time suggest that two changes occurred: (a) vowel and diphthong production became more diverse and (b) production became more accurate. It is suggested that increased access to formant information enables subjects to enlarge their system of phonological performance and refine their motoric ability to establish vowel and diphthong targets.

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Shelton, Michael, David Counselman, and Nicolás Gutiérrez Palma. "Metalinguistic Intuitions and Dominant Language Transfer in Heritage Spanish Syllabification." Heritage Language Journal 14, no. 3 (December 31, 2017): 288–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.46538/hlj14.3.4.

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While heritage speakers of Spanish have been shown to differ from monolingual speakers along many morphosyntactic lines, comparatively few studies in heritage linguistics have focused on phonology. To test whether the knowledge of English phonotactics would influence SpanishEnglish heritage speaker syllabification patterns in Spanish, 29 heritage and 29 monolingual speakers of Spanish completed a paper-and-pencil syllabification task in which they divided 80 Spanish words into syllables. Stimuli were controlled for comparisons between Spanish and English phonotactic constraints. Specific attention was placed on the syllabification of vocalic sequences as diphthongs or hiatus. Based on the distribution of diphthongs in English, and the findings of cognate effects in a similar study by Zárate-Sández (2011), heritage speakers were predicted to break diphthongs into hiatus more often in cognates than noncognates, more often when the English translation of a cognate presented hiatus, more in rising diphthongs than in falling diphthongs, and more often when a rising diphthong contained a palatal rather than velar glide. These effects were all present in heritage speaker results. No significant effects were found for monolingual controls. These findings offer new data to the understudied field of heritage phonology and to the ongoing discussion of dominant language transfer effects.

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Wangi, Wulan, and Dzicky Amiq Nudiya. "THE ANALYSIS OF PRONUNCIATION ERROR ON ENGLISH DIPHTHONGS MADE BY CERTIFIED TOUR GUIDES." Academic Journal Perspective : Education, Language, and Literature 8, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33603/perspective.v8i2.4244.

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As a rule, the tour guides speak English to introduce and describe the tourism object to the foreign tourist. The communication between tour guides and tourists should be worked without any obstruction to avoid misunderstanding. However, the pronunciation error on English diphthongs still occurred when the tour guides spoke English with the tourist. The objectives of this study were 1) analysing the types of pronunciation error on English diphthongs made by certified tour guides, 2) finding the most difficult English diphthongs made by certified tour guides, and 3) identifying the reasons of the pronunciation error on English diphthongs made by certified tour guides. The research method was descriptive qualitative. The researcher used four steps in collecting the data, they were recording, questionnaire, observation, and documentation. The respondents of this research were five certified guides. The research result showed that pronunciation error on English diphthongs made by certified guide was 120 errors (76 errors in substitution and 44 errors in omission). The highest pronunciation error was [??] diphthong and it occurred 45 times. The certified tour guides did not aware that they make pronunciation error. They had conversation in English with the foreign tourist but they had less time in learning pronunciation with native or competent person in English. The certified tour guides need to improve their English quality through learning more about pronunciation with the expert to minimize their pronunciation error on English diphthongs.

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Hitch, Doug. "Contracted Diphthongs in Old Khotanese." Indo-Iranian Journal 58, no. 4 (2015): 293–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15728536-05804001.

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Metrical patterns in the great Buddhist poem known as The Book of Zambasta reveal previously unrecognized features in the Old Khotanese synchronic morphophonological processes known collectively as contraction. The contractions examined here are limited to nominal stems ending in /a/, /i/ and /u/, and to certain case forms. The coalescences a+e>e and a+o>o produce phonemically overlong final vowels /ē̄/ and /ō̄/ which figure in the explanation of the final phonetic shortening of e and o. In some instances falling diphthongs are created. There is umlaut of stem final /a/ in certain cases. There is also a high-to-high diphthong /u̯i/, written uī or vī, created when a suffix /-i/ is attached to stem final short /u/.

