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Journal articles on the topic 'Diplopod fauna'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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Kokhia, Mzia S., and Sergei I. Golovatch. "A checklist of the millipedes of Georgia, Caucasus (Diplopoda)." ZooKeys 741 (March 7, 2018): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.741.20042.

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The diplopod fauna of Georgia, Transcaucasia, is very rich given the country’s relatively small territory, presently comprising 95 species from 42 genera, 12 families, and seven orders. Most of the Diplopoda known from Georgia are subendemics (39 species, or 38%), shared with one or more neighbouring countries, but another 33 species (33%) are strict endemics, nearly all highly localized, including 12 presumed troglobites. Several genera are likewise endemic to Georgia, including a few troglobionts. Within Georgia, the fauna of the western part (= Colchis) is particularly rich and diverse, the faunas of the central and eastern parts of the country growing increasingly depauperate inland and apparently following a rather gradual climatic aridisation gradient from west (the Black Sea coast) to east (Armenia and Azerbaijan). Much more work to include alpine and cave environments is required in order to reveal and refine the real diversity of Georgia’s Diplopoda.

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Kokhia, Mzia S., and Sergei I. Golovatch. "A checklist of the millipedes of Georgia, Caucasus (Diplopoda)." ZooKeys 741 (March 7, 2018): 35–48. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.741.20042.

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The diplopod fauna of Georgia, Transcaucasia, is very rich given the country's relatively small territory, presently comprising 95 species from 42 genera, 12 families, and seven orders. Most of the Diplopoda known from Georgia are subendemics (39 species, or 38%), shared with one or more neighbouring countries, but another 33 species (33%) are strict endemics, nearly all highly localized, including 12 presumed troglobites. Several genera are likewise endemic to Georgia, including a few troglobionts. Within Georgia, the fauna of the western part (= Colchis) is particularly rich and diverse, the faunas of the central and eastern parts of the country growing increasingly depauperate inland and apparently following a rather gradual climatic aridisation gradient from west (the Black Sea coast) to east (Armenia and Azerbaijan). Much more work to include alpine and cave environments is required in order to reveal and refine the real diversity of Georgia's Diplopoda.

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Makarov, Slobodan, Bojan Mitic, Vladimir Tomic, and Bozidar Curcic. "The diplopod fauna of Mt. Kopaonik, Serbia." Archives of Biological Sciences 56, no. 3-4 (2004): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs0404097m.

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The present paper constitutes a thorough study of diversity of the diplopod fauna from Mt. Kopaonik, Serbia. A single new endemic form of millipedes Brachydesmus (Stylobrachydesmus) pancici n. sp., has been described and diagnosed. Two species new to the fauna of Serbia - Haasea plasana Verhoeff 1899 and Brachydesmus (Stylobrachydesmus) attemsi Verhoeff, 1895 - have also been found. At the present time, altogether seven diplopod species and six genera are known to inhabit Mt. Kopaonik.

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MIKHALJOVA, ELENA V. "The class Diplopoda in Mongolia, with description of a new species." Zootaxa 3418, no. 1 (2012): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3418.1.3.

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The class Diplopoda appears to be represented in Mongolia by eight species from 4 genera, 2 families (Polyzoniidae andDiplomaragnidae) and 2 orders (Polyzoniida and Chordeumatida). One species is described here as new to science: Shear-ia longa sp. nov. Genus Shearia Mikhaljova, 2000 is new to the fauna of Mongolia. All currently known Diplopoda taxa from Mongolia are keyed, including the new species. The distributions of all Mongolian diplopod species are mapped.

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Golovatch, Sergei I., and Weixin Liu. "Diversity, distribution patterns, and fauno-genesis of the millipedes (Diplopoda) of mainland China." ZooKeys 930 (April 28, 2020): 153–98. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.930.47513.

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Based on all available information, 339 species from 71 genera, 26 families, and eleven orders of Diplopoda have hitherto been recorded from mainland China, the fauna thus being very rich, albeit far from completely known, comprising various zoogeographic elements and populating very different environments. Diplopods mainly occur in various woodlands, in caves, and high in the mountains. Most species (> 90 %, usually highly localised, including 160 cavernicoles), 18 genera, and one family are strictly endemic to continental China. Mapping not only the horizontal, but also the vertical distributions of Diplopoda in China shows the bulk of the fauna to be expectedly restricted to forested lowland and mountain biomes or their remnants. Yet some Chordeumatida, Callipodida, Polydesmida, Julida, and even Spirobolida seem to occur only in the subalpine to alpine environments and thus may provisionally be considered as truly high-montane. The long-acknowledged notions of China being a great biogeographic zone transitional between the Palaearctic and Oriental regions generally find good support in millipede distributions, in particular at the higher taxonomic levels (generic, familial, and ordinal). While the Palaearctic/Holarctic components expectedly dominate the fauna of the northern parts of the country, the Oriental ones prevail in its south and along the Pacific coast. Both realms are increasingly mixed and intermingled towards China's centre. However, in addition to the above traditional views, based on distribution patterns alone, southern China seems to harbour a rather small, but highly peculiar faunal nucleus or origin centre of its own, whence Himalaya, Myanmar, Thailand, Indochina and/or Taiwan could have become populated by younger lineages. The millipede fauna of continental China is thus a tangled mixture of zoogeographic elements of various origins and ages, both relict and more advanced. The few anthropochores must have been the latest faunal "layer" to populate China.

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Shelley, Rowland M. "The millipeds of central Canada (Arthropoda: Diplopoda), with reviews of the Canadian fauna and diplopod faunistic studies." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 11 (2002): 1863–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-170.

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The milliped fauna of central Canada, extending from the Rocky Mountains of Alberta to James Bay and eastern Lake Superior, Ontario, comprises nine species, four Palearctic introductions, Cylindroiulus latestriatus (Curtis), Archiboreoiulus pallidus (Brade-Birks), Nopoiulus kochii (Gervais), and Polydesmus inconstans Latzel, and five native species, Aniulus garius (Chamberlin), Oriulus venustus (Wood), Underwoodia iuloides (Harger), Underwoodia tida Chamberlin, and Brunsonia albertana (Chamberlin). Three additional species, Polyxenus lagurus (L.), Aniulus (Hakiulus)diversifrons diversifrons (Wood), and Oxidus gracilis (C.L. Koch), are potential inhabitants. Aniulus garius is newly recorded from Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, and Archiboreoiulus pallidus is newly reported from British Columbia and Illinois, U.S.A.; Zygotyla phana Chamberlin is formally placed in synonymy under Brunsonia atrolineata (Bollman). The total Canadian fauna consists of 6 orders, 20 families, 43 genera, and 62 species/subspecies, nearly one-third of which (20 species in total) are importations from the Palearctic and Asiatic realms. The total indigenous fauna therefore comprises 6 orders, 15 families, 30 genera, and 42 species, and 10 additional species potentially occur in British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick. Uroblaniulus idahoanus (Chamberlin) is provisionally recognized as the representative of the tribe Uroblaniulini (Julida: Parajulidae) in British Columbia, and specific localities are reported, which also constitute new records for the province and country. Canada is the first large country in the world whose diplopod fauna is essentially completely known; other countries, islands, and island groups in this category are summarized.

