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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Direct and indirect mechanisms

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Academic literature on the topic 'Direct and indirect mechanisms'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Direct and indirect mechanisms"

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Rosenfeld, Michael E. "Inflammation and atherosclerosis: direct versus indirect mechanisms." Current Opinion in Pharmacology 13, no. 2 (2013): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2013.01.003.

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Pawlos, Agnieszka, Mateusz Niedzielski, Paulina Gorzelak-Pabiś, Marlena Broncel, and Ewelina Woźniak. "COVID-19: Direct and Indirect Mechanisms of Statins." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 8 (2021): 4177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22084177.

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The virus responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): a new virus with high infectivity and moderate mortality. The major clinical manifestation of COVID-19 is interstitial pneumonia, which may progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the disease causes a potent systemic hyperin-flammatory response, i.e., a cytokine storm or macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), which is associated with thrombotic complications. The complexity of the disease requires appropriate intensive treatment. One of promising trea

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Tzani, Marina A., Dimitra K. Gioftsidou, Michael G. Kallitsakis, et al. "Direct and Indirect Chemiluminescence: Reactions, Mechanisms and Challenges." Molecules 26, no. 24 (2021): 7664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26247664.

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Emission of light by matter can occur through a variety of mechanisms. When it results from an electronically excited state of a species produced by a chemical reaction, it is called chemiluminescence (CL). The phenomenon can take place both in natural and artificial chemical systems and it has been utilized in a variety of applications. In this review, we aim to revisit some of the latest CL applications based on direct and indirect production modes. The characteristics of the chemical reactions and the underpinning CL mechanisms are thoroughly discussed in view of studies from the very recen

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Sarai, A., M. M. Gromiha, P. Prabakaran, S. Selvaraj, J. G. Siebers, and H. Kono. "Direct and indirect mechanisms in protein-DNA recognition." Seibutsu Butsuri 41, supplement (2001): S184. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.41.s184_1.

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Mackowiak, Bryan, and Hongbing Wang. "Mechanisms of xenobiotic receptor activation: Direct vs. indirect." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms 1859, no. 9 (2016): 1130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.02.006.

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Kravitz, Alexxai V., and Anatol C. Kreitzer. "Striatal Mechanisms Underlying Movement, Reinforcement, and Punishment." Physiology 27, no. 3 (2012): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00004.2012.

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Direct and indirect pathway striatal neurons are known to exert opposing control over motor output. In this review, we discuss a hypothetical extension of this framework, in which direct pathway striatal neurons also mediate reinforcement and reward, and indirect pathway neurons mediate punishment and aversion.

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Munneke, Jaap, Artem Belopolsky, and Jan Theeuwes. "Direct and Indirect Mechanisms of Value-Driven Attentional Guidance." Journal of Vision 16, no. 12 (2016): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/16.12.82.

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Nikolic-Paterson, David J., Shuang Wang, and Hui Yao Lan. "Macrophages promote renal fibrosis through direct and indirect mechanisms." Kidney International Supplements 4, no. 1 (2014): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/kisup.2014.7.

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Roncin, P., M. Barat, M. N. Gaboriaud, Z. S. Szilagyi, and A. K. Kazansky. "Direct and indirect stabilisation mechanisms in multiple electron capture." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 98, no. 1-4 (1995): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(95)00125-5.

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Capon, C. J., M. Brown, and R. R. Boyce. "Direct and indirect charged aerodynamic mechanisms in the ionosphere." Advances in Space Research 62, no. 5 (2018): 1090–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2018.06.007.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Direct and indirect mechanisms"

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Jones, John David. "The role of direct and indirect dynamical mechanisms in reactions at surfaces." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259624.

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Bollu, Vamsi, Andrew G. Bushmakin, Joseph C. Cappelleri, Chwen-Cheng Chen, Douglas Feltner, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "Pregabalin reduces sleep disturbance in patients with generalized anxiety disorder via both direct and indirect mechanisms." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-99859.

