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SEREDYNSKI, MARCIN, and PASCAL BOUVRY. "DIRECT RECIPROCITY-BASED COOPERATION IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 23, no. 02 (February 2012): 501–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054112400254.
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A distributed nature of a wireless mobile ad hoc network, lack of a single authority, and limited battery resources of participating devices may lead its users to be reluctant to packet relaying duties. This paper investigates potential networking conditions that could lead to a direct reciprocity-based cooperation on packet relaying. Simulation of behaviour of the network is carried out using an evolutionary game-theoretical approach. A game-based model of nodes' interactions coupled with a genetic algorithm is used to find successful relaying strategies for various networking conditions. Computational experiments demonstrate that the reciprocity-based packet relaying is an efficient way to overcome the social dilemma present in such a network. However, in the presence of a large number of unconditionally cooperatives nodes a selfish permanent defection strategy is more efficient than a reciprocal tit-for-tat strategy. Nevertheless the switch from cooperative to selfish behaviour among some users does not change significantly the overall performance of the network as the negative consequences of the switch are compensated by the generous packet relaying contribution of unconditionally cooperative nodes.
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Xu, Xiaobing, and Rong Chen. "Competition, Cooperation, and Pricing: How Mobile Operators Respond to the Challenge of Over-The-Top." International Journal of Marketing Studies 7, no. 6 (November 30, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v7n6p1.
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<p>Considering the threats from OTT (Over-The-Top) services, this paper examines whether the mobile operator should charge OTT services access fees and how to. By using a dynamic-gaming process, we find that: 1) under non-cooperative strategy, the mobile operator would charge OTT a mobile Internet access fee, which is positively correlated to OTT platform’s future commercial value and the price of direct communication service, and negatively correlated to the indirect communication service price. 2) under cooperative strategy, the OTT service price that the joint venture charges end users is negatively correlated to OTT platform’s future commercial value. 3) despite choosing cooperative or non-cooperative strategy, the pricing of mobile operator’s direct communication service has a negative correlation with OTT platform’s future value and a positive correlation with the platform’s quality; while the pricing of the indirect communication service is positively correlated to platform’s future value and negatively correlated with the platform quality.</p>
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Andziulienė, Loreta. "Meta-evaluation of History and English Language Pedagogy Study Programme with Focus on Transformational Learning." Pedagogika 123, no. 3 (September 2, 2016): 104–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2016.36.
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Higher education internalization, professional mobility and competitive participation in the international labour market requires the new 21st century competences that involve the transformational change of future teachers, academic staff and the teacher training institution itself. Integrated content and foreign language (CLIL) study programmes create preconditions for such transformational learning based on cooperative learning/teaching, critical thinking, formative assessment and reflection. Simulations, case studies, problem solving, project work, research based learning develop students’ ability to work cooperatively and produce collectively. Pedagogical scaffolding strategies, constructive feedback and formative assessment enable students monitor their progress and plan their further learning. Systematic reflection helps understand better meaningfulness and complexity of the teaching profession, directs one’s transformation and equips students with lifelong learning skills. CLIL study programs prove to have high transformational impact on in-service teachers’ conceptual thinking, procedural skills and encourage reassessing the validity of learning. Ability to direct one’s change empowers future teachers to construct and reconstruct their knowledge based on their experience and needs, critically evaluate educational and work environment, transfer the acquired knowledge and skills to new contexts and actively participate in the reconstruction of the changing society.
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Goetz, Tamara L., Ting-Lei Gu, Nancy A. Speck, and Barbara J. Graves. "Auto-Inhibition of Ets-1 Is Counteracted by DNA Binding Cooperativity with Core-Binding Factor α2." Molecular and Cellular Biology 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.20.1.81-90.2000.
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ABSTRACT Auto-inhibition is a common transcriptional control mechanism that is well characterized in the regulatory transcription factor Ets-1. Autoinhibition of Ets-1 DNA binding works through an inhibitory module that exists in two conformations. DNA binding requires a change in the inhibitory module from the packed to disrupted conformation. This structural switch provides a mechanism to tightly regulate Ets-1 DNA binding. We report that the Ets-1 partner protein core-binding factor α2 (CBFα2; also known as AML1 or PEBP2) stimulates Ets-1 DNA binding and counteracts auto-inhibition. Support for this conclusion came from three observations. First, the level of cooperative DNA binding (10-fold) was similar to the level of repression by auto-inhibition (10- to 20-fold). Next, a region necessary for cooperative DNA binding mapped to the inhibitory module. Third, an Ets-1 mutant with a constitutively disrupted inhibitory module did not bind DNA cooperatively with CBFα2. Furthermore, two additional lines of evidence indicated that CBFα2 affects the structural switch by direct interactions with Ets-1. First, the retention of cooperative DNA binding on nicked duplexes eliminated a potential role of through-DNA effects. Second, cooperative DNA binding was observed on composite sites with altered spacing or reversed orientation. We suggest that only protein interactions can accommodate this observed flexibility. These findings provide a mechanism by which CBF relieves the auto-inhibition of Ets-1 and illustrates one strategy for the synergistic activity of regulatory transcription factors.
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Ley, David, Carmen X. Guzman, Karin H. Adolfsson, Amy M. Scott, and Adam B. Braunschweig. "Cooperatively Assembling Donor–Acceptor Superstructures Direct Energy Into an Emergent Charge Separated State." Journal of the American Chemical Society 136, no. 22 (May 23, 2014): 7809–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja5015053.
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Fadhilah, Yunan, and Irham Zaki. "Implementasi Peran Koperasi dalam Pemberdayaan dan Kemandirian Pondok (Studi Kasus pada Pondok Pesantren Mukmin Mandiri Sidoarjo)." Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 6, no. 2 (January 22, 2020): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol6iss20192pp305-318.
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The purpose of the study was to find out the title role of Pesantren believer Cooperative Mandiri Sidoarjo towards economic empowerment and independence employee boarding schools. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach to the case study method. Data collection was carried out by interviews and direct observation to informants, namely those in charge of pesantren, cooperative and cooperative employees (santri). And secondary data collection comes from journals, text books and other literature. The result of this study is the Mukmin Mandiri Pesantren Cooperative plays a major role in enhancing the empowerment of cooperative employees (santri) and playing an optimal role in supporting the independence of the cottage. The economic empowerment of pesantren employees conducted by the Mukmin Mandiri Pesantren Cooperative is by making the Cooperative a work field, a place to apply knowledge and a place to increase income. As for the independence of the cottage, that is to become the main source of funding for Islamic boarding schools in carrying out operations and the sustainability of Islamic boarding schools. Going forward, the Cooperative will further optimize the empowerment of union employees (santri) to print better students in the field of entrepreneurship and religion.Keywords: Cooperative Boarding School, Economic Empowerment, Independence of Islamic Boarding Schools
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Peng, Zhang You, Xu Liu, Xue Xia Zhong, Jian Wang, and Yang Liu. "The Receiving Method Based on Signal Separation by Spread Spectrum in the Cooperative System with Step Direct Channel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 3107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.3107.
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In high-speed mobile Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) cooperative system, direct channel signal presents a step change due to carriage loss, which interferes with signal reception. In the proposed system, spread spectrum is adopted at relay to separate the receiving mixed signals. Subsequently, the fading coefficient threshold of direct channel is obtained by simulating outage probability of direct channel. Finally, separated direct channel signal is selectively received based on the ratio relationship between its current fading coefficient and the obtained threshold. The proposed receiving strategy reduces Bit Error Rate compared with other receiving methods. Moreover, throughput of the proposed system increases when the fading coefficient is higher than threshold.
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Goldman, C. V., and S. Zilberstein. "Decentralized Control of Cooperative Systems: Categorization and Complexity Analysis." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 22 (November 1, 2004): 143–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1427.
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Decentralized control of cooperative systems captures the operation of a group of decision makers that share a single global objective. The difficulty in solving optimally such problems arises when the agents lack full observability of the global state of the system when they operate. The general problem has been shown to be NEXP-complete. In this paper, we identify classes of decentralized control problems whose complexity ranges between NEXP and P. In particular, we study problems characterized by independent transitions, independent observations, and goal-oriented objective functions. Two algorithms are shown to solve optimally useful classes of goal-oriented decentralized processes in polynomial time. This paper also studies information sharing among the decision-makers, which can improve their performance. We distinguish between three ways in which agents can exchange information: indirect communication, direct communication and sharing state features that are not controlled by the agents. Our analysis shows that for every class of problems we consider, introducing direct or indirect communication does not change the worst-case complexity. The results provide a better understanding of the complexity of decentralized control problems that arise in practice and facilitate the development of planning algorithms for these problems.