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Shear, William A., and Stewart B. Peck. "Millipeds (Diplopoda) of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 11 (1987): 2640–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-400.

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Six species of millipeds are reported for the first time from the Galapagos Islands, raising the known diplopod fauna to eight species. Agenodesmus nullus n.sp. is described (Furhmannodesmidae). Six members of the fauna are in the eyeless order Polydesmida, and one species each are in the orders Polyxenida and Polyzoniida. Most species were probably introduced by man. Only Nesodesmus insulanus Chamberlin may be naturally occurring and endemic.

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SHELLEY, ROWLAND M. "Taxonomy of extant Diplopoda (Millipeds) in the modern era: Perspectives for future advancements and observations on the global diplopod community (Arthropoda: Diplopoda)*." Zootaxa 1668, no. 1 (2007): 343–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1668.1.18.

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The modern era in diplopod taxonomy began in 1971 with publication of the Nomenclator Generum et Familiarum Diplopodorum. Along with the internet and electronic communications, this pioneering work catalyzed an increased output of synthetic publications beyond mere species descriptions, thereby leading to accelerating advancements. Significant taxonomic and/or cataloging studies have since occurred in 14 of the 16 established orders, all except Stemmiulida and Siphoniulida. Important faunistic works have appeared on Canada, Mexico, Asian Russia, China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, Iran, Turkey, central Asia in general, Belgium, Scandinavia, Great Britain & Ireland, Madagascar, and the Comoros, Canary, Cape Verde, and Galapagos Islands. The complete known ranges of four orders, four superfamilies, and 47 families have been mapped along with partial, regional mappings for seven other orders and seven families. With only one resident taxonomist, continental regions of the Neotropics warrant concentrated attention in future years, and emphasis on Chinese millipeds will surely continue because of the discovery of a substantial southeast Asian callipodidan fauna. Taxonomic emphases are needed in the Spirobolidea (Spirobolida), to assess affinities between the 10 component families, and Spirostreptida, to determine taxonomic positions of the suborders Cambalidea & Epinannolenidea. Resolution of the latter may derive from development of the "8th gonopod clade" concept, involving the orders Chordeumatida, Callipodida, Stemmiulida, Polydesmida, & Siphoniulida, and the suborder Spirostreptidea (Spirostreptida). Attributes of the global diplopod community are discussed.

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Antic, D. Z., B. P. M. Curcic, V. T. Tomic, et al. "One hundred millipede species in Serbia (Arthropoda: Myriapoda: Diplopoda)." Archives of Biological Sciences 65, no. 4 (2013): 1559–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1304559a.

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The millipede fauna of Serbia consists of 100 species, 44 genera, 16 families and 7 orders. The most abundant are families Julidae (41 species or 41%) and Polydesmidae (22 species or 22%). Of the total number, 27 species (27%) are endemic to Serbia, while 18 (18%) are endemic to the Balkan Peninsula. All registered species can be related to 15 zoogeographical categories. Glomeris klugii Brandt, 1833 (Glomerida: Glomeridae), Cibiniulus phlepsii (Verhoeff, 1897) (Julida: Blaniulidae), Brachyiulus bagnalli (Brolemann, 1924), Megaphyllum carniolense (Verhoeff, 1897), Typhloiulus incurvatus Verhoeff, 1899, Xestoiulus luteus (Attems, 1951) (all Julida: Julidae), and Polydesmus renschi Schubart, 1934 (Polydesmida: Polydesmidae) represent new records for the diplopod fauna of Serbia.

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MIKHALJOVA, ELENA V., VITALY M. KAZARIN, and YURY M. MARUSIK. "Genus Leptoiulus Verhoeff, 1894 new to the fauna of China, with a description of a new species and a review of and a key to genera of Julidae Leach, 1814 occurring in China (Diplopoda, Julida)." Zootaxa 5609, no. 1 (2025): 116–24. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.7.

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The diplopod genus Leptoiulus Verhoeff, 1894 is new to the fauna of China, due to the discovery of L. hebeiensis sp. nov. from Hebei Province. A description of the new species is provided. The family Julidae Leach, 1814 is represented in China by 5 genera, all keyed, including Leptoiulus. A basic review of the Julidae occurring in China including Taiwan is presented.

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Golovatch, Sergei I., and Jochen Martens. "Distribution, diversity patterns and faunogenesis of the millipedes (Diplopoda) of the Himalayas." ZooKeys 741 (March 7, 2018): 3–34. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.741.20041.

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The Himalayas support a highly rich, diverse, multi-layered, mostly endemic diplopod fauna which presently contains >270 species, 53 genera, 23 families and 13 orders. This is the result of mixing the ancient, apparently Tertiary and younger, Plio-Pleistocene elements of various origins, as well as the most recent anthropochore (= man-mediated) introductions. At the species and, partly, generic levels, the fauna is largely autochthonous and sylvicolous, formed through abounding in situ radiation and vicariance events. In general, the species from large genera and families tend to occupy a wide range of altitudes, but nearly each of the constituent species shows a distribution highly localized both horizontally and altitudinally, yet quite often with sympatry or even syntopy involved. The bulk of the fauna is Indo-Malayan in origin, with individual genera or families shared with those of SE Asia (mostly) and/or S India (few). Sino-Himalayan and, especially, Palaearctic components are subordinate, but also clearly distinguishable.

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Ross, Andrew J., Gregory D. Edgecombe, Neil D. L. Clark, et al. "A new terrestrial millipede fauna of earliest Carboniferous (Tournaisian) age from southeastern Scotland helps fill ‘Romer's Gap'." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 108, no. 1 (2017): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691018000142.

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ABSTRACTA diverse millipede (diplopod) fauna has been recovered from the earliest Carboniferous (Tournaisian) Ballagan Formation of the Scottish Borders, discovered by the late Stan Wood. The material is generally fragmentary; however, six different taxa are present based on seven specimens. Only one displays enough characters for formal description and is named Woodesmus sheari Ross, Edgecombe & Clark gen. & sp. nov. The absence of paranota justifies the erection of Woodesmidae fam. nov. within the Archipolypoda. The diverse fauna supports the theory that an apparent lack of terrestrial animal fossils from ‘Romer's Gap' was due to a lack of collecting and suitable deposits, rather than to low oxygen levels as previously suggested.

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Kokhia, Mzia S., and Sergei I. Golovatch. "Diversity and distribution of the millipedes (Diplopoda) of Georgia, Caucasus." ZooKeys 930 (April 28, 2020): 199–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.930.47490.

