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Journal articles on the topic 'Direct and indirect references'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Rychter, Joanna. "„Boże… / czemu nas opuściłeś” – odwołania religijne w tomiku Z ziemi do nieba Władysława Grabana." Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza 25, no. 1 (2018): 167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pspsj.2018.25.1.10.

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The paper discusses religious references in poems from Z ziemi do nieba, a poetry book published by Władysław Graban in 2015. These references appear at a number of language levels: lexis, orthography, phraseology (including paraphrases of Bible verses). There are direct references to the Old Testament (lexemes, phraseological units of biblical origin) and indirect references to biblical motifs and themes.

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Utard, Régine. "The rhetoric of actio and affect in Tacitean indirect discourse." Rhetorica 22, no. 1 (2004): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2004.22.1.1.

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AbstractIndirect discourse presents problems in that it is speech that has been altered from the oral strategy that is deployed in direct discourse. Most particularly, references to actio seem to be irrelevant since indirect discourse is not a constituent of the context to which it refers. It appears, nevertheless, to be placed in context by references to words and gestures which are derived directly from actio. The gestures that reinforce speech arise from a veritable rhetoric of seduction, especially in respect of their theatricality, and vocal characteristics can be sensed even at the level

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Hui, Aika, Luke Sheridan Rains, Anita Todd, Annette Boaz, and Sonia Johnson. "The accuracy and accessibility of cited evidence: a study examining mental health policy documents." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 55, no. 1 (2019): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-019-01786-8.

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Abstract Purpose Evidence-based policy making is increasingly being advocated by governments and scholars. To show that policies are informed by evidence, policy-related documents that cite external sources should ideally provide direct access to, and accurately represent, the referenced source and the evidence it provides. Our aim was to find a way to systematically assess the prevalence of referencing accuracy and accessibility issues in referenced statements selected from a sample of mental health-related policy documents. Method 236 referenced statements were selected from 10 mental health

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Pastori, L., L. E. Pasinetti, and E. Antonello. "A Comparison of Direct and Indirect Methods of Determination of Stellar Angular Diameters." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 111 (1985): 459–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900079213.

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Several direct and indirect methods for the determination of stellar apparent diameters have been developed in the past; they are summarized in Table 1 by Fracassini, et al. (1981) with a code number and references. So far, no detailed comparison of the methods has been carried out, the main difficulty being the extremely small number of common stars. Nevertheless, from the stars listed in CADARS (Fracassini, et al. 1981), we have obtained some correlations in order to test the reliability of some methods and to define the regions of the HR diagram where they can be applied.

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Sanders, José. "Intertwined voices." English Text Construction 3, no. 2 (2010): 226–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/etc.3.2.06san.

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In this contribution, a mental space analysis model is presented to conceptualize and explain voice intertwining in journalistic texts. News text genres abound with clearly recognizable representations of source discourse, such as direct and indirect speech. In addition, blended representation types can be described, such as free indirect speech and implicit viewpoint, in which voices of journalist and source are less easy to discern. Comparison of various news texts concerned with a particular criminal case shows that news reports have a preference for direct or indirect speech and avoid the

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Mentari, Tarian, and Harris Hermansyah Setiajid. "THE TECHNIQUES IN THE ENGLISH DUBBING OF SURYANI’S INTERROGATIVE UTTERANCES IN PENYALIN CAHAYA." Prosiding Konferensi Linguistik Tahunan Atma Jaya (KOLITA) 21, no. 21 (2023): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.25170/kolita.21.4859.

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This study investigates the English dubbing techniques used in translating the interrogative utterances of the protagonist, Suryani, in the movie “Penyalin Cahaya”. The research focuses on analyzing the dubbing techniques used to convey the pragmatic functions and cultural references of Suryani’s interrogative utterances in the source language to the target language. The study employs a qualitative research design, utilizing library and explicatory analysis to analyze the data. The corpus of data was collected from the movie and the English dubbed version. The results reveal that the dubbing t

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LACARRA, María Jesus. "Referencias a Pedro Alfonso de Huesca en la literatura castellana de la Edad Media." Revista Española de Filosofía Medieval 10 (October 1, 2003): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/refime.v10i.9246.