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Background and Objectives: To characterize the impact of pregabalin on sleep in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and to determine whether the impact is a direct or an indirect effect, mediated through the reduction of anxiety symptoms. Methods: A post-hoc analysis of data from a randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled study in patients with GAD was conducted. Patients received pregabalin 300 mg/day, venlafaxine XR 75 mg/day or placebo for a week, followed by pregabalin 300-600 mg/day, venlafaxine XR 75-225 mg/day, or placebo for 7 weeks. Treatment effect on sle

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Bollu, Vamsi, Andrew G. Bushmakin, Joseph C. Cappelleri, Chwen-Cheng Chen, Douglas Feltner, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "Pregabalin reduces sleep disturbance in patients with generalized anxiety disorder via both direct and indirect mechanisms." Universidad de Zaragoza, 2010. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26262.

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Background and Objectives: To characterize the impact of pregabalin on sleep in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and to determine whether the impact is a direct or an indirect effect, mediated through the reduction of anxiety symptoms. Methods: A post-hoc analysis of data from a randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled study in patients with GAD was conducted. Patients received pregabalin 300 mg/day, venlafaxine XR 75 mg/day or placebo for a week, followed by pregabalin 300-600 mg/day, venlafaxine XR 75-225 mg/day, or placebo for 7 weeks. Treatment effect on sle

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Wincent, Emma. "Direct and indirect mechanisms for aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation mediated by 6-formylindolo [3,2-b] carbazole /." Stockholm : Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Toxicology, Stockholm University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-29266.

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Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2009.<br>Härtill 4 uppsatser. At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: In progress.

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Shay, Gemma. "The anti-tumour effect of bisphosphonates : a direct or indirect mechanism?" Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=186676.

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Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs) are the standard treatment in cancerassociated bone disease due to their ability to inhibit osteoclast-mediated resorption. However, beyond their anti-resorpitive activity there is increasing evidence from preclinical studies to demonstrate that N-BPs can also have an anti-tumour effect, although the mechanism is still unclear. In vitro studies suggest that anti-tumour effects may be due to direct effects on tumour cells (by inhibiting protein prenylation) or via indirect effects on other cell types. The studies described in this thesis sought to ans

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Emmerich, Maren [Verfasser], and Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Kappler. "Evaluation of Direct and Indirect Mechanisms of Microbial Influence on Natural Organohalogen Formation / Maren Emmerich ; Betreuer: Andreas Kappler." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/116269985X/34.

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Podhaizer, Elizabeth. "A direct and indirect mechanism for CCR5 in morphine and HIV-1 mediated neurodegeneration." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3402.

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A DIRECT AND INDIRECT MECHANISM FOR CCR5 IN OPIOID AND HIV-1 MEDIATED NEURODEGENERATION By Elizabeth M. Podhaizer, Ph.D. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2014 Major Director: Kurt F. Hauser, Ph.D., Professor of Pharmacology & Toxicology Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection currently affects over 34 million people worldwide, and despite the use of cART, the prevalence of HIV-1 associated neurocognitive impairments (HAND) has not declined. A

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Hodges, Carolyn Randolph. "Predicting Aggression using Domains of Self-Esteem: Direct and Indirect Aggression in Males and Females as a Function of Domain-Specific Self-Esteem." W&M ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626503.

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Endriss, Cornelia, and Stefan Hinterwimmer. "Direct and indirect aboutness topics." Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1964/.

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We propose a definition of aboutness topicality that not only encompasses individual denoting DPs, but also indefinites. We concentrate on the interpretative effects of marking indefinites as topics: they either receive widest scope in their clause, or they are interpreted in the restrictor of an overt or covert Q-adverb. We show that in the first case they are direct aboutness topics insofar as they are the subject of a predication expressed by the comment, while in the second case they are indirect aboutness topics: they define the subject of a higher-order predication – namely the set of si

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Falk, Johan. "Direct and Indirect Real Estate in a Mixed-asset Portfolio : Is direct or indirect preferable." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102185.

