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Popescue, Elizabeth Ashley. "Agreement of Peer Comparison Data Between Direct Behavior Rating Scales and Systematic Direct Observation Methods." DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1305.
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Recently, Direct Behavior Ratings have been shown to be a promising new tool for observing students and classrooms in an education setting for a variety of behaviors. The traditional method of observing students and classroom behavior was through tools called Systemic Direct Observations. Currently, there are only a few studies looking at the use of a Direct Behavior Rating as a device to collect peer comparison data to estimate classwide behavior problems. This study examined the estimated percentages of on-task and disruptive behavior between a Systemic Direct Observation with momentary time sampling and three random peers, a Systemic Direct Observation with momentary time sampling using the entire class, and a Direct Behavior Rating. Multiple undergraduate classrooms were taped and divided up into twenty-five 7-minute segments. The videos were then coded on all three of the observation forms with 100% reliability ratings. Results indicated that there was a strong relationship between the Direct Behavior Rating and the SDO classwide on-task estimates with 37% of the variance in the Systemic Direct Observation classwide data consistent with the Direct Behavior Rating data. There was a moderate relationship between the on-task Direct Behavior Rating and three-peer on-task with 13% of the variance in the Systemic Direct Observation data as a portion of the Direct Behavior Rating data. Results also showed that there was a significant correlation between Direct Behavior Rating both of the Systemic Direct Observation methods with 43% for the classwide Systemic Direct Observation and 39% of the three-peers Systemic Direct Observation variance consistent with the Direct Behavior Rating data. Implications and future directions were considered. The research yielded results that indicated that Direct Behavior Ratings might be a useful tool when evaluating classwide behavior, and that further research is warranted.
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Akers, John W. "A comparison of guided exploration and direct instruction computer tutors." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30996.
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Propheter, Jonathan L. "Direct comparison of biomass yields of annual and perennial biofuel crops." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1393.
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Campanini, Davide. "Comparison between Direct Tensile and Single Lap Shear for FRCM/SRG composites." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17203/.
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Negli ultimi decenni sono state sviluppati nuovi materiali e tecnologie per il rinforzo e la riabilitazione delle strutture esistenti. I sistemi più recenti per il rinforzo esterno ed il recupero strutturale sono materiali compositi costituiti da fibre raggruppate in forma di tessuto ed impregnate ed immerse in una matrice inorganica. Quando il tessuto è composto da fibre di aramide, vetro, basalto, PBO o carbonio, questi compositi sono comunemente definiti Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM), mentre, quando il tessuto è fatto da micro-trefoli di acciaio, sono definiti Steel Reinforced Grout (SRG).
In accordo con le rispettive normative, negli Stati Uniti le proprietà meccaniche dei compositi FRCM/SRG si misurano tramite una prova di tensione diretta su provini caricati utilizzando ancoraggi a forcella (clevis grip). In Europa, invece, si ricorre ad una prova di aderenza o single-lap shear su compositi applicati su un substrato cementizio o in muratura.
L’obiettivo di questa tesi è confrontare i risultati ottenuti mediante i due metodi di caratterizzazione sviluppando una campagna sperimentale su due diversi tipi di compositi: un FRCM con fibra di carbonio (CFRCM) e un composito SRG. L’effetto di tre diverse lunghezze di ancoraggio è stato studiato per il sistema CFRCM. L’influenza del numero di strati di tessuto è stata analizzata sia per il sistema CFRCM che SRG considerando uno o due strati.
I risultati mostrano che le differenti condizioni al contorno influenzano in modo significativo la caratterizzazione dei compositi. Per ottenere una misura rappresentativa delle proprietà meccaniche dei compositi FRCM/SRG, è richiesta una lunghezza di ancoraggio sufficiente. Questo studio contribuisce a sviluppare un database sperimentale che consenta la definizione di affidabili protocolli di caratterizzazione. Inoltre, fornisce informazioni rilevanti ai fini progettuali riguardo la lunghezza di ancoraggio adeguate e all’efficacia di applicazioni multistrato.
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Arney, Fiona Marie. "A comparison of direct observation and self- report measures of parenting behaviour." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37713.
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The importance of parenting behaviour as a risk factor for the development and persistence of externalising behaviour problems, and as a focus for early interventions, has led to a desire for the accurate measurement of parenting attitudes and practices. Several methods of measuring parenting behaviour have been employed in theoretical research and program evaluation, including self-report and observational measures. Both of these methods have advantages and limitations, but a systematic comparison of self-reports and observations of parenting behaviour has not been conducted. This study compared self- reports and observations of parental responsiveness and control in a sample of 68 parents of preschool children in metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia. Videotaped observations of parents interacting with their children in four set tasks (free play, drawing, pack-up and no distraction) were interval-sampled using behavioural items that paralleled self- report items on the Parenting Scale and the Child-Rearing Practices Questionnaire. In addition, parents completed questionnaires about their child's behaviour and temperament, and factors associated with parenting behaviour including parental psychopathology, social support, marital adjustment, disagreements about child-rearing and demographic characteristics. Reports of children's behaviour at preschool were also obtained from teachers. When the correlations between corresponding behaviour domains on the self-report and observational measures were compared, the only significant correlation was for parental warmth. Observations of parental control practices (such as permissiveness, inconsistency and overreactivity) were not significantly associated with self-reports of these behaviours. The observational system used in this study yielded observations of permissive and inconsistent parenting that had good validity and reliability, whereas self-reports of harsh and overreactive parenting practices were more validly and reliably assessed using self-report methods. Self-reports and observations of responsive parenting practices demonstrated results that are more equivocal. Possible explanations for these results and the implications for the use of self-report and observational measures in parenting research are discussed.Thesis (Ph.D.)--Department of Psychiatry, 2005.
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Hussein, M. K. "A performance comparison of direct sequence and frequency hopping spread spectrum systems." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372103.
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Van, Velden Johannes Stephanus. "Comparison of the optyse lens free ophthalmoscope with the conventional direct ophthalmoscope." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2898.