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The references made to Pedro Alfonso de Huesca in medieval Castilian literature show an indirect knowledge, derived from the diffusion of the works of major French and Italian authors, such as Vicente de Beauvais, Guido de Colonna or Brunetto Latini. Only the authors of other apologetic texts, often themselves converts, seem to mention him through direct reading.

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Dolgina, A. E., and S. A. Makarova. "INDIVIDUALIZATION IN ACADEMIC DISCOURSE: TYPES OF DEFINITE REFERENCE (BASED ON ENGLISH LINGUISTIC LITERATURE)." Culture and Text, no. 50 (2022): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37386/2305-4077-2022-3-143-153.

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The article focuses on the functioning of the structure “definite article + noun” denoting the cognitive process of individualization in various types of definite reference. The study based on the three basic varieties of English linguistic literature including a grammar book, a collection of academic articles and a popular monograph aims to identify the discursive features of cataphoric, direct anaphoric and indirect anaphoric references and their role in providing a clear and unambiguous description. It has resulted in establishing the differences in the use of the definite references, their

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Regiewicz, Paweł. "Muzyczność w Innych ludziach Doroty Masłowskiej." Przegląd Kulturoznawczy, no. 3 (57) (October 2023): 356–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843860pk.23.025.18583.

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In this text I interpret the novel by the author of Wojna polsko-ruska pod flagą biało-czerwoną with special attention to the musicality present in it. Using the concept of Andrzej Hejmej, I analyze the stylistic tropes present in the novel (instrumentation, alliteration), musical references and transpositions of musical forms (aria, sonata, counaterpoint), considering what functions they perform in the novel. I pay special attention to indirect and direct references to hip-hop culture appearing in Maslowska’s book (e.g. rhythmic and rhyming narrative flow, onomatopoeias, vocal instrumentation

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Olivares Chávez, Carolina. "La presencia de Odiseo en la Anábasis de Jenofonte." Nova Tellus 39, no. 1 (2021): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.19130/iifl.nt.2021.39.1.27544.

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In this article we intend to trace Homeric references within Xenophon’s Anabasis, in order to prove the Historian constructs an Epic text in which he immortalizes his own exploits among Persians and compares himself with the hero Odysseus. I also consider other works of Xenophon as Banquet, Memorabilia and Apology, since there he describes the poems of Homer as an essential part of his own Greek culture in IV Century. Among the main sources I have consulted, ancient and modern, are Homer, Christos Tsagalis and Emerson Cerdas. And while Naoko Yamagata founds only one Homeric reference in Anabas

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Idami, Zahratul. "AN ERROR ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSFORMATION FROM DIRECT TO INDIRECT SPEECH." JL3T ( Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching) 3, no. 1 (2018): 82–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.32505/jl3t.v3i1.335.

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The objective of the study is to reveal the types of errors made by students in transforming direct to indirect speech in the form of statements. Furthermore, it attempts to find out the kind of errors that the students do most. To achieve the objectives of the study, the writer conducted a field research in which a test of grammar was administered. Then she did the library research in order to find some books and references that were related to error analysis and grammar. The subjects of the study were the second grade students of SMA Negeri 2 Peusangan. There were 295 students from which 34

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Twaha, Asim I. "Textual Representation of Mr. Kurtz in Heart of Darkness." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 9, no. 3 (2024): 524–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.93.69.

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The paper attempts to study the way the character of Mr. Kurtz is materialised in Heart of Darkness. The portrayal of Mr. Kurtz’s character is studied and analysed in this research work with reference to two of the major ways of character portrayal – direct definition and indirect presentation. The direct mode of description refers to the description of a character directly and explicitly with the help of a particular word, sentence, or event, whereas in indirect presentation, a character is materialized in terms of various means, such as the action, the speech, the external appearance and eve

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Fabre, Marta, Juan José Puente-Lanzarote, Elena Llorente, Sheila López-Triguero, Diego Aparicio-Pelaz, and Juan José Perales-Afán. "Direct and indirect reference intervals of 25-hydroxyvitamin D." Biochemia medica 34, no. 2 (2024): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.11613/bm.2024.020706.