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Rivera-Pérez, Sergio, Javier Fernandez-Rio, and Damián Iglesias Gallego. "Uncovering the Nexus Between Cooperative Learning Contexts and Achievement Goals in Physical Education." Perceptual and Motor Skills 128, no. 4 (May 20, 2021): 1821–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00315125211016806.
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Cooperative learning is a pedagogical framework extensively used in educational contexts worldwide, but some scholars warn that we do not know much about how its claimed outcomes are delivered. The aim of this study was to uncover the connections between cooperative learning contexts and students’ task and self-approach goals in physical education. We hypothesized that those students who perceived a stronger cooperative learning context in their classes would also show higher task and self-approach goals. A total of 1328 students (648 females and 680 males) from three different educational stages: primary education (n = 584), secondary education (n = 550) and baccalaureate (n = 194), agreed to participate. Participants’ ages ranged between 10 and 20 years ( M = 13.11; SD = 2.45). An ex-post-facto, cross-sectional research design was followed. Results showed a direct and significant connection between high-perceived cooperative learning contexts and high students’ task and self-approach goals. The odds ratio tests verified this positive association, indicating a 4-times greater probability for students who perceived a strong cooperative learning context in the classroom of having high task and self-approach goals. In the same line, we observed that, as the perception of a cooperative learning context increased, task and self-approach goals also increased. This means that a small change in the class context to make it more cooperative had an impact on the students’ achievement goals. Teachers should try to create class contexts where students perceive a strong cooperative learning climate, because it has been connected to adaptive motivational patterns, task and self-approach goals, and these are associated with positive outcomes.
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Yamazaki, Taku, Kazuma Asano, Satoshi Arai, Yusuke Shimomura, and Takumi Miyoshi. "LoCO: Local Cooperative Data Offloading System Based on Location Information." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology 1 (March 29, 2019): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2019.130518.
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The development of high speed mobile networks and the widespread use of smartphones have enabled users to easily obtain large data volumes via the Internet. This causes a heavy consumption of network resources, a burden on the available bandwidth. To solve such problems, a data offloading method with a wireless LAN access point has been used to distribute traffic from mobile to fixed networks. However, the method using wireless LAN access points can only change the communication paths but cannot reduce the overall traffic. This paper proposes a local cooperative data offloading system (LoCO) that reduces the overall traffic by sharing data, with direct communication between neighbors based on their location-related information. Moreover, the authors implemented the LoCO system on Android smartphones and clarified its performance in comparison with a traditional client/server system through experiments to download data in a real-world environment.
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Shen, Huan, and Yun-Sheng Tan. "Vehicle handling and stability control by the cooperative control of 4WS and DYC." Modern Physics Letters B 31, no. 19-21 (July 27, 2017): 1740090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984917400905.
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This paper proposes an integrated control system that cooperates with the four-wheel steering (4WS) and direct yaw moment control (DYC) to improve the vehicle handling and stability. The design works of the four-wheel steering and DYC control are based on sliding mode control. The integration control system produces the suitable 4WS angle and corrective yaw moment so that the vehicle tracks the desired yaw rate and sideslip angle. Considering the change of the vehicle longitudinal velocity that means the comfort of driving conditions, both the driving torque and braking torque are used to generate the corrective yaw moment. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.
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Yu, Kangkang, Xinkai Zhu, and Xuan Chen. "Transaction costs and performance variation of agricultural operators." China Agricultural Economic Review 7, no. 3 (September 7, 2015): 374–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-03-2014-0028.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between transaction costs and the performance variance of peasant households and specialized cooperatives, as well as to explore whether or not this relationship varies across different regions in China. Design/methodology/approach – Based on the transaction cost theory (TCT) and the contingency theory (CT), a survey was undertaken at county level to support the main effects and moderating effects and the results were analyzed using a general linear model. A complementary case study was also used to further discuss the results. Findings – It was found that the change rate of peasant households’ scope of operation is sensitive to inadequate market information, purchase and sales expense and resolving disputes expense. In terms of specialized cooperatives, the change rate of their scale of operations is sensitive to inadequate market information, the chances of violating an agreement and incomplete norms. The moderating effect of regional classification is supported in terms of purchase and sales expenses on the performance variance of peasant households, and in terms of inadequate market information on the performance variance of specialized cooperatives. Research limitations/implications – First, the data were collected at the county level, which could only reflect the conditions of the macro-environment. Second, many variables were designed as dummies for the sake of brevity and efficiency, because the respondents were officers in local agricultural departments. Third, transaction costs may not have a direct effect on the variance of productivity but indirect through many potential mediators. Practical implications – The results not only provide useful information for agricultural operators to analyze the transaction costs related to their forms of organization, but also impartial advice for policy makers to consider the form of agricultural operators in different regions. Originality/value – This study focusses on the role of the external environment by integrating the TCT and CT theory. Furthermore, it seeks to explore whether the relationship between transaction costs and the performance variance of peasant households and specialized cooperatives varies across different regions of China.
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Зегря, Г. Г., В. П. Улин, А. Г. Зегря, Н. В. Улин, and Ю. М. Михайлов. "Влияние типа проводимости и уровня легирования кристаллов кремния на размеры каналов пор, формирующихся в них при анодном травлении в растворах плавиковой кислоты." Журнал технической физики 89, no. 10 (2019): 1575. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2019.10.48175.91-19.
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AbstractIn this paper, we discuss causes of the multidirectional effect of changes in the concentrations of free charge carriers in silicon crystals of p - and n -type conductivity on the transverse dimensions of pores formed as a result of anodic etching in hydrofluoric acid solutions, as well as the effect of anodic current density on pore size. The observed dependences are explained based on the concepts of electrochemical pore formation in semiconductor crystals as self-organizing cooperative processes accompanied by the injection of electrons from the chemical reaction region at the pore advancement front. Differences in the size of pores forming at the same current density in crystals differing in type and concentration of free charge carriers are associated with the effective temperature of the front of the cooperative chemical reaction at the bottom of germinating pores. This temperature, in turn, correlates with the power density of thermal energy released in the near-surface region of the etching crystal, either due to recombination processes for a p -type semiconductor or direct or indirect energy transfer from hot electrons to lattice vibrations in the case of a n -type semiconductor. The characteristic relaxation times of injected nonequilibrium electrons were calculated depending on the concentrations of the majority charge carriers in silicon crystals of both types of conductivity and the corresponding thicknesses of the regions of relaxation energy release. The revealed patterns of concentration changes in the power density of heat release in the near-frontal region of etching silicon crystals of p - and n -type conductivity are in good agreement with observed changes in the size of germinating pores.
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Jiménez, Orlando. "Innovation-Oriented Environmental Regulations: Direct versus Indirect Regulations; an Empirical Analysis of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Chile." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 37, no. 4 (April 2005): 723–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a3736.
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It is often suggested that innovation is one of the most desirable environmental policy aims, in that it promises to solve the conflict between environmental regulation and economic growth. Contrary to what is frequently advocated—that in order to foster innovation through regulation, most of the attention should be put on the regulation-setting process, I argue that a cooperative stance in the implementation of regulations also has a crucial impact, especially in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This argument is assessed looking at innovation effects that both direct regulations (command-and-control) and indirect regulations (negotiated voluntary agreements, called cleaner production agreements) have in this sector. A face-to-face survey questionnaire, with a non-probabilistic matching sampling strategy, was conducted in 322 firms representing four industrial sectors in Chile. The propensity-scores analysis demonstrates that SMEs involved in voluntary agreements innovate significantly more, as expressed through environmental management systems and techniques. In terms of technological innovations, voluntary agreements promoted incremental (rather than radical) multimedia innovations. Nevertheless, they had a significant effect on triggering at least one radical process change in the SMEs engaged in the programme. I conclude by emphasising that a cooperative style in the design and implementation of regulations has a key role to play in environmental capacity building in SMEs, and that this approach can create the appropriate conditions for innovation. However, this potential cannot be fully realised if there are not strong market and regulatory stimuli towards the development of more radical environmental innovations.
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Dong, Lijing. "Cooperative synchronization control of intelligent lifting systems with actuator failures." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 12 (December 2018): 168781401881349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018813493.