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The diplopod fauna of Georgia, Transcaucasia, is very rich given the country’s relatively small territory; it presently comprises 103 species from 44 genera, 12 families, and 7 orders. Most of the Diplopoda known from Georgia (86 species, or 83%) demonstrate Caucasian distribution patterns, 36 and 46 species, as well as 8 and 9 genera being endemic or subendemic to the country, respectively. A single Holarctic family, Anthroleucosomatidae (order Chordeumatida), contains 44 Caucasian species and 20 genera, of which 27 species and 14 genera are endemic or subendemic to Georgia. Likewise, all species from the orders Polyzoniida, Siphonocryptida, Glomerida and Chordeumatida, as well as most species of Julida and Polydesmida are native, also endemic or subendemic to the Caucasus, but the genera and families they represent are widely distributed at least across the Euro-Mediterranean Realm. Most of the presumed troglobionts in the Caucasus appear to be confined to western Georgia’s karst caves (14 species, 5 genera). Within Georgia, the fauna of the western part (= Colchis) is particularly rich and diverse, while that of the central and eastern parts of the country grows increasingly depauperate inland following the gradual climatic aridisation from west (Black Sea coast) to east (Armenia and Azerbaijan). The vertical distribution of the Diplopoda in Georgia, as well as the Caucasus generally, shows the bulk of the fauna restricted to forested lowland to mountain biomes or their remnants. Only very few Chordeumatida and Julus species seem to occur solely in the subalpine to alpine environments and thus may provisionally be considered as high-montane elements. Ongoing and future research on the millipedes of the Caucasus, especially in cave and montane environments, will undoubtedly allow for many more novelties and details of the diversity and distribution of Georgia’s Diplopoda to be revealed or refined.

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Kokhia, Mzia S., and Sergei I. Golovatch. "Diversity and distribution of the millipedes (Diplopoda) of Georgia, Caucasus." ZooKeys 930 (April 28, 2020): 199–219. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.930.47490.

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The diplopod fauna of Georgia, Transcaucasia, is very rich given the country's relatively small territory; it presently comprises 103 species from 44 genera, 12 families, and 7 orders. Most of the Diplopoda known from Georgia (86 species, or 83%) demonstrate Caucasian distribution patterns, 36 and 46 species, as well as 8 and 9 genera being endemic or subendemic to the country, respectively. A single Holarctic family, Anthroleucosomatidae (order Chordeumatida), contains 44 Caucasian species and 20 genera, of which 27 species and 14 genera are endemic or subendemic to Georgia. Likewise, all species from the orders Polyzoniida, Siphonocryptida, Glomerida and Chordeumatida, as well as most species of Julida and Polydesmida are native, also endemic or subendemic to the Caucasus, but the genera and families they represent are widely distributed at least across the Euro-Mediterranean Realm. Most of the presumed troglobionts in the Caucasus appear to be confined to western Georgia's karst caves (14 species, 5 genera). Within Georgia, the fauna of the western part (= Colchis) is particularly rich and diverse, while that of the central and eastern parts of the country grows increasingly depauperate inland following the gradual climatic aridisation from west (Black Sea coast) to east (Armenia and Azerbaijan). The vertical distribution of the Diplopoda in Georgia, as well as the Caucasus generally, shows the bulk of the fauna restricted to forested lowland to mountain biomes or their remnants. Only very few Chordeumatida and Julus species seem to occur solely in the subalpine to alpine environments and thus may provisionally be considered as high-montane elements. Ongoing and future research on the millipedes of the Caucasus, especially in cave and montane environments, will undoubtedly allow for many more novelties and details of the diversity and distribution of Georgia's Diplopoda to be revealed or refined.

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Kozak, V. M. "Influence of anthropogenic factors on the fauna of diplopods in the steppe zone of Ukraine." Ecology and Noospherology 32, no. 1 (2021): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/032109.

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Various industries that constantly pollute the environment with their waste are quite well developed in the steppe zone of Ukraine. That in turn affects living organisms. The analysis of literature sources allowed to determine the factors influencing the diplopods fauna of the Steppe. Parasites, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, heavy metals and other pollutants adversely affect invertebrates. Pesticides (glyphosate, imidacloprid, dimethoate, pirimiphos-methyl, propargite, cypermethrin, tebuconazole, chlorpyrifos, mefenoxam, mancozeb, sulfur, propiconazole, cyprodinil) are toxic to diplopods. They can affect lifetime, fertility, abundance, coordination of movements, feeding rates, change body weight and even in high concentrations cause the death of these animals. Sulfur, pirimiphos-methyl, propiconazole, imidacloprid, dimethoate and cypermethrin are the most toxic of all these pesticides. They cause the highest mortality. Heavy metals accumulate in the bodies of saprophages, reduce their abundance, affect body weight, cause a change in the intensity of eating food by diplopods. Nickel, lead, cadmium, zinc, cuprum and ferrum are toxic to millipedes. High concentrations of cadmium cause 100% mortality of Megaphyllum kievense (Lohmander, 1928). The development of urbanization causes a decrease in the abundance of saprophages. The species composition and number of individuals of some taxonomic groups of millipedes are reduced in reclamation areas. The nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser, 1955) and Heterorhabditis heliothidis (Khan, Brooks & Hirschmann, 1976) slow down the protective reactions of the body of Oxidus gracilis (C. L. Koch, 1847). The high intensity of diplopod infection with gregarines slows down the feeding process of Rossiulus kessleri (Lohmander, 1927). Lighting, soil humidity and the number of ants also affect the abundance of diplopods in natural forests and forest plantations of the steppe zone. Thus the diplopods are influenced by many environmental factors that can reduce their abundance in agrocenoses, forested and reclamation areas of the steppe zone of Ukraine.

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Golovatch, Sergei I., and Jochen Martens. "Distribution, diversity patterns and faunogenesis of the millipedes (Diplopoda) of the Himalayas." ZooKeys 741 (September 18, 2017): 3–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.741.20041.

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The Himalayas support a highly rich, diverse, multi-layered, mostly endemic diplopod fauna which presently contains &gt;270 species, 53 genera, 23 families and 13 orders. This is the result of mixing the ancient, apparently Tertiary and younger, Plio-Pleistocene elements of various origins, as well as the most recent anthropochore (= man-mediated) introductions. At the species and, partly, generic levels, the fauna is largely autochthonous and sylvicolous, formed through aboundingin situradiation and vicariance events. In general, the species from large genera and families tend to occupy a wide range of altitudes, but nearly each of the constituent species shows a distribution highly localized both horizontally and altitudinally, yet quite often with sympatry or even syntopy involved. The bulk of the fauna is Indo-Malayan in origin, with individual genera or families shared with those of SE Asia (mostly) and/or S India (few). Sino-Himalayan and, especially, Palaearctic components are subordinate, but also clearly distinguishable.

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Spelda, Joerg, Hans Reip, Biener Ulla Oliveira, and Roland Melzer. "Barcoding Fauna Bavarica: Myriapoda – a contribution to DNA sequence-based identifications of centipedes and millipedes (Chilopoda, Diplopoda)." ZooKeys 156 (December 20, 2011): 123–39. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.156.2176.

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We give a first account of our ongoing barcoding activities on Bavarian myriapods in the framework of the Barcoding Fauna Bavarica project and IBOL, the International Barcode of Life.analyzed 126 taxa (including 122 species) belonging to all major German chilopod and diplopod lineages, often using four or more specimens each, at the moment our species stock includes 82% of the diplopods and 65% of the chilopods found in Bavaria, southern Germany. The partial COI sequences allow correct identification of more than 95% of the current set of Bavarian species. Moreover, most of the myriapod orders and families appear as distinct clades in neighbour-joining trees, although the phylogenetic relationships between them are not always depicted correctly. We give examples of (1) high interspecific sequence variability among closely related species; (2) low interspecific variability in some chordeumatidan genera, indicating that recent speciations cannot be resolved with certainty using COI DNA barcodes; (3) high intraspecific variation in some genera, suggesting the existence of cryptic lineages; and (4) the possible polyphyly of some taxa, i.e. the chordeumatidan genus <i>Ochogona</i>. This shows that, in addition to species identification, our data may be useful in various ways in the context of species delimitations, taxonomic revisions and analyses of ongoing speciation processes.

