Relevant bibliographies by topics / Direct current line

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Direct current line'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Direct current line.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Direct current line"

1

Tarkiainen, Antti, Riku Pöllänen, Markku Niemelä, and Juha Pyrhönen. "Current controlled line converter using direct torque control method." European Transactions on Electrical Power 14, no. 5 (September 2004): 277–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etep.22.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Hellborg, Ragnar, and Harry J. Whitlow. "Direct Current Accelerators for Industrial Applications." Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology 04, no. 01 (January 2011): 183–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793626811000525.

Full text
Abstract:
Direct current accelerators form the basis of many front-line industrial processes. They have many advantages that have kept them at the forefront of technology for many decades, such as a small and easily managed environmental footprint. In this article, the basic principles of the different subsystems (ion and electron sources, high voltage generation, control, etc.) are overviewed. Some well-known (ion implantation and polymer processing) and lesser-known (electron beam lithography and particle-induced X-ray aerosol mapping) applications are reviewed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Benjanarasut, Jirawut, and Bunlung Neammanee. "Control Techniques to Directly Parallel Line-Side Converters for Wind Energy System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 704 (December 2014): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.704.161.

Full text
Abstract:
The direct paralleled converters can increase the power rating, reliability, efficiency, as well as decrease the cost and current/voltage ripples which are suitable for high power converters. However, when converters are in direct parallel, the circulating currents will be generated automatically. This will result in high current distortion which causes the line inductors saturation and damage the power switches; and therefore overall performance of the system will be degraded. This paper purposes a zero sequence current control technique to reduce the circulating current in directly parallel line-side converter of the wind energy conversion system. The case studies are carried out on a 2 MW wind turbine to investigate the effects of non-identical line inductors and PWM carrier phase shift of each converter to the circulating current. The simulation results confirm that zero sequence current controllers that can reduce the zero sequence current in any conditions. The dynamic responses of the direct parallel converters and a single converter are nearly the same but the direct parallel converters have better current ripple and THDi.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Liu, Ren Li, Yi Zhan, Bin Yan, and Hui Juan Wang. "Remote Monitoring System for Direct Current Power." Applied Mechanics and Materials 313-314 (March 2013): 524–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.313-314.524.

Full text
Abstract:
With the purpose of remote centralized monitoring for DC Power, the paper has the scheme of the system of on-line real-time monitoring based on Web, and emphatically introduces the design and development of the monitoring server. The system realizes collecting, storage and real-time display of multiple DC Power, which makes the crews monitor the real-time working condition of DC wherever they could access the Internet. The system has good extensibility and a promising prospect in practical.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Neukirch, Maik, and Norbert Klitzsch. "Inverting Capacitive Resistivity (Line Electrode) Measurements with Direct Current Inversion Programs." Vadose Zone Journal 9, no. 4 (November 2010): 882–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2009.0164.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Pavlovskyi, V. V., and A. V. Prykhodko. "HIGH VOLTAGE DIRECT CURRENT SYSTEMS. DYNAMIC MODEL OF LINE COMMUTATED CONVERTER." Praci Institutu elektrodinamiki Nacionalanoi akademii nauk Ukraini 2020, no. 55 (March 19, 2020): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/publishing2020.55.016.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Reding, J. L. "Investigation of thrasher compression fittings on BPA's direct current transmission line." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 6, no. 4 (1991): 1616–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/61.97700.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Hendrickson, Riley C. "Space charge drift from a +/− 400-kV direct current transmission line." Bioelectromagnetics 7, no. 4 (1986): 369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250070404.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Wang, Bin, Lin Yang, and Xinzhou Dong. "Fault location method for high-voltage direct current transmission line using incident current travelling waves." Journal of Engineering 2018, no. 15 (October 1, 2018): 1165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/joe.2018.0278.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Kimura, N., T. Funaki, and K. Matsu-ura. "Damping of current oscillation in superconductive line applied for high voltage direct current transmission system." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 3, no. 1 (March 1993): 223–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/77.233711.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Direct current line"

1

Ridenour, Daniel Keith. "Examination of Power Systems Solutions Considering High Voltage Direct Current Transmission." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/63927.