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Moller, Norma Katherine. "Direct and indirect aggression : a comparison of four cultural groups in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52236.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die primêre doel van die huidige studie was om kruis-kulturele verskille ten opsigte van direkte en indirekte aggressie tussen Xhosa, Zulu, Kleurling en Blanke Suid-Afrikaanse studente te bestudeer. 'n Totaal van 832 studente het die Richardson Conflict Response Questionnaire (RCRQ), 'n vraelys wat direkte en indirekte aggressie meet, voltooi. Die Kleurling-deelnemers het beduidend-hoër vlakke van direkte aggressie gerapporteer as enige van die ander groepe. Die Zulu-deelnemers het beduidend-hoër vlakke van indirekte aggressie as beide die Xhosa- of Kleurling-deelnemers gerapporteer. Geen beduidende geslagsverskille kon vasgestel word nie. Daar is tot die slotsom gekom dat kultuur 'n groter bepaler van verskille ten opsigte van aggressiewe gedrag was as geslag van die deelnemers. Daar word vertrou dat die resultate van die huidige studie 'n bydra sal maak tot die effektiewe bestuur van aggressie in Suid-Afrika, asook tot die bevordering van internasionale begrip vir die kulturele diversiteit van die land.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT : The primary aim of the present study was to examine cross-cultural differences in direct and indirect aggression between Xhosa, Zulu, Coloured and White South African students. A total of 832 students completed the Richardson Conflict Response Questionnaire (RCRQ), a measure of direct and indirect aggression. The Coloured participants reported using significantly higher levels of direct aggression than any of the other cultural groups involved. The Zulu participants reported using significantly more indirect aggression than their Xhosa or Coloured counterparts. No significant gender differences could be established. It was concluded that culture was more predictive of differences in aggressive behaviour than was sex of the participants. It is hoped that these results may contribute towards the effective management of aggression in South Africa and assist in promoting international understanding of the cultural diversity in this country.
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Zou, Xiaoyan. "Direct Comparison of P-Selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 and Sialyl Lewis X Adhesion." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1226692512.
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Ingvarsdóttir, Anna. "Comparison of direct air capture technology to point source CO2 capture in Iceland." Thesis, KTH, Kemiteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-289164.
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Det är välkänt att klimatförändringar på grund av global uppvärmning är en av de största kriserna som hotar jorden. Det är en enorm utmaning för mänskligheten att minska koldioxidutsläppen, den främsta orsaken till global uppvärmning. Enkelt genomförbara åtgärder är inte tillräckliga och teknik för att ta bort koldioxid från atmosfären anses nödvändig för att temperaturökningen inte ska överstiga de 1,5 °C som anges i Parisavtalet. Direkt infångning av koldioxid från luft (vanligen kallad direkt luftinfångning, (Eng. Direct air capture - DAC)) är en ny teknik som kan ta bort koldioxid direkt från atmosfären. För närvarande är denna metod dyr; upp till 1000 USD per ton avlägsnad koldioxid. Denna höga kostnad beror främst på den relativt låga koldioxidkoncentrationen i luften, vilket leder till att en stor anläggning behövs för att fånga upp gasen och därmed stora investeringar. Tekniken är mycket energiintensiv, antingen elektrisk eller termisk, och för att göra en direkt infångning effektivare, måste anläggningen drivas med energi som inte har några eller mycket låga koldioxidutsläpp. Energin på Island är billig och dess produktion innebär ett mycket lågt koldioxidavtryck. Syftet med arbetet i denna avhandling är att utforska om metoden för direkt infångning av koldioxid från luft kommer att vara en mer genomförbar metod än koldioxidinfångning från punktkällor (eng. point source - PS) på Island på grund av god tillgång till billig och ren energi. Lärandekurvan för direkt luftfångning studerades tillsammans med scenarier för metodens tekniska utveckling. Tre olika fall med punktkällor på Island studerades för jämförelse. Två olika direkta luftinfångningstekniker analyserades också, en som drivs av en stor mängd elektricitet och en som drivs mestadels av termisk energi. Det resulterade i att i bästa fall, där inlärningshastigheten är hög och tekniska förbättringar är signifikanta, så skulle produktionskostnaden för direkt luftinfångning (levelized cost of energy, LCOC) vara lägre än motsvarande för infångning från en punktkälla. Energikostnaden påverkar LCOC för DAC idag men med teknisk utveckling förväntas energibehovet minska och därför kommer energikostnadens påverkan att bli lägre. Det är dock fortfarande viktigt, med tanke på bidraget till att minska globala uppvärmningen, att energin som driver DAC-anläggningen har ett lågt koldioxidavtryck, vilket kan garanteras på Island. Tvärtom, om inlärningshastigheten för DAC-tekniken är låg och inga tekniska förbättringar sker i lösningsmedel eller sorbenter, är och kommer DAC-tekniken att bli dyrare än infångning från punktkällor om båda anläggningarna finns på Island. En hög inlärningshastighet och teknikutveckling är beroende av trycket att nå målen i Parisavtalet. Det är därför mycket viktigt för DAC att efterfrågan på koldioxidinfångning ökar. Dessutom har DAC mer potential att påverka klimatförändringarna eftersom DAC kan vara en kolnegativ teknik om den kombineras med permanent lagring av koldioxid. PS-avskiljningen kan endast vara en kolneutral teknik och detta om den kombineras med permanent lagring av koldioxid.It is well known that climate change due to global warming is one of the greatest crises facing the Earth. It is a huge challenge for mankind to reduce CO2 emissions, the major cause of global warming. Mitigation measures are not enough. Technologies to remove the CO2 from the atmosphere are considered necessary, so the temperature rise does not exceed 1.5°C as stated in the Paris Agreement. Direct air capture (DAC) is a new technology that can remove carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere. Currently, this method is expensive, up to 1000 USD per ton CO2 removed. This high cost is mostly due to the relatively low concentration of CO2 in the ambient air, leading to a large unit to capture the gas and therefore high capital investment. The technology is very energy-intensive, either electrical or thermal, and to make direct air capture more efficient the plant needs to be powered with energy that has no or very low CO2 emissions. The energy in Iceland is low cost and its production has a very low carbon footprint. This thesis aims to find out if the direct air capture method will be more feasible than a point source CO2 capture in Iceland due to good access to low-cost and clean energy. The learning curve for direct air capture was studied along with scenarios for its technological development. Two different direct air capture technologies were analyzed, one that is powered by a large amount of electricity and one powered mostly by thermal energy. Three different point source cases in Iceland were studied for comparison. For the best-case scenario, where the learning rate is high and technological improvements are significant, the levelized cost of direct air capture is lower than levelized cost of point source capture. The cost of energy affects the levelized cost of direct air capture today but with technical development, the energy needed is expected to go down, and therefore the effect of energy cost will be lower. However, it is still important, concerning contribution to reducing global warming, that the energy powering the direct air capture plant has a low carbon footprint, which can be assured in Iceland. On the contrary, if the learning rate of the direct air capture technology is low and no technical improvements occur in solvents or sorbents the direct air capture technology is and will be more expensive than point source capture considering both located in Iceland. The high learning rate and development in technology are dependent on the pressure to reach the goals of the Paris Agreement. It is therefore vital for direct air capture that the demand for carbon removal measures is enhanced due to pressure to reach the Paris Agreement goals. Furthermore, direct air capture has more potential to affect climate change than point source capture as direct air capture can be a carbon-negative technology if coupled with the permanent storage of CO2. The point source capture can only be a carbon-neutral technology if coupled with the permanent storage of CO2.
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Ramirez, Martinez Juan Carlos [Verfasser]. "A Comparison Analysis of Different Predictive Direct Current Control Strategies / Juan Carlos Ramirez Martinez." Aachen : Shaker, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1084536269/34.
