Academic literature on the topic 'Diplomatic immunity'
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Journal articles on the topic "Diplomatic immunity"
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Gunawarman, Irsyad Prabowo, Wisnu Aryo Dewanto, and Suhariwanto Suhariwanto. "Kekebalan Diplomatik dalam Transaksi Komersial." KELUWIH: Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora 1, no. 2 (October 28, 2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24123/soshum.v1i2.3333.
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Abstract—Diplomatic immunity and privilege which is arranged in the Vienna Convention 1961 is very important in ensuring the enactment of diplomatic functions in doing the mission. The abuse of immunity and privilege owned by the diplomatic representative often happens. Diplomatic representative abuse their rights in the form of mild violation to heavy crime. There have been cases on the abuse of diplomatic immunity in commercial transaction related to the civil jurisdiction immunity of the country the diplomat assigned in. The landlord in the country who rent their property to the diplomatic representative have become the victim in the abuse of diplomatic immunity. There was a diplomatic representative who refused to pay the rent because of diplomatic immunity reason and eventually managed to escape from the obligation to pay for the commercial transaction due to the protection of the immunity and privilege
Keywords: abuse, diplomatic immunity, commercial transaction
Abstrak—Kekebalan dan keistimewaan diplomatik yang diatur di dalam Konvensi Wina 1961 merupakan hal yang sangat penting untuk menjamin pelaksanaan fungsi diplomat dalam menjalankan misinya. Penyalahgunaan kekebalan dan keistimewaan yang dimiliki perwakilan diplomatik masih sering terjadi. Perwakilan diplomatik menyalahgunakannya dalam bentuk pelanggaran ringan hingga kejahatan yang berat. Dalam perkembangannya, telah terjadi kasus penyalahgunaan kekebalan diplomatik dalam transaksi komersial yang berkaitan dengan kekebalan yurisdiksi sipil negara penerima. Para tuan tanah dari negara penerima yang menyewakan propertinya kepada perwakilan diplomatik menjadi korban dalam penyalahgunaan kekebalan diplomatik. Ada perwakilan diplomatik yang menolak membayar biaya sewa dengan alasan kekebalan diplomatik yang pada akhirnya lolos dari kewajibannya untuk membayar transaksi komersial karena berlindung pada kekebalan dan keistimewaan yang dimilikinya
Kata kunci: penyalahgunaan, kekebalan diplomatik, transaksi komersial
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Yusvitasari, Devi. "PENERAPAN PRINSIP PERSONA NON GRATA TERHADAP DUTA BESAR DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF HUKUM INTERNASIONAL (STUDI KASUS PENGANIAYAAN TKI OLEH DUTA BESAR ARAB SAUDI DI JERMAN)." Ganesha Civic Education Journal 1, no. 1 (October 9, 2019): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/gancej.v1i1.64.
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A country needs to make contact with each other based on the national interests of each country related to each other, including among others economic, social, cultural, legal, political, and so on. With constant and continuous association between the nations of the world, it is one of the conditions for the existence of the international community. One form of cooperation between countries in the world is in the form of international relations by placing diplomatic representation in various countries. These representatives have diplomatic immunity and diplomatic immunity privileges that are in accordance with the jurisdiction of the recipient country and civil and criminal immunity for witnesses. The writing of the article entitled "The Application of the Principle of Non-Grata Persona to the Ambassador Judging from the Perspective of International Law" describes how the law on the abuse of diplomatic immunity, how a country's actions against abuse of diplomatic immunity and how to analyze a case of abuse of diplomatic immunity. To answer the problem used normative juridical methods through the use of secondary data, such as books, laws, and research results related to this research topic. Based on the results of the study explained that cases of violations of diplomatic relations related to the personal immunity of diplomatic officials such as cases such as cases of persecution by the Ambassador of Saudi Arabia to Indonesian Workers in Germany are of serious concern. The existence of diplomatic immunity is considered as protection so that perpetrators are not punished. Actions against the abuse of recipient countries of diplomatic immunity may expel or non-grata persona to diplomatic officials, which is stipulated in the Vienna Convention in 1961, because of the right of immunity attached to each diplomatic representative.