Full text
Abstract:
Since the end of the Current Wars in the 19th Century, alternating current (AC) has dominated the production, transmission, and use of electrical energy. The chief reason for this dominance was (and continues to be) that AC offers a way minimize transmission losses yet transmit large power from generation to load. With the Digital Revolution and the entrance of most of the post-industrialized world into the Information Age, energy usage levels have increased due to the proliferation of electrical and electronic devices in nearly all sectors of life. A stable electrical grid has become synonymous with a stable nation-state and a healthy populace. Large-scale blackouts around the world in the 20th and the early 21st Centuries highlighted the heavy reliance on power systems and because of that, governments and utilities have strived to improve reliability. Simultaneously occurring with the rise in energy usage is the mandate to cut the pollution by generation facilities and to mitigate the impact grid expansion has on environment as a whole. The traditional methods of transmission expansion are beginning to show their limits as utilities move generation facilities farther from load centers, which reduces geographic diversity, and the integration of nondispatchable, renewable energy sources upsets the current operating regime. A challenge faces engineers - how to expand generation, expand transmission capacity, and integrate renewable energy sources while maintaining maximum system efficiency and reliability. A technology that may prove beneficial to the operation of power system is high voltage direct current transmission. The technology brings its own set of advantages and disadvantages, which are in many ways the complement of AC. It is important to update transmission planning processes to account for the new possibilities that HVDC offers. This thesis submits a discussion of high voltage direct current transmission technology itself and an examination of how HVDC can be considered in the planning process.
Master of Science
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Calder, Bruce. "Direct current resistance measurement structure for determining line width and metal thickness variations in surface acoustic wave devices." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq36672.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Padilla, Mercado Jeralyne Beatriz. "Development of a teaching coulometry instrument for the direct determination of sulfur compounds and of zinc indirectly." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1499251632209504.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Mouton, Gerton Nicolaas Jacobus. "An evaluation of different material line insulators under high voltage AC and bipolar DC excitation in a marine polluted environment." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71940.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The worldwide increase in the popularity of high voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission application has led to questions regarding the performance of high voltage alternating current (HVAC) insulators when energized under HVDC excitation. These questions have led researchers conduct numerous research projects worldwide. A particular question NamPower (the power utility in Namibia) has faced is: how do these insulators perform and age when energized under HVDC excitation in heavily polluted environments? This question was only partly answered by some insulator ageing tests conducted under laboratory conditions for HVDC excitation. However, the natural ageing tests on insulators, which are preferred, have to date been confined predominantly to HVAC excitation voltages. Thus, this research was initiated to investigate the natural ageing performance of insulators under both HVAC and HVDC excitations, when subjected to harsh marine pollution environments. This research project involved performance and ageing tests on three identical sets of line insulators made from different insulator materials, energised under HVAC and both polarities HVDC excitations respectively. The tests were conducted at Koeberg insulator pollution test station (KIPTS), which is a natural marine pollution insulator test station located near Cape Town, along the west coast of South Africa, approximately 50 m from the sea. The set of insulators consisted of EPDM silicone alloy rubber, HTV silicone rubber, RTV silicone rubber coated porcelain, Porcelain and Glass insulators. The HVAC excitation voltage was chosen as 12.7 kV r.m.s. phase-to-ground and it was decided to use a HVDC excitation voltage equal to this value. The research results showed that the insulators made from HTV silicone rubber performed better than the insulators made from EPDM silicone alloy rubber under all excitation voltages. It is also showed that RTV silicone rubber coated porcelain insulators performed better than Glass and Porcelain insulators under all excitation voltages.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die wêreld wye toename in gewildheid van hoë spanning gelyk stroom (HSGS) krag transmisie aplikasie het gelei na vrae oor die effektieweteit van hoë spanning wissel stroom (HSWS) insolators in HSGS aplikasies. Hierdie vrae het gelei na baie navorsings projekte. Een vraag waarmee NamPower (die krag voorsienings maatskapy in Namibia) gekonfronteer was, was hoe gaan die insolators wat onderworpe is aan ’n HSGS toevoer reageer in ’n baie besoedelde omgewing. Hierdie vraag was slegs gedeeltelik beantwoord deur verouderings toetse op insolators wat gedoen is in ’n labaratorium met ’n HSGS toevoer. Inteendeel, die meeste natuurlike verouderings toetse op insolators, soos verkies, is meestal gedoen met ’n HSWS toevoer. Om hierdie rede was hierdie navorsing begin om natuurlike verouderings toetse te doen op insolators onderworpe beide aan HSWS en HSGS toevoere binne ’n marien besoedelde omgewing. Hierdie navorsings projek gaan oor prestering en verouderings toetse op drie, identiese, transmissie lyn insolator stelle, wat onderskeidelik onderworpe was aan HSWS en beide polariteite HSGS toevoere. Die toetse was gedoen by Koeberg insolator besoedeling toets stasie (KIBTS) wat naby Kaapstad geleë is langs die weskus van Suid Africa omtrent 50 m van die see. ’n Stel toets insolators bestaan uit EPDM silikon allooi rubber, HTV silikon rubber, RTV silikon rubber bedekte porselein, Porselein en Glas insolators. Die HSWS waarde waarmee die insolators getoets was, was 12.7 kV w.g.k., fase-na-grond, en dit was besluit om ’n HSGS waarde gelyk aan hierdie spannings waarde te gebruik. Die navorsings resultate wys dat insolators wat gemaak is met HTV silikon rubber presteer beter as insolators wat met EPDM silikon allooi rubber gemaak is onder al die verskillende toevoere. Dit wys ook dat RTV silikon rubber bedekte porselein presteer beter as Porselein en Glas insolators onder al die verskillende toevoere.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Izzularab, Mohamed. "Repartition du potentiel electrique le long d'une surface isolante polluee soumise a des decharges : application a l'etude des isolateurs ht pour reseaux de transport a courant continu." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30087.