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Studies carried out during the 2000’s have shown that securitized real estate has outperformed the direct real estate market with as much as up to 500 basis points on an annual basis during the 80’s and 90’s. Allocation to real estate among institutional investors has at the same time been at around 5%. Research conducted in the area during this period has suggested an allocation to real estate around 10% - 20% in a mixed-asset portfolio, depending on the specifics of the real estate. Securitized and direct real estate come with different benefits and different problems, such as a better infla

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Books on the topic "Direct and indirect mechanisms"

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Coulmas, Florian, ed. Direct and Indirect Speech. DE GRUYTER MOUTON, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110871968.

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Florian, Coulmas, ed. Direct and indirect speech. Mouton de Gruyter, 1986.

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1944-, Kerfoot W. Charles, and Sih Andrew, eds. Predation: Direct and indirect impactson aquatic communities. University Press of New England, 1987.

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1944-, Kerfoot W. Charles, and Sih Andrew, eds. Predation: Direct and indirect impacts on aquatic communities. University Press of New England, 1987.

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Madden, David. How does unemployment affect direct and indirect tax reform? University College Dublin, Department of Economics, 1994.

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Pichler, Pegaret. Primary market design: Direct mechanisms and markets. Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, 2004.

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Evans, R. W. Test report-direct and indirect lightning effects on composite materials. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, 1997.

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Hongyan, Wang. Measuring the distributional impact of direct and indirect housing assistance. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2004.

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Bernard, Andrew B. Intermediaries in international trade: Direct versus indirect modes of export. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2011.

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George C. Marshall Space Flight Center. and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Test report--direct and indirect lightning effects on composite materials. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Direct and indirect mechanisms"

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Kairesalo, Timo, Sirpa Laine, Eira Luokkanen, Tommi Malinen, and Juha Keto. "Direct and indirect mechanisms behind successful biomanipulation." In The Ecological Bases for Lake and Reservoir Management. Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3282-6_9.

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Tiku, Anupama Razdan. "Direct and Indirect Defence Against Insects." In Plant-Pest Interactions: From Molecular Mechanisms to Chemical Ecology. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2467-7_8.

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Michoud, Bruno, and Manfred Hafner. "Direct and Indirect Investments in the Energy Sector." In Financing Clean Energy Access in Sub-Saharan Africa. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75829-5_5.

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AbstractThis chapter focuses on financial investments, coming either from public or private asset managers and institutions. It has two main targeted readers (without any exclusion): (i) public and private capital providers, with the objective of presenting traditional and alternative financial instruments and schemes capable to align risk-return profiles of several investment opportunities in the clean energy sector, (ii) project developers, in order to increase awareness of the financial mechanisms available in the market.

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Brad, Stelian, Vlad Florian, Eyas Deeb, et al. "Evaluating Precision and Repeatability of Industrial Robots Using Direct and Indirect Measurement Approaches." In Mechanisms and Machine Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-87537-3_18.

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Nowicki, Robert J., James W. Fourqurean, and Michael R. Heithaus. "The Role of Consumers in Structuring Seagrass Communities: Direct and Indirect Mechanisms." In Seagrasses of Australia. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71354-0_16.

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Bassenge, Eberhard, and Ulrich Pohl. "Two Principles of Large Artery Dilation: Indirect Endothelium-Mediated and Direct Smooth Muscle Relaxation." In Central and Peripheral Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Regulation. Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9471-0_7.

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Frohlinde, Dietrich Schulte. "Comparison of Mechanisms for DNA Strand Break Formation by the Direct and Indirect effect of Radiation." In Mechanisms of DNA Damage and Repair. Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9462-8_3.

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Zaman, M., K. Kleineidam, L. Bakken, et al. "Methane Production in Ruminant Animals." In Measuring Emission of Agricultural Greenhouse Gases and Developing Mitigation Options using Nuclear and Related Techniques. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55396-8_6.