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Yusvitasari, Devi. "Penerapan Prinsip Persona Non Grata Terhadap Duta Besar Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Hukum Internasional (Studi Kasus Penganiayaan TKI Oleh Duta Besar Arab Saudi Di Jerman)." Jurnal Locus Delicti 1, no. 2 (April 14, 2021): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jld.v1i2.375.
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A country needs to make contact with each other based on the national interests of each country related to each other, including among others economic, social, cultural, legal, political, and so on. With constant and continuous association between the nations of the world, it is one of the conditions for the existence of the international community. One form of cooperation between countries in the world is in the form of international relations by placing diplomatic representation in various countries. These representatives have diplomatic immunity and diplomatic immunity privileges that are in accordance with the jurisdiction of the recipient country and civil and criminal immunity for witnesses. The writing of the article entitled "The Application of the Principle of Non-Grata Persona to the Ambassador Judging from the Perspective of International Law" describes how the law on the abuse of diplomatic immunity, how a country's actions against abuse of diplomatic immunity and how to analyze a case of abuse of diplomatic immunity. To answer the problem used normative juridical methods through the use of secondary data, such as books, laws, and research results related to this research topic. Based on the results of the study explained that cases of violations of diplomatic relations related to the personal immunity of diplomatic officials such as cases such as cases of persecution by the Ambassador of Saudi Arabia to Indonesian Workers in Germany are of serious concern. The existence of diplomatic immunity is considered as protection so that perpetrators are not punished. Actions against the abuse of recipient countries of diplomatic immunity may expel or non- grata persona to diplomatic officials, which is stipulated in the Vienna Convention in 1961, because of the right of immunity attached to each diplomatic representative.
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Warbrick, Colin, and Dominic McGoldrick. "I. Diplomatic Representations and Diplomatic Protection." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 51, no. 3 (July 2002): 723–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/51.3.723.
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The European Court of Human Rights has decided in the last three years five cases dealing with state or international immunities.1 Although the facts differed, the arguments of the applicants were much the same. They contended that allowing a foreign State or an international organisation to claim immunity in a civil action in proceedings in the defendant State violated the applicants' rights to access to a court for the determination of a civil right.2 The European Court accepted the claims in principle but concluded in each case that the limitation imposed on the right of access was for a legitimate reason (the protection of State or international immunities, a condition for effective co-operation between States or with international organisations) and was proportionate to this aim, because in each case, the grant of immunity was required by international law and that in each case there was the possibility of the applicant using another procedure to try to assert his rights, action in the courts of the foreign State or under the special staff regime of the international organisation.
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Langhorne, Richard, Linda S. Frey, and Marsha L. Frey. "The History of Diplomatic Immunity." American Historical Review 105, no. 1 (February 2000): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2652455.
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Shi, Xinxiang. "Diplomatic Immunity Ratione Materiae and Crimes in International Law." Nordic Journal of International Law 90, no. 2 (April 9, 2021): 228–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718107-bja10025.
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Abstract Diplomatic immunity ratione materiae covers not official acts in general but merely acts performed in the exercise of diplomatic functions. Consequently, crimes in international law cannot be protected by this immunity because Article 3(1) of the Vienne Convention on Diplomatic Relations (vcdr) in general should accord with international law, although certain functions under the Article do not contain a ‘legal’ element. Further, diplomatic immunity ratione materiae cannot be upheld for jus cogens violations because Article 3(1) must not contradict a jus cogens prohibition. The dividing line between the procedural rule of immunity and the substantive rule of jus cogens is blurred by the fact that the scope of diplomatic immunity ratione materiae essentially hinges upon the contents a substantive treaty provision setting out diplomatic functions.
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Goverdovskaya, Tatyana, and Mikhail Perepelitsyn. "Reforming the Institute of Diplomatic Immunity." Legal Concept, no. 3 (October 2019): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lc.jvolsu.2019.3.19.