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Czyzewski, Zbigniew, Anna K. Nabelek, and Hilary Crowley. "Perceptual boundaries of diphthong‐like stimuli." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 92, no. 4 (October 1992): 2415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.404683.

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Hsieh, Fang-Ying, Louis Goldstein, Dani Byrd, and Shrikanth Narayanan. "Pharyngeal constriction in English diphthong production." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 133, no. 5 (May 2013): 3607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4806707.

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Druzhuk, Iryna. "Reflexes of *o in newly closed syllables in the Volyn-Polissia dialects." Linguistics, no. 1 (42) (2020): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2631-2020-1-42-28-39.

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The article examines concepts related to the evolution of *о > і, analyzes scholars’ views on the reasons of differences between reflexes of *о in Ukrainian dialects, and describes the stages of *о transformation in the northern and the southern areas of the Ukrainian sprachraum. Attention is given to the nature of diphthong appearance according to two major theories – by Y. Sheveliov and by V. Moisiyenko. The author describes current reflexes of *о in newly closed stressed syllables, as documented in her own field records obtained in 120 towns and villages of Volyn Polissia. She establishes that typical for the Volyn-Polissia dialects sounds [и], [і] are simultaneously spread across all the area under research, while the monophthong [у] – only in its eastern parts. Alongside other reflexes, *о is sometimes (quite sporadically) preserved. While recording samples, the author has not come across diphthongs appertaining to *о, but recorded structures that are usually interpreted as the result of diphthongs breaking up: the consonant [в] + vowel, and the sound [е] < *о. The article includes a map.

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Hu, Fang. "Falling diphthongs have a dynamic target while rising diphthongs have two targets: Acoustics and articulation of the diphthong production in Ningbo Chinese." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 134, no. 5 (November 2013): 4199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4831405.

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Essien, Dr Nkereke M. "Monophthongisation and Vowel Lengthening in Educated Ibibio English." Studies in English Language Teaching 8, no. 1 (March 3, 2020): p131. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/selt.v8n1p131.

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The major preoccupation of this paper is to study monophthongisation and vowel lengthening in Educated Ibibio English with a view to explaining the lengthening of vowels in final open stressed syllables. Educated Ibibio English (here after EIE) is an ethnic variety of Nigerian English spoken by literate home-grown Ibibio people in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Monophthongisation is a phonological process whereby one of two vowel elements of a diphthong, usually the second (offset) element, is deleted, leaving the stranded stressed (onset) to be lengthened, if found in final open, stressed syllable. Related works on EIE segments indicate that some Standard British English (SBE) closing diphthongs /?u/ and /ei/ tend to monophthongise to /e/ and /o/, respectively. The study employs the Moraic Theory of Hyman and Hayes which main argument is that the syllable contains neither onset or a rhyme. Rather, every syllable contains one or more Mora. Also, a Speech Filling System (SFS/WASP) Computerized Speech Laboratory was used to interpret Fo curve structure and acoustic duration in order to corroborate findings from perceptual analysis. The study establishes the fact that the monophthongised diphthongs were lengthened becuaseof the need to preserve the weight of the deleted /u/ and /i/ in SBE /ei/ and /??/ diphthongs and also to reflect components of the failing fundamental frequency (Fo) contour of English fnal open syllable.

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박대아. "On the Description of Glide and Diphthong." Society for Korean Language & Literary Research 36, no. 4 (December 2008): 179–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15822/skllr.2008.36.4.179.

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Kuo, Christina, and Gary Weismer. "Diphthong formant transitions in four speaking tasks." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 129, no. 4 (April 2011): 2456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3588072.

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Hsieh, Fang-Ying, Louis Goldstein, and Khalil Iskarous. "Diphthong centralization and reduction in constriction degree." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 130, no. 4 (October 2011): 2550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3655204.