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Fibbens, M. J. W. "The application of personal computers to direct comparison valuation : a residential mass appraisal investigation /." View thesis View thesis, 1993. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030610.165133/index.html.
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Czerwonka, Catherine. "A Comparison of Direct and Indirect Contingencies of Reinforcement for Teaching Advanced Receptive Skills." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4304.
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An important variable not often examined in the literature is the relationship between target behaviors and their reinforcers. Previous research has demonstrated faster acquisition rates of simple receptive and imitative skills when the reinforcer used was part of the behavior chain that it reinforced. The current study evaluated the effectiveness of a direct reinforcement contingency to teach pairs of advanced receptive skills with three children with autism. During the indirect reinforcement condition, the therapist reinforced correct responding by handing the child an edible reinforcer. During the direct reinforcement condition, the reinforcer was located under the container displaying the correct response. Results showed that no participant reached mastery criterion regardless of the reinforcement contingency, although slightly higher levels of correct responding were observed during the direct reinforcement phase for all three participants on one skill.
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Joosub, Asif. "A comparison of the tax efficiency of direct versus indirect investment into South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27262.
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Multinational enterprises are continuously in search of investment opportunities to grow their businesses. For over two decades South Africa, being one of the economic powerhouses of Africa, has been one such target for global investors. A company planning to invest in South Africa will attempt to identify the most appropriate way to do so, for tax and non-tax reasons. However, tax consequences are one of the main factors influencing the decision of an investor. While certain companies choose to invest directly into the target country, the majority choose to set up a holding company outside of the investor country. Such a company is known as an intermediary holding company and is defined as a company which is interposed between a shareholder and its foreign subsidiary. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the best manner, for tax purposes, in which a foreign company would invest into South Africa, either directly or indirectly through an intermediary holding company. Should the intermediary holding company option be selected, the company will then need to select the country in which to base its intermediary holding company. Tax havens are commonly used as a base for intermediary holding companies, however, these may not be the most advantageous option in all cases. Literature on intermediary holding companies and tax havens is reviewed and thereafter the study analyses and compares the tax efficiency of a hypothetical UK company investing into South Africa using different options. The options available to the UK Company which are compared, include investing directly into South Africa or investing indirectly through an intermediary holding company based in either Cyprus, Mauritius or the Netherlands, all of which are commonly used as bases for intermediary holding companies. The comparative study on the different intermediary holding company options is performed based on the domestic tax laws of each country as well as the effects of the double tax agreements in force between these countries and other tax jurisdictions. Thereafter, the most tax efficient intermediary holding company option is compared to the tax efficiency of direct investment by the UK Company and a conclusion is reached on which is the best manner for such a company to invest into South Africa, for tax purposes. AFRIKAANS : Multi-nasionale ondernemings is voortdurend op soek na nuwe beleggingsgeleenthede ten einde besigheidsgroei te bewerkstelling. Internasionale beleggers sien Suid-Afrika nou al vir meer as twee dekades as ʼn toetreepunt tot geleenthede in Afrika, vanweë Suid-Afrika se status as een van die ekonomiese reuse in Afrika. Maatskappye wat beplan om in Suid-Afrika te belê sal ondersoek doen om die beste moontlike beleggings manier te vind. Talle besigheidsredes, waarvan belastingimplikasies een van die hoofoorwegings is, sal die faktore wees wat ʼn potensiële belegger se besluitneming beïnvloed. Terwyl sommige maatskappye verkies om direk in die beleggingsland te belê sal die meeste maatskappye eerder in ʼn houermaatskappy buite die beleggingsland belê. So ʼn maatskappy staan bekend as ʼn intermediêre houer maatskappy en word gedefinieer as ʼn “tussenganger” maatskappy wat as geleibuis optree tussen die aandeelhouer en die buitelandse filiaal. Die hoofdoel van hierdie studie is om ondersoek in te stel na die beste metode, vanuit ʼn belastingoogpunt, vir ʼn buitelandse maatskappy om in Suid-Afrika te belê. Dit kan óf direk óf indirek deur middel van ʼn intermediêre houer maatskappy gedoen word. Indien die intermediêre houer maatskappy opsie gekies word, moet die maatskappy ook die land kies waarin die intermediêre houer maatskappy opgerig gaan word. Lande wat bekend is as belastingtoevlugsoorde word dikwels gekies om intermediêre houer maatskappye op te rig. Dit is egter nie in alle gevalle die mees voordeligste metode nie. Literatuur oor intermediêre houer maatskappye en belastingtoevlugsoorde word nagevors, waarna hierdie studie die belastingeffektiwiteit van ʼn hipotetiese Britse maatskappy, wat in Suid-Afrika belê, ondersoek deur gebruik te maak van verskillende opsies. Die opsies wat beskikbaar is en ondersoek sal word sluit in, direkte belegging in Suid-Afrika en belegging deur van ʼn intermediêre houer maatskappy gebruik te maak in Cyprus, Mauritius of Nederland. Al die vooraf genoemde lande is algemeen bekend daarvoor dat dit gebruik word om intermediêre houer maatskappye op te rig. Die verskillende intermediêre houer maatskappy opsies word met mekaar vergelyk, deur die belastingimplikasies van plaaslike belastingwetgewing van elke land, asook enige dubbele belastingooreenkomste van krag tussen hierdie lande en ander regsgebiede, te oorweeg. Die mees effektiewe intermediêre houer maatskappy opsie word dan vergelyk met die belastingeffektiwiteit van direkte belegging deur die Britse maatskappy. ʼn Gevolgtrekking word gemaak oor die metode wat die mees effektiefste belastinggevolge inhou vir ‘n Britse maatskappy wat in Suid-Afrika belê.Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
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Melin, M. C., E. Peltomaa, L. Schildt, and E. Lehtonen. "Where do people direct their attention while cycling? A comparison of adults and children." Elsevier, 2018. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72820.
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Cycling in urban environments requires the ability to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant targets quickly and reliably, so that potential hazards can be anticipated and avoided. In two experiments, we investigated where adults and children direct their attention when viewing videos filmed from a cyclist’s perspective. We wanted to see if there were any differences in the responses given by experienced adult cyclists, inexperienced adult cyclists, and child cyclists.
In Experiment 1, 16 adults (19–33 years) were asked to watch ten videos and to point out things they would pay attention to by tapping a touchscreen (pointed out locations). Afterwards, they were asked to explain their answers. In Experiment 2, 17 adults (19–34 years) and 17 children (11–12 years) performed the same task with the same ten videos, but they were not asked to explain their answers afterwards. The data sets from these two experiments were pooled, creating three groups: ten experienced adult cyclists, 23 inexperienced adult cyclists and 17 children. A total of 23 clearly visible, traffic-relevant targets (pre-specified targets) had previously been identified in the videos. We investigated whether the participants’ pointed-out locations matched these targets (and if so, how fast they responded in pointing them out). We also investigated the number and vertical/horizontal dispersion of these pointed-out locations on the touchscreen.