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Synchronization of a large-scale lifting system with hydraulic actuator failures is investigated in this article. The lifting system is composed of multiple intelligent lifting subsystems with hydraulic actuators, wireless data transfer unit, and distributed controller. During the lifting process, the hydraulic actuators are possible to be malfunctioned. Once actuator failure occurs, the number of lifting points and the communication topology would change over different time intervals. This article proposes a distributed synchronization control method and adopts switching technique in analyzing the lifting synchronization. The distributed controller is designed with information received from around subsystems through wireless data transfer unit rather than with direct reference signal from the control station. On the basis of Lyapunov stability theory and switched technique, sufficient conditions that guarantee the synchronization of the lifting system with actuator failures are achieved, and synchronization errors can be reduced as small as desired. Finally, the effectiveness of proposed distributed synchronization controller is verified by numerical simulations conducted on AMESim platform. From the simulation results, it can be seen that when actuator failures occur, the synchronization error of the remaining lifting subsystems is less than 5%. The lifting synchronization error shrinks to 5% in 5.87 s when a broke-down subsystem returns to normal.
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Scott, Mark G. H., Vincenzo Pierotti, Hélène Storez, Erika Lindberg, Alain Thuret, Olivier Muntaner, Catherine Labbé-Jullié, Julie A. Pitcher, and Stefano Marullo. "Cooperative Regulation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Activation and Cell Shape Change by Filamin A and β-Arrestins." Molecular and Cellular Biology 26, no. 9 (May 1, 2006): 3432–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.26.9.3432-3445.2006.
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ABSTRACT β-Arrestins (βarr) are multifunctional adaptor proteins that can act as scaffolds for G protein-coupled receptor activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). Here, we identify the actin-binding and scaffolding protein filamin A (FLNA) as a βarr-binding partner using Son of sevenless recruitment system screening, a classical yeast two-hybrid system, coimmunoprecipitation analyses, and direct binding in vitro. In FLNA, the βarr-binding site involves tandem repeat 22 in the carboxyl terminus. βarr binds FLNA through both its N- and C-terminal domains, indicating the presence of multiple binding sites. We demonstrate that βarr and FLNA act cooperatively to activate the MAPK extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) downstream of activated muscarinic M1 (M1MR) and angiotensin II type 1a (AT1AR) receptors and provide experimental evidence indicating that this phenomenon is due to the facilitation of βarr-ERK2 complex formation by FLNA. In Hep2 cells, stimulation of M1MR or AT1AR results in the colocalization of receptor, βarr, FLNA, and active ERK in membrane ruffles. Reduction of endogenous levels of βarr or FLNA and a catalytically inactive dominant negative MEK1, which prevents ERK activation, inhibit membrane ruffle formation, indicating the functional requirement for βarr, FLNA, and active ERK in this process. Our results indicate that βarr and FLNA cooperate to regulate ERK activation and actin cytoskeleton reorganization.
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Breza, Martin, and Stanislav Biskupič. "On the Structure of Boat-Shaped Hexalead(II) Cations with OH Bridges." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 69, no. 11 (2004): 2055–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20042055.
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Using Hartree-Fock, B3LYP, and MP2 treatments, the optimal boat-shaped geometries and corresponding electronic structures of [Pb6Om(μ3-OH)n]q complex cations with total charges q = 12 - 2m - n, m = 0 or 1, n = 6 or 8, are investigated. Whereas the [Pb6(μ3-OH)6]6+ cation is unstable, the remaining structures preserve C2v symmetry. Direct Pb-Pb interactions are weakly antibonding in all the systems under study. The clusters are held together exclusively by relatively weak Pb-O bonds. The effects of central O and two additional μ3-OH bridges in [Pb6O(μ3-OH)8]2+ are not fully cooperative. [Pb6O(μ3-OH)6]4+ and [Pb6(μ3-OH)8]4+ may coexist in water solutions in comparable concentrations.
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Zhu, Yong Qiang, Wen Rui Guo, Guan Jie Wang, Guang Quan He, and Ya Feng Wen. "Taihe Circuit, a Novel Circuit Topology for Conversion from Single-Phase to Three-Phase." Advanced Materials Research 1077 (December 2014): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1077.172.
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This paper presents a brand-new splitting phase topology based on three-phase full-bridge inverter, which is named ‘Taihe Circuit’. This circuit topology resembles the traditional three-phase full-bridge inverter except for the direct connection of its two-phase output with the two terminals of the one-phase power source. Its operating principles are as follows: one-phase power source first charges the DC capacitor through three-phase full-bridge inverter in a small time period. After the voltage of the DC capacitor reaches stability, three-phase full-bridge inverter can output three-phase symmetrical AC voltage. The average power of the one-phase AC source equals to the power consumed by the three-phase symmetrical load, and the fluctuation of the power of the AC source corresponds to the charge and discharge of the capacitor on the DC side of the inverter. This circuit topology can achieve the conversion from one-phase AC source to three-phase symmetrical AC source when knowing three-phase load and can be used cooperatively with other circuits in some situations. In comparison to traditional scheme, a combination of one-phase rectification and three-phase inversion, the proposed brand-new topology requires less power electronic devices, as is more economically practical. As a final note, feasibility of the topology is verified through simulation.
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Schill, Steven, Susannah Burrows, Elias Hasenecz, Elizabeth Stone, and Timothy Bertram. "The Impact of Divalent Cations on the Enrichment of Soluble Saccharides in Primary Sea Spray Aerosol." Atmosphere 9, no. 12 (December 4, 2018): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9120476.
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Field measurements have shown that sub-micrometer sea spray aerosol (SSA) is significantly enriched in organic material, of which a large fraction has been attributed to soluble saccharides. Existing mechanistic models of SSA production struggle to replicate the observed enhancement of soluble organic material. Here, we assess the role for divalent cation mediated co-adsorption of charged surfactants and saccharides in the enrichment of soluble organic material in SSA. Using measurements of particle supersaturated hygroscopicity, we calculate organic volume fractions for molecular mimics of SSA generated from a Marine Aerosol Reference Tank. Large enhancements in SSA organic volume fractions (Xorg > 0.2) were observed for 50 nm dry diameter (dp) particles in experiments where cooperative ionic interactions were favorable (e.g., palmitic acid, Mg2+, and glucuronic acid) at seawater total organic carbon concentrations (<1.15 mM C) and ocean pH. Significantly smaller SSA organic volume fractions (Xorg < 1.5 × 10−3) were derived from direct measurements of soluble saccharide concentrations in collected SSA with dry diameters <250 nm, suggesting that organic enrichment is strongly size dependent. The results presented here indicate that divalent cation mediated co-adsorption of soluble organics to insoluble surfactants at the ocean surface may contribute to the enrichment of soluble saccharides in SSA. The extent to which this mechanism explains the observed enhancement of saccharides in nascent SSA depends strongly on the concentration, speciation, and charge of surfactants and saccharides in the sea surface microlayer.
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Sun, Haoyu, Hao Yin, Jiang Liu, and Xilong Zhang. "Preload Optimization Method for Traveling-Wave Rotary Ultrasonic Motor." Processes 9, no. 7 (July 5, 2021): 1164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9071164.
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Preload optimization is very important for ultrasonic motors’ design and application. In this paper, a novel method for a traveling-wave rotary ultrasonic motor is proposed. Firstly, based on linear regression and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the mapping between the drive characteristics, mechanical characteristics, speed stability, and preload of the traveling-wave-type rotary ultrasonic motor was established. Then, the characteristic curves of stalling torque, no-load speed, maximum efficiency, and speed stability with the change of preload method were measured with a new test platform. Finally, three traveling-wave rotary ultrasonic motors with optimized preload were used in a cooperative manipulator for validation. The experimental results showed that when the preload was optimized from 200 N to 310 N, the stalling torque of the motor increased by 20.7%, the maximum efficiency increased by 15.3%, the standard deviation of the speed decreased by 53.8%, and the no-load speed decreased by 5.5%. Therefore, it can be seen that the new preload optimization approach can significantly improve the performance indexes of ultrasonic motors and meet the practical requirements of direct-drive cooperative manipulators in engineering applications. The new preload optimization method offers advantages in motor output performance compared to conventional methods.
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Gross, Radosław. "Simple forms of agricultural cooperation as covert methods of collectivisation." Masuro-Warmian Bulletin 307, no. 1 (May 20, 2020): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.51974/kmw-134787.
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Along with the change in the agricultural policy in 1948 that was inspired by the Kremlin and imposed during the 2nd Cominform in Bucharest, the collectivisation of the rural area became a doctrinal issue in the agricultural policy of Communist states. Apart from the direct methods of collectivisation that concerned strong administrative and economic pressures towards the peasants, the authorities also undertook actions that were to introduce the production cooperatives in a more clouded manner. These included, among others, establishing self–help villages, joint agreements between the villagers and State Machinery Centres (Pol. Państwowe Ośrodki Maszynowe, POM) for machinery services for their fields, developing simple forms of agricultural cooperation in the arbitrarily created units for cultivation, grassland, farming, etc. These activities, aided by a system of con-cessions and preferences, brought certain results, especially towards the end of the discussed period. They prove the wide array of measures and methods used by the Communist authorities in their attempts at collectivisation.