Full text
Abstract:
Etude du contournement des isolateurs pour ligne h. T. C. C. Etude graphique de la tension disruptive en fonction de la longueur de decharge. Conception des isolateurs a l'aide de modeles unidimensionnels permettant de definir un nouveau facteur de forme. Calcul numerique de la distribution du potentiel sur des isolateurs pollues ou givres
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Yao, Ziwen. "Régulateur adaptatif robuste pour les liaisons de transport a courant continu en haute tension." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL051N.

Full text
Abstract:
Cette thèse présente un ensemble de méthodes de synthèse du contrôle commande adaptatif robuste dans le domaine fréquentiel pour les liaisons de transport à courant continu en haute tension destine à améliorer la stabilité en basse fréquence du réseau. Cet ensemble de méthodes consiste en une méthode de modélisation des réseaux d'interconnexion, une méthode d'analyse de stabilité pour les réseaux d'interconnexion, une approche d'identification des réseaux électriques et une approche de synthèse du régulateur adaptatif-robuste. La méthode de simplification de modélisation des réseaux d'interconnexion est fondée sur des propriétés algébriques: l'y-symétrie et la possibilité de découplage de la matrice de caractéristiques de fréquence des réseaux. Basé sur ces propriétés et sur le critère de stabilité de Nyquist généralisé, un critère de stabilité est proposé pour les réseaux d'interconnexion. L'approche d'identification des réseaux électriques est fondée sur ces propriétés algébriques et est réalisée à l'aide de la transformation de Fourier. Afin de montrer les avantages ainsi que les inconvénients des méthodes proposées cette thèse est illustrée par différents résultats de simulation numérique. Dans ces simulations numériques sont étudiés les phénomènes d'interaction torsionnelle entre la liaison TCCHT IFA 2000 et les turboalternateurs voisins
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Tiancheng, Zhang, and Zhang Yunlin. "High voltage Direct Current lines in the Chinese electric power system." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för tillämpad signalbehandling, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-12757.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

PISSOLATO, FILHO JOSE. "Analyse du contournement d'une surface faiblement conductrice par une decharge electrique alimentee en courant continu." Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30048.