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Graphical abstract Highlights • Addressing vitamin D deficiency, we established reference intervals using direct and indirect methods • Winter reference intervals (5.4-55.7 ng/mL) contrasts with higher summer values (5.9-59.9 ng/mL), emphasizing the impact of seasons • Differences between vitamin D reference intervals obtained by direct and indirect methods were detected • The importance of regional factors is critical; notable distinctions in vitamin D values underscore the need for revised guidelines IntroductionMany studies report vitamin D (25-OH-D) deficiency, although there is no consens

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Alderson-Day, Ben, Jamie Moffatt, Marco Bernini, Kaja Mitrenga, Bo Yao, and Charles Fernyhough. "Processing Speech and Thoughts during Silent Reading: Direct Reference Effects for Speech by Fictional Characters in Voice-Selective Auditory Cortex and a Theory-of-Mind Network." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 32, no. 9 (2020): 1637–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01571.

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Stories transport readers into vivid imaginative worlds, but understanding how readers create such worlds—populating them with characters, objects, and events—presents serious challenges across disciplines. Auditory imagery is thought to play a prominent role in this process, especially when representing characters' voices. Previous research has shown that direct reference to speech in stories (e.g., He said, “I'm over here”) may prompt spontaneous activation of voice-selective auditory cortex more than indirect speech [Yao, B., Belin, P., & Scheepers, C. Silent reading of direct versus in

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Taranovs, Andrejs. "Falling Weight Deflectometre And Plate Load Test: Direct And Indirect Comparative Testing." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1202, no. 1 (2021): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1202/1/012021.

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Abstract Plate load test is a widely used method in Latvia both in quality control and in road design process. This test is performed according to the standard DIN 18134. Such test usually takes at least 30 minutes and requires certain load weight. Considering the relatively long time needed for this test, alternatives were sought and a potential alternative was defined to perform testing with Falling Weight Deflectometre (FWD). In order to check this assumption both direct and indirect testing was performed and correlation between the results of both tests was defined. In the first case the t

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Peresada, S., S. Bozhko, S. Kovbasa, and Ye Nikonenko. "ROBUST DIRECT FIELD ORIENTED CONTROL OF INDUCTION GENERATOR." Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika 2021, no. 4 (2021): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/techned2021.04.014.

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A novel and robust field oriented vector control method for standalone induction generators (IG) is presented. The proposed controller exploits the concept of direct field orientation and provides asymptotic rotor flux modulus and DC-link voltage regulations when a DC-load is constant or slowly varying. Flux subsystem, designed using Lyapunov’s second method, has, in contrast to standard structures, closed loop properties and therefore is robust with respect to rotor resistance variations. A decomposition approach on the base of the two-time scale separation of the voltage and torque current d

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Lykina, Vira, and Serhiy Potapenko. "Rhetoric of direct and indirect notation of concepts: the procedure of transformation of an idea into an effect." Revista Amazonia Investiga 11, no. 50 (2022): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2022.50.02.15.

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The paper dwells on the textual ways direct and indirect references to concepts transform into particular effects. The topicality of the publication is brought about by the necessity to study the impact on the audience achieved by verbal formation of particular impressions. The goal of the article is to reveal how the direct reference to the democracy concept or its absence creates the desired effect in the inaugurals by American Presidents Obama and Biden. The paper applies the rhetorical methodology of idea-turned-impression to explain the way the concept named in the beginning of a speech t

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Nadakavukaren Schefer, Krista, and Mintewab Gebre Woldesenbet. "The Revised Agreement on Government Procurement and Corruption." Journal of World Trade 47, Issue 5 (2013): 1129–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2013037.

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In March 2012, Parties to the World Trade Organization's (WTOs) plurilateral Agreement on Government Procurement agreed to a revised text to govern public purchasing of goods and services. On 2 May 2013, the first Party to the Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) ratified the Amendment. While structurally significantly different from the current text, the revised Agreement's substantive differences are modest. One significant change, however, was the addition of direct language on corruption prevention. Given the extent of corruption plaguing procurement, there is no doubt that corruption pr

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Marchwiński, Janusz. "Stal w architekturze." BUILDER 258, no. 1 (2019): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3330.