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Kim Yoon-hee. "A Study on the Characteristics of Chinese student’s Utterance of Korean Diphthong - With Focus on j - type Diphthong." EOMUNYEONGU 88, no. ll (June 2016): 333–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17297/rsll.2016.88..012.

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Park Sang-Hee. "A Study on Diphthong Production Characteristicof Preschool Children." Journal of speech-language & hearing disorders 20, no. 3 (September 2011): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15724/jslhd.2011.20.3.001.

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Stokes, Stephanie F., and I. Man Wong. "Vowel and diphthong development in Cantonese-speaking children." Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 16, no. 8 (January 2002): 597–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0269920021000034967.

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Kadenge, Maxwell, and Calisto Mudzingwa. "Diphthong simplification through spreading: An Optimality Theory account." Language Matters 42, no. 1 (July 2011): 142–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10228195.2011.569740.

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노근영. "The Diphthong Systems in English: Merger, Split, and Substitution." Linguistic Research 26, no. 1 (April 2009): 105–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17250/khisli.26.1.200904.006.

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Aguilar, Lourdes. "Hiatus and diphthong: Acoustic cues and speech situation differences." Speech Communication 28, no. 1 (May 1999): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6393(99)00003-5.

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Gully, Amelia J., Helena Daffern, and Damian T. Murphy. "Diphthong Synthesis Using the Dynamic 3D Digital Waveguide Mesh." IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing 26, no. 2 (February 2018): 243–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2017.2774921.

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BLAKE, RENÉE, and MEREDITH JOSEY. "The /ay/ diphthong in a Martha's Vineyard community: What can we say 40 years after Labov?" Language in Society 32, no. 4 (October 2003): 451–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404503324017.

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This article revisits Labov's (1962, 1972a) germinal sociolinguistic work on Martha's Vineyard speech, providing a synchronic analysis of the /ay/ diphthong in words like right and time, and, in turn, a diachronic perspective on a sound change in progress. Labov observed that the first element of the /ay/ diphthong was raised in the speech of Martha's Vineyarders, particularly fishermen, and he correlated it with social factors like identity (i.e., local heritage) and resistance to summer visitors. The present authors provide a sociolinguistic analysis of /ay/ from a new set of data collected in a Martha's Vineyard speech community. The outcome suggests a change in the linguistic pattern observed by Labov, which the authors argue is linked to socio-economic restructuring and resulting ideological changes taking place on the island. The acoustic and social factors are analyzed using VARBRUL to show how /ay/ variation today patterns with various internal and external factors found to be salient in Labov's earlier study.

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Araujo, Gabriel Antunes de, and Nancy Mendes Torres Vieira. "The Diphthong in Variationist Studies of Brazilian Portuguese: A Systematic Literature Review." Languages 6, no. 2 (May 14, 2021): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages6020087.

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This study presents a systematic literature review of the monophthongization of the diphthong <ei> in Brazilian Portuguese. Monophthongization is a sound change by which a diphthong becomes a single vowel. Thus, the output of, for example, the word beira (‘edge’) can be b[eɪ̯]ra or b[e]ra. Our primary sources, 10 Master’s theses that analyzed this phenomenon using quantitative sociolinguistic methodologies, focus on individually describing a region’s variety of Portuguese. However, the results were never systematically related to each other. Consequently, these works do not present a comprehensive overview of the production of <ei> in Brazilian Portuguese. Therefore, this systematic review gathers and unifies information dispersed in these studies, aiming to offer an overview of this optional phenomenon. The overall results demonstrate that the following context was the relevant linguistic variable, while the speaker’s educational level and dialect variation are the relevant non-linguistic variables for the application of the monophthongization rule.

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Sari, Dewi Purnama, and Komala Dwi Syaputri. "A STUDY OF PHONOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF MENTOK DIALECT OF BANGKA LANGUAGE IN PUSUK DISTRICT OF KELAPA WEST BANGKA REGION." Jurnal Ilmiah Bina Bahasa 12, no. 1 (June 29, 2019): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33557/binabahasa.v12i1.458.