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Introduction: the paper carries out a legal analysis of the existing diplomatic immunities and privileges in international law. Currently the principle of immunity of a diplomat has serious problems in practical application. Despite the fact that the inviolability of diplomatic mission and diplomatic personnel is recognized and generally respected by all states, attacks, killings and terrorist acts against diplomats are not uncommon in modern international realities. These incidents define the issue and purpose of the study: to find ways of reforming the existing norms in international law governing the principle of inviolability of diplomatic personnel and their missions. The following methods of scientific knowledge were chosen as the methodological framework for the study: systematicity, analysis, historicism and modeling. Results: the cited facts of the violation of diplomatic immunity in the Caspian states prove the general tendency to ignore the basic principles and norms of diplomatic law, or irresponsible attitude towards it. Ensuring the security of all diplomatic missions and their personnel is a high-priority task for states to protect the inviolability of such institutions and individuals. Conclusions: the study identified the problems related to the failure of a host state to comply with the obligation to provide security measures for the mission and its personnel, which makes it necessary to put proposals on amending the existing international legal norms governing diplomatic immunities and privileges. It is necessary for the authorities of the host state to have access to the premises of the diplomatic mission in order to prevent diplomats from abusing their immunities. In turn, the accrediting state could be able to use its own law enforcement officers to protect its missions and their personnel.
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Shi, Xinxiang. "Official Acts and Beyond: Towards an Accurate Interpretation of Diplomatic Immunity Ratione Materiae under the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations." Chinese Journal of International Law 18, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 669–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chinesejil/jmz026.
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Abstract This article explores the scope of diplomatic immunity ratione materiae under the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. The difficulty regarding the topic lies in the interpretation of what constitutes an act performed “in the exercise of” diplomatic functions. Based on a critique of differing views, it is argued that diplomatic immunity ratione materiae covers not only official acts stricto sensu, but also certain private acts ancillary or incidental to the performance of diplomatic functions. In practice, the availability of the immunity is heavily dependent on the factual end of a case. Therefore, instead of using general exceptions or standards to denote the scope of the immunity, it is better to determine the immunity on a case-by-case basis in light of the seriousness of an act and the connection between the act and the functions performed.
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Era Daniati, Ni Putu. "PELANGGARAN HAK KEKEBALAN TERHADAP GEDUNG PERWAKILAN DIPLOMATIK." Ganesha Civic Education Journal 1, no. 1 (October 9, 2019): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/gancej.v1i1.65.
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Violation of the rights and immunity of a diplomat is a violation of International Law. The occurrence of violations committed by diplomatic officials is due to misuse of duties and authority carried out by diplomatic officials themselves. Immunity and diplomatic privileges are rooted in international law so that those who have the right to give and take it off are subject to international law. Immune dating can only be carried out by the sending country which is the agency that is authorized to abandon the duties of the diplomatic official himself. Immunity and privilege of diplomatic officials do not have to be done by the head of the recipient country.
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Farhangi, Leslie Shirin. "Insuring against Abuse of Diplomatic Immunity." Stanford Law Review 38, no. 6 (July 1986): 1517. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1228786.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Diplomatic immunity"
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Shi, Xinxiang. "Diplomatic immunities ratione materiae under the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations : towards a coherent interpretation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33152.
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Rules of diplomatic immunity, which nowadays are enshrined in the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, play an important role in interstate diplomacy because they ensure the efficient performance of diplomatic functions. This thesis investigates a particular form of diplomatic immunity - diplomatic immunity ratione materiae. Unlike diplomatic immunity ratione personae, which pertains to the personal status of a diplomatic agent, diplomatic immunity ratione materiae depends in essence on the official nature of a particular act In practice, however, the determination of diplomatic immunity ratione materiae may meet with many conceptual and practical difficulties. For one, it is not always easy to distinguish the official acts of a diplomatic agent, who represents the sending State in the receiving State, from his or her private acts. In case of disagreement between the two States, questions may also arise as to who has the authority to make a final determination. The Vienna Convention does not offer much guidance on these issues; on the contrary, the Convention complicates them by employing, without adequate explanation, distinct formulas for different kinds of diplomatic immunity ratione materiae. This thesis examines these formulas in detail. On a general level, it is submitted that diplomatic immunity ratione materiae for certain types of activity constitutes not only a procedural bar to court proceedings but also a substantive exemption of individual responsibility. More specifically, it is argued that each formula must be understood in the light of the rationale behind immunity, the type of immunity concerned, and the specific functions or duties performed. In case of controversy, weight should be given to the opinion of the sending State, although the authority to make a decision lies ultimately with the court of the receiving State.