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Caracas, Razvan. "A database of incommensurate phases." Journal of Applied Crystallography 35, no. 1 (January 22, 2002): 120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889801017083.
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A database of incommensurate phases is currently available at http://www.mapr.ucl.ac.be/~crystal/index.html. The present database offers a fast direct retrieval system for structural, physical and bibliographical data of incommensurate phases. The database contains data about inorganic, non-composite, non-magnetic and non-superconducting incommensurate phases only. Classification is according to the physical mechanisms responsible for the incommensurate phase transition. The main classes of incommensurate phases thus obtained are: theA2BX4dielectrics family, zone-centre lock-in transition phases, cooperative Jahn–Teller incommensurates, tetragonal tungsten bronzes, charge-density wave systems and miscellaneous incommensurate phases. The latter class, because of the lack of available data, is classified on a chemical basis in several subclasses: silicates, perovskites, Mn-bearing oxides, other oxides, group VI compounds, intermetallics and other compounds. The database contains a brief description of the main physical, chemical and structural features of each phase, as stated in the literature. This description is very material- and bibliography-dependent and it is preceded by the phase transition sequence.
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JIANG, YI, OLGA SOZINOVA, and MARK ALBER. "ON MODELING COMPLEX COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR IN MYXOBACTERIA." Advances in Complex Systems 09, no. 04 (December 2006): 353–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525906000860.
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This paper reviews recent progress in modeling collective behaviors in myxobacteria using lattice gas cellular automata approach (LGCA). Myxobacteria are social bacteria that swarm, glide on surfaces and feed cooperatively. When starved, tens of thousands of cells change their movement pattern from outward spreading to inward concentration; they form aggregates that become fruiting bodies. Cells inside fruiting bodies differentiate into round, nonmotile, environmentally resistant spores. Traditionally, cell aggregation has been considered to imply chemotaxis, a long-range cell interaction. However, myxobacteria aggregation is the consequence of direct cell-contact interactions, not chemotaxis. In this paper, we review biological LGCA models based on local cell–cell contact signaling that have reproduced the rippling, streaming, aggregating and sporulation stages of the fruiting body formation in myxobacteria.
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Amjad, Maliha, Omer Chughtai, Muhammad Naeem, and Waleed Ejaz. "SWIPT-Assisted Energy Efficiency Optimization in 5G/B5G Cooperative IoT Network." Energies 14, no. 9 (April 27, 2021): 2515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092515.
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Resource use in point-to-point and point-to-multipoint communication emerges with the tremendous growth in wireless communication technologies. One of the technologies is wireless power transfer which may be used to provide sufficient resources for energy-constrained networks. With the implication of cooperative communication in 5G/B5G and the Internet of Things (IoT), simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT)-assisted energy efficiency and appropriate resource use become challenging tasks. In this paper, multiple IoT-enabled devices are deployed to cooperate with the source node through intermediate/relay nodes powered by radio-frequency (RF) energy. The relay forwards the desired information generated by the source node to the IoT devices with the fusion of decode/amplify processes and charges itself at the same time through energy harvesting technology. In this regard, a problem with throughput, energy efficiency, and joint throughput with user admission maximization is formulated while assuring the useful, practical network constraints, which contemplate the upper/lower bounds of power transmitted by the source node, channel condition, and energy harvesting. The formulated problem is a mixed-integer non-linear problem (MINLP). To solve the formulated problem, the rate of individual IoT-enabled devices (b/s), number of selected IoT devices, and the sum-rate maximization are prosecuted for no-cooperation, cooperation with diversity, and cooperation without diversity. Moreover, a comparison of the outer approximation algorithm (OAA) and mesh adaptive direct search algorithm (MADS) for non-linear optimization with the exhaustive search algorithm is provided. The results with reference to the complexity of the algorithms have also been evaluated which show that 4.68×10−10 OAA and 7.81×10−11 MADS as a percent of ESA, respectively. Numerous simulations are carried out to exhibit the usefulness of the analysis to achieve the convergence to ε-optimal solution.
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Pacini, Lorenza, Laetitia Bourgeat, Anatoli Serghei, and Claire Lesieur. "Analysis of Nanoconfined Protein Dielectric Signals Using Charged Amino Acid Network Models." Australian Journal of Chemistry 73, no. 8 (2020): 803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch19502.
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Protein slow motions involving collective molecular fluctuations on the timescale of microseconds to seconds are difficult to measure and not well understood despite being essential to sustain protein folding and protein function. Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) is one of the most powerful experimental techniques to monitor, over a broad frequency and temperature range, the molecular dynamics of soft matter through the orientational polarisation of permanent dipole moments that are generated by the chemical structure and morphological organisation of matter. Its typical frequency range goes from 107 Hz down to 10−3 Hz, being thus suitable for investigations on slow motions in proteins. Moreover, BDS has the advantage of providing direct experimental access to molecular fluctuations taking place on different length-scales, from local to cooperative dipolar motions. The unfolding of the cholera toxin B pentamer (CtxB5) after thermal treatment for 3h at 80°C is investigated by BDS under nanoconfined and dehydrated conditions. From the X-ray structure of the toxin pentamer, network-based models are used to infer the toxin dipoles present in the native state and to compute their stability and dielectric properties. Network analyses highlight three domains with distinct dielectric and stability properties that support a model where the toxin unfolds into three conformations after the treatment at 80°C. This novel integrative approach offers some perspective into the investigation of the relation between local perturbations (e.g. mutation, thermal treatment) and larger scale protein conformational changes. It might help ranking protein sequence variants according to their respective scale of dynamics perturbations.
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Caldwell, Lynton Keith. "Is Humanity Destined to Self-Destruct?" Politics and the Life Sciences 18, no. 1 (March 1999): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400023509.
Full textAbstract:
As the twentieth century ends, we may identify both constructive and destructive trends that will influence the future of humanity. Which set of trends will dominate the future is uncertain. Attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors all interact to direct the flow of change over time. However, the options and constraints of human life are ultimately fixed by those cosmic elements of the environment over which humans have no control. The modern assumption of a world without end or limits risks collision with that obdurate reality. Facing threats to its long-term survival, humanity is challenged to learn how to build a sustainable future. A successful effort will require a concerted and cooperative effort among all fields of knowledge. This article identifies some of the trends that threaten humanity's future and suggests four lines of action that should be pursued in order to reduce the likelihood that humanity will destroy itself.
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Womer, Richard B., Ellen Tracy, Winson Soo-Hoo, Betsy Bickert, Susan DiTaranto, and Jane H. Barnsteiner. "Multidisciplinary Systems Approach to Chemotherapy Safety: Rebuilding Processes and Holding the Gains." Journal of Clinical Oncology 20, no. 24 (December 15, 2002): 4705–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2002.04.108.
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PURPOSE: The problem of medication safety came to public attention largely through a chemotherapy error, and the high toxicity and low therapeutic index of anticancer medications make safety in their prescription and administration critical. We have undertaken a thorough revision of our systems for inpatient chemotherapy. METHODS: We participated in a multi-institutional collaborative effort of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement, and used their rapid cycle change method. Particularly powerful systems change concepts were driving out fear, “trapping” errors and learning from them, focusing on outcome rather than on input, simplifying and standardizing, using constraints and “forcing functions,” reducing handoffs, and paying attention to human factors. RESULTS: Applying these concepts to our chemotherapy delivery system, we have achieved an 84% decrease in the number of chemotherapy errors that actually reach patients per 1,000 chemotherapy doses, and have sustained that improvement for 5 years. CONCLUSION: Factors contributing to our success include the rapid cycle change method, strong support from hospital administration, grassroots participation, and a tradition of interdisciplinary cooperation. Computerized direct physician order entry and cooperative group participation have had mixed effects. Continued efforts at improvement have been key to holding our gains. Although specific problems and changes may not be relevant to other organizations, the concepts and methods we used are generally applicable.
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Mugrib, Nuz Chairul, Dian Wahyunianto, and Sumarlam Sumarlam. "PEMARKAH DIATESIS DALAM BAHASA WOLIO." LEKSEMA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 3, no. 2 (December 6, 2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/ljbs.v3i2.1306.