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AbstractAgriculture is a significant source of GHGsglobally and ruminant livestock animals are one of the largest contributors to these emissions, responsible for an estimated 14% of GHGs (CH4and N2O combined) worldwide. A large portion of GHG fluxes from agricultural activities is related to CH4 emissions from ruminants. Both direct and indirect methods are available. Direct methods include enclosure techniques, artificial (e.g. SF6) or natural (e.g. CO2) tracer techniques, and micrometeorological methods using open-path lasers. Under the indirect methods, emission mechanisms are understood,

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Sirtori, S., and S. Miccoli. "Energy Formulation of the Direct and Indirect BEM approaches in elastostatics." In Computational Mechanics ’95. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79654-8_443.

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Cavieres, Lohengrin A. "The role of plant-plant facilitation in non-native plant invasions." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions. CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0138.

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Abstract Biological invasions are one the most important drivers of the current environmental changes generating important biodiversity losses. Although several hypotheses have been proposed to understand the mechanisms underpinning biological invasions, most of them relate to negative interactions among native and invasive species, where the capacity for many invasive species to reduce diversity is often attributed to a greater competitiveness. However, neighbouring species can also show facilitative interactions, where the presence of one species can facilitate another directly by improving

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Conference papers on the topic "Direct and indirect mechanisms"

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Ajinde, Ayotunde O., Olufemi G. Dayo-Olagbende, and Oghenerobor B. Akpor. "Direct and Indirect Mechanisms of Growth Promotion by Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria." In 2024 International Conference on Science, Engineering and Business for Driving Sustainable Development Goals (SEB4SDG). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/seb4sdg60871.2024.10630032.

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Eckert, Richard B., Bruce Cookingham, and Lynsay Bensman. "Optimizing Internal Corrosion Monitoring and Response through Integration of Direct and Indirect Data." In CORROSION 2006. NACE International, 2006. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2006-06307.

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Abstract Pipeline operators must choose from a wide variety of corrosion evaluation and monitoring tools to examine potential corrosivity, corrosion mechanisms, and mitigation effectiveness of their systems. Additionally, indirect data that supports the understanding of corrosion (e.g., gas or liquid composition, microbiology, operating conditions, etc.) can be integrated with direct evidence of corrosion to help operators optimize their response to the findings. A methodical approach has been developed and employed for several pipeline operators whereby large volumes of data from many sources

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Segall, S. M., D. Fingas, R. A. Gummow, and John Shore. "Improving the Quality of ECDA Indirect Inspection Data." In CORROSION 2017. NACE International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2017-09038.

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Abstract The quality of the indirect inspection data is a critical factor in conducting a successful ECDA. It is therefore essential to increase the accuracy of the field data collection, to improve the data processing and to effectively present the results. This paper describes several challenges faced during this continuous improvement process. Techniques for obtaining accurate field data for assessing the risk of AC corrosion are reviewed. Data processing considerations are presented in the context of a case of third-party damage. The implications for similar DCVG indications on the same li

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Moghissi, Oliver, Wei Sun, Concepcion Mendez, José Vera, and Trevor Place. "Internal Corrosion Direct Assessment Methodology for Liquid Petroleum Pipelines." In CORROSION 2007. NACE International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2007-07169.

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Abstract A proposed method for Liquid Petroleum Pipeline Internal Corrosion Direct Assessment (LP-ICDA) has been developed that is consistent with the general principles of other Direct Assessment (DA) methods. The scope of LP-ICDA complements those of dry gas ICDA (DG-ICDA) and wet gas ICDA (WG-ICDA). LP-ICDA (as with other DA methods) is intended to serve as an integrity verification tool, playing the same role within pipeline integrity management as in-line inspection (ILI) and hydrotesting (either as a replacement or as a complement). The method relies on 1) identifying a mechanism for cor

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(Randy) Nixon, Robert A. "Conducting Precast Concrete Cylinder Pipe Condition Assessment by Matching Corrosion Damage Mechanisms to Diagnostic Methods." In CONFERENCE 2022. AMPP, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2022-18234.

