Academic literature on the topic 'Diplotomma'

AbstractITS rDNA sequence data shows that Diploicia and Diplotomma species form a monophyletic clade distinct from other Buellia species. This indicates that Diplotomma merits acceptance as a genus, and suggests that Diploicia should be treated as a synonym of Diplotomma, the earlier name. The data also shows Diploicia subcanescens, considered the fertile counterpart in a species pair with D. canescens, is nested within D. canescens and should be treated as a synonym despite reported chemical differences. In addition, the molecular data support the distinctness of Diplotomma rivas-martinezii, a species restricted to gypsum rocks in Spain, from the widespread D. venustum, which grows on calcareous rocks. Aposymbiotic cultures suggest that D. rivas-martinezii also differs from D. venustum in its germination and isolation success rates. One new combination is made: Diplotomnta pulverulenta (Anzi) D. Hawksw. (syn. Abrothallus pulverulentus Anzi) for the lichenicolous species previously known as Buellia pulverulenta.

Abstract:A new species, Lecania belgica, is described and illustrated. It is a saxicolous lichen known only from the type locality in Belgium. It is characterized by apothecia with pruinose, irregularly undulating discs, relatively short ascospores, and by having 12–16 spores in the asci. It was found on mortar together with Diplotomma alboatrum.

49 lichen species and 2 species of non-lichenized saprotrophic fungi are recorded for the first time in beech forests of the south-eastern part of piedmont Dagestan. Among them, 34 species and 9 genera are new to Dagestan Republic, and 2 species, Diplotomma pharcidium (Ach.) M. Choisy and Rinodina albana (A. Massal.) A. Massal., are new to Caucasus Mountains.

Tetramelas phaeophysciae, a new obligately lichenicolous species occurring in Scandinavia, Iceland and Greenland, is described, and the closely related Buellia pulverulenta, together with B. triphragmioides, are transferred to Tetramelas. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on sequence data from nITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA, using Bayesian inference and parsimony analyses, support the segregation of the new species from B. pulverulenta as well as the segregation of Tetramelas and Diplotomma from Buellia s. str.

A lichen checklist for Maly Island (Leningrad Region, Russia) comprises 160 species, including 150 lichens, 9 lichenicolous fungi and 1 non-lichenized saprobic fungus. Lecidella effugiens is new to North-Western European Russia, Diplotomma pharcidium and Taeniolella delicata are new to the Leningrad Region. The lichen biota of Maly Island is relatively poor due to natural and anthropogenic factors: the island is small, sandy, lacking rocky outcrops, with low diversity of plant communities; all its forests are disturbed and young. The most valuable habitats for lichens on Maly Island are seashore communities and open pine stands on sand.

AbstractIn this study, types of species in the genus Buellia described by J. Steiner are reviewed. Previously ignored holotypes of B. alboatra var. epipolioides, B. caesioatra, B. leptina, B. procellarum var. continuior, B. skutariensis f. compacta and B. skottsbergii are identified, lectotypes and isolectotypes of B. gotlandica, B. saxorum var. flavescens, B. skutariensis, B. skutariensis f. geographica and B. subtumida are designated, and the presumed holotypes of B. incrustans, B. sardiniensis, B. tergestina, B. trifracta and Diplotomma epipolium var. reagens are corrected to lectotypes. Further, the typification of B. stillingiana is reassessed. Amandinea skottsbergii (J. Steiner & Zahlbr.) Şenkard. and B. flavescens (J. Steiner) Şenkard. are proposed as new combinations. It is argued that the varieties Buellia alboatra var. epipolioides, B. procellarum var. continuior, B. subdisciformis f. compacta (=B. skutariensis f. compacta) and B. subdisciformis f. geographica (=B. skutariensis f. geographica) should no longer be recognized but regarded as synonyms of these species. Buellia leptina is regarded as a synonym of Diploicia subcanescens and B. subtumida is reduced to being a synonym of B. dispersa. Finally, new locations are provided for B. flavescens from Italy and B. sardiniensis from France.