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Steel in architecture. The aim of the article is to define the aesthetic role of steel in architecture while taking into account its specificity. In the article some selected examples of contemporary buildings (completed and designed) as well as references to the historical solutions have been included. In summation it has been concluded that the use of steel comes down to the direct and indirect role in shaping the spatial forms of buildings and it may bring new aesthetics in contemporary architecture.

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Hero, Rodney E., and Morris Levy. "Unequal values: equality and race in state of the union addresses, 1960–2018." Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics 6, no. 3 (2021): 499–528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rep.2021.21.

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AbstractWe analyze the prevalence and framing of references to equality and inequality in presidential state of the union addresses (SOTUs) delivered between 1960 and 2018. Despite rising income inequality and increased attention among political elites to structural inequalities of race and gender in recent years, we find very few direct or indirect references to inequality as a social problem and surprisingly few references even to the ostensibly consensual and primary values of equal opportunity and political equality. References to racial inequality have been few and far between since the h

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Repetto, Giorgio. "Pouring New Wine into New Bottles? The Preliminary Reference to the CJEU by the Italian Constitutional Court." German Law Journal 16, no. 6 (2015): 1449–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200021210.

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In the ongoing debate about preliminary references raised by constitutional courts, the ItalianCorte costituzionale(Constitutional Court, hereafter, ICC) is apparently a latecomer. Despite its pivotal role in the founding era in which the relationships between Community law and national legal orders were assessed, its reluctance towards preliminary references to the ECJ (since 2009: Court of Justice of the European Union, CJEU) has repeatedly been invoked as a standard in legal scholarship. Whereas from the early 1960s onwards it engaged dialectically with the CJEU, and contributed to some bas

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Wojciechowska-Pieszko, Anna. "Translating intertextuality in animated films – an analysis of DreamWorks, Disney and Pixar animations." Polonica 42 (2022): 5–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17651/polon.42.1.

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Intertextuality focuses on the relationship between different texts, either spoken or written. These connections have been the subject of research for many scholars around the world and initially were discussed mainly from the point of view of literary theory (Tomaszkiewicz, 2006, p. 175). The aim of this paper is to examine intertextual references in the context of translation theory, taking into account the various techniques and strategies employed when translating direct or indirect references in a dubbing format. The author analy-ses dialogues from the DreamWorks production “Shrek”(2001),

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Vos, Hendrik. "Vlaanderen in het Europees besluitvormingsproces (case-studie milieubeleid)." Res Publica 43, no. 1 (2001): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/rp.v43i1.18515.

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The overlapping of the competencies of a number of regional authorities and those of the EU has necessitated an introduction of the regions in the EU policy-making. In this contribution, this phenomenon is combined with the concepts of paradiplomacy and multilevel governance. The present opportunities for regional participation will be looked at and some kind of classification scheme will be proposed. Those opportunities may be classified into four categories, depending on the formal (strict procedures) or informal (no strict procedures) and direct (direct relationship with EU institutions) or

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Zhang, Li Li, Jing Lu, and Yun Fei Ai. "Analysis on Factors Influencing Maritime Silk Road Based on ISM." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 2511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.2511.

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Maritime silk road is important to China’s economy and politics, and it is influenced by a number of interrelated factors. It is difficult to determine which factors are more important and should be considered preferentially. This paper introduces Interpretative Structural Model (ISM) to identify and analyze those factors. A hierarchy structure of factors influencing maritime silk road which contains three levels is constructed after identifying and sorting factors. By analyzing the direct, indirect and fundamental influencing factors, the results provide references to develop plans of buildin

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Churton, Michael W. "Federal Law and Adapted Physical Education." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 5, no. 4 (1988): 278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.5.4.278.