Full text
Abstract:
Comparaison des differentes modelisations electriques du systeme decharge-surface polluee utilisees dans l'etude du contournement des isolateurs. Utilisant un modele de laboratoire ou la pollution est representee par un canal rempli d'electrolyte, on a releve les valeurs de la tension de contournement en fonction de la resistance lineique du canal. Pour les resistances lineiques superieures a 7 kiloohms par centimetre, c'est le modele de rao et gopal qui est le mieux adapte; au-dessous, c'est le modele de wilkins dans lequel on poste les constantes de la decharge mesurees dans la vapeur d'eau. Nouvelle modelisation permettant de calculer, en fonction du temps, l'elongation de la decharge et le courant fourni par la source
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Smith, Robert Albert. "A performance study of a voltage-fed reluctance synchronous machine." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1078.

Full text
Abstract:
Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Magister Technologiae in Electrical Engineering at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology SUPERVISOR: E. VOSS NOVEMBER 2013
The reluctance synchronous machine (RSM) operates on the principle of magnetic reluctance, which is produced through a careful selection of rotor flux barriers and cut-outs. Magnetic reluctivity is the resistance to magnetic flux and can be directly related to the principles of Ohm’s law in electrical circuits. Although reluctance motors have been known for more than 150 years, researchers lost interest when Nikola Tesla’s induction machine (IM) was introduced to industry. Over the last few decades, however, RSMs have shown a lot of potential. They are cheap, robust, reliable, and their rotors can also be used in the stators of IMs. The disadvantage of these machines is an inherently high torque ripple, being the result of its rotor geometry, but the biggest advantage is having a significant reduction in copper losses after the rotor cage has been removed. This advantage drove engineers to investigate, optimise and modify the performance and structure of this machine, which led to the usage of electronic drive systems. The recent advances in technology have allowed researchers to further investigate and modify the design and performance of this special type of machine, with the integration of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software also making a contribution to the development of the RSM’s current driven systems. The voltage-fed RSM, driven direct-on-line (DOL) from the utility supply, was left in the shadows as the current-fed RSM took reign, but still is, in the author’s opinion, not yet fully analysed. This thesis practically investigates the performance characteristics of the cageless, voltage-fed 3kW RSM in its steady-state operation, under various loads. These performance characteristics are also compared to a RSM driven from a sensorless vector drive (current-fed) to investigate the advantages and disadvantages between the two. Experiments performed on the test bench immediately reveal a limitation to the voltage-fed RSM’s ability to drive higher loads. While the current-fed RSM conveniently reaches 150% of its full-load, the voltage-fed RSM, due to its cageless structure, only reaches 110% of its full-load power. Despite this discovery, the voltage-fed RSM proves to have a lower core loss, harmonic content and torque ripple. Using a FE software package with an integrated source-code, additional parameters such as the dq-axis inductances and currents are also compared and analysed in terms of its reaction to an increase in load. The eddy-current, hysteresis and excess losses are also analysed as well as the harmonic components caused by the geometry of the RSM. For academic purposes, a fair amount of emphasis is placed on the approach to the problem. The preparation for the FE simulation is explained in detail, providing insight into the FE mathematical model as well as parameter acquisition. These parameters include current angle, friction and windage losses, stator resistance, end-winding leakage reactance, core loss and inertia. The results obtained by the FE model are compared to that of the measured results and is found to have an error of only 0.52%. Furthermore, this study attempts to find the feasibility of the voltage-fed RSM’s practicality in modern-day industry. The conclusion is drawn that the voltage-fed RSM could be used as a more elegant alternative to an otherwise over-complicated and over-priced installation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

湯世傑 and Sai-kit Tong. "A computer-aided measurement system for monopolar high-voltage direct-current coronating lines." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31207467.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Direct current line"

1

Terhune, Gloryanna. The Terhune family: In a direct male line from the Dutch immigrant ancestor to the current descendant, Charles Houston Terhune, Jr. [Decorah, IA]: Anundsen Pub., 1997.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Raleigh, Robert J. Joint HVDC agricultural study: Final report. [Corvallis, Or.?]: Oregon State University, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Central Oregon Experiment Station, 1988.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Collins, Haldane L. HVDC transmission line generated corona behavior and characteristics. 1988.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Vaez-Zadeh, Sadegh. Direct Torque Control. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198742968.003.0004.