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Wolionese language is the language spoken by the people in Bau-Bau, Southeast Sulawesi. The objective of this study is to describe active-passive voice of Wolionese that has not been widely studied. This study applied descriptive qualitative approachusing basic method, direct constituent division and advanced method form changing. The data were obtained by using cooperative method. The change of active sentence structure into passive sentence in Wolionese has its own pattern. Based on the data analysis of the active-passive voice of Wolionese, the result shows that Wolionese has specific markers attached in the verbs of the sentences to form or change from active voice to passive voice and vice versa. In the active voice, the markers found are ku-, ta-, u-, and a- that always be attached in the beginning of the verbs. They sometimes are also followed by -aka, -mo attached in the end of the verb. Meanwhile, in the passive voice there are also several markers found, they are -a, to- and i- that are attached in the end of the verb (-a) and in the beginning of the verb (to- and i-).
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Brophy, Laura S., Helene Murray, Larry S. Lev, Richard P. Dick, and Lorna M. Butler. "In the face of change: A rapid reconnaissance survey of Northwest horticultural crop producers." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 6, no. 1 (March 1991): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300003763.
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A rapid reconnaissance survey (sondeo) of twenty-five western Oregon and Washington horticultural producers was conducted using interdisciplinary interviewing teams and flexible on-farm interviews. The group interviewed included both certified organic and conventional farmers who are adopting innovative production methods. Our objectives were to determine the primary factors affecting the choice of farming methods, to identify growers' responses to these factors, to examine the effectiveness of the sondeo technique for gathering such information, to build a team for the longer-term studies, and to locate growers to participate in the longer-term studies. The growers shared characteristics that crossed organic-conventional boundaries. Less experienced growers identified practical crop management issues as their primary problems, while the more experienced ones were concerned with labor and regulatory problems. Most conventional growers were reducing their reliance on agricultural chemicals; organic producers generally used fewer agricultural chemicals, but many relied on organically certified insecticides. A primary regulatory concern among conventional growers was the loss of pesticide registrations for minor crops. Both organic and conventional growers were concerned about government regulation of farm labor, particularly increased paperwork and changing immigration law. Many growers attempted to provide good working conditions to retain a reliable labor force, but a few are mechanizing the harvest to reduce labor requirements. They were aware of the increasing public interest in the health aspects of agricultural methods and were responding with modified chemical use, direct involvement in public education, and membership in commodity groups, cooperative marketing groups, and other grower organizations. The sondeo was a fast and low-cost method for gathering information and provided team members with an interdisciplinary perspective that will be valuable in future research.
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Weijma, J., and A. J. M. Stams. "Methanol conversion in high-rate anaerobic reactors." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 8 (October 1, 2001): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0452.
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An overview on methanol conversion in high-rate anaerobic reactors is presented, with the focus on technological as well as microbiological aspects. The simple C1-compound methanol can be degraded anaerobically in a complex way, in which methanogens, sulfate reducing bacteria and homoacetogens interact cooperatively or competitively at substrate level. This interaction has large technological implications as it determines the final product of methanol mineralization, methane or carbon dioxide. The degradation route of methanol may be entirely different when environmental conditions change. Direct methanogenesis from methanol seems the predominant mineralization route under mesophilic conditions both in the absence and the presence of sulfate. Under thermophilic conditions methanol oxidation to carbon dioxide and hydrogen appears to play an important role. The UASB technology for mesophilic digestion of methanolic waste has presently reached full-scale maturity. The potential of methanol as feedstock for anaerobic processes is discussed.
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Susanti, Erna, and Dimas Perdana Oskar. "Penerapan Bauran Promosi Pada Saluran Distribusi Bagi Produk UMKM Di Kota Padang." EKONOMIKA SYARIAH : Journal of Economic Studies 3, no. 1 (October 24, 2019): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30983/es.v3i1.941.
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<p><em>Souvenirs shop plays important part in selling and introducing the SME’s product. This research purpose are to understand and to identify of how the souvenirs shop in Padang deal in the application of integrated promotional mix. This study uses qualitative descriptive method to 10 souvenirs shop in Padang, Padang Culture and Tourism Office, Padang Cooperatives and SME’s Office, and ASITA West Sumatra. Data collection method used were in-depth interview and focus group discussion. Their understanding in integrated promotional mix are identically expensive and have no direct impact in trading which this research try to change that mislead understanding. In general, the promotion mix </em><em>that </em><em>they </em><em>do is using visual media in the form of bilboard for advertsing, for sales promotion by providing product samples, giving discounts dan brochures. The ability of the resources owned which is still limited and still depends on the programs from related offices for the promotion of teir products.</em><em> </em><em></em></p>
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Kim, H., H. M. Kang, S. I. Choi, and S. Jeon. "Identifying relevant international forest regimes for South Korea based on their issues." International Forestry Review 22, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 438–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554820831255498.
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South Korea has focused on bilateral agreements to supply timber since the 1990s which requires cooperation with forest-related international organisations. This study analysed the relationship between South Korean and international forest regimes by identifying the issues these regimes face and analysing South Korea's contribution to these regimes. The study used data from an in-depth content analysis of key policy documents between South Korea and each of the regimes. The results confirm six forest-related international issues: Sustainable Forest Management, Sustainable Development Goals, forest land degradation and desertification, climate change, illegal logging, forest biodiversity, and species conservation. South Korea contributed to these regimes through cooperative initiatives and projects. This contribution, furthermore, directs other countries' participation to confront the issues. Most of the international forest-related issues in South Korea are derived from external elements such as international agreements or governances. South Korea also uses international regimes to encourage national goals.
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Charoensap-Kelly, Piyawan. "How much is too much? Effects of core concerns accommodativeness on emotion, credibility and integrative intention in supervisor-subordinate conflict negotiation." International Journal of Conflict Management 32, no. 4 (June 3, 2021): 574–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-08-2020-0137.
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Purpose This study drew on the core concerns framework (CCF) and communication accommodation theory (CAT) to examine the direct and indirect effects of manager core concerns accommodativeness on employee integrative (i.e. cooperative) intention through the mediating role of positive emotional change and manager credibility (i.e. competence, trustworthiness and goodwill). Core concerns accommodativeness refers to the degree to which one responds to another’s socio-psychological needs. Design/methodology/approach A quasi-experimental design was used. A total of 339 working adults from various industries in the USA took an online questionnaire composed of manipulations, closed-ended and open-ended questions. Quantitative data was analyzed using a series of mediation analyses and triangulated with qualitative data. Findings The results showed that both accommodating and overaccommodating manager messages significantly improved employees’ emotional state, perception of manager credibility and integrative intention more than the underaccommodating message. Importantly, the manager communication accommodativeness increases employees’ positive emotional change which heightened the employees’ perception of manager trustworthiness which then stimulated employees’ integrative intention. Qualitative data surprisingly revealed that the overaccommodating message was regarded predominantly positively. Originality/value The mixed-methods approach of this study added deeper insight into the role of communication accommodation and emotion in supervisor-subordinate conflict negotiation, extending both the CCF and CAT literature. The findings also inform managers about how to effectively use the core concerns.
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Dinar, Ariel, Shaikh Mahfuzur Rahman, Donald F. Larson, and Philippe Ambrosi. "Local Actions, Global Impacts: International Cooperation and the CDM." Global Environmental Politics 11, no. 4 (November 2011): 108–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00086.
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We examine the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) market as form of cooperative involvement between developing-host and developed-investor countries, likely to evolve into a form of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) with opportunities for further collaboration. We use three variables to measure the level of cooperation, namely number of joint CDM projects, volume of CO2 abatement realized from the CDM projects, and volume of investment in the CDM projects. We rely on international economics and international relations literature to suggest that the levels of economic development and institutional development, energy structures of the economies, country vulnerability to various climate change effects, political constraints, trade, and historic relations between the host and investor countries are good predictors of the level of cooperation in CDM projects. The main policy relevant conclusions include the importance of simplifying the CDM project regulation/clearance cycle as an essential policy option for further growth of joint CDM projects; improving governance structures in the host and investor countries that would lead to higher political stability and trust between the countries for business, including CDM; and strengthening trade or other long-term economic activities that connect the countries for fostering CDM cooperation.
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Johnson, Kathleen A., and Zheng-Yi Zhou. "Costs of Care in Hemophilia and Possible Implications of Health Care Reform." Hematology 2011, no. 1 (December 10, 2011): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2011.1.413.
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Economic evaluation in health care is increasingly used to assist policy makers in their difficult task of allocating limited resources. The high cost of care, including that for clotting factor concentrates, makes hemophilia a potential target for cost-cutting efforts by health care payers. Although the appropriate management of hemophilia is key to minimizing and preventing long-term morbidity, comparative effectiveness studies regarding the relative benefit of different treatment options are lacking. Cost-of-illness (COI) analysis, which includes direct and indirect costs from a societal perspective, can provide information to be used in cost-effectiveness and other economic analyses. Quality-of-life assessment provides another methodology with which to measure outcomes and benefits of appropriate disease management. Health care reform has implications for individuals with hemophilia and their families through changes in payment, insurance coverage expansion, and health care delivery system changes that reward quality and stimulate cooperative, team-based care. Providers will benefit from the expansion of insurance coverage and some financial benefits in rural areas, and from the expansion of coverage for preventive services. Accountable care organizations will potentially change the way providers are paid and financial incentives under reform will reward high quality of care.