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BUENO-VILLEGAS, JULIÁN, PETRA SIERWALD, and ANTONIO A. DE ASCENÇÃO. "Check list of the Venezuelan millipedes species." Zootaxa 4686, no. 2 (2019): 151–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4686.2.1.

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Here we provide a checklist of millipedes described or recorded in the literature from Venezuela. The diplopod fauna is comprised of eight orders, 18 families, 54 genera, and 157 species. The millipede orders Glomerida, Chordeumatida, Julida, Siphoniulida, and Platydesmida (known elsewhere in the Western Hemisphere) are not, as of yet, reported from the Venezuelan fauna. Two widely distributed invasive species, Asiomorpha coarctata and Oxidus gracilis, were recorded from Venezuela. All species records listed here contain comprehensive citation and synonymy lists. Numerous locality data are questionable and are discussed. For most species, the supposed deposition of the type specimens is given. However, the museum and gender information is taken mostly from the literature as the type specimen themselves were not examined. An analysis of records extracted from GBIF in 2016 and in 2018 was conducted and compared to the data captured from the published taxonomic literature. The data in this checklist are summarized online at the MilliBase website.

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Shelley, Rowland M. "The millipeds of eastern Canada (Arthropoda: Diplopoda)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 7 (1988): 1638–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-239.

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The diplopod fauna of eastern Canada, an area containing all or parts of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland, consists of 6 orders, 15 families, 28 genera, and 38 species. Eighteen species, 47% of the total fauna, are synanthropic forms introduced chiefly from Europe, and 11 additional millipeds, including another order and family, may occur there, particularly in southern Ontario. The sole Canadian records of Polyzonium mutabile Causey, Aniulus paludicolens Causey, Uroblaniulus stolidus Causey, Pseudopolydesmus branneri (Bollman), Scytonotus granulatus (Say), and Pleuroloma flavipes Rafinesque; the genera Cleidogona, Scytonotus, and Pleuroloma; and the family Cleidogonidae are from Ontario. Pleuroloma flavipes and Uroblaniulus stolidus, in Essex and Algoma counties, are newly recorded from Canada. Polyxenus lagurus (L.), Underwoodia iuloides (Harger), and Trichopetalum lunatum Harger are the only native diplopods in the Maritime Provinces, and Allajulus caeruleocinctus (Wood), a Palearctic introduction, is the only species known from New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. The combination Polyzonium cryptocephalum (McNeill) is revived for the dominant eastern polyzoniid species, and Petaserpes rosalbus Cope and Polyzonium divaricatum Loomis are recognized as synonyms of it, the latter being new. Other new synonymies are Polyzonium borealis Loomis and P. quadricauda Loomis with P. mutabile Causey; Julus immaculatus Wood and Parajulus dux Chamberlin with Uroblaniulus canadensis (Newport); and Underwoodia polygama Cook and Collins with U. iuloides. Apheloria virginiensis (Drury), n.comb., is proposed as are subspecific statuses for the common eastern spirobolid millipeds. American species improbable for eastern Canada are identified, and a key to known and potential taxa and pertinent anatomical drawings are provided.

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Golovatch, Sergei. "The millipede family Cryptodesmidae in Indochina (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)." ZooKeys 578 (April 7, 2016): 33–43. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.578.7994.

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In addition to two species of the diplopod family Cryptodesmidae already reported from Indochina, Trichopeltis kometis (Attems, 1938) and Ophrydesmus anichkini Golovatch, 2015, the fauna of that region is supplemented by three species: Niponia nodulosa Verhoeff, 1931, a millipede hitherto known only from southern Japan and Taiwan, is now recorded from Vietnam; Trichopeltis cavernicola sp. n. from Laos, the sixth species in that tropical Asian genus, is the first presumed troglobite to be described amongst the Asian cryptodesmids and shows several distinct troglomorphic features; and Circulocryptus gen. n., monobasic, which joins the tribe Dyakryptini, but differs from all three contribal genera (two monobasic from Borneo, and another, oligotypic, from New Guinea) primarily in the gonopods of C. faillei sp. n., from Vietnam, being especially elaborate and subcircular, the telopodites strongly twisted, and the solenomere lying much more basally.

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Noël, Franck, Antoine Racine, Lucien Claivaz, Étienne Iorio, and Jean-Jacques Geoffroy. "Trois espèces de myriapodes nouvelles pour la faune de France métropolitaine." Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 129, no. 4 (2024): 393–406. https://doi.org/10.32475/bsef_2291.

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Three species of Myriapoda new for metropolitan France. Two species of diplopods, Cylindroiulus britannicus (Verhoeff, 1891) (Diplopoda: Julida) and Amphitomeus attemsi (Schubart, 1934) (Diplopoda: Polydesmida) and one of chilopod, Tygarrup javanicus Attems, 1907 (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha), have recently been discovered in metropolitan France. A detailed description of the localities is made. Identification clues are also given. The number of Diplopod species for metropolitan France increases to 311 species and that of Chilopods to 152 species.

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Vagalinski, Boyan, and Sergei I. Golovatch. "The millipede tribe Brachyiulini in the Caucasus (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)." ZooKeys 1058 (August 30, 2021): 1–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1058.68628.

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The diplopod tribe Brachyiulini is represented in the fauna of the Caucasus by eight genera and 32 species, of which one genus and 14 species are described as new: Colchiobrachyiulus montanus Vagalinski, sp. nov., Iraniulus tricornis Vagalinski, sp. nov., Omobrachyiulus armatus Vagalinski, sp. nov., O. fasciatus Vagalinski, sp. nov., O. faxifer Vagalinski, sp. nov., O. kvavadzei Vagalinski, sp. nov., O. lazanyiae Vagalinski, sp. nov., O. ponticus Vagalinski, sp. nov., O. pristis Vagalinski, sp. nov., O. trochiloides Vagalinski, sp. nov., O. unugulis Vagalinski, sp. nov., O. zuevi Vagalinski, sp. nov., Svaniulus ryvkini Vagalinski, gen. nov., sp. nov., and S. waltheri Vagalinski, gen. nov., sp. nov.Colchiobrachyiulus Lohmander, 1936, a former subgenus of Megaphyllum, is here elevated to a full genus, and the genus Grusiniulus Lohmander, 1936 is downgraded to a subgenus of the genus Cyphobrachyiulus Verhoeff, 1900, both stat. nov., with their previously described species, Colchiobrachyiulus dioscoriadis (Lignau, 1915) and Cyphobrachyiulus redikorzevi (Lohmander, 1936), respectively, listed as comb. nov.Omobrachyiulus brachyurus (Attems, 1899) is formally established as a junior subjective synonym of O. caucasicus (Karsch, 1881), syn. nov., and Omobrachyiulus implicitus ritsensis (Golovatch, 1981) is formally synonymised with the typical Omobrachyiulus implicitus (Lohmander, 1936), syn. nov.Omobrachyiulus sevangensis (Lohmander, 1932), originally described in the genus Megaphyllum, is here transferred to the former genus, comb. nov. The diagnoses and descriptions of some genera and subgenera are refined and complemented. A key is given to all genera and species of Brachyiulini that occur in the Caucasus, and their distributions are mapped. Several species are recorded as new to the faunas of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, or Russia. The distribution patterns of the Caucasian Brachyiulini and their biogeographic implications are discussed.