Full text
Abstract:
The fundamental principles of direct torque control (DTC) of permanent magnet synchronous (PMS) motors are presented in this chapter. The basic DTC system is then described. The operating limits of PMS machines under DTC are presented in terms of current limit, voltage limit, and flux linkage limit. Also, flux linkage control, including maximum torque per ampere (MTPA), unity power factor, and flux weakening at high speed, is derived. Then, alternative DTC schemes, including different SVM-DTC schemes, are presented. In line with the increasing energy-saving tendency in industrial applications, major emphasis is placed on the loss minimization of DTC. Finally, a comprehensive comparison was made between the basic DTC and vector control, emphasizing the pros and cons of DTC with respect to vector control.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Gad, Heba, Daniel Bateman, and Paul E. Holtzheimer. Neurostimulation Therapies, Side Effects, Risks, and Benefits. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199374656.003.0016.

Full text
Abstract:
Neurostimulation therapies are an alternative for non-responders to pharmacological or psychotherapy management, as well as when first-line treatments are contraindicated for treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders in the elderly. Brain stimulation treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders include the following FDA approved treatments for major depressive disorder: electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), which remains one of the most effective therapies for several neuropsychiatric disorders; repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS); and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). Deep brain stimulation (DBS);magnetic seizure therapy (MST); transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS); and direct cortical stimulation (DCS) are not currently FDA approved. These techniques are reviewed in this chapter with special attention to their application in older adults. Medicolegal issues of informed consent and substituted decisions for procedures are also discussed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Acord, Glen C. Evaluation of measurement techniques for space charge density near high voltage DC power lines. 1988.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Weiß, Helmut, and Anna Volodina. Referential null subjects in German. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815853.003.0011.

Full text
Abstract:
Null subjects (NSs) have been a central research topic in generative syntax ever since the 1980s. This chapter considers the situation of German NSs both from a dialectological and from a diachronic perspective and attempts to reconstruct a direct line concerning the licensing conditions of pro-drop from Old High German (OHG) through Middle High German (MHG) and Early New High German (ENHG) to current dialects of New High German (NHG). Particularly, we will argue that German changed from a consistent, yet asymmetric pro-drop language to a partial, but symmetric one. In order to demonstrate that this development took place and the steps involved, we survey the existing empirical evidence and introduce new data.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Schiller, Wendy J., and Charles Stewart. Senate Electoral Responsiveness under Indirect and Direct Election. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691163161.003.0006.

Full text
Abstract:
This chapter integrates findings on indirect elections with current scholarship on the impact of the adoption of the Seventeenth Amendment and onset of direct elections. It constructs a comprehensive counterfactual analysis that helps demonstrate what the political outcomes would have been with direct elections in place since the founding, and in contrast, what Senate elections would look like after 1913 if indirect elections were still in place. It also addresses the question of whether U.S. senators represented states as units and responded to state governmental concerns more under the indirect system than they do under direct elections. It argues that indirect election had little impact on the Senate's overall partisan composition prior to 1913. Contrary to widespread belief, had direct election been in effect during the years immediately preceding the Seventeenth Amendment's passage, Republicans, not Democrats, would have benefited.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Livermore, Roy. Chilling Out. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198717867.003.0010.

Full text
Abstract:
The Earth’s climate changes naturally on all timescales. At the short end of the spectrum—hours or days—it is affected by sudden events such as volcanic eruptions, which raise the atmospheric temperature directly, and also indirectly, by the addition of greenhouse gases such as water vapour and carbon dioxide. Over years, centuries, and millennia, climate is influenced by changes in ocean currents that, ultimately, are controlled by the geography of ocean basins. On scales of thousands to hundreds of thousands of years, the Earth’s orbit around the Sun is the crucial influence, producing glaciations and interglacials, such as the one in which we live. Longer still, tectonic forces operate over millions of years to produce mountain ranges like the Himalayas and continental rifts such as that in East Africa, which profoundly affect atmospheric circulation, creating deserts and monsoons. Over tens to hundreds of millions of years, plate movements gradually rearrange the continents, creating new oceans and destroying old ones, making and breaking land and sea connections, assembling and disassembling supercontinents, resulting in fundamental changes in heat transport by ocean currents. Finally, over the very long term—billions of years—climate reflects slow changes in solar luminosity as the planet heads towards a fiery Armageddon. All but two of these controls are direct or indirect consequences of plate tectonics.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Merkesdal, Sonja, and Wilfried Mau. Health economics. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0031.