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Markov, Leonid S., Vladislav B. Kurmashev, and Aleksey Yu Nizkovskiy. "Russian Cluster Policy in the Context of Cooperation." World of Economics and Management 19, no. 4 (2019): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2542-0429-2019-19-4-38-51.
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The paper studies a profound change in the Russian cluster policy at the federal level based on the analysis of regulatory framework. The work demonstrates virtual abandoning of cluster policies in all areas, i.e. winding-up direct support for industrial cluster projects and failure to start funding complex investment projects for the development of innovative territorial clusters which has even lost their normative basis for financing as well as to backup regional cluster development centers. The main reason for such a reverse is the lack of cooperation among the domestic clusters. At the same time, the main aim of the government efforts in the field of cluster formation and other related processes – stimulation of cooperation projects – has remained unchanged. In order to avoid setbacks in other initiatives for development of such cooperation, it seems advisable to introduce an extended classification of joint cluster projects, which in many ways determines the specifics of partnership relations. The proposed classification is based on the type of connectivity among the participants, the symmetry of the alliances and the organizational form of project implementation. It is shown that the domestic cluster policy deals with the most challenging type of cooperative projects.
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Doutrelant, Claire, Ambroise Dalecky, and Rita Covas. "Age and relatedness have an interactive effect on the feeding behaviour of helpers in cooperatively breeding sociable weavers." Behaviour 148, no. 11-13 (2011): 1393–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000579511x608701.
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Abstract In cooperative species, helpers often assist close relatives and kin selection is thought to be a major selective force underlying the evolution and maintenance of helping. However, in some cases helpers may be unrelated individuals, which require other types of explanation. Here, we used genetic analyses and observations of feeding behaviour to investigate the relationships between helping at the nest and relatedness in a species where helpers vary in their relatedness to the breeders, the sociable weaver, Philetairus socius. We also investigated the effect of age and breeding group size on feeding behaviour. We found no overall increase of feeding rate with relatedness. Instead, the relationship between helpers' feeding rate and relatedness changed with age. Yearling helpers, which were typically the offspring of one or both parents, did not feed significantly more often when more related to the nestlings or the breeding male or female but did bring larger prey when more related to the nestlings or breeding female. For adult helpers, contrary to the expectations of the kin selection hypothesis, the feeding rate and the size of the prey brought was negatively linked to their relatedness to the nestlings and the breeding female. These results suggest that the reasons for helping in this population change with age. Indirect benefits seem important for yearling helpers while direct benefits may influence the evolution and maintenance of helping behaviour in adult helpers.
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Valcour, P. Monique. "Managerial behavior in a multiplex role system." Human Relations 55, no. 10 (October 1, 2002): 1163–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/a028079.
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This article uses ethnographic data gathered from a parent cooperative nursery school to examine the strategies managers use to resolve role conflict in a multiplex role system, that is, a setting in which the relationship between managers and the people they supervise is based on more than one set of roles. In the organization under study, teachers functioned as both managers of, and service providers to, the parent volunteers they were charged with supervising. Parents' volunteer worker role was subject to conflict with and interruption by the expectations of their organizational client role, which constrained teachers' ability to direct parents' work in the classroom. Managerial effectiveness required responding to the demands and expectations of both sets of roles through a process of adaptive self-regulation. Teachers used several discrepancy detection strategies to gather information on parent volunteers' relative role salience, role transition readiness, and volunteer skills. Based on the information obtained, they devised discrepancy reduction strategies to focus parents' attention on the desired role for task performance and to reduce discrepancies between parents' expectations for managerial behavior and their own actions. The most effective teachers were able to develop personal relationships with parent volunteers, elicit knowledge about parents' role expectations and capabilities, and respond to the expectations of parents' multiple roles on an individualized basis.
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Johnson, Kathleen A., and Zheng-Yi Zhou. "Costs of Care in Hemophilia and Possible Implications of Health Care Reform." Hematology 2011, no. 1 (December 10, 2011): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/asheducation.v2011.1.413.3722509.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Economic evaluation in health care is increasingly used to assist policy makers in their difficult task of allocating limited resources. The high cost of care, including that for clotting factor concentrates, makes hemophilia a potential target for cost-cutting efforts by health care payers. Although the appropriate management of hemophilia is key to minimizing and preventing long-term morbidity, comparative effectiveness studies regarding the relative benefit of different treatment options are lacking. Cost-of-illness (COI) analysis, which includes direct and indirect costs from a societal perspective, can provide information to be used in cost-effectiveness and other economic analyses. Quality-of-life assessment provides another methodology with which to measure outcomes and benefits of appropriate disease management. Health care reform has implications for individuals with hemophilia and their families through changes in payment, insurance coverage expansion, and health care delivery system changes that reward quality and stimulate cooperative, team-based care. Providers will benefit from the expansion of insurance coverage and some financial benefits in rural areas, and from the expansion of coverage for preventive services. Accountable care organizations will potentially change the way providers are paid and financial incentives under reform will reward high quality of care.
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Caldwell, Lynton Keith. "Perspectives on the Self-Destructive Tendencies of Humanity: A Symposium Response." Politics and the Life Sciences 18, no. 2 (September 1999): 269–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400021456.
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A symposium has been defined as a collection of essays on a particular subject and as a philosophical or other focused discussion. It derives from a Greek origin meaning a drinking party. The focus of this symposium is on the published version of a plenary address given in Boston at the Eighteenth Annual Meeting of the Association for Politics and the Life Sciences, on September 4, 1998. The article, “Is Humanity Destined to Self-Destruct?” was printed in the preceding issue of this journal (1999a). Because not all readers of the present issue may have seen the article toward which the preceding commentaries are directed, a brief summary of its argument follows here:As the twenty-first century approaches, we may identify both constructive and destructive trends that will influence the future. Which set of trends will dominate is uncertain. Attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors all interact to direct the flow of change over time. However, the options and constraints of human life are ultimately fixed by those elements of the environment over which humans have little control. The modem assumption of a world without end or limits risks collision with the obdurate reality called “nature.” Facing threats to its survival, humanity is challenged to learn how to build a sustainable future. A successful effort will require a concerted and cooperative effort among all fields of knowledge. The threats are both “natural” and “societal.” Humanity is an inseparable part of its planetary environment. Chaos and conflict in human society, shortsightedness and indifferences, delay the cooperative action needed to move toward a sustainable future. We do not know how much time we have to avoid catastrophic collision with the hard realities of the planet Earth. This article identifies some of the trends that threaten humanity's future and suggests four lines of action that should be pursued in order to reduce the likelihood that humanity will inadvertently destroy itself.
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McNider, Richard T., John R. Christy, Don Moss, Kevin Doty, Cameron Handyside, Ashutosh Limaye, Axel Garcia y Garcia, and Gerrit Hoogenboom. "A Real-Time Gridded Crop Model for Assessing Spatial Drought Stress on Crops in the Southeastern United States." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 50, no. 7 (July 2011): 1459–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jamc2476.1.
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AbstractThe severity of drought has many implications for society. Its impacts on rain-fed agriculture are especially direct, however. The southeastern United States, with substantial rain-fed agriculture and large variability in growing-season precipitation, is especially vulnerable to drought. As commodity markets, drought assistance programs, and crop insurance have matured, more advanced information is needed on the evolution and impacts of drought. So far many new drought products and indices have been developed. These products generally do not include spatial details needed in the Southeast or do not include the physiological state of the crop, however. Here, a new type of drought measure is described that incorporates high-resolution physical inputs into a crop model (corn) that evolves based on the physical–biophysical conditions. The inputs include relatively high resolution (as compared with standard surface or NOAA Cooperative Observer Program data) (5 km) radar-derived precipitation, satellite-derived insolation, and temperature analyses. The system (referred to as CropRT for gridded crop real time) is run in real time under script control to provide daily maps of crop evolution and stress. Examples of the results from the system are provided for the 2008–10 growing seasons. Plots of daily crop water stress show small subcounty-scale variations in stress and the rapid change in stress over time. Depictions of final crop yield in comparison with seasonal average stress are provided.
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Dunay, Pál. "osce Conflict Management in Central Asia." Security and Human Rights 27, no. 3-4 (September 9, 2016): 479–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18750230-02703002.