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Moutzouris, Maria. "Sending and receiving: immunity sought by diplomats committing criminal offences." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003201.
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Diplomatic immunity is one of the oldest elements of foreign relations, dating back as far as Ancient Greece and Rome. Today, it is a principle that has been codified into the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations regulating past customs and practices. Consuls and international organizations, although their privileges and immunities are similar to diplomatic personnel, do differ and are regulated by the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations and the United Nations International Immunities respectively. These Conventions have been influenced by past practices and by three theories during different era’s namely exterritoriality, personal representation and functional necessity. The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations further provides certain immunities and privileges to different levels of diplomatic officials, their staff and families. Privileges and immunities will be considered under various main categories, namely the diplomatic mission, the diplomatic official, diplomatic staff, and families. Each category receives privileges and immunities, for example immunities enjoyed by the diplomatic mission include mission correspondence and bags. Diplomatic officials enjoy personal inviolability, immunity from jurisdiction and inviolability of diplomats’ residences and property. The staff and families of diplomatic officials too enjoy privileges and immunities. The problem of so many people receiving privileges and immunities is that there is a high likelihood of abuse. Abuses that arise are various crimes committed by diplomats, their staff and families. They are immune from local punishment and appear to be above the local law. Although the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations provides remedies against diplomats, staff and families who abuse their position, it gives the impression that it is not enough. Various Acts in the United Kingdom, United States and the Republic of South Africa will be analysed in order to ascertain what governments have done to try and curb diplomatic abuses. Each will be considered and found that although they have restricted immunity from previous practices it still places the diplomats’ needs above its own citizens. Thus several suggestions have been put forward and argued whether they are successful in restricting immunity comprehensively. Such suggestions are amending the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations; using the functional necessity theory to further limit immunity; forming bilateral treaties between States as a possible means to restrict or limit; and lastly establishing a Permanent International Diplomatic Criminal Court. The key question to be answered is whether diplomatic immunity is needed for the efficient functioning of foreign relations between States.
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Olahová, Kateřina. "Diplomatické imunity vs. lidská práva." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-12014.
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This thesis aims at description and analyses of the position of diplomatic immunities and human rights in international law, focusing on areas where these two sets of international rules clash. One objective of this work is an attempt to establish a hierarchy between norms granting diplomatic immunities and those protecting fundamental human rights, which could possibly resolve the collision. This solution, however, narrows down to one of most general principles of diplomatic relations, the principal of reciprocity. Mentioned are also some alternative approaches suggested for resolution of this conflict together with the obstacles, which prevent them from use. The thesis further looks at possible remedies against abuse of diplomatic immunity.
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Ayyad, Wasfi. "Les immunités diplomatiques en droit pénal." Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIMD002/document.
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Cette thèse a pour objet l'étude des immunités des diplomates et des représentants des puissances étrangères en droit pénal. La thèse se divise en deux parties:La première partie est consacrée à l'environnement juridique des immunités. Sont exposés successivement: les fondements, la nature juridique, les sources et les attributs des immunités.La seconde partie traite du régime juridique des immunités. Sont abordés: le régime substantiel et le régime procédural.Ce travail montre la diversité des analyses autour de la notion d'immunité diplomatique qui couvre à la fois les immunités des diplomates, consulaires et représentants des États étrangers et démontre la nécessité de concilier, d'une part, la protection conférée par ces immunités et, d'autre part, les droits fondamentaux de la victime d'un acte couvert par une immunitéThis dissertation studies the immunities of diplomats and representatives of foreign authorities in criminal law . The dissertation is divided in to tow parts :The first part is devoted to legal environment of immunity .That was exposed in succession :the foundations ,the legal nature ,sources and attributes of immunities .The second part discusses the legal system of immunity .Are discussed :the substantial and procedural regime of immunity .This work shows the diversity of analysis around the concept of diplomats ,consular, and representatives of foreign states and demonstrates the need to reconcile ,on the one hand ,the protection afforded by theses immunities and on the other hand ,the fundamental rights of the victim of an act covered by immunity
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Sako, Cheick. "La sécurité et la protection des diplomates dans les relations entre états." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON10021.