Full text
Abstract:
The economic burden of rheumatic diseases for society, various payers, and last but not least the individual patient has been increasingly recognized. In addition to the well-known impact of back pain and osteoarthritis, the upcoming new and expensive therapies have made this issue especially intriguing in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A mean international estimate of the total annual costs of RA, mainly consisting of direct resource consumption and indirect costs due to productivity losses relating to paid work, comes to about €5600. Other inflammatory rheumatologic diseases (ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, lupus erythematosus) generate similar costs. The implementation of expensive biological drugs in rheumatic care has also led to the pressing need to determine the relation of their costs and clinical outcome (e.g. quality-adjusted life-years, QALYs) in order to compare different treatment strategies in defined patient groups. In RA the health-economic evidence for the cost-effectiveness of biologicals is already quite substantial in terms of treatment of early and advanced RA, as last option treatment of patients refractory to TNF inhibitors. Their cost-effectiveness as first line treatment is less clear. All biologicals have proved their cost-effectiveness in various settings depending on patient selection. It has been clearly demonstrated that adherence to the current guidelines, including monitoring of their effectiveness. leads to cost-effective scenarios. In TNF-refractory RA, abatacept and rituximab have proved to be economically favourable strategies. Economic data on other inflammatory rheumatic entities is relatively sparse. Incomplete long-term and observational data are still the most prominent gaps in health-economic evidence relating to rheumatic disorders.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Direct current line"

1

Culbert, Ian. "Causes of Breaks in Squirrel Cage Windings During Direct-On-Line Starts and Steady-State Operation." In Current Signature Analysis for Condition Monitoring of Cage Induction Motors, 55–78. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119175476.ch3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Cucinotta, Filippo, Marcello Raffaele, and Fabio Salmeri. "A Well-to-Wheel Comparative Life Cycle Assessment Between Full Electric and Traditional Petrol Engines in the European Context." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 188–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70566-4_30.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractAutomotive sector is crucial for the economic and social system. Conversely, it also plays an important role in the global emissions balance with strong consequences on the environment. Currently the Research world is engaged in the reduction of the emissions, especially in order to contrast the Climate Change and reduce toxicity on humans and the ecosystem. This study presents a comparative Life Cycle Assessment, Well-to-Wheel, between the most common technology used in the automotive sector, i.e. the traditional petrol Internal Combustion Engine and the full Battery Electric Vehicle. The different configurations have been analysed within 17 different impact categories in terms of climate change, human health, resourced depletion and ecosystems. The Well-to-Wheel approach allows to focus the attention on the use stage of the vehicle, considering the local effects due to the direct emissions in high density urban zones and it mitigates the dependence of usage hypotheses, different scenarios and intrinsic differences between the various models of cars in circulation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Pansini, Anthony J. "Direct Current Transmission." In Transmission Line Reliability and Security, 47–52. River Publishers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003151159-5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

"Introduction to Line-Commutated HVDC." In High-Voltage Direct-Current Transmission, 1–11. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118846704.ch1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

"DC Grids with Line-Commutated Converters." In High-Voltage Direct-Current Transmission, 307–15. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118846704.ch23.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Nikitaeva, Anastasia Y. "Objective and Subjective Aspects of Decision-Making Support at the Mesoeconomic Level." In Foreign Direct Investments, 882–914. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2448-0.ch037.

Full text
Abstract:
This chapter substantiates the importance of improving management effectiveness of mesoeconomic systems in current economic conditions and the features of mesoeconomy as a management object which defines the high complexity of decision making at the meso level. There are approaches, methods, and technologies which provide support of the decision making process via the integration of formal methods for objective data analysis and methods of accounting to solve semi-structured complex problems of mesoeconomy. A cognitive approach, and an approach involving the integration of the On-Line Analytical Processing and Data mining technologies with methods of a multi-criteria assessment of alternative, in particular methods of Multi-Attribute Utility Theory are considered in the chapter. Cognitive mapping of interaction between state and business in a mesoeconomic system are included as a case-study.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Fekik, Arezki, Hakim Denoun, Ahmad Taher Azar, Mustapha Zaouia, Nabil Benyahia, Mohamed Lamine Hamida, Nacereddine Benamrouche, and Sundarapandian Vaidyanathan. "Artificial Neural Network for PWM Rectifier Direct Power Control and DC Voltage Control." In Advances in System Dynamics and Control, 286–316. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4077-9.ch010.