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This article comprehensively reviews national legislation that affects the delivery of adapted physical education services. Legislation includes the Education of the Handicapped Act as amended by PL 99-457, the Rehabilitation Act as amended by PL 99-507, and the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act as amended by PL 100-146. Direct and indirect references to physical education are presented for each act. An overview as to the legislative process is also described. Advocacy is discussed pertinent to the profession’s and the professionals’ responsibilities for ensuring tha

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Singh, R. B., and Chenchen Shi. "Advances in Observation and Estimation of Land Use Impacts on Climate Changes: Improved Data, Upgraded Models, and Case Studies." Advances in Meteorology 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/748169.

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Global land use and land cover pattern has greatly changed in the past 50 years, which exerts direct or indirect influence on the climate change remarkably at both regional and global scales. Therefore, observing and estimating the land use impacts on surface climate is essential and has been continuously promoted by researchers. This paper explores the advancement in the models, data, and application for observing and estimating the land use impacts on surface climate and points out further research needs and priorities, which hopefully will provide some references for related studies.

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Charalampopoulos, Ioannis, and Andreas Matzarakis. "Thoughts about the Thermal Environment and the Development of Human Civilisation." Atmosphere 13, no. 11 (2022): 1925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13111925.

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Thermal conditions are the most challenging factors in studying human biometeorology, indoor and outdoor design, and adaptation to climate change. The thermal environment is always present and shapes everyday life, behaviours, and the natural and artificial environment. In this paper, we analyse some thoughts that link thermal perception to the roots of human civilisation. Following the narrative thread of mythology and the history of religions, there are direct and indirect references to the thermal environment everywhere. The thermal environment may be a part of the core of human culture.

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Haiying, Huo, Zhang Hao, Han Zigeng, et al. "Eutrophication Control and Treatment Measures." Journal of Engineering System 1, no. 1 (2023): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.62517/jes.202302105.

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Eutrophication usually refers to the excess of nutrients in water bodies, which often leads to the deterioration of water quality or the collapse of ecosystems.Eutrophication is a global problem with direct and indirect impacts on human health, agricultural output and ecosystems.This paper will review eutrophication standards, and through the analysis of references, it aims to explore the research progress and development trend of existing eutrophication standards, and explore how to improve water quality and restore ecosystems by reducing eutrophication, in order to provide scientific basis f

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Haeckel, Rainer, Werner Wosniok, and Thomas Streichert. "Review of potentials and limitations of indirect approaches for estimating reference limits/intervals of quantitative procedures in laboratory medicine." Journal of Laboratory Medicine 45, no. 2 (2021): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/labmed-2020-0131.

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Abstract Reference intervals (RIs) can be determined by direct and indirect procedures. Both approaches identify a reference population from which the RIs are defined. The crucial difference between direct and indirect methods is that direct methods select particular individuals after individual anamnesis and medical examination have confirmed the absence of pathological conditions. These individuals form a reference subpopulation. Indirect methods select a reference subpopulation in which the individuals are not identified. They isolate a reference population from a mixed population of patien

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Biswas, Rishikesh. "The Role of Translation in Shaping Islamic Discourse in News Reporting: Arabic in BBC News Reporting." Journal of Social Science and Humanities 6, no. 11 (2024): 66–71. https://doi.org/10.53469/jssh.2024.6(11).14.

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This is Study aim to the role of news translation in portraying the Islamist discourse in news reports produced by the BBC and Al Arabiya. This study is qualitative. Multidisciplinary in nature, combining translation studies, media studies, and news discourse studies, to achieve study objectives, a comprehensive analysis of news reports from both news organizations will been conducted. It focuses on the textual analysis of Arabic and English versions of news reports, exploring translation patterns and strategies. The analysis delves into labeling practices, language rules, and the use of direc

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a, Oleh. "ANALYSIS OF COMPANY PERFORMANCE AS ISSUERS BASED ON THE COMPASS 100 INDEX ON MARKET PRICES." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 5 (2021): 1279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12968.

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The background of this research is the desire of investors and issuers so that the individual stock price index continues to increase in the Indonesian stock market, in fact, fluctuates where investment stores and previous studies have stated the influence between company performance variables, investor expectations, investment risk on market prices and their impact on the index individual share price The research objective is to give investors confidence to invest in the Indonesian stock market by analyzing the effect of company performance, investor expectations, investment risk on market pr

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Haeckel, Rainer, and Werner Wosniok. "The importance of correct stratifications when comparing directly and indirectly estimated reference intervals." Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 59, no. 10 (2021): 1628–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2021-0353.