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Conflicts and their management in Central Asia have never been prioritised by the osce although five states of the region are among its participating states. This has been due to that unlike in some other parts of the post-Soviet space most of the conflicts did not threaten with military escalation, and the intensity of strategic rivalry is less noticeable in this distant part of the osce area than closer to the heart of Europe. The fact Russia is not a direct party to the conflicts in Central Asia also reduces the interests of many participating states. There was one high intensity conflict in the region, the Tajik civil war that came too early for the osce. Lower intensity conflicts, ranging from border skirmishes, disputes about access to water, violation of rights of national minority groups, rigged elections are monitored and their resolutions are facilitated by the organisation. Some of them, like the 2010 Kyrgyz-Uzbek conflict had such short shelf-life internationally that no consensus-based inter-governmental organisation could have effectively intervened into it. The osce has been successful in conflict management when the party or parties also wanted to break the stale-mate that the Organization could facilitate. Domestic change in some Central Asian states is essential for advancing the osces cooperative security approach.
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Milinski, M. Scott. "Obstacles to Sustaining a Labor-Management Partnership: A Management Perspective." Public Personnel Management 27, no. 1 (March 1998): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102609802700102.
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Through a labor-management partnership, Fort Lauderdale had addressed a wide variety of service and workplace issues. Presenting a perceptive list of typical barriers to a labor-management partnership, the author exposes us to our own myths and internal obstacles as well as other difficulties to changing a labor-management relationship. Without minimizing the difficulties, this article makes it clear that the change can be made, but the fundamentals must be put in place. There are no cutting corners, and the partnership must be nurtured. The author makes us face up to the fact that the union and management have inherently different values and ways of conducting business and notes that these differences have to be understood and actually honored. Because labor-management cooperation will be a revolutionary change in most organizations, leadership on both sides will feel threatened by this shift. As a result, the author cautions us, it is necessary to pay conscious attention, among other things, to managing relationships, actively building trust and deciding where to initiate a labor-management effort. In a departure from the traditional view of a strict two-party relationship, the author points out the importance of alliances with others in the community who have a direct stake in the outcome of the partnership—or who have a stake in not having it go forward—and the importance of institutionalizing the partnership so that it is not just a function of a few individuals who have built trust. This article focuses serious HR professionals, managers and union leaders on what investment it will take to be successful in pursuing a cooperative labor-management relationship that produces real change in the service and cost results of a public agency. The presentation is simple and to the point. Parties seeking greater detail will find the Fort Lauderdale lessons echoed and elaborated in Chapter 4 of Working Together, the well-known Report of the Secretary of Labor's Task Force.
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Tello-Solis, S. R., and A. Hernandez-Arana. "Effect of irreversibility on the thermodynamic characterization of the thermal denaturation of Aspergillus saitoi acid proteinase." Biochemical Journal 311, no. 3 (November 1, 1995): 969–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3110969.
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The thermal denaturation of the acid proteinase from Aspergillus saitoi was studied by CD and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). This process seemed to be completely irreversible, as protein samples that were heated to temperatures at which the transition had been completed and then cooled at 25 degrees C did not show any reversal of the change in the CD signal. Similar results were obtained with DSC. Nevertheless, we were able to detect the presence of reversibly unfolded species in experiments in which the enzyme solution was heated to a temperature within the transition region, followed by rapid cooling at 25 degrees C. Accordingly, the denaturation of behaviour of the acid proteinase seems to be consistent with the existence of one (or more) reversible unfolding transition followed by an irreversible step. The van't Hoff enthalpy, delta HvH, which corresponds to the reversible transition was calculated from extrapolation to infinite heating rate as 310 kJ.mol-1. This parameter was also determined from direct estimation of the equilibrium constant at several temperatures (delta HvH = 176 kJ.mol-1). Comparison of the average delta HvH with the calorimetric enthalpy (delta Hcal. = 770 kJ.mol-1) gave a value of 3.2 for the delta Hcal./delta HvH ratio, indicating that the molecular structure of the enzyme is probably formed by three or four cooperative regions, a number similar to that of the acid proteinase, pepsin. It should be noted that a completely different conclusion would be obtained from a straightforward analysis of the calorimetric curves, disregarding the effect of irreversibility on the denaturation process.
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Dereniowska, Małgorzata, and Jason P. Matzke. "On Compromise in Radical Environmental Activism." Humanistyka i Przyrodoznawstwo, no. 24 (December 19, 2018): 9–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/hip.2595.
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Mainstream environmental groups have long been criticized by more radical activists as being too willing to compromise with industry and development interests. Radical groups such as Earth First! and Earth Liberation Front were formed as a reaction explicitly against perceived failures of mainstream groups. Although the radical activism employed varied from direct action in the form of aggressive civil disobedience coupled with eco sabotage, the tactics of the radical groups suggest two strands of movement. For example, the actions and demands of Earth First! seemingly fit their conviction that compromise is a betrayal of their moral convictions and results only in further deterioration of environmental protection, and the radical activism of this group can be seen to fit well within historically accepted norms of protest movements within constitutional democracies. In contrast, Earth Liberation Front does engage in what might be called ecoterrorism, a form of political violence. This article addresses the following emerging questions: Is an uncompromising approach an effective strategy for radical environmental activism in fostering positive environmental change? What is required of constructive democratic action? Can radical environmental activism be a resource for cooperative practices and coalition building? These questions relate to ecological justice, which is growing in importance as a paradigm that combines social concerns about the environment with issues of nature protection, thereby underlying the need for coordination of strategies and cooperation in order to bring about a positive change
In this paper, we examine the positions and arguments of some radical environmental activists and their detractors, and analyse their moral beliefs and political attitudes. We claim that “No Compromise” is not an acceptable strategy for environmental activism. In the analysis that follows, we are not suggesting naively that only warm fellow-feelings, congeniality, and an overt willingness to compromise are reasonable responses to powerful contravening force. We argue instead that when used, strong - and even perhaps sometimes illegal - direct action can be conceptualized and carried out in a way that does not hinder all opportunities for effective compromise, coalition building, and the like, that are ultimately essential elements of most successful protest movements. We build on Martin Benjamin’s claim that compromise need not always involve moral capitulation or failure, but can be integrity-preserving. It can, we believe, be an effective means of moving a pro-environmental agenda forward. Key to our argument are the distinctions between moral and political compromise, and the interrelations between moral and political community. Seeing oneself as a part of a larger community in which decisions must be made, and recognizing responsibility towards the members of a moral community (including humans and nature) is essential to a full appreciation and effective use of compromise. These considerations are anchored in an approach that constructively links participatory democracy and radical activism.
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Ajibade, Dare V., Puneet Dhawan, Adam J. Fechner, Mark B. Meyer, J. Wesley Pike, and Sylvia Christakos. "Evidence for a Role of Prolactin in Calcium Homeostasis: Regulation of Intestinal Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 6, Intestinal Calcium Absorption, and the 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1α Hydroxylase Gene by Prolactin." Endocrinology 151, no. 7 (May 12, 2010): 2974–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2010-0033.
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Increased calcium transport has been observed in vitamin D-deficient pregnant and lactating rats, indicating that another factor besides 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) is involved in intestinal calcium transport. To investigate prolactin as a hormone involved in calcium homeostasis, vitamin D-deficient male mice were injected with 1,25(OH)2D3, prolactin, or prolactin + 1,25(OH)2D3. Prolactin alone (1 μg/g body weight 48, 24, and 4 h before termination) significantly induced duodenal transient receptor potential vanilloid type 6 (TRPV6) mRNA (4-fold) but caused no change in calbindin-D9k. Combined treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 and prolactin resulted in an enhancement of the 1,25(OH)2D3 induction of duodenal TRPV6 mRNA, calbindin-D9k mRNA, and an induction of duodenal calcium transport [P < 0.05 compared with 1,25(OH)2D3 alone]. Because lactation is associated with an increase in circulating 1,25(OH)2D3, experiments were done to determine whether prolactin also has a direct effect on induction of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1α hydroxylase [1α(OH)ase]. Using AOK B-50 cells cotransfected with the prolactin receptor and the mouse 1α(OH)ase promoter −1651/+22 cooperative effects between prolactin and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 were observed in the regulation of 1α(OH)ase. In addition, in prolactin receptor transfected AOK B-50 cells, prolactin treatment (400 ng/ml) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 significantly induced 1α(OH)ase protein as determined by Western blot analysis. Thus, prolactin, by multiple mechanisms, including regulation of vitamin D metabolism, induction of TRPV6 mRNA, and cooperation with 1,25(OH)2D3 in induction of intestinal calcium transport genes and intestinal calcium transport, can act as an important modulator of vitamin D-regulated calcium homeostasis.