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Abstract Precast concrete cylinder pipe (PCCP) has been widely used successfully for both water transmission and wastewater force mains for many decades. In the case of water conveyance, the majority of failures occur due to soil side deterioration. This includes chloride intrusion and low pH soils and ground water promoting corrosion of the prestressed wires. High sulfate bearing ground waters can also cause expansive degradation of the cement mortar coating exposing the prestressed wires to corrosive conditions. Internal corrosion rarely results in PCCP failure in potable water conveyance. I

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Jaragh, Amer, Shabbir Safri, Patrick J. Teevens, Miles Huynh, Tijan Pinnock, and Ashish Khera. "Successful Application of MP-ICDA to Assess and Forecast Crude Oil Pipelines in Kuwait Using ILI." In CORROSION 2021. AMPP, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2021-16271.

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Abstract The paper addresses the application of the NACE International Standard Practice SP0116-2016 for Multiphase Flow – Internal Corrosion Direct Assessment (MP-ICDA), used in-part for the determination of the internal corrosion rate and root-causes for two-30 inch diameter (762 mm) crude oil pipelines (CR180 and CR181) operating in the State of Kuwait. The two pipeline systems went through operational changes such as the introduction of sour, heavy crude oil from ongoing field development. The fluids in the subject pipelines were previously confirmed to be highly corrosive (as many corrosi

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Zamanzadeh, Mehrooz, Edward Larkin, Peyman Taheri, et al. "Water Main Breaks - High Time to Learn from Mistakes and Avoid Further Breaks." In CORROSION 2021. AMPP, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2021-16837.

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Abstract Water main failures are very expensive for municipalities because they typically result in expenses associated with repair costs, flood damage, and loss of revenue to affected businesses. Water main failures also interrupt the operation of vital services, such as medical care and fire-fighting operations. Currently, millions of dollars are spent annually by the water utility industry and by municipalities on the repair of failed components of the water distribution infrastructure, such as components that are made from gray cast iron or "gray iron” pipe and ductile cast iron or "ductil

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Tsaknis, Panagiotis A., Panagiota I. Xanthopoulou, Christina D. Patitsa, and Alexandros G. Sahinidis. "Career adaptability as a mediating factor for personality towards entrepreneurial intention." In Corporate governance: Participants, mechanisms and performance. Virtus Interpress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgpmpp13.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the direct effect of the HEXACO personality traits on entrepreneurial intention and career adaptability, the indirect effect of personality traits on entrepreneurial intention through career adaptability and the direct effect of career adaptability on entrepreneurial intention.

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Archbold, Thomas, Bart de Keijzer, and Carmine Ventre. "Non-Obvious Manipulability in Extensive-Form Mechanisms: The Revelation Principle for Single-Parameter Agents." In Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-23}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/278.

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Recent work in algorithmic mechanism design focuses on designing mechanisms for agents with bounded rationality, modifying the constraints that must be satisfied in order to achieve incentive compatibility. Starting with Li's strengthening of strategyproofness, obvious strategyproofness (OSP) requires truthtelling to be "obvious" over dishonesty, roughly meaning that the worst outcome from truthful actions must be no worse than the best outcome for dishonest ones. A celebrated result for dominant-strategy incentive-compatible mechanisms that allows us to restrict attention to direct mechanisms

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Meynadier, M. H. "Γ-X Mixing in GaAs/AlAs Superlattices". У Quantum Wells for Optics and Opto-Electronics. Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/qwoe.1989.tud1.