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Il existe une insecurite des diplomates, qui se manifeste aussi bien au niveau de la personne du diplomate (sous forme d'attentat, d'enlevement ou d'assassinat) qu'au niveau de sa mission par l'utilisation du courrier et de la valise diplomatique et par l'octroi de l'asile dans ses locaux diplomatiques. Cela necessite un renforcement de la protection des diplomates par l'adoption de plusieurs conventions et la mise en jeu des regles de responsabilite internationale. Mais cet effort conventionnel reste insuffisant, malgre le desir des etats de cooperer afin de lutter contre toute forme de violence politiqueThere is an insecurity of diplomates which appears as well as for the diplomat as a person (under a form of attempt, kidnapping or murder) or for the diplamat's mission by the use of the messenger and the diplonatic bag and by the grant of retreat in his diplomatic offices. Therefore a better protecton for diplomates is necessary by the passage of several agreements and the use of rules of the international responsibility. But this conventional effort turns out to be inadequate, in spite of the wish of states for cooperating in order to fitht against any form of political violence
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Miaboula, Milandou Isidore Arsène. "La rupture des relations diplomatiques." Tours, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOUR1006.
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La société internationale d’après le second conflit mondial montre qu'il est habituel que les États ayant rompu leurs relations diplomatiques, maintiennent leurs relations (consulaires, commerciales, etc. ), alors que dans le passe, la rupture entraînait la cessation de la presque totalité de ces relations interétatiques. Cette évolution s'explique par le fait que interdépendance économique commerciale et politique qui caractérise l’époque contemporaine, s’accommode mal de l'interruption des relations interétatiques. Elle traduit aussi le caractère conjoncturel de la rupture dont la signification, les effets, et la croissance varient selon le contexte des relations internationales. Exceptionnelle dans la société internationale d'avant 1945 ou elle préludait habituellement à une déclaration formelle de guerre, la rupture est devenue, après le second conflit mondial, un phénomène très fréquent. L'accession des pays nouvellement indépendants, à partir des années 1960, sur la scène internationale, et les manifestations de la guerre froide, ont augmenté le nombre des ruptures, et leur ont imprimé une dimension géopolitique. La rupture constitue désormais un instrument au service des calculs géostratégiques, et cette fonction explique que cet instrument conflictuel résiste à l'approche positiviste. On constate également que la survenance des hostilités militaires, n’entraîne plus ipso facto, la rupture des relations diplomatiques. Toutefois, l’évolution la plus remarquable consiste en l'attitude des États qui s’ingénient a mettre en œuvre, d'une part, toutes sortes de modalités relationnelles, et d'autre part, les sections d’intérêts pour maintenir un minimum de contacts entre États en état de rupture. Tous ces procédés post et para diplomatiques révèlent que la rupture est une notion à faible densité juridique et demeure un acte d'une effectivité relative, d'autant plus que les récentes évolutions l’éloignent de plus en plus de son schéma classiqueThe observation of the post second world conflict's international society shows it is quite common for states which have broken their diplomatic relations to continue other interstate relations such as commercial, economic, consular ones, whereas in the past, the rupture led to an almost complete break of interstate relations. If this evolution can be explained in the fact that the economic, commercial, and political interdependence which characterized the present era does not go together with the complete break of interstate relations, it also conveys the cyclical nature of the rupture whose significance, impacts and growth vary according to the international relations context. Sporadic and exceptional before 1945, a period during which it usually was a prelude to to a formal war, the rupture has become after the second world war, a very frequent phenomenon. The newly independent countries access to the international scene, the expressions of the cold war and the problems of the international recognition not only increase the number of ruptures of diplomatic relations, but give this phenomenon a geopolitical dimension which henceforth escapes the positivist approach of the rupture. At the same time, and in a spectacular way, the observation of the contemporary practice inevitably shows us that occurrence of military hostilities (which are not officially stated) does not longer immediately lead to the rupture of diplomatic relations among belligerents. However, the most remarkable evolution following this phenomenon, is the attitude of states which insist on the one hand, in displaying all sorts of relational terms and informal contacts, and the other hand, mutually establishing "interests sections". All those post and para diplomatic practices reveal that the rupture is a sparsely legal phenomenon, and seriously put its consequences and impacts into perspective, whereas the diplomatic environment thus created separated it from the classical legal conception
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Fedele, Dante. "Naissance de la diplomatie moderne. L'ambassadeur au croisement du droit, de l'éthique et de la politique." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSL0968.