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Campone, Mario, Christina Isabella Herold, Qiuyan Wang, Vasiliki Pelekanou, Sylvaine Cartot-Cotton, and Bethany Ling. "Phase II preoperative window study of SAR439859 versus letrozole in post-menopausal women with newly diagnosed estrogen receptor-positive (ER+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): TPS1108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.tps1108.
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TPS1108 Background: Endocrine therapy targeting ER signaling is the standard of care for women with ER+ breast cancer. Selective ER degraders (SERDs) block ER signaling through dual competitive antagonism and receptor degradation. SAR439859, a potent, oral SERD, is in clinical development for ER+/HER2- breast cancer. This study is a 14-day preoperative non-therapeutic ‘window of opportunity’ trial to assess the direct effects of SAR439859 on tumor cell proliferation by evaluating the pharmacodynamic activity of SAR439859 in ER+/HER2- breast cancer. Methods: This international, open-label, Phase II randomized study (NCT04191382; ACT16106) evaluates SAR439859 at two dose levels versus the aromatase inhibitor letrozole by assigning 126 preoperative patients 1:1:1 to receive SAR439859 400 mg/day, SAR439859 200 mg/day or letrozole 2.5 mg/day. SAR439859 dosing is based on an ongoing Phase I/II study (NCT03284957; TED14856) in metastatic breast cancer (Campone. SABCS 2019. P5-11-02). Postmenopausal women with ER+/HER2- breast cancer indicated for immediate surgery (Stage I, Stage II or operable Stage III), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0–1 and Ki67 levels of ≥ 15% are eligible. Exclusion criteria include disorders potentially affecting absorption of SAR439859 or letrozole, and any prior therapy for breast cancer. Patients receive study treatment for 14 days, with the last dose given on the day before surgery. Paired tumor biopsies for assessment of biomarkers are performed at baseline and during surgery. The primary study endpoint is change in Ki67, a predictor of treatment benefit and long-term survival outcomes, after 14 days of treatment compared with baseline. Secondary endpoints include proportion of patients with ≥ 50% decrease in Ki67, ER expression to assess degradation, and safety. Pharmacokinetics of SAR439859, additional tumor markers, genomic mutation profile, Preoperative Endocrine Prognostic Index and pathological Complete Response will also be assessed. The study is currently recruiting; target enrollment: n = 126. Clinical trial information: NCT04191382 .
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MARTA, A. DALLA, D. GRIFONI, M. MANCINI, P. STORCHI, G. ZIPOLI, and S. ORLANDINI. "Analysis of the relationships between climate variability and grapevine phenology in the Nobile di Montepulciano wine production area." Journal of Agricultural Science 148, no. 6 (July 2, 2010): 657–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859610000432.
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SUMMARYClimate represents one of the main inputs necessary for plants to complete their vegetative–productive cycle, having a direct effect on the onset and duration of phenological stages and development of crops. Equally important are its indirect effects, affecting field operations such as the application of fertilizer, pruning and crop protection, finally determining the yield.In the present study, phenological stages of the Sangiovese grapevine for the production of Nobile di Montepulciano wine were analysed and related to historical series of meteorological information (since 1970 in Tuscany, Italy). Weather conditions were described through large-scale meteorological information; in particular geopotential height at the 500 hPa level (500 hPa GPH) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index were considered. All data were provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (NOAA-CIRES) Climate Diagnostics Center, Boulder, Colorado, USA, available from the NOAA-CIRES website (http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/) and processed by the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) Reanalysis Project. Conventional meteorological data, such as air temperature and cumulated rainfall, from ground weather stations were also used.The effects of meteorological parameters on crop phenology (bud-break, flowering and harvest time) were investigated by means of regression analysis, while teleconnections between phenological data and large-scale meteo-climatological data were analysed through correlation maps created using the interactive plotting and analysis link from the NOAA-CIRES website (http://www.cdc.noaa.gov). All correlations were calculated on a monthly to a multi-monthly basis, and also in relation to the different physiological stages of the crop, from 1970 to 2006.The climate change and variability impact on the crop was investigated by trend analysis of meteorological information and its effect on the onset of grapevine phenological stages.The results demonstrated that large-scale meteorological information has a significant effect on the onset of the phenological stages of grapevine. In particular, winter NAO was negatively correlated with bud-break and flowering dates, while GPH of February–March, March–May and May–September were negatively correlated with bud-break, flowering and harvest dates, respectively. The trend analysis demonstrated that the change and variability of climate, due to global warming, directly affects the development of grapevine leading to an anticipation of all considered phenophases.
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Lee, Joshua Y., Katherine M. Selfridge, Eric M. Kohn, Timothy D. Vaden, and Gregory A. Caputo. "Effects of Ionic Liquid Alkyl Chain Length on Denaturation of Myoglobin by Anionic, Cationic, and Zwitterionic Detergents." Biomolecules 9, no. 7 (July 8, 2019): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9070264.
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The unique electrochemical properties of ionic liquids (ILs) have motivated their use as solvents for organic synthesis and green energy applications. More recently, their potential in pharmaceutical chemistry has prompted investigation into their effects on biomolecules. There is evidence that some ILs can destabilize proteins via a detergent-like manner; however, the mechanism still remains unknown. Our hypothesis is that if ILs are denaturing proteins via a detergent-like mechanism, detergent-mediated protein unfolding should be enhanced in the presence of ILs. The properties of myoglobin was examined in the presence of a zwitterionic (N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecylglycine betaine (Empigen BB®, EBB)), cationic (tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB)), and anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)) detergent as well as ILs based on alkylated imidazolium chlorides. Protein structure was measured through a combination of absorbance, fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy: absorbance and CD were used to monitor heme complexation to myoglobin, and tryptophan fluorescence quenching was used as an indicator for heme dissociation. Notably, the detergents tested did not fully denature the protein but instead resulted in loss of the heme group. At low IL concentrations, heme dissociation remained a traditional, cooperative process; at high concentrations, ILs with increased detergent-like character exhibited a more complex pattern, which is most likely attributable to micellization of the ionic liquids or direct denaturation or heme dissociation induced by the ILs. These trends were consistent across all species of detergents. 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) fluorescence was further used to characterize micelle formation in aqueous solutions containing detergent and ionic liquid. The dissociation thermodynamics show that EBB- and TTAB-induced dissociation of heme is not significantly impacted by room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), whereas SDS-induced dissociation is more dramatically impacted by all RTILs examined. Together, these results indicate a complex interaction of detergents, likely based on headgroup charge, and the active component of RTILs to influence heme dissociation and potentially protein denaturation.
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Sripathy, Smitha P., Jessica Stevens, and David C. Schultz. "The KAP1 Corepressor Functions To Coordinate the Assembly of De Novo HP1-Demarcated Microenvironments of Heterochromatin Required for KRAB Zinc Finger Protein-Mediated Transcriptional Repression." Molecular and Cellular Biology 26, no. 22 (September 5, 2006): 8623–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00487-06.
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ABSTRACT KAP1/TIF1β is proposed to be a universal corepressor protein for the KRAB zinc finger protein (KRAB-zfp) superfamily of transcriptional repressors. To characterize the role of KAP1 and KAP1-interacting proteins in transcriptional repression, we investigated the regulation of stably integrated reporter transgenes by hormone-responsive KRAB and KAP1 repressor proteins. Here, we demonstrate that depletion of endogenous KAP1 levels by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly inhibited KRAB-mediated transcriptional repression of a chromatin template. Similarly, reduction in cellular levels of HP1α/β/γ and SETDB1 by siRNA attenuated KRAB-KAP1 repression. We also found that direct tethering of KAP1 to DNA was sufficient to repress transcription of an integrated transgene. This activity is absolutely dependent upon the interaction of KAP1 with HP1 and on an intact PHD finger and bromodomain of KAP1, suggesting that these domains function cooperatively in transcriptional corepression. The achievement of the repressed state by wild-type KAP1 involves decreased recruitment of RNA polymerase II, reduced levels of histone H3 K9 acetylation and H3K4 methylation, an increase in histone occupancy, enrichment of trimethyl histone H3K9, H3K36, and histone H4K20, and HP1 deposition at proximal regulatory sequences of the transgene. A KAP1 protein containing a mutation of the HP1 binding domain failed to induce any change in the histone modifications associated with DNA sequences of the transgene, implying that HP1-directed nuclear compartmentalization is required for transcriptional repression by the KRAB/KAP1 repression complex. The combination of these data suggests that KAP1 functions to coordinate activities that dynamically regulate changes in histone modifications and deposition of HP1 to establish a de novo microenvironment of heterochromatin, which is required for repression of gene transcription by KRAB-zfps.