Adults pointed out more locations than children, especially pedestrians and cyclists. This result suggests that, while children focussed as well as adults on cars (arguably the most salient hazard), they were less able to identify other hazards (such as pedestrians or other cyclists). The children had also a larger vertical dispersion and a larger between-participant variation than the adults. Adults were faster at tapping the pre-specified targets and they missed them less often. Overall, the results suggest that 11–12 year old-cyclists have worse situation awareness in traffic than adults.
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Olafsson, Jonas. "Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Directly from Urine Samples : a Comparison between Standardised and Direct Disk Diffusion Testing together with Direct Species Identification using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation Time of Flight." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, NV, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-27645.
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Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a very common infection in humans and a majority is caused by Escherichia coli. UTI are commonly treated empirically. However, empiric treatment has become more problematic due to increased antibiotic resistance to commonly used antibiotic agents. It is therefore desirable with short turnover times for antimicrobial susceptibility testing and species identification to improve antibiotic treatment at an early stage. Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) can provide species identification faster than former routine methods. This study compared direct and standard susceptibility testing using disk diffusion on Enterobacteriaceae (EB) from urine samples. The possibility to standardise the inoculum for direct susceptibility testing via a pellet obtained by a series of centrifugations was also evaluated, as well as direct species identification with MALDI-TOF from the pellet. Results from direct susceptibility testing from urine samples with EB, performed either directly from the urine or with a standardised inoculum, correlated well to those obtained with standardised susceptibility testing using EUCAST disk diffusion methodology with few errors, of which most were associated with Proteus mirabilis. The concept of standardising the inoculum for direct susceptibility testing to 0.5 McFarland was labour intensive and did not improve the results further. However, direct species identification from the urine pellet using MALDI-TOF showed good correlation to routine identification. Of 238 samples, an EB was correctly identified in 148 samples using MALDI-TOF.
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Koch, Felix-Sebastian. "A direct comparison between mathematical operations in mental arithmetic with regard to working memory’s subsystems." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2694.
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This study examined the idea that each mathematical operation (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division) is mainly linked to one of the components of working memory as proposed by Baddeley. The phonological loop, visual-spatial sketchpad and central executive have been studied using a dual-task methodology with 7 different secondary tasks. 35 undergraduate and graduate students were timed in their response time for mental calculation and error rates were calculated. Results show clear differences of operations and of number pairs. Interaction between conditions and operations was just approaching significance. Results did not give support to the idea that operations can be linked to a certain working memory component. Several factors, such as language, problem size, lack for detail in the working memory model, difficulty of the secondary tasks, and internal validity problems are discussed with regard to the results and mental arithmetic.
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Libert, Florence. "Design, optimization and comparison of permanent magnet motors for a low-speed direct-driven mixer /." Stockholm, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-506.
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Haberlin, Alayna T. "A comparison of pyramidal staff training and direct staff training in community-based day programs." Scholarly Commons, 2006. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2704.
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This study evaluated two methods of conducting staff training. One method was a pyramidal training approach and the other method consisted of an outside consultant training the direct care staff. A group design consisted of two experimental conditions. In the first experimental condition, the supervisors of two community based day programs for developmentally disabled individuals were trained in the principles of applied behavior analysis and feedback techniques. The supervisors then trained their direct care staff in the material they had learned. In the second experimental condition, the direct care staff were trained in the principles of applied behavior analysis by the experimenter. The pyramidal training group was expected to show a quicker increase in the percentage of correct teaching procedures and show a longer maintenance of these skills. The results indicated that pyramidal training was more effective in teaching staff how to use correct teaching procedures with consumers in community settings. Also, the results showed that the pyramidal training group maintained the improvement in their teaching procedure at a 3-month follow up as compared to the direct staff training group. Pyramidal and direct staff training have not been compared directly in previous studies.
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Crozier, Richard Carson. "Optimisation and comparison of integrated models of direct-drive linear machines for wave energy conversion." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8988.
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Combined electrical and structural models of five types of permanent magnet linear electrical machines suitable for direct-drive power take-off on wave energy applications are presented. Electromagnetic models were developed using polynomial approximation to finite element analysis results. The structural models are based on simple beam theory, other classical techniques, and automated finite element analysis formulations. The machine models have been integrated with a time-domain model of a wave energy converter based on a heaving buoy. They have then been optimised using a genetic algorithm approach, using a score based primarily on the amortised cost per unit of energy production. The optimised designs have then been used for a comparison of the economic performance of the generator types.
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Baalen, Jacob Marinus van. "Noninvasive detection of lesions in the carotid artery bifurcation a comparison between direct and indirect techniques /." Assen [etc.] : Maastricht : Van Gorcum ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1987. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5355.
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Streit, Günther Arthur. "Comparison of the accuracy of direct versus indirect bracket placement in orthodontics: An in vitro study." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7304.
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Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of direct versus indirect bracket placement in orthodontics in a controlled setting. The more accurate the initial bracket placement is the less time will be required in terms of treatment. Accurate bracket placement can reduce the envelope of error in the three dimensions of vertical (incisal height, height of tooth), horizontal (mesial-distal) and angular (degrees incisal to root apex causing rotational irregularities) based on Andrews’ six keys to normal occlusion (Andrews, 1979). In this comparative experimental study, 10 Class I molar relation study models were selected from the researcher’s practice archives. Only the MBT pre-adjusted or angulated orthodontic brackets were used on manikins, followed by the use of 3D CAD CAM technology to evaluate the results against a pre-determined golden standard.
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Ogasawara, Takeshi. "Turbulent relative dispersion : self-similar telegraph model and its comparison with results of direct numerical simulation." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136726.
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Kobayashi, Katsuya. "Different Mode of Afferents Determines the Frequency Range of High Frequency Activities in the Human Brain: Direct Electrocorticographic Comparison between Peripheral Nerve and Direct Cortical Stimulation." Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/202676.
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Dubula, Vuyani Goodman. "Comparison of the accuracy of digital models obtained from scans of impressions versus direct intra-oral scans." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5606.
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Magister Chirurgiae Dentium - MChDMeasurements and a variety of analyses of dental casts are essential for precise diagnosis of an orthodontic case. Study models have long been an essential part of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Currently virtual computerized models are available to clinicians, supplemented by dedicated software for performing needed measurements (Zilberman et al, 2003). Digital impression methods are now available and intraoral digital scanning techniques make it possible to generate study models directly from the scanning of the dentition. The aim of this study was to compare measurements taken after scanning the dental impressions to the measurements obtained from using direct intraoral scanning of the dentition. Alginate impressions of the maxillary and mandibular dentitions were taken on 20 patients and these impressions were scanned using a 3 Shape R 700 TM scanner. Direct intraoral scans of both dentitions were then performed for the same patient. Ortho analyzer TM software was used to measure the mesiodistal widths of individual teeth, and the intercanine and intermolar on digital models of the scanned impressions and digital models obtained from direct intraoral scans of the maxillary and the mandibular dentitions. The results indicated that there were no statistically significant differences between mesiodistal widths, and intercanine and intermolar distances between the two techniques (p > 0.05). Because of the high level of accuracy of the virtual measurements compared to those of the scanned impressions, it can be concluded that direct intraoral scanning of the dentition can be used with confidence in the clinical situation to measure tooth sizes and inter-arch distances for orthodontic purposes. Orthodontists commonly use models for various areas in the practice, clinical research and medico-legal documentation (Marcel, 2001)
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Hernandez, Pete Jevon. "Response comparison of an optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter, a direct-ion storage dosimeter, and a thermoluminescence dosimeter." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2979.