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Abstract: The phonological system is a language system used by a society to distinguish itself from other societies. Bangka language is part of Malay cluster. This paper was written to describe Bangka language phonological system in Mentok dialect used in Pusuk based on (1) vowels, (2) consonant system, (3) diphthong, (4) distributions of vowels, consonants, and diphthongs, and (5) phonemic principle. The method used in this research was qualitative method. The data in this study was 248 basic vocabularies of Swadesh-based UnCen-SIL Wordlist. The data was collected with basic technique “conversation technique”, followed by “noting and recording technique”. The finding of Bangka language phonological system in Mentok dialect used in Pusuk was 9 vowels, 19 consonants, and 4 diphthongs. The distributions of vowel and consonant were incomplete. There was an allophone found in the study. Keywords: Phonology, Phonemes, Vowels, Consonants, Diphthongs. Abstrak : Sistem fonologi adalah sistem bahasa yang digunakan oleh suatu masyarakat untuk membedakan dirinya dari masyarakat lain. Bahasa Bangka adalah bagian dari gugus Melayu. Penelitian ini ditulis untuk menggambarkan sistem fonologis bahasa Bangka dalam dialek Mentok yang digunakan di Pusuk berdasarkan pada (1) vokal, (2) sistem konsonan, (3) diftong, (4) distribusi vokal, konsonan, dan diftong, dan (5) prinsip fonemik. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah 248 kosakata dasar dari UnCen-SIL Wordlist yang berbasis di Swadesh. Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik dasar "teknik percakapan", diikuti oleh "teknik mencatat dan merekam". Temuan sistem fonologis bahasa Bangka dalam dialek Mentok yang digunakan di Pusuk adalah 9 vokal, 19 konsonan, dan 4 diftong. Distribusi vocal dan konsonan tidak lengkap. Ada alofon yang ditemukan dalam penelitian. Kata kunci: Fonologi, Fonem, Vokal, Konsonan, Diftong

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Chiu, Yi-Fang, Karen Forrest, and Travis Loux. "Relationship Between F2 Slope and Intelligibility in Parkinson's Disease: Lexical Effects and Listening Environment." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 28, no. 2S (July 15, 2019): 887–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_ajslp-msc18-18-0098.

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Purpose There is a complex relationship between speech production and intelligibility of speech. The current study sought to evaluate the interaction of the factors of lexical characteristics, listening environment, and the 2nd formant transition (F2 slope) on intelligibility of speakers with Parkinson's disease (PD). Method Twelve speakers with PD and 12 healthy controls read sentences that included words with the diphthongs /aɪ/, /ɔɪ/, and /aʊ/. The F2 slope of the diphthong transition was measured and averaged across the 3 diphthongs for each speaker. Young adult listeners transcribed the sentences to assess intelligibility of words with high and low word frequency and high and low neighborhood density in quiet and noisy listening conditions. The average F2 slope and intelligibility scores were entered into regression models to examine their relationship. Results F2 slope was positively related to intelligibility in speakers with PD in both listening conditions with a stronger relationship in noise than in quiet. There was no significant relationship between F2 slope and intelligibility of healthy speakers. In the quiet condition, F2 slope was only correlated with intelligibility in less-frequent words produced by the PD group. In the noise condition, F2 slope was related to intelligibility in high- and low-frequency words and high-density words in PD. Conclusions The relationship between F2 slope and intelligibility in PD was affected by lexical factors and listening conditions. F2 slope was more strongly related to intelligibility in noise than in quiet for speakers with PD. This relationship was absent in highly frequent words presented in quiet and those with fewer lexical neighbors.

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신원영, 이지윤, and 강은희. "Diphthong Development Characteristics in 2- to 3-Year-Old Children." Journal of speech-language & hearing disorders 26, no. 4 (October 2017): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15724/jslhd.2017.26.4.010.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Diphthong'

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