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Vagalinski, Boyan, and Sergei I. Golovatch. "The millipede tribe Brachyiulini in the Caucasus (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)." ZooKeys 1058 (August 30, 2021): 1–127. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1058.68628.

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The diplopod tribe Brachyiulini is represented in the fauna of the Caucasus by eight genera and 32 species, of which one genus and 14 species are described as new: Colchiobrachyiulus montanus Vagalinski, sp. nov., Iraniulus tricornis Vagalinski, sp. nov., Omobrachyiulus armatus Vagalinski, sp. nov., O. fasciatus Vagalinski, sp. nov., O. faxifer Vagalinski, sp. nov., O. kvavadzei Vagalinski, sp. nov., O. lazanyiae Vagalinski, sp. nov., O. ponticus Vagalinski, sp. nov., O. pristis Vagalinski, sp. nov., O. trochiloides Vagalinski, sp. nov., O. unugulis Vagalinski, sp. nov., O. zuevi Vagalinski, sp. nov., Svaniulus ryvkini Vagalinski, gen. nov., sp. nov., and S. waltheri Vagalinski, gen. nov., sp. nov. Colchiobrachyiulus Lohmander, 1936, a former subgenus of Megaphyllum, is here elevated to a full genus, and the genus Grusiniulus Lohmander, 1936 is downgraded to a subgenus of the genus Cyphobrachyiulus Verhoeff, 1900, both stat. nov., with their previously described species, Colchiobrachyiulus dioscoriadis (Lignau, 1915) and Cyphobrachyiulus redikorzevi (Lohmander, 1936), respectively, listed as comb. nov. Omobrachyiulus brachyurus (Attems, 1899) is formally established as a junior subjective synonym of O. caucasicus (Karsch, 1881), syn. nov., and Omobrachyiulus implicitus ritsensis (Golovatch, 1981) is formally synonymised with the typical Omobrachyiulus implicitus (Lohmander, 1936), syn. nov. Omobrachyiulus sevangensis (Lohmander, 1932), originally described in the genus Megaphyllum, is here transferred to the former genus, comb. nov. The diagnoses and descriptions of some genera and subgenera are refined and complemented. A key is given to all genera and species of Brachyiulini that occur in the Caucasus, and their distributions are mapped. Several species are recorded as new to the faunas of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, or Russia. The distribution patterns of the Caucasian Brachyiulini and their biogeographic implications are discussed.

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Shelley, Rowland M. "A new milliped of the genus Metaxycheir from the Pacific coast of Canada (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae), with remarks on the tribe Chonaphini and the western Canadian and Alaskan diplopod fauna." Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 11 (1990): 2310–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-323.

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Metaxycheir pacifica, a new chonaphine xystodesmid milliped from Vancouver Island, British Columbia, inhabits decidous spots in the forests along the Pacific Ocean from Bamfield to China Beach Provincial Park. It displays a subcylindrical body, imparted by reduced paranota caudal to segment 4; an acropodite in the form of a broad, open loop; and an acicular prefemoral process with minute subapical barbules. It is segregated from the type species, M. prolata Buckett and Gardner, in northern Idaho, by over 600 km, and is the second western Canadian xystodesmid. The tribe Chonaphini occupies five areas of allopatric populations: that of M. pacifica; from central Oregon to western Montana; and three areas in the north central and eastern states. The Pacific coastal region harbors the most diverse fauna of western Canada, and a second center of diversity lies around Mount Revelstoke and Glacier national parks. The diplopod fauna of Alaska and western Canada consists of at least 5 orders, 13 families, 22 genera, and 24 species; of these, 5, 10, 16, and 17 are indigenous forms and 2, 4, 6, and 7 are introductions, respectively. The chordeumatoid family Rhiscosomididae and the genus Rhiscosomides are new to Canada; five allochthonus species, Cylindroiulus caeruleocinctus (Wood), Ophyiulus pilosus (Newport), Oxidus gracilis (C. L. Koch), Brachydesmus superus Latzel, and Polydesmus inconstans Latzel, are new to the western provinces; and the Polyxenidae (Polyxenida) and Caseyidae (Chordeumatida) are new to Alaska.

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WOO, HYUNG JIK, ANH D. NGUYEN, KUEM HEE JANG, EUN HWA CHOI, SHI HYUN RYU, and UI WOOK HWANG. "The complete mitochondrial genome of the Korean endemic millipede Anaulaciulus koreanus (Verhoeff, 1937), with notes on the gene arrangement of millipede orders." Zootaxa 4329, no. 6 (2017): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4329.6.3.

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The millipede Anaulaciulus koreanus (Verhoeff, 1937), belonging to the family Julidae, is an endemic species of the Korean fauna. In this study, we sequence and annotate the mitochondrial genome of A. koreanus. The complete mitochondrial genome of this species is 14,916 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes (16S and 12S rRNA), and a large non-coding region. The genome has a very high A+T content (71.1%), less than of the species Brachycybe lecontii Wood, 1864 (order Platydesmida; 76.6%) and Sphaerotheriidae sp. (order Sphaerotheriida; 71.2%). In comparison with the mitochondrial gene arrangement of eight other millipede species, the whole mitochondrial gene arrangement of A. koreanus is most similar to the nemasomatid species, Antrokoreana gracilipes Verhoeff, 1938, but differs from those of the other diplopod orders. The absence of tRNACys between the ND2 and COI regions is unique to the order Polydesmida, whereas the translocation of tRNATyr to between ND2 and COI is exclusive to the Sphaerotheriida. It is also shown that the translocation of tRNAThr between ND4L and ND1 may be a synapomorphy to support a close relationship of two orders Spirobolida and Spirostreptida.

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Ramanathan, B., R. Gnanamani, T. S. Pathan, and G. Indira Rani. "Millipede Diversity and Distribution in the Sirumalai Hills (Eastern Ghats), Tamil Nadu, India." Journal of Advanced Zoology 44, no. 2 (2023): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44i2.105.