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Roush, Grant Corwin. "Finding Cadaveric Human Head Masses and Center of Gravity: A Comparison of Direct Measurement to 3D ing." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1282766380.
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Hetherington-Rauth, Megan, Jennifer W. Bea, Vinson R. Lee, Robert M. Blew, Janet Funk, Timothy G. Lohman, and Scott B. Going. "Comparison of direct measures of adiposity with indirect measures for assessing cardiometabolic risk factors in preadolescent girls." BIOMED CENTRAL LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623119.
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Background: Childhood overweight and obesity remains high, contributing to cardiometabolic risk factors at younger ages. It is unclear which measures of adiposity serve as the best proxies for identifying children at metabolic risk. This study assessed whether DXA-derived direct measures of adiposity are more strongly related to cardiometabolic risk factors in children than indirect measures. Methods: Anthropometric and DXA measures of adiposity and a comprehensive assessment of cardiometabolic risk factors were obtained in 288, 9-12 year old girls, most being of Hispanic ethnicity. Multiple regression models for each metabolic parameter were run against each adiposity measure while controlling for maturation and ethnicity. In addition, regression models including both indirect and direct measures were developed to assess whether using direct measures of adiposity could provide a better prediction of the cardiometabolic risk factors beyond that of using indirect measures alone. Results: Measures of adiposity were significantly correlated with cardiometabolic risk factors (p < 0.05) except fasting glucose. After adjusting for maturation and ethnicity, indirect measures of adiposity accounted for 29-34% in HOMA-IR, 10-13% in TG, 14-17% in HDL-C, and 5-8% in LDL-C while direct measures accounted for 29-34% in HOMA-IR, 10-12% in TG, 13-16% in HDL-C, and 5-6% in LDL-C. The addition of direct measures of adiposity to indirect measures added significantly to the variance explained for HOMA-IR (p = 0.04). Conclusion: Anthropometric measures may perform as well as the more precise direct DXA-derived measures of adiposity for assessing most CVD risk factors in preadolescent girls. The use of DXA-derived adiposity measures together with indirect measures may be advantageous for predicting insulin resistance risk.
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Reinhard, Nancy A. "The effect of task complexity on user interfaces : a comparison of command language interface and direct manipulation interfaces." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26514.
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Sanghi, Shweta. "Membership Functions for a Fuzzy Relational Database: A Comparison of the Direct Rating and New Random Proportional Methods." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1366.
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Fuzzy relational databases deal with imprecise data or fuzzy information in a relational database. The purpose of this fuzzy database implementation is to retrieve images by using fuzzy queries whose common-language descriptions are defined by the consensus of a particular user community. The fuzzy set, which is presentation of fuzzy attribute values of the images, is determined through membership function. This paper compares two methods of constructing membership functions, the Direct Rating and New Random Proportional, to determine which method gives maximum users satisfaction with minimum feedback from the community. The statistical analysis of results suggests the use of Direct Rating method. Moreover, the analysis shows that the performance of the New Random Proportional method can be improved with the inclusion of a "Not" modifier. This paper also identifies and analyzes issues that are raised by different versions of the database system.
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O'Neill, Sean J. "A direct comparison of three prompt delay procedures in children and young people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)." Thesis, Ulster University, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.667774.
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Galliger, Courtney C. "To be or not to be-- motivated a comparison of students' goal orientation within direct instruction and constructivist schools /." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1237475910.
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Witmer, Jordan Richard. "Role of Leu[superscript B]¹⁰ in cytoglobin and comparison of direct and indirect measurements of hexacoordinate hemoglobin ligand affinity." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.
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Al, Naami Mahdi. "Thermal Conversion of MSW a Comparison of the System Performance : Direct Combustion Versus Conversion Through Syngas in CHP Plant." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-170858.
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This thesis is a study comparing two different thermal conversion paths for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). The comparison will be focused on technical, economic and emission aspects. One path is the direct incineration of the MSW. Meanwhile the other consists of submitting the MSW to the process of gasification obtaining syngas which will be used for the production of energy. The thermal conversion is produced in a Combined Heat and Power system (CHP-system) looking at the economic, emission and technical aspects. CHP-incineration plant produces heat and power from mass burning MSW directly without pre-treatment and CHP-gasification plant produces heat and power from converting MSW to syngas in a gasifier and then use the syngas to produce heat and electricity. To get the result of the objective, the following questions have been answered: What is the overall economic performance of the two thermal conversion paths? What are the differences in emission depending on the path selected? What is the overall efficiency? The results shows that the most profitable thermal conversion path is directly incinerated MSW in the CHP-incineration since it is a more mature technology and therefore the costs of applying it are much less than applying the other alternative, however there are other economic cases that is the opposite. In case of pollution, thermal conversion of MSW into syngas for production of heat and power is much more environmental friendly and in case of the overall efficiency is the thermal conversion of MSW into syngas higher.Detta projekt är en studie som jämför två olika termiska omvandlingsvägar för kommunalt fast avfall (MSW). Jämförelsen kommer att inriktas på tekniska, ekonomiska aspekter. Den ena omvandlingsvägen är direkt förbränning av kommunalt avfall. Den andra omvandlingsvägen är att förvandla MSW till syntes gas som kommer att användas för produktion av värme och elektricitet. Den termiska omvandlingen händer i en Combined Heat and Power system (CHP-system) och från systemet undersöks de ekonomiska och tekniska aspekterna. CHP-förbränningsanläggning producerar el och värme från att massbränna MSW direkt utan sortering och CHP-förgasningsanläggning producerar el och värme från att förvandla MSW till syntes gas i en förgasare och sedan använda syntesgasen för att producera värme och el. För att få ett resultat av målet har följande frågor besvarats: Vad är den övergripande ekonomiska prestationen i de två vägarna? Vilka är skillnaderna i utsläpp beroende på termisk omvandlings väg? Vad är den totala effektiviteten? Resultaten visar att det mest lönsamma termiska omvandlingsvägen är att direkt förbränna MSW i CHP-förbränning, eftersom det är en mer mogen teknik och därmed kostnaderna för att installera och när den är i drift är mycket mindre än att tillämpa det andra alternativet, men i de andra aspekterna är det motsatta. Vid förorening, är termisk omvandling av MSW till syntes gas för produktion av värme och kraft mycket mer miljövänligare och i fallet med den totala effektiviteten är den termiska omvandlingen av kommunalt avfall till syntes gas är högre och bättre.