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Abstract Objectives There are generally two major reasons for the comparison of reference intervals (RIs): when externally determined RIs (from the literature or provided by a manufacturer) are compared with presently used intra-laboratory RIs and when indirectly estimated RIs are compared with directly established RIs. Discrepancies within these comparisons may occur for two reasons: 1. the pre-analytical and/or analytical conditions do not agree and/or 2. biological variables influencing the establishment of RIs have not been considered adequately. If directly and indirectly estimated refere

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Torge, Antje, Rainer Haeckel, Mustafa Özcürümez, Alexander Krebs, and Ralf Junker. "Diurnal variation of leukocyte counts affects the indirect estimation of reference intervals." Journal of Laboratory Medicine 45, no. 2 (2021): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/labmed-2020-0132.

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Abstract It has been observed that the estimation of reference intervals of leukocytes in whole venous blood leads to higher upper reference limits (uRLs) with indirect methods than has been reported in the literature determined by direct approaches. This phenomenon was reinvestigated with a newer, more advanced indirect method, and could be confirmed. Furthermore, a diurnal variation was observed with lower values during the morning and higher values in the late afternoon and at night. This observation can explain why indirect approaches using samples collected during 24 h lead to higher uRLs

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György, Katalin, and László Dávid. "Comparison between model reference discrete time indirect and direct adaptive controls." Procedia Manufacturing 22 (2018): 444–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2018.03.069.

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Zhang, Yaoqi, and Lu Hao. "Direct and Indirect Effects of Large-Scale Forest Restoration on Water Yield in China’s Large River Basins." Remote Sensing 17, no. 9 (2025): 1581. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17091581.

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Emerging evidence indicates that large-scale forest restoration exhibits dual hydrological effects: direct reduction of local water availability through elevated evapotranspiration (ET) and indirect augmentation of water resources via enhanced atmospheric moisture recycling. However, the quantitative assessment of these counteracting effects remains challenging due to the limited observational constraints on moisture transport. Here, we integrate the Budyko model with the Lagrangian-based UTrack moisture-tracking dataset to disentangle the direct (via ET) and indirect (via precipitation) large

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Kumar, Prem. "Intertextuality in Nāṭya Literature: Un-wrapping the Riddle of Historical Imagery and Literary Citations in Śūdraka’s Mṛcchakaṭikam." YMER Digital 21, no. 02 (2022): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.02/04.

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Intertextuality is widely used in the production of various genres of literature in India. It is most widely used in smṛti literature. The present article explores intertextuality in Mṛcchakaṭikam, which is one of the important nātya literatures of the Gupta period. In this play, Intertextuality is expressed in direct and indirect ways in the adoption of plots, subplots, characters, incidents, etc. Stories, fictions, mythologies, histories, texts, authors, characters all feed on intertextuality. The author of the play knew the basic historical and literary information that he invoked in his

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Wang, Rui. "Research on the Impact of ChatGPT on the Chinas Economy." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 58, no. 1 (2023): 274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/58/20230931.

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In recent years, the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology has had a wide and profound impact on the global economy. As one of the important technologies in the field of artificial intelligence, ChatGPT has the ability to generate automated conversations and has attracted widespread attention. However, the impact of ChatGPT on the Chinese economy has not yet been comprehensively studied. This study aims to explore the impact of ChatGPT technology on the Chinese economy, and provide theoretical guidance and practical references for further understanding and addressing the chal

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P. S., Ajjappalavara, Deepashri J., Shet R. M., Ravikumar B., and Vinaykumar M.M. "Assessment of Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) Characteristics in Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)." Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 28, no. 6 (2025): 615–28. https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2025/v28i62426.