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Millipedes are one of the significant terrestrial fauna in the forest ecosystem to decompose the plants' debris. Despite their environmental significance, records on millipede distribution are quite scarce and invalid in Tamil Nadu, India. The first investigation is an attempt to assess the population of millipedes at different elevation levels of Sirumallai Hills from July 2020 to June 2021. The number of millipedes was recorded using pitfall trapping and quadrant sampling. Millipede diversity and distribution in different elevations were evaluated with the help of Shannon’s and Simpson’s indexes and richness and evenness were estimated by standard methods. A total of 8 species of millipede belonging to the order Polydesmida, Sphaerotheriida and Spirobolida were recorded in lower, middle and higher elevations. Our results showed that Orthomorpha coarctata, Oxidus gracilis, Haphaphe haydeniana, Aulabolus newtoni and Trigoniulus corallinus species were in found all the elevations and most abundant in lower elevations. Arthosphaera magna, Arthosphaera dalyi and Arthosphaera distica species were abundant in middle elevations and scarce in upper and lower elevations. Diplopod species abundance and diversity were lesser in lower and higher elevations when compared to the middle elevation. Despite their richness similarities in all elevations, there were differences in the composition of the millipede species between the elevations.

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Based on all available information, 339 species from 71 genera, 26 families, and eleven orders of Diplopoda have hitherto been recorded from mainland China, the fauna thus being very rich, albeit far from completely known, comprising various zoogeographic elements and populating very different environments. Diplopods mainly occur in various woodlands, in caves, and high in the mountains. Most species (&gt; 90 %, usually highly localised, including 160 cavernicoles), 18 genera, and one family are strictly endemic to continental China. Mapping not only the horizontal, but also the vertical distributions of Diplopoda in China shows the bulk of the fauna to be expectedly restricted to forested lowland and mountain biomes or their remnants. Yet some Chordeumatida, Callipodida, Polydesmida, Julida, and even Spirobolida seem to occur only in the subalpine to alpine environments and thus may provisionally be considered as truly high-montane. The long-acknowledged notions of China being a great biogeographic zone transitional between the Palaearctic and Oriental regions generally find good support in millipede distributions, in particular at the higher taxonomic levels (generic, familial, and ordinal). While the Palaearctic/Holarctic components expectedly dominate the fauna of the northern parts of the country, the Oriental ones prevail in its south and along the Pacific coast. Both realms are increasingly mixed and intermingled towards China’s centre. However, in addition to the above traditional views, based on distribution patterns alone, southern China seems to harbour a rather small, but highly peculiar faunal nucleus or origin centre of its own, whence Himalaya, Myanmar, Thailand, Indochina and/or Taiwan could have become populated by younger lineages. The millipede fauna of continental China is thus a tangled mixture of zoogeographic elements of various origins and ages, both relict and more advanced. The few anthropochores must have been the latest faunal “layer” to populate China.

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Bregović, Petra, Martina Pavlek, Marko Lukić, et al. "Biospeleološka istraživanja špilja i jama parka Sjeverni Velebit u 2018. godini." Senjski zbornik 46, no. 1 (2020): 37–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31953/sz.46.1.2.

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Projektom Biospeleološka istraživanja i inventarizacija faune u speleološkim objektima Nacionalnog parka Sjeverni Velebit u suradnji Javne ustanove "Nacionalni park Sjeverni Velebit" i Hrvatskog biospeleološkog društva, biospeleološki je istraženo 5 speleoloških objekata: Jama pod Budinom kosicom, Jama u kuku, Sniježnica u Medvjeđoj dolini, Špilja u Štirovači i Terca. U svakom je objektu sakupljana fauna, mjereni su mikroklimatski parametri te su fotodokumentirani ulaz, unutrašnjost objekta i fauna. Detaljno su taksonomski obrađene skupine pauka (Araneae), jednakonožnih rakova (Isopoda), striga (Chilopoda), dvojenoga (Diplopoda), skokuna (Collembola) i kornjaša (Coleoptera). Rezultati ovog istraživanja značajno su doprinijeli poznavanju podzemne faune Parka te su naglasili važnost i potrebu sustavne inventarizacije podzemne faune speleoloških objekata.

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Hilgert, Michael, Nesrine Akkari, Cahyo Rahmadi, and Thomas Wesener. "The Myriapoda of Halimun-Salak National Park (Java, Indonesia): overview and faunal composition." Biodiversity Data Journal 7 (April 15, 2019): e32218. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.7.e32218.

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The myriapod fauna of the mega-diverse country of Indonesia is so far insufficiently known, with no species lists or determination keys. In order to obtain an overview of the faunal composition of the Myriapoda in an Indonesian forest system, the fauna of the Halimun-Salak National Park in western Java was explored during the dry season (September–October 2015) in the framework of the German-Indonesian INDOBIOSYS project (Indonesian Biodiversity Discovery and Information System). A total of 980 Myriapoda specimens were collected by hand by 3–4 researchers from three different sites in the national park, from which 796 specimens were determined to a higher taxonomic level (class, order, family) and 617 specimens were determined to morphospecies. Among these, 27 were Symphyla (4%) (excluded from further analyses), 226 Chilopoda (28%) and 543 Diplopoda (68%). The Scolopendromorpha (64% of all identified centipedes) and Polydesmida (69% of all identified Diplopoda) were the most represented orders in our samples. Twenty-four morphospecies of Chilopoda were determined: one each of Scutigeromorpha and Lithobiomorpha, six Scolopendromorpha and sixteen Geophilomorpha. Nine orders of diplopods were present, with a total of 47 morphospecies: one each of Polyxenida, Glomeridesmida and Chordeumatida, two each of Glomerida, Spirobolida and Siphonophorida, seven of Sphaerotheriida, ten of Spirostreptida and 21 of Polydesmida. Two species curves were obtained to have a first idea about the myriapod diversity in the Halimun-Salak National Park and to compare the three individual collecting sites. Our results depict the Scolopendromorpha as the most common centipedes in Javanese rainforests and the Geophilomorpha as the most species-rich order. In contrast, the Polydesmida were the most dominant millipede group with 167 specimens and with 13 morphospecies the family Paradoxosomatidae was the most diverse.

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Jung, Monika, Barbara Nieradko-Iwanicka, and Grzegorz Kania. "Medical and Economical Significance of Millipedes." Polish Hyperbaric Research 82, no. 1 (2023): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/phr-2023-0007.

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Abstract Millipedes as saprophagous epigeic fauna members are involved in the decomposition of organic debris. Diplopod’s activity improve circulation of nutrients, elements and accelerate environmental reclamation. Beyond mentioned above Diplopoda can provoke sanitary and epidemiological threats especially during swarming or seasonal migrations activities. Considering following aspects: contact with defensive secretions, pseudo-parasitic activity that imitates helminthiasis or passive transmission of pathogens, we can discuss direct or distant effects on human health. Education and proper prophylactic remain neglected. Variety of substances from millipedes are checked for their medical action: direct body extracts and active chemical components from defensive secretion. Millipedes may serve as source for zoo-pharmacology and zoo-indication development. This issue review shows that both pros and cons of the Diplopod’s influences should be considered. Literature was carried out from middle of 20th century article till recent papers. The nowadays literature were found in Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline search base.

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Battigelli, Jeffrey P., Shannon M. Berch, and Valin G. Marshall. "Soil fauna communities in two distinct but adjacent forest types on northern Vancouver Island, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 8 (1994): 1557–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-203.