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Escribano, Cebrián Pedro. "Thermal Conversion of MSW a Comparison of the System Performance : Direct Combustion Versus Conversion Through Syngas in CHP Plant." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-170859.
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This thesis is a study comparing two different thermal conversion paths for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). The comparison will be focused on technical, economic and emission aspects. One path is the direct incineration of the MSW. Meanwhile the other consists of submitting the MSW to the process of gasification obtaining syngas which will be used for the production of energy. The thermal conversion is produced in a Combined Heat and Power system (CHP-system) looking at the economic, emission and technical aspects. CHP-incineration plant produces heat and power from mass burning MSW directly without pre-treatment and CHP-gasification plant produces heat and power from converting MSW to syngas in a gasifier and then use the syngas to produce heat and electricity. To get the result of the objective, the following questions have been answered: What is the overall economic performance of the two thermal conversion paths? What are the differences in emission depending on the path selected? What is the overall efficiency? The results shows that the most profitable thermal conversion path is directly incinerated MSW in the CHP-incineration since it is a more mature technology and therefore the costs of applying it are much less than applying the other alternative, however there are other economic cases that is the opposite. In case of pollution, thermal conversion of MSW into syngas for production of heat and power is much more environmental friendly and in case of the overall efficiency is the thermal conversion of MSW into syngas higher.Detta projekt är en studie som jämför två olika termiska omvandlingsvägar för kommunalt fast avfall (MSW). Jämförelsen kommer att inriktas på tekniska, ekonomiska aspekter. Den ena omvandlingsvägen är direkt förbränning av kommunalt avfall. Den andra omvandlingsvägen är att förvandla MSW till syntes gas som kommer att användas för produktion av värme och elektricitet. Den termiska omvandlingen händer i en Combined Heat and Power system (CHP-system) och från systemet undersöks de ekonomiska och tekniska aspekterna. CHP-förbränningsanläggning producerar el och värme från att massbränna MSW direkt utan sortering och CHP-förgasningsanläggning producerar el och värme från att förvandla MSW till syntes gas i en förgasare och sedan använda syntesgasen för att producera värme och el. För att få ett resultat av målet har följande frågor besvarats: Vad är den övergripande ekonomiska prestationen i de två vägarna? Vilka är skillnaderna i utsläpp beroende på termisk omvandlings väg? Vad är den totala effektiviteten? Resultaten visar att det mest lönsamma termiska omvandlingsvägen är att direkt förbränna MSW i CHP-förbränning, eftersom det är en mer mogen teknik och därmed kostnaderna för att installera och när den är i drift är mycket mindre än att tillämpa det andra alternativet, men i de andra aspekterna är det motsatta. Vid förorening, är termisk omvandling av MSW till syntes gas för produktion av värme och kraft mycket mer miljövänligare och i fallet med den totala effektiviteten är den termiska omvandlingen av kommunalt avfall till syntes gas är högre och bättre.
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Rasmussen, Samantha. "Predicting feed efficiency in beef cattle; a comparison of direct measures, expected progeny differences, and single nucleotide polymorphism methodologies." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2685.
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Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) methodology is being used as a means to determine genetic merit in beef cattle by interrogating animal genomes and associating the findings with performance traits. The ability to predict future trait performance is highly attractive to beef cattle producers as they can make important management and financial decisions earlier and with more certainty. To fully realize the potential of SNP testing technology the methodology must be vetted to assure producer confidence. The purpose of this project is to assess three sources of information for beef cattle trait assessment. These information sources are: SNP testing, Expected Progeny Differences (EPDs) and direct animal measures. To conduct this study, young beef bulls (n=181) consigned to the SIU Beef Evaluation Station were utilized in an 84-day period to obtain direct measures. The SIU Beef Evaluation Station uses the Calan-Broadbent confinement feeding system which allows researchers to monitor individual animal feed intake and weight gain. Feed efficiency traits are important to the cattle industry since feed is generally among the largest input cost to producers. The evaluation of bulls also assesses reproductive and carcass traits which are also important to the producer’s financial success.Individual animal performance information was sent to the bull’s respective breed association for determination of EPD’s. Blood samples were submitted to a commercial company for SNP testing (Igentiy Gold and Igenity Beef Profile, Neogen, Lincoln, NE). Data was analyzed using pairwise comparisons by source of information. Pearson correlations were used to determine the direction and the strength for sources of information to vary together. Data was determined to be correlated when the correlation coefficient was 0.3 < r < - 0.3. No correlation was observed between RFISIU :RFINEO (r = 0.042), RFINEO:F/GSIU (r = - 0.09), RFISIU:ADGNEO (r = 0.091), RFISIU:ADGSIU (r = - 0.039), RFINEO:ADGNEO (r = 0.236), BWNEO:BWSIU (r = 0.115), FRAMESIU:BWSIU (r = 0.111), FRAMESIU:BWEPD (r = 0.159), FRAMESIU:ADGSIU (r = 0.148), FRAMESIU:ADGNEO (r = -0.005), BWSIU:BWEPD (r = 0.256), and BWNEO:BWEPD (r = 0.226). Correlations were observed between RFISIU:F/GSIU (r = 0.455), ADGSIU :ADGNEO (r = 0.353), and FRAMESIU:BWNEO (r = 0.326).This study determined that beef bulls should continue to be performance tested due to discrepancies between sources of information for key animal performance traits. Assessment of SNPs used in the commercial test should continue.
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Galliger, Courtney Carroll. "To Be Or Not To Be…Motivated: A Comparison Of Students' Goal Orientation Within Direct Instruction And Constructivist Schools." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1237475910.
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Wright, Nathan Victor. "Comparison of Vascular Pulsatility in the Native Beating Heart versus Direct Mechanical Ventricular Actuation Support of the Fibrillating Heart." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1461580613.
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Chen, Jenny X. "Hearing the Light: A Behavioral and Neurophysiological Comparison of Two Optogenetic Strategies for Direct Excitation of Central Auditory Pathways." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:27007736.
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For deaf individuals with absent/damaged cochleae or auditory nerves, the auditory brainstem implant (ABI) is the only option to restore hearing. However, most ABI users have only sound awareness without meaningful speech comprehension. These electrical implants are limited by crosstalk between neighboring electrodes that indiscriminately activates large groups of neurons. In contrast, optogenetics provides a means to manipulate neural circuits with temporal and spatial precision by using light to activate genetically modified neurons expressing light-gated ion channels called channelrhodopsins. However, central auditory neurons fire at speeds that exceed the limits of most available channelrhodopsins. In this study, we explored the feasibility of an optogenetic auditory prosthesis by infecting neurons of the murine inferior colliculus (ICc) with viruses expressing standard channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) and Chronos, a newly discovered opsin with ultra-fast channel kinetics.