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Distinctness, Uniformity, and Stability (DUS) analysis for total of 54 morphological, phenological, and fruit-related traits in 32 hot pepper test genotypes alongside 14 reference varieties at the DUS testing center, HREC, Devihosur, following PPV&FRA guidelines. Significant variability was observed across key descriptors, aiding in varietal differentiation and trait-based grouping. Correlation and path analyses revealed that the number of fruits per plant (direct effect: 0.91) and single fruit weight (indirect effect via fruit breadth: 0.50) had the strongest positive effects on yield, wh

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Ciulu, Marius-Stefan. "The Use and Importance of Biblical References in Vita Antonii." Review of Ecumenical Studies Sibiu 11, no. 1 (2019): 90–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ress-2019-0007.

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Abstract Athanasius the Great succeeded with his Vita Antonii to create a new literary genre, the „biography of a saint“. Through his approach, shaped by his impressive theological knowledge and familiarity with the biblical text, Athanasius unlocked an immense amount of cultural knowledge. The Archbishop of Alexandria structured this hagiographic work on the father of monasticism in a way that allowed the reader to understand and perceive the peculiarities of Saint Anthony in accordance with the Orthodoxy of the Church. The present study examines how Athanasius the Great used about four hundr

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Bohn, Mary Kathryn, and Khosrow Adeli. "Application of the TML method to big data analytics and reference interval harmonization." Journal of Laboratory Medicine 45, no. 2 (2021): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/labmed-2020-0133.

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Abstract Significant variation in reported reference intervals across healthcare centers and networks for many well-standardized laboratory tests continues to exist, negatively impacting patient outcomes by increasing the risk of inappropriate and inconsistent test result interpretation. Reference interval harmonization has been limited by challenges associated with direct reference interval establishment as well as hesitancies to apply currently available indirect methodologies. The Truncated Maximum Likelihood (TML) method for indirect reference interval establishment developed by the German

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Kortmann, Sebastian C. J. J. "Indirect Representation According to the Draft Common Frame of Reference." European Review of Private Law 24, Issue 3/4 (2016): 489–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2016031.

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Abstract: This essay discusses the so-called actio directa and actio contraria, as laid down in the final edition of the Draft of a Common Frame of Reference (DCFR), that is, the possibility of a direct relationship between the principal and the third party in case of indirect representation. In 1998, Arthur Hartkamp wrote an article entitled ‘Indirect Representation According to the Principles of European Contract Law (PECL), the UNIDROIT Agency Convention and the Dutch Civil Code’. All three sets of rules contain a provision for the actio directa as well as one for the actio contraria. Hartk

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Candido, Guido Muzio, and Paulo Carlos Kaminski. "Civilian armored vehicle operations in Brazil – challenges and production processes improvements: a qualitative survey." Production Engineering Archives 29, no. 2 (2023): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30657/pea.2023.29.15.

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Abstract Armoring civilian vehicles requires specialized knowledge and experience that many armoring companies lack as they are not direct or indirect suppliers of vehicle manufacturers. This limits their access to automotive quality and manufacturing certifications or detailed vehicle designs, which can result in loss or malfunctioning of automotive components during the armoring process. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the challenges faced by Brazilian civilian armoring companies and identify opportunities for improvement in their production processes. Qualitative research was con

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Gao, Yiling, and Yongqiang Lou. "A Study on Teacher’s Regulative Discourse in Online Academic English Writing Course." Education Reform and Development 6, no. 7 (2024): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/erd.v6i7.7737.

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This study investigates the use of teachers’ regulative discourse in an online academic writing course from the perspective of Bernstein’s pedagogic discourse theory. By observing and analyzing the data from the “Academic English Writing” course on the China University MOOC platform, the study examines the forms, syntactic expressions, and functions of directives used by teachers in online classes and explores their impact on teaching and student learning. The findings reveal that teachers prefer to use direct regulative discourses, such as imperative sentences while utilizing indirect and mor

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Versey, H. Shellae, Serene Murad, Paul Willems, and Mubarak Sanni. "Beyond Housing: Perceptions of Indirect Displacement, Displacement Risk, and Aging Precarity as Challenges to Aging in Place in Gentrifying Cities." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (2019): 4633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234633.