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The composition of major soil fauna groups throughout the soil profile in adjacent old growth western red cedar (Thujaplicata Donn)–western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) and mature hemlock–amabilis fir (Abiesamabilis (Dougl.) Forbes) forests on northern Vancouver Island was compared as part of an integrated study on the possible causes of poor growth of plantation Sitka spruce (Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) on cedar–hemlock cutblocks. In addition, we examined seasonal changes in vertical distribution of soil fauna within the forest floor of both forest types. At five times between August 1989 and March 1991, four methods were used to extract soil fauna: hand sorting, high-gradient extraction, modified Baermann funnel, and the Formalin method. Forty-one faunal groups were identified in both forest types. The hemlock–amabilis fir forest maintained a higher abundance and biomass of soil fauna than the cedar–hemlock forest. Nematoda were numerically dominant in both forest types followed by Acari, Collembola, and Copepoda. Diplopoda, Enchytraeidae, Diptera larvae, and Acari dominated soil fauna biomass in both forests. Similarity indices indicated that the forest types have similar group diversity. The majority of Nematoda, Acari, and Collembola were found in the LF and H horizons in both forest types. On average, more than 50% of the Acari and Collembola populations were found in the LF horizon while approximately 30% of the Nematoda were found there.

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Welch, R. Colin. "Invertebrates of Scottish sand dunes." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 96 (1989): 267–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000010976.

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SynopsisThe first comparative study in Britain of the invertebrate fauna of a large number of coastal sites was carried out in Scotland in 1976/77. Fifty-eight sites were selected at fifty-four locations in four geographic areas: East Coast, Moray Firth, North & North-west Coast and the Outer Hebrides. Lepidoptera were collected in MV light traps, while Coleoptera, Araneae, Mollusca and Diplopoda were caught in pitfall traps. The results are analysed to show the relationships between the faunal elements of each region and how species distribution correlates with latitude and is affected by climate. Examples are given to illustrate the great range of distribution patterns of selected species in the five major invertebrate groups studied. Some priority areas for site conservation are listed and recommendations made for a different approach to dune management.

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Enghoff, Henrik, and Sayed Abbas Moravvej. "A review of the millipede fauna of Iran (Diplopoda)." Zoology in the Middle East 35, no. 1 (2005): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2005.10638104.

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Shear, William A. "Myriapodous arthropods from the Viséan of East Kirkton, West Lothian, Scotland." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 84, no. 3-4 (1993): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026359330000612x.

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ABSTRACTSeveral specimens of myriapodous arthropods have been discovered at the early Carboniferous East Kirkton site near Bathgate, West Lothian, Scotland. None is particularly well preserved, but they are the earliest known Carboniferous myriapods, filling the time gap between the Old Red Sandstone of the early Devonian and the abundant myriapod faunas of the late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian). One of the specimens, a milliped, provides the earliest evidence for both ozopores (repugnatorial gland openings) and spiracles. A second milliped specimen has some characteristics of the living Order Glomeridesmida, and hence of Enghoff's (1990) ‘ground plan’ of chilognathan millipeds. Aspects of these forms and a third suggest a novel early Carboniferous fauna clearly different from both earlier and later ones. The taxon name ‘Myriapoda’ should be abandoned, since it covers a group now recognised as paraphyletic. ‘Archipolypoda’ is probably synonymous with Order Euphoberiida, Class Diplopoda.

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Manu, Minodora, Raluca Ioana Băncilă, and Marilena Onete. "Soil Fauna-Indicators of Ungrazed Versus Grazed Grassland Ecosystems in Romania." Diversity 17, no. 5 (2025): 323. https://doi.org/10.3390/d17050323.

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In order to establish the influence of grazing regime on soil fauna communities, a complex study was conducted on eight mountain grasslands in Romania. The grassland sites were grouped by management regime: ungrazed or intensely grazed by sheep. Eight environmental factors were measured, both abiotic (soil acidity, soil resistance at penetration, soil and air humidity, soil and air temperature, and soil electrical conductivity) and biotic (vegetation coverage). There was significant variability in the average values of these factors at the microhabitat level (between all grasslands investigated). Analysis of eighty soil samples allowed for the identification of sixteen soil fauna taxa, which constituted the database for statistical processing. The community status of these soil invertebrate faunas was mainly evaluated using three parameters: numerical abundance, taxa richness, and Shannon–Wiener index of diversity. Collembola and Oribatida were the most dominant taxa. The numerical abundance and taxa diversity recorded high values in ungrazed grasslands. Soil resistance at penetration, vegetation coverage, and soil pH influenced the numerical abundance of soil fauna communities significantly. Grassland management influenced the composition of soil invertebrates in both regimes, with Chilopoda, Staphylinidae, Diplopoda, and Enchytraeidae clearly preferring ungrazed ecosystems, whilst Mesostigmata was much commoner in grazed sites. The study revealed that correlations between the species composition of soil communities and environmental parameters under differing management regimes (ungrazed vs. grazed), demonstrated that these invertebrates can be used as bioindicators in such terrestrial ecosystems.

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Likhitrakarn, Natdanai, Sergei I. Golovatch, and Sopark Jantarit. "Two new species of the millipede genus Glyphiulus Gervais, 1847 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Cambalopsidae) from caves in northern Thailand." ZooKeys 1056 (August 20, 2021): 173–89. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1056.71395.

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Two new species of the genus Glyphiulus Gervais, 1847 are described and illustrated. The first species, G. longus sp. nov., is the second species of the javanicus-group to be found in Thailand. It resembles G. guangnanensis Jiang, Guo, Chen & Xie, 2018, from southern China, but is distinguished by a smaller size and the carinotaxic formula of the collum, combined with ♂ legs 1 bearing very strongly reduced telopodites, the anterior gonopods showing a pair of very long and slender apicomesal processes, and the denser plumose and stout flagella of the posterior gonopods. The second species, G. promdami sp. nov., the fifth member of the granulatus-group in Thailand, seems to be particularly similar to G. subbedosae Likhitrakarn, Golovatch & Panha, 2017, from Laos. However, it can be distinguished from the latter species mainly by showing a uniformly yellow collum and the posterior gonopod coxite bearing several strong setae in median and lateral views, coupled with the anterior gonopod coxosternum being microsetose in the anterior and medial parts in caudal view. An identification key to, and a distribution map of, all seven Glyphiulus species currently known to occur in Thailand are also provided.

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Mikhaljova, Elena V. "New data on the fauna of China, part I: the taxonomy of the millipede family Julidae (Diplopoda)." Zootaxa 4729, no. 1 (2020): 47–66. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4729.1.3.

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Gilgado, José D. "Hidden in plain sight: six millipede species (Myriapoda: Diplopoda) new for the fauna of Switzerland." Revue suisse de Zoologie 127, no. 2 (2020): 249–59. https://doi.org/10.35929/RSZ.0019.

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Mikhaljova, Elena V. "Contributions to the millipede fauna of China: five new species of the genus Nepalella Shear, 1979 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Megalotylidae)." Zootaxa 5196, no. 3 (2022): 388–406. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5196.3.4.

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Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2022): Contributions to the millipede fauna of China: five new species of the genus Nepalella Shear, 1979 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Megalotylidae). Zootaxa 5196 (3): 388-406, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.3.4

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Akkari, Nesrine, and Henrik Enghoff. "Rharodesmus Schubart, 1960 — a tropical element in the North African fauna: a new species from Tunisia and notes on the family Pyrgodesmidae (Diplopoda: Polydesmida)." Zootaxa 2985 (December 31, 2011): 55–63. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.202201.