Full text
Abstract:
In this chapter, a new technique has been proposed for reducing the harmonic content of a three-phase PWM rectifier connected to the networks with a unit power factor and also providing decoupled control of the active and reactive instantaneous power. This technique called direct power control (DPC) is based on artificial neural network (ANN) controller, without line voltage sensors. The control technique is based on well-known direct torque control (DTC) ideas for the induction motor, which is applied to eliminate the harmonic of the line current and compensate for the reactive power. The main idea of this control is based on active and reactive power control loops. The DC voltage capacitor is regulated by the ANN controller to keep it constant and also provides a stable active power exchange. The simulation results are very satisfactory in the terms of stability and total harmonic distortion (THD) of the line current and the unit power factor.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Fekik, Arezki, Hakim Denoun, Ahmad Taher Azar, Mustapha Zaouia, Nabil Benyahia, Mohamed Lamine Hamida, Nacereddine Benamrouche, and Sundarapandian Vaidyanathan. "Artificial Neural Network for PWM Rectifier Direct Power Control and DC Voltage Control." In Research Anthology on Artificial Neural Network Applications, 440–70. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-2408-7.ch021.

Full text
Abstract:
In this chapter, a new technique has been proposed for reducing the harmonic content of a three-phase PWM rectifier connected to the networks with a unit power factor and also providing decoupled control of the active and reactive instantaneous power. This technique called direct power control (DPC) is based on artificial neural network (ANN) controller, without line voltage sensors. The control technique is based on well-known direct torque control (DTC) ideas for the induction motor, which is applied to eliminate the harmonic of the line current and compensate for the reactive power. The main idea of this control is based on active and reactive power control loops. The DC voltage capacitor is regulated by the ANN controller to keep it constant and also provides a stable active power exchange. The simulation results are very satisfactory in the terms of stability and total harmonic distortion (THD) of the line current and the unit power factor.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Rudd, M. David, and Andrea Perez-Munroz. "Psychological theories of suicidal behaviour." In Oxford Textbook of Suicidology and Suicide Prevention, edited by Danuta Wasserman and Camilla Wasserman, 159–66. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834441.003.0021.

Full text
Abstract:
This text provides a review of prominent and influential psychological theories of suicide and suicidal behaviours. Its focus is on reviewing theories specific to suicidality, with broader theoretical approaches that do not specifically address suicide and suicidal behaviours purposefully left out. The majority of the theories presented have had direct and important implications for both the assessment and treatment of suicidality. Many of the theories have been directly tied to specific treatment paradigms, with some stemming directly from clinical practice. In line with the current front runner in therapeutic practice, most of the recent theoretical efforts have emerged from cognitive theories and approaches of suicidality.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Dang, Jie, Yi Tang, Mengchen Song, Jia Ning, and Xiangyun Fu. "Coordinated frequency control of thermal units with DC system in a wind-thermal-bundled system transmitted by High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) line." In Electronics and Electrical Engineering, 7–12. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18443-3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Direct current line"