Through extracellular in vivo recordings in the ICc, we found that while ChR2-driven neurons can synchronize stimulation rates up to nearly 80 Hz, neurons infected with Chronos entrained pulses as fast as 200 Hz, approximating the synchronization limit for natural acoustic input in the midbrain. Optical stimulation of Chronos at rates as high as 300 Hz evoked minimally-adapting responses, although spikes were no longer fully synchronized. Chronos mediated responses support a superior code for the detection and discrimination of high pulse rates as compared with ChR2.
It was hypothesized that this improved temporal fidelity might translate into better behavioral detection of optogenetic stimulation. After unilateral ICc injections of saline or viral constructs, mice were trained to perform an auditory avoidance task. An optic fiber assembly was implanted into the injected ICc and the detection task was repeated with photostimulation in the place of acoustic input. Chronos and ChR2 expressing mice exhibited similar detection slopes, while saline injected animals performed at chance.
These findings suggest that while Chronos can transform a range of stimulation patterns with higher accuracy compared with ChR2, this does not translate into a perceptual advantage. This project has implications for both the future design of auditory prostheses and our understanding of signal processing in central auditory pathways.
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Fillion, Bergeron Marianne. "Plasmid isolation and purification by electrofiltration and comparison of different direct colony sequencing methods and PCR-based sequencing methods." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6050.
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We have designed an electrophoresis system that can purify plasmid DNA from a culture without centrifugation. This system is based on electrofiltration where bacterial cell lysates are loaded in one chamber and the purified plasmid DNA is recovered in an adjacent chamber. These two chambers are separated by a membrane made of regenerated cellulose, which allows plasmid DNA to migrate to the recovery chamber while retaining most contaminants in the loading chamber. Unfortunately, even with the optimization of the parameters involved in the electrofiltration, the only DNA that can pass through the middle membrane still has some contaminants, which prevent sequencing of the plasmid. Our results have shown that a pure plasmid cannot cross a membrane with pores small enough to prevent the migration of most of the contaminants. Only a plasmid complexed with some contaminants can cross a small pore membrane. In parallel, we have compared six direct sequencing methods that do not require any plasmid purification prior to the sequencing reaction. We compared the reliability, quality of sequences, time required, and cost of these six methods. We found that the best method was that of Zhang et al. (1999). This method is fast, reliable, produces good quality sequences and is inexpensive. The performance of this method is due to the amount of ABI's ready reaction mix used, the pre-sequencing heating step to lyse the cell, the large volume of the PCR sequencing reaction and the addition of BSA.
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Hausler, Melanie. "Assessment of vegetation parameters in olive trees in the region of Alentejo. A comparison of direct and indirect methods." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4004.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaVegetation parameters, as the leaf area index (LAI) and the ground cover (GC) are commonly related to biosphere processes, being used in models to estimate yield and crop water requirements. Several direct and indirect methods have been developed in the past decades to determine the LAI. However, a simple approach to assess this parameter is still missing. In this study we tested the operability and precision of different methods to calculate the LAI of 6 and 20 year old olive trees (Arbequina and Cobrançosa), under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions in the region of Alentejo. The average LAI on a projected area basis was estimated to be 5.88 and 2.75 m2 m-2 at the irrigated and non-irrigated sites, respectively, corresponding to 1.01 and 1.05 m2 m-2 on a total area basis. Furthermore, a tool was introduced to simplify the decision making between the use of the LAI and the GC. The determination of the GC is much easier than the LAI in practical uses. The average GC was 5.7 m2 under irrigated and 18.0 m2 under non-irrigated conditions. A detailed comparison between direct and indirect methods is given and the future prospective of the decision making tool is discussed.
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Čermáková, Markéta. "Analýza obvyklé ceny bytových jednotek v Chrudimi na základě vlivu lokality." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-390156.
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The diploma thesis deals with the state of the real estate market with the residential units in new buildings of the apartment buildings in Chrudim. The target of the thesis is to determine the influence on the price of residential units of the given locality and how the influence of prices on the other factors and to evaluate the influence of the location on a larger scale, by comparing the prices of residential units in new buildings in different cities. The theoretical part of the diploma thesis is focused on the topic of valuation. Practical then by describing localities and their differences and comparing the prices of the residential units.
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Nasr, Kamil. "Comparison of Popular Data Processing Systems." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-293494.
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Data processing is generally defined as the collection and transformation of data to extract meaningful information. Data processing involves a multitude of processes such as validation, sorting summarization, aggregation to name a few. Many analytics engines exit today for largescale data processing, namely Apache Spark, Apache Flink and Apache Beam. Each one of these engines have their own advantages and drawbacks. In this thesis report, we used all three of these engines to process data from the Carbon Monoxide Daily Summary Dataset to determine the emission levels per area and unit of time. Then, we compared the performance of these 3 engines using different metrics. The results showed that Apache Beam, while offered greater convenience when writing programs, was slower than Apache Flink and Apache Spark. Spark Runner in Beam was the fastest runner and Apache Spark was the fastest data processing framework overall.Databehandling definieras generellt som insamling och omvandling av data för att extrahera meningsfull information. Databehandling involverar en mängd processer som validering, sorteringssammanfattning, aggregering för att nämna några. Många analysmotorer lämnar idag för storskalig databehandling, nämligen Apache Spark, Apache Flink och Apache Beam. Var och en av dessa motorer har sina egna fördelar och nackdelar. I den här avhandlingsrapporten använde vi alla dessa tre motorer för att bearbeta data från kolmonoxidens dagliga sammanfattningsdataset för att bestämma utsläppsnivåerna per område och tidsenhet. Sedan jämförde vi prestandan hos dessa 3 motorer med olika mått. Resultaten visade att Apache Beam, även om det erbjuds större bekvämlighet när man skriver program, var långsammare än Apache Flink och Apache Spark. Spark Runner in Beam var den snabbaste löparen och Apache Spark var den snabbaste databehandlingsramen totalt.
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Comeaux, Brian. "A Comparison of Instructional Strategies: Does How You Teach Mathematics Matter?" ScholarWorks@UNO, 2018. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/honors_theses/123.
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For most of the twentieth and all the twenty-first century, there has been a great debate over educational reform for teaching mathematics. From these debates have come a critical look at how to properly instruct students so they can actively learn in the classroom, yet still retain the information for use in their later life. These questions are rooted in the larger debate between philosophical and psychological dimensions of human growth and development. Some educators, therefore, believe structuring their instruction around some philosophies such as idealism, realism, pragmatism, or existentialism was the key to success for their students. Others took the psychological approach and featured behaviorist or cognitive ideas in their teaching. Most feel that the approaches to psychology reflect these philosophical and psychological theories. These positions have resulted in the emergence of specific suggested teaching strategies that each proponent believes provide the solutions to the dilemma of how to best educate today’s students. This study examines what effect two different instructional strategies have on student acquisition of mathematical concepts and procedures.