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There is a growing interest towards understanding the effect of two-dimensional confinement on the symmetry properties of the Bloch wavefunctions of carriers in superlattices (SLs) and quantum wells (QWs). In particular, recent theoretical studies have evaluated the possibilities of obtaining direct or "pseudo-direct" Si/Ge superlattices although both constituents are indirect, through the combined effects of strain and superperiodicity [1]. Useful insights in this still scarsely documented field can be obtained from the more conventional GaAs/AlAs system, in which one of the constituents is d

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Reports on the topic "Direct and indirect mechanisms"

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Lee-Gammage, Samuel. What is land use and land use change? Edited by Tara Garnett. Food Climate Research Network, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.56661/4af265b4.

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Human use and alteration of land has profound effects on the environment, both locally where it takes place, and at the planetary scale via climate change and other mechanisms. This building block explains what is meant by land use and land use change, both direct and indirect.

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Moghissi. PR-186-04305-R01 Liquid Petroleum - Internal Corrosion Direct Assessment. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010709.

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LP-ICDA is intended to serve as an integrity verification tool, playing the same role within pipeline integrity management as in-line inspection (ILI) and hydrotesting (either as a replacement or as a complement). The method relies on: Identifying a mechanism for corrosion susceptibility; Detecting a property associated with this mechanism through an indirect measurement; Performing a direct observation of the pipe (e.g., by excavation); and Correcting for any discrepancies between the predictions and observations.

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Chandra, Shailesh, Mehran Rahmani, Timothy Thai, Vivek Mishra, and Jacqueline Camacho. Evaluating Financing Mechanisms and Economic Benefits to Fund Grade Separation Projects. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1926.

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Investment in transportation infrastructure projects generates benefits, both direct and indirect. While emissions reductions, crash reductions, and travel time savings are prominent direct benefits, there are indirect benefits in the form of real estate enhancements that could pay off debt or loan incurred in the improvement of the infrastructure itself. Studies have shown that improvements associated with rail transportation (such as station upgrades) trigger an increase in the surrounding real estate values, increasing both the opportunity for monetary gains and, ultimately, property tax co

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Herman, Eliot D., Gad Galili, and Alan Bennett. Recognition and Disposal of Misfolded Seed Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568791.bard.

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This project was directed at determining mechanisms involved in storage of intrinsic and foreign storage proteins in seeds. Seeds constitute the majority of direct and indirect food. Understanding how seeds store proteins is important to design approaches to improve the quality of seed proteins through biotechnology. In the Israeli part of this project we have conducted investigations to elucidate the mechanisms involved in assembling wheat storage proteins into ER-derived protein bodies. The results obtained have shown how domains of storage protein molecules are critical in the assembly of p

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Andrian, Leandro Gaston, and Marcelo P. Oviedo. Terms of Trade and Fiscal Sustainability when the Sovereign Exploits a Natural Resource. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011511.

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When it comes to assess the sustainability of fiscal policy and public debt in Andean countries, two idiosyncratic facts of fiscal revenues have to be considered. First, fiscal revenues coming from natural resources represent up to 44% of total fiscal revenues, producing a strong correlation between terms of trade and the overall fiscal balance, ranging from 0.79 in Ecuador to 0.90 in Peru. Second, in most of Andean countries, it is the sovereign who exploits the natural resource by its own and who extends transfers to the private sector according to the results of that exploitation. Under the

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Smirnyagin, Vladimir, Aleh Tsyvinski, and Xi Wu. Direct and Indirect Taxes in Pollution Dynamics. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w32852.

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Pearl, Judea. Interpretable Conditions for Identifying Direct and Indirect Effects. Defense Technical Information Center, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada564093.

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Queiroz, Farinaldo. Direct and Indirect Dark Matter Detection in Gauge Theories. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1248364.

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Reich, Gloria. Direct and Indirect Costs of Tinnitus: Factors for Decisionmaking. Portland State University Library, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1168.

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Gilraine, Michael, Hugh Macartney, and Robert McMillan. Estimating the Direct and Indirect Effects of Major Education Reforms. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24191.

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