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Akkari, Nesrine, Enghoff, Henrik (2011): Rharodesmus Schubart, 1960 — a tropical element in the North African fauna: a new species from Tunisia and notes on the family Pyrgodesmidae (Diplopoda: Polydesmida). Zootaxa 2985: 55-63, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202201

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HOFFMAN, RICHARD L. "Rondostreptus, a new spirostreptid genus from southeastern Tanzania (Diplopoda: Spirostreptidae)." Zootaxa 2779, no. 1 (2011): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2779.1.3.

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The name Rondostreptus kiellandi is proposed for an undescribed genus and species of Spirostreptidae apparently endemic to the Rondo Plateau in southeastern Tanzania. It appears to have no close relatives among the known spirostreptid fauna of East Africa.

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GIURGINCA, ANDREI. "Trachelipus razzauti (Arcangeli, 1913) (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) and Typhloiulus serborum Ćurčić & Makarov, 2005 (Myriapoda: Diplopoda) – new species for the Romanian fauna." Travaux de l`Institut de Spéologie "Émile Racovitza" 2024, no. 63 (2024): 109–18. https://doi.org/10.59277/tiser.2024.06.

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A new species of Oniscidea, Trachelipus razzauti and a new species and Diplopoda, Typhloiulus serborum, are recorded for the first time for the Romanian fauna. Both species have been “discovered” in the collection of the “Emile Racovitza” Institute of Speleology.

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Mikhaljova, Elena V., Sergei I. Golovatch, and Hsueh-Wen Chang. "The millipede family Niponiosomatidae new to the fauna of Taiwan, with descriptions of a new genus and two new species (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida)." Zootaxa 2980 (December 31, 2011): 49–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.278310.

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Mikhaljova, Elena V., Golovatch, Sergei I., Chang, Hsueh-Wen (2011): The millipede family Niponiosomatidae new to the fauna of Taiwan, with descriptions of a new genus and two new species (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida). Zootaxa 2980: 49-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278310

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Mikhaljova, Elena V. "New data on the fauna of China, part II: the millipede genus Nepalmatoiulus Mauriès, 1983 (Diplopoda, Julidae) in continental China and Taiwan, with descriptions of seven new species." Zootaxa 4852, no. 1 (2020): 101–24. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4852.1.5.

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Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2020): New data on the fauna of China, part II: the millipede genus Nepalmatoiulus Mauriès, 1983 (Diplopoda, Julidae) in continental China and Taiwan, with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 4852 (1): 101-124, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4852.1.5

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Chen, Chao-Chun, Sergei I. Golovatch, and Hseuh-Wen Chang. "The millipede tribe Nedyopodini, with special reference to the fauna of Taiwan (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae)." Journal of Natural History 39, no. 47 (2006): 3997–4030. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930600556112.

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Chen, Chao-Chun, Golovatch, Sergei I., Chang, Hseuh-Wen (2006): The millipede tribe Nedyopodini, with special reference to the fauna of Taiwan (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae). Journal of Natural History 39 (47): 3997-4030, DOI: 10.1080/00222930600556112, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930600556112

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Nguyen, Anh D., Manh-Ha Nguyen, Thu-Anh T. Nguyen, and Hong-Luong T. Phung. "Review of Dragon Millipedes (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) in the Fauna of Vietnam, with Descriptions of Three New Species." Zoological Studies 58, no. 14 (2019): 1–31. https://doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2019.58-14.

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Nguyen, Anh D., Nguyen, Manh-Ha, Nguyen, Thu-Anh T., Phung, Hong-Luong T. (2019): Review of Dragon Millipedes (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) in the Fauna of Vietnam, with Descriptions of Three New Species. Zoological Studies 58 (14): 1-31, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2019.58-14

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Mikhaljova, Elena V. "Review of the millipede genus Yasud aty l a Shear & Tsurusaki, 1995 new to the fauna of Russia, with description of new species from the Kurile Islands (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Conotylidae)." Zootaxa 3964, no. 3 (2015): 363–70. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3964.3.5.

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Mikhaljova, Elena V. (2015): Review of the millipede genus Yasud aty l a Shear & Tsurusaki, 1995 new to the fauna of Russia, with description of new species from the Kurile Islands (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Conotylidae). Zootaxa 3964 (3): 363-370, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3964.3.5

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Shelley, Rowland M., and Derek S. Sikes. "Centipedes and Millipeds (Arthropoda: Diplopoda, Chilopoda) from Saba Island, Lesser Antilles, and a Consolidation of Major References on the Myriapod Fauna of "Lesser" Caribbean Islands Rowland M. Shelley." Insecta Mundi 2012, no. 221 (2012): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10108462.

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Shelley, Rowland M., Sikes, Derek S. (2012): Centipedes and Millipeds (Arthropoda: Diplopoda, Chilopoda) from Saba Island, Lesser Antilles, and a Consolidation of Major References on the Myriapod Fauna of "Lesser" Caribbean Islands Rowland M. Shelley. Insecta Mundi 2012 (221): 1-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10108462

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Son, Le Xuan, Le Xuan Dac, Ngo Trung Dung, Dinh The Dung, Nguyen Duc Hung, and Nguyen Duc Anh. "The myriapod fauna (Chilopoda, Diplopoda) of the Truong Sa (Spratly) archipelago, Vietnam." Academia Journal of Biology 44, no. 4 (2022): 77–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2615-9023/17621.

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This paper provides the first data on myriapods in the Truong Sa archipelago (Vietnam). A total of 292 myriapod specimens identified 9 species in 7 genera, 6 families, 5 orders of two classes Chilopoda and Diplopoda were collected from 10 islands in the Spratly archipelago of Khanh Hoa province in Vietnam including Southwest Cay (Song Tu Tay), Sand Cay (Son Ca), Namyit island (Nam Yet), Grierson Reef (Sinh Ton Dong), Sin Cowe island (Sinh Ton), Pearson Reef (Phan Vinh), Central Reef (Truong Sa Dong), Spratly island (Truong Sa), West Reef (Da Tay), and Amboyna Cay (An Bang), , , during two surveys in October–November 2020 and May–June 2021. The class Chilopoda has 276 specimens of seven species, 6 genera, 5 families in three orders (Scolopendromorpha, Geophilomorpha, and Lithobiomorpha); The class Diplopoda has 16 specimens of 2 species, 2 genera, and 2 families in two orders (Polydesmida and Spirobolida). Among the recorded species, Rhysida longipes (Newport, 1845) were commonly recorded on all islands.

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Mikhaljova, E. V. "First record of the millipede order Polydesmida (Diplopoda) in the Kamchatka Peninsula." Far Eastern entomologist 469 (January 8, 2023): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.25221/fee.469.2.

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The millipede order Polydesmida Pocock, 1887, family Polydesmidae Leach, 1815, genus Polydesmus Latreille, 1802-1803 and Polydesmus denticulatus C. L. Koch, 1847 are new to the fauna of the Kamchatka Peninsula.

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