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Cocking, Christopher. "Raising awareness of global environmental change : a comparison of perceived efficacy of involvement in direct and indirect environmental collective action." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298147.
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Olson, Jeffrey C. "Comparison of Patient Factors Influencing the Selection of an Orthodontist, General Dentist, or Direct-To-Consumer Aligners for Orthodontic Treatment." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5766.
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Purpose: To evaluate the factors that influence potential orthodontic patients choosing between an orthodontist, general dentist, and direct-to-consumer (DTC) aligners for their treatment, and to determine the demand for each provider type.
Methods: An electronic survey was administered to 250 individuals among the general population of adults in the United States. Questions were designed to determine the respondent’s level of interest in pursuing orthodontic treatment with each provider type, evaluate their current level of knowledge concerning provider options, and identify factors influencing their selection. Pearson’s chi-squared test and ANOVA were used to evaluate the factors influencing patients in their selection.
Results: When asked their preference in provider type, 43.8% of respondents selected orthodontist, 34.1% selected DTC aligners, and 22.1% selected general dentist. Among respondents with the highest level of interest in pursuing orthodontic treatment, 50% selected an orthodontist and 27% selected DTC aligners. For respondents with moderate levels of interest in pursuing treatment, only 21% selected an orthodontist and 48% selected DTC aligners. The biggest perceived advantage of treatment with an orthodontist was quality of treatment, and the biggest disadvantage was cost. For DTC aligners, the biggest perceived advantage was convenience, followed by cost, and the biggest disadvantage was quality of treatment. Among adults with children, 34% selected DTC aligners for themselves and only 16% selected DTC aligners when selecting for their children.
Conclusion: Adults in the United States have similar levels of interest in pursuing orthodontic treatment with orthodontists and DTC aligners and, to a lesser degree, general dentists. A significant portion of those who select DTC aligners for their treatment are patients who would not have otherwise undergone treatment with an orthodontist. Patients tend to select orthodontists due to quality of treatment, whereas DTC aligners are selected due to convenience, followed by cost. Even among parents who prefer DTC aligners for their own treatment, parents tend to select an orthodontist for their child’s treatment.
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Mangus, Jessie Yvonne. "A comparison of the effectiveness of vocabulary strategies in the acquisistion of vocabulary by low-ability secondary students : context versus direct." Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722781.
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This study examined the effectiveness of the context and the direct vocabulary strategies in the acquisition of vocabulary by secondary students. Forty-eight low-ability tenth grade and eleventh grade students were divided into either the direct or context treatment group. One hundred sixty words were presented over a period of sixteen weeks using either the direct or the context vocabulary strategy. A pretest and a post test of fifty randomly selected words from the one hundred sixty words taught were administered to determine any gains in vocabulary acquisition by the students in the two treatment groups. A multivariate analysis of covariance indicated that there was no significant difference in the two different vocabulary strategies of context and direct in the acquisition of vocabulary by low-ability secondary students.Department of Elementary Education
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Welderufael, W. A., and Y. E. Woyessa. "Stream flow analysis and comparison of methods for base flow separation : case study of the Modder River basin in central South Africa." Interim : Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol 8, Issue 2: Central University of Technology Free State Bloemfontein, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/375.
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Published ArticleA stream flow at an outlet of a catchment can be entirely a base flow or direct flow or a combination of both. The base flow component of a stream is mainly contributed from the ground water storage which often is an open aquifer whereas the direct flow component is mainly the result of a direct response of a rainfall event. The Upper Modder river basin catchment is considered to be the origin of the Modder River which supplies water to Rustfontein Dam, situated at the outlet of the C52A with an area of 928 km2. Nine years of daily stream flow showed a continuous none zero discharge throughout the year. During the rainy season the discharge of the stream increases significantly. Thus, it is necessary to separate the direct and base flow of the stream in order to understand the important component that is more likely to be affected by different land use changes in a catchment. The Modder river daily mean flow at the inlet of Rustfontein dam (in Central South Africa) was analysed using four base flow separation methods, the Nathan & McMahon (N&M), the Chapman, Smakhtin & Watkins (S&W) method and the frequency duration analysis. All the methods gave higher percentage of the low flow component, except for the S&W method which underestimated it. The N&M filtering equation gave base flow components greater than 66% in 1999 and increased to 84% in 2007 while the Chapman equation revealed 65% and 74% in 1999 and 2007, respectively. Similarly, the frequency duration analysis gave 62% in 1999 and increased to 79% in 2007. The frequency duration analysis gave up to 13% lower percentage than the N&M (1990) filtering equation. The nine year base flow averages are 69%, 69% and 75% for frequency duration analysis, Chapman (1999) and N&M (1990) filtering equations, respectively. The result revealed that the Modder River is largely supplied by the ground water discharge. The result seemed to concur with the fact that for a semi-arid catchment such as the Modder river basin, with an average annual runoff coefficient of approximately 6%, the contribution of annual rainfall to direct runoff is very minimal.
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Greene, Amanda E. "Pedometers Accelerometers and Observational Methods: A Comparison of Measurements of Physical Activity in Fourth-Grade Students." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1373.
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In recent years physical inactivity among students has become a matter of great concern. Nearly 65% of students do not meet the daily recommended level of physical activity, which is 60 minutes or more of moderate to vigorous physical activity each day, with 50% of that time being spent in moderate to vigorous levels of activity (CDC, 2010b). As a result, the 21st century has shown to be a time of many health problems such as, obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. In fact, nearly one third of all children are considered obese or overweight (Slawta & DeNeui, 2009). Researchers suggest that these health problems are directly related to students' sedentary lifestyles (Pate et al., 2006). Schools play a pivotal role in addressing and increasing physical activity during the school day.
The purpose of this research study was to measure levels of physical activity in elementary students during school hours. Specifically, the study sought to discover if there were increased levels of physical activity while students were using a cross-curricular adventure playground, as compared to when they were engaged in free play or physical education class. The study also compared the different measurement types (pedometers, accelerometers, and the observational method) used to assess physical activity, to indicate which measurement types were most feasible in the elementary school setting. Schools are ideal locations for assessing levels of physical activity, as 95% of all children are enrolled in these learning institutions (National Center for Educational Statistics, 2005).
The data indicate that physical education provided for the highest levels of moderate to vigorous activity, while both free play and cross-curricular activity still rendered adequate levels of physical activity. After studying the different measurement protocols (pedometers, accelerometers, and the observational method) used in this study, results suggested the pedometer to be the most feasible device to use for measuring children in these types of physical activity settings. One implication for practice was implementing cross-curricular physical activity as a supplement to other physical activities or as an addition to physical education classes in an effort to allow more time for academic instruction while having students engaged in physical activity. Another recommendation for practice was to use pedometers as a cost-effective physical activity measurement device for elementary students.
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Coskun, Nart. "A comparison of configutration arrays for the resistivity and induced polarisation methods and a direct interpretation technique for vertical profiling field data." Thesis, University of York, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261078.
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