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S’appuyant sur un corpus de textes que l’on qualifie normalement de « traités sur l’ambassadeur », cette thèse s’attache à reconstruire la naissance de la diplomatie moderne tout au long d’une période qui va du XIIIe au XVIIe siècle, en essayant d’analyser la manière dont la figure de l’ambassadeur à été élaborée à l’intérieur d’un champ de problématisation qui se caractérise par une imbrication réciproque du droit, de l’éthique et de la politique et va constituer une véritable expérience de la diplomatie.Ce travail s’articule en deux parties. Dans la première il s’agit de comprendre comment la figure de l’ambassadeur a été façonnée sous le profil de son statut juridique, à savoir comme une persona publica chargée d’un officium et devant représenter son mandant, avec les conséquences qui en découlent quant à l’établissement de son pouvoir de négociation, à la définition de ses immunités ainsi qu’à la détermination des honneurs qu’il a le droit de recevoir. L’analyse de ces questions permettra d’apprécier la contribution apportée par notre corpus non seulement à la définition du statut juridique de l’ambassadeur, mais aussi à la formation du nouveau droit des gens destiné à régir l’Europe moderne. La seconde partie s’attache à comprendre comment la figure de l’ambassadeur a été façonnée sous le profil de son statut professionnel : on s’interroge alors sur les fonctions qui lui sont attribuées, sur les moyens qui lui sont fournis et les conditions qui lui sont demandées pour s’en acquitter de la manière la plus efficace, ainsi que sur la problématisation éthique à laquelle son action est soumise. Tout en essayant de faire ressortir la spécificité de l’ambassadeur, cette partie se propose aussi de contribuer à l’étude de la professionnalisation du fonctionnaire publicUsing a collection of texts commonly known as the “treatises on the ambassador”, this research examines the birth and the development of the experience of diplomacy from the 13th to the 17th Century. It aims, in particular, to explore the development of the figure of the ambassador within a field of problematization involving ethics, politics and law.After some methodological and historical remarks, the thesis deals with the development of the status of the ambassador from two perspectives, the legal and the professional. Regarding his legal status, the medieval legal conceptualisation of the role of the ambassador as a genuine public “office”, and that of the diplomatic function as “representation”, are examined. The way in which these conceptualisations help to define the negotiating powers conferred on the ambassador, his immunities and the honours to which he is entitled is then considered. This analysis allows for an investigation of the complex links between the exercise of diplomacy and claims to sovereignty during Europe’s transition from the Middle Ages to Modernity. Regarding his professional status, the thesis reconstructs the functions of the ambassador (particularly in relation to information gathering and negotiation), the means provided for the ambassador to undertake his functions (his salary and the assignment of an escort) and the objective, intellectual or moral qualities required of him. As well as illustrating the techniques which have been required for ambassadorial success since the 15th Century, this analysis offers some hints for studying the professionalization of public officials and the emergence of the modern criteria of political analysis
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Goossens, Savio. "Diplomatic immunity : an argument for re-evaluation." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7901.