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Neighborhoods within age-friendly cities and communities are an important factor in shaping the everyday lives of older adults. Yet, less is known about how neighborhoods experiencing change influence the ability to age in place. One type of rapid neighborhood change occurring across major cities nationally and globally is gentrification, a process whereby the culture of an existing neighborhood changes through the influx of more affluent residents and businesses. Few studies have considered the impact of gentrification on older adults, who are among the most vulnerable to economic and social

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Kersting, Stefan, and Martin Buss. "Direct and Indirect Model Reference Adaptive Control for Multivariable Piecewise Affine Systems." IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 62, no. 11 (2017): 5634–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tac.2017.2690060.

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Liu, Yanran, Lei Tang, and Guangfu Liu. "Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reduction through Technological Innovation: Empirical Evidence from Chinese Provinces." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (2022): 9543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159543.

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Energy consumption and industrial activities are the primary sources of carbon emissions. As the “world’s factory” and the largest carbon emitter, China has been emphasizing the core role of technological innovation in promoting industrial structure upgrades (ISU) and energy efficiency (EE) to reduce carbon emissions from industrial production and energy consumption. This study investigated the mechanism (through ISU and EE) and spillover effect of technological innovation on carbon emission reduction using the panel dataset of 30 Chinese provinces from 2008 to 2019 and spatial econometrics mo

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Li, Junjie, Yu Wang, and Chunlu Liu. "SPATIAL EFFECT OF MARKET SENTIMENT ON HOUSING PRICE: EVIDENCE FROM SOCIAL MEDIA DATA IN CHINA." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 26, no. 1 (2022): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/ijspm.2022.16255.

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Market sentiment has become more easily spread between cities through social media. This study investigates the spatial effect of market sentiment on housing price in a social media environment. In order to extract home-buyer sentiment from social media, we use text sentiment analysis techniques and build a novel housing market sentiment index. A spatial econometric model of housing price volatility is subsequently constructed and the housing market sentiment index is included as an independent variable in the model. Using panel data from 30 large and medium-sized cities in China for 20 quarte

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Vinothkanna, R., and M. Duraipandian. "Comparative analysis of Direct and Indirect Model Reference Adaptive Control by Extended Kalman Filter." September 2021 3, no. 3 (2021): 154–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jeea.2021.3.001.

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Considerations about the increasing complexity of technological systems have stimulated the interest in hybrid systems that can successfully manage switching behaviour or approach nonlinearity. Hybrid systems are made up of two parts: a constant dynamics component and a switching mechanism. This article investigates the effectiveness of direct and indirect model adaptive control approaches for any common tool for hybrid modelling and approximation nonlinear systems. A reference model may be linear or partially refined, specifies the desired loop system behavior that the adaptive controllers ar

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Ilunga-Ilunga, Félicien, Alain Levêque, Léon Okenge Ngongo, Félicien Tshimungu Kandolo, and Michèle Dramaix. "Costs of treatment of children affected by severe malaria in reference hospitals of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 8, no. 12 (2014): 1574–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.4622.

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Introduction: Malaria remains a real problem of public health. Its hospital care generates important expenditures for affected households. The present study aimed to estimate direct and indirect costs of severe child malaria in reference hospitals in Kinshasa. Methodology: This prospective study included 1,350 children under 15 years of age suffering from severe malaria. The study was performed between 1 January and 30 November, 2011. Data were collected in nine reference hospitals. The studied parameters were direct pre-hospital costs, direct hospital costs, and indirect costs. Costs were ass

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Torvinen, Saku, Susanne Bergius, Risto Roine, Leena Lodenius, Harri Sintonen, and Kimmo Taari. "USE OF PATIENT ASSESSED HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE INSTRUMENTS IN PROSTATE CANCER RESEARCH: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 2002–15." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 32, no. 3 (2016): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462316000118.

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Objectives: The objectives of this study were to identify and qualitatively describe, in a systematic literature review, published studies that collected prostate cancer patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL) estimates by using validated, generic instruments.Methods: Systematic searches of the literature were made using the Medline, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and CINAHL electronic databases from 2002 to 2015.Results: The search identified 2,171 references, of which 237 were obtained for full-text assessment; thirty-three of these articles were deemed relevant and included in the sys

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