AbstractThirteen species of Chloropidae are recorded from the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. Seven new species are described: Diplotoxa loma sp. n. (subfamily Chloropinae); Conioscinella empheria sp. n.; Gaurax gethosyne sp. n.; Hippelates alyscus sp. n.; Liohippelates baptipalpis sp. n.; Olcella anaclasta sp. n.; Olcella lupina sp. n. (subfamily Oscinellinae). Another species in the genus Apallates is apparently undescribed, but there is insufficient information to justify a formal description. Monochaetoscinella anonyma is recorded for the first time from the archipelago. Four species previously recorded from the archipelago were also identified: Cadrema pallida; Conioscinella galapagensis; Elachiptera cultrata; Liohippelates galapagensis. Previously published Galápagos records of Liohippelates pusio apparently refer to L. galapagensis. A key to the Galápagos species of Chloropidae is given. Geographic affinities of the Galápagos chloropid fauna are similar to those of other Diptera from the archipelago, with few pantropical species, some species also found in the northern Neotropical and southern Nearctic regions, and endemic species apparently with Neotropical sister groups.

AbstractA commented list of 19 particularly interesting and noteworthy lichen species collected recently in the Giant Mts (Karkonosze, Krkonoše) is given. Most of them were found on the basalt outcrop in the western wall of the Mały Śnieżny Kocioł cirque (germ. Kleine Schneegrube), which is the most valuable and most conserved area in this mountain range. Two species are new to Poland: Lecanora gangaleoides and Lecidea praenubila. Umbilicaria cinereorufescens is reported for the first time from the Sudety Mts as a whole. Three species are new for the Giant Mts: Buellia ocellata, Diplotomma lutosum and Fuscidea praeruptorum. Eight species: Aspicilia microlepis, Belonia russula, Caloplaca crenularia, C. nivalis, Gyalecta biformis, Koerberiella wimmeriana, Miriquidica complanata and Polyblastia cruenta were re-discovered after over 100 years on the historical locality in the Mały Śnieżny Kocioł cirque.

Chionochloa, a genus of snow tussock grasses native to New Zealand, exhibits pronounced mast seeding. Chionochloa suffers very high levels of pre-dispersal flower and seed predation by three main insects: Eucalyptodiplosis chionochloae, a cecidomyiid midge, which is formally described here; Megacraspedus calamogonus, a gelechiid moth and Diplotoxa similis, a chloropid fly. Seven species of parasitoids that attack these seed predators were discovered. Four species parasitize M. calamogonus (one tachinid fly and three hymenopteran wasps), one parasitizes D. similis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and two parasitize E. chionochloae, (a pteromalid wasp Gastrancistrus sp. and a platygastrid wasp Zelostemma chionochloae, which is given a formal description here). The abundance, predation levels by each of the insect species, and interactions between all the organisms in the community were studied across three elevations at Mount Hutt over three summer seasons. M. calamogonus was most abundant at 450 m altitude during all three seasons. D. similis was most common at 1070 m altitude, while its predation levels peaked in low flowering seasons and decreased in high seasons. E. chionochloae was abundant in all three altitudes and increased its predation levels with increasing flowering intensity. E. chionochloae was confirmed to use prolonged diapause of at least three years. Prolonged diapause was also confirmed in its two parasitoids. Chionochloa plants were manipulated with various treatments to test the effect on diapause in E. chionochloae and its two parasitoids. Treatments included plant warming, root pruning, gibberellic acid sprayed on the plants and combinations of these treatments. All three insects changed their emergence in response to some treatments and therefore it was suggested that combined with risk-spreading diapause, they may use some predicting to emerge from prolonged diapause. E. chionochloae control their diapause following some of the cues that Chionochloa use for flowering, while Z. chionochloae and Gastrancistrus in some cases follow their host’s cues and in others use similar cues as Chionochloa plants. Emergence or diapause predictions differed across elevations and plant species in all three insect seed/flower predators. E. chionochloae had female-biased sex ratios in different populations even after prolonged diapause. There was week evidence that both parasitoid species are female-biased in the first emergence year and male-biased after more than one year in diapause. Therefore it was suggested that diapause is not more costly for females of E. chionochloae and its parasitoid than for males. Females of all three species were not found to be better predictors (i.e, more likely to respond to treatments by not entering extended diapause) than males. The complex interactions of all the organisms in this web are thought to be sensitive to climate, and it was suggested that the global climate change may alter this sensitive system.