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Diplomacy is an ancient concept known to man as far back as the ancient Greeks and Romans. Through the passing of time the concept of diplomacy has continuously been developed. The evolution of this concept has followed with the great civilisations of this world. Most notable are the advancements in Europe from the medieval era to the industrial revolution. Diplomacy was first codified in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna. The 1961 Vienna Convention currently regulates the immunities and privileges of the modern diplomat. The immunities range from official acts to the conducting of personal affairs. These immunities protect the diplomat from the foreign state. The extent of these immunities has led to a range of abusive behaviour resulting in controversy.
This dissertation sets out a brief historic overview of diplomacy and theories dealing with the discourse of immunities in light of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 1961. A closer look is taken on the privileges and immunities a diplomat enjoys in his personal capacity, his property and his family. Furthermore the development of diplomacy in England and South Africa are discussed. Lastly the Vienna Convention sets out a number of remedies that are able to deter diplomatic agents from abusing their station. However, such remedies alone have proved to be inefficient without the immunities being limited in order to make diplomats accountable for their misconduct.
In light of the severity of misconduct by diplomats, a suggestion has been offered for such privileges to be curtailed in order for diplomats to be held accountable for severe crimes committed. As it stands now, diplomats escape liability for heinous crimes such as rape, murder and human trafficking. It is submitted that a re-evaluation of the principles is required.Thesis (LL.M.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2011.
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Osborne, James S. Jr. "Diplomatic privilege and immunity-- Abuse and exploitation by international terrorists." Thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/21280.
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Cvoligová, Karolína. "Diplomatické výsady a imunity orgánů a pracovníků institucí EU." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-327246.
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Diplomatic privileges and immunities of bodies and workers of the EU institutions Le sujet de ce travail est de présenter des privilèges et immunités concernant l'Union européenne en tant qu'organisation internationale, ses fonctionnaires, agents et autres personnes susceptibles d'agir dans son intérêt. À la différence des immunités des États, accordées à ces derniers au nom de leur égalité souveraine, les immunités des organisation internationales se justifient exclusivement par leur caractère fonctionnel. Elles visent en effet à assurer à l'organisation une certaine autonomie et une indépendance indispensables à l'efficacité de son action. L'Union alors jouit des privilèges et immunités nécessaires à l'accomplissement de sa mission. Le document servant de base juridique, dans lequel les privilèges et immunités de l'UE sont définie , est le Protocole du 8 avril 1965 sur les privilèges et immunités des Communautés européennes. Ce dernier a été révisé au 1er décembre 2009 par le traité de Lisbonne. L'UE remlace ainsi, par ce traité, la Communauté européenne, ainsi duquele Protocole sur les privilèges et immunités des Communautés européennes, qui devient le Protocole sur les privilèges et immunités de l'Union européenne. Ce Protocole concerne l'UE, ses organes, les représentants des États...
Books on the topic "Diplomatic immunity"
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Novaković, Marko, ed. Diplomatic Immunity. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1094-6.
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Lewis, Charles J. State and diplomatic immunity. 3rd ed. London: Lloyd's of London Press, 1990.
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Frey, Linda. The history of diplomatic immunity. Columbus [Ohio]: Ohio State University Press, 1999.
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Diplomatic immunity: Principles, practices, problems. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989.
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McClanahan, Grant V. Diplomatic immunity: Principles, practices, problem. London: Hurst, 1989.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Diplomatic immunity"
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Frey, Linda S., and Marsha L. Frey. "Diplomatic Immunity: An Admittedly Short Survey." In Diplomatic Immunity, 1–13. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1094-6_1.
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Novaković, Marko. "The Immunity of the UN Staff in the Twenty-First Century: “To Waive It in Order to Preserve It”." In Diplomatic Immunity, 15–27. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1094-6_2.
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Mwenda, Kenneth K. "Integrity Risks Pertaining to Head of State and Diplomatic Immunity: How Political Considerations Impact on the Law." In Diplomatic Immunity, 29–57. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1094-6_3.
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Robson, Verity. "Immunity of Permanent and Special Missions’ Members: Consent, Certification and Scope in the United Kingdom." In Diplomatic Immunity, 59–77. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1094-6_4.
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Janig, Philipp, and August Reinisch. "Diplomatic Immunities in Austrian Courts." In Diplomatic Immunity, 79–97. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1094-6_5.
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Krishna, Arun Krishnan, and Nithin Ramakrishnan. "Balancing Diplomatic Immunity: An Indian View Beyond the Khobragade Position." In Diplomatic Immunity, 99–115. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1094-6_6.
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Sharfi, Aisha Ahmed. "From Devyani to Italian Marine Case: India’s Brush with Diplomatic Immunity Laws." In Diplomatic Immunity, 117–31. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1094-6_7.
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Mislan, David Bell, and Philip Streich. "Diplomatic Immunity…Revoked!" In Weird IR, 147–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75556-4_10.
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Özdan, Selman. "Human Rights Versus Diplomatic Immunity." In The Human Rights Challenge to Immunity in International Law, 147–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92923-7_6.
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Francioni, Francesco. "Overcoming the Judicial Conundrum: The Road to a Diplomatic Solution." In Remedies against Immunity?, 343–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62304-6_19.
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AbstractThe role of international law and of international lawyers is at its best when it results in a ‘work of reconciliation and realistic construction’ (Dag Hammarskjöld, 1953). Unfortunately, it is difficult to find much of this spirit in the unfolding, regrettable and never-ending saga of Germany versus Italy. In answering the basic question of whether Germany is obliged to negotiate a settlement with Italy, this chapter argues that even if there is no hard and fast legal obligation, there is a political and moral obligation to negotiate a settlement, as indicated by paragraph 104 of the Jurisdictional Immunities Judgment of the International Court of Justice (ICJ); the same obligation is incumbent upon Italy. The current legal ‘black hole’ cannot be filled by further proceedings before the ICJ because immunity serves the value of the equality of states, yet equality is not a value in its own sake but is functional to the preservation of peaceful and orderly international relations and to the ‘realistic construction’ of conditions for the fulfilment of human rights. Negotiations in view of the creation of a joint German–Italian fund for the reparation of victims is the appropriate way to overcome the present impasse and to do justice to a whole class of victims who so far have fallen into oblivion.
Conference papers on the topic "Diplomatic immunity"
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Bhandari, Pitambar. "Making the Soft Power Hard: Nepal’s Internal Ability in Safeguarding National Interest." In 8th Peace and Conflict Resolution Conference [PCRC2021]. Tomorrow People Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52987/pcrc.2021.008.
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Abstract Soft power is an important instrument of foreign policy and a tool in safeguarding national interests. Under various regimes after the advent of democracy in 1950, Nepal has experienced a turbulent effect of international influence on technology, governance capability, policy transfer, labor migration and climatic affairs. In these contexts, traditional diplomatic effort based on persuasive bargaining requires an interest based practice which is complicated for the countries like Nepal where military power and economy are considered to be public goods rather than strategic base for the expansion of domestic policy making the other countries follow. Nepal creates an exemplary image in coping with the internal and external threats even during the major political transitions in 1950, 1990 and 2006. In all these power sharing mechanisms, the immunity that galvanized internal forces with minimum experience of indirect influence from the neighbouring countries shows that soft power values in Nepal became the major component for managing internal tensions and mitigating external interests. At one hand, the sources of soft power rests on ancient value system and on the other, Nepal celebrates new political system confronting the values earlier regime survived on. Political crisis before 2015 and the natural disaster after it plunged Nepal into a serious threat. During the time of crisis it is need and the value that functions compared to the interest. This paper posits a central question that how soft power became a variant during the war to peace transition from 2006 to the period of implementation of constitution stipulated in 2015 with the result of a stable government. The first part of the paper explores the dimensions of soft power in Nepal- both perceived and practiced- after Jana Aandolan II. The effectiveness of soft power in maintaining the geostrategic importance through a constant coupling of soft power diplomacy adopted and endorsed in Nepal by the external powers and Nepal’s own soft power standpoint will be analyzed in the second part of the paper. The last section of the paper analyzes the challenges for effective implementation of soft power diplomacy in meeting the national interest. Key words: Soft power, geo-strategic importance, national interest