1

Pin, Gilberto, Enrico Marson, Paolo Posa, and Luca Della Schiava. "Direct Estimation of Line-Current Harmonics from DC-link measurements." In 2018 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccta.2018.8511583.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Waterland, F. "Stray direct current: a view from the main line." In IEE Seminar. DC Traction Stray Current Control - `Offer a Stray a Good Ohm?'. IEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19990907.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Hashimoto, Kaoru, Kazuo Kohno, Yutaka Akiyama, Chihiro Ueda, and Kanji Otsuka. "Fundamental study of direct current resistance effect on transmission line characteristics." In 2012 IEEE CPMT Symposium Japan (Formerly VLSI Packaging Workshop of Japan). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsj.2012.6523470.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Agarwal, Shobha, Aleena Swetapadma, Chinmoy Panigrahi, and Abhijit Dasgupta. "Intelligent computing based converter fault identification in line commutated high voltage direct current transmission line." In 2017 1st International Conference on Electronics, Materials Engineering and Nano-Technology (IEMENTech). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iementech.2017.8076970.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Martinez, J. C. R., N. Al-Sheakh Ameen, and R. Kenne. "Comparative analysis of on-line and off-line explicit solutions, applied in predictive direct current." In 5th IET International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2010). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2010.0070.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Ginarsa, I. Made, Agung Budi Muljono, and I. Made Ari Nrartha. "Simulation of ANFIS Controller to Line Commutation Based on Current Source Converter High Voltage Direct Current System." In 2019 IEEE Conference on Energy Conversion (CENCON). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cencon47160.2019.8974701.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Zhang, Haojun, Tian Shen, Sing Hui Yap, Kristina Young-Fisher, and Patrick Justison. "Thermal-Electric Transient analysis for Metal Line under High Frequency Pulse Direct Current." In 2019 18th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itherm.2019.8757280.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Tsoumas, I. P., G. Georgoulas, and J. A. Antonino-Daviu. "Analytical Investigation of the Transient Switch-On Current of Direct-On-Line Induction Motors." In IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2019.8927020.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Boecker, Matthew, Genardo Corpuz, Glenn Hargrave, Swagata Das, Normann Fischer, and Veselin Skendzic. "Line current differential relay response to a direct lightning strike on a phase conductor." In 2018 71st Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers (CPRE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpre.2018.8349805.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Yoon, Jae Young, Ye Ji Kim, Il Soon Hwang, L. Ayers, M. Short, L. Bromberg, and R. G. Ballinger. "On-Line Monitoring of Cracks in Piping Weldment Using Array Probed Direct Current Potential Drop." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97688.

Full text
Abstract:
The equipotential switching array probed direct current potential drop (ESAP-DCPD) system has been developed to monitor on-line the initiation and growth of a crack in piping weldment. The new technology of equipotential establishment at all borderlines of a monitoring segment eliminates any significant current leakage to outside systems. The thermal fluctuation of DCPD signal has been suppressed by using an already established switching current method. The arrangement of an array probe surrounding the weldment was optimized by performing finite element analysis (FEA) of DCPD in such ways to improve its detectability for circumferential cracks. In order to verify the reliability and detectability of piping weld monitoring, artificial cracks introduced into a full-scale weldment mockup were monitored by using ESAP-DCPD in laboratory environments. Then experimental results were compared with FEA results for the mockup to show a good agreement. Therefore FEA can be used to design a field application system. In order to pursue a first-of-a-kind application in a nuclear power plant, a preliminary licensing basis has been developed through development of an initial 10 CFR 50.59 analysis, as described herein.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Direct current line"

1

P.F. Schmit and N.J. Fisch. Direct-current-like Phase Space Manipulation Using Chirped Alternating Current Fields. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/973085.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Author, Not Given. Study of electric field and ion effects of HVDC (high voltage direct current) transmission lines: Characterization of the electrical environment beyond the corridor: Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6106573.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Torres-Mancera, Rocio, Carlos de las Heras-Pedrosa, Carmen Jambrino-Maldonado, and Patricia P. Iglesias-Sanchez. Public Relations and the Fundraising professional in the Cultural Heritage Industry: a study of Spain and Mexico / Las relaciones públicas y el profesional de la captación de fondos en la industria del patrimonio cultural: un estudio de España y México. Revista Internacional de Relaciones Públicas, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5783/rirp-21-2021-03-27-48.

Full text
Abstract:
The present research aims to understand the current situation of strategic communication and public relations applied in the professional field of fundraising in the cultural heritage environment. It observes the current patterns used in the sector to obtain and generate long-term sustainable funding, through the stimulation of investors and International Cooperation projects from the European Union in line with UNESCO. Two international case studies are compared: Spain and Mexico, through the selection of territorial samples in Malaga and San Luis Potosi. The methodology used is based on a combination of in-depth interviews with key informants and content analysis. In the first instance, the degree of application of communication and public relations tools for strategic purposes to directly attract economic resources to the management of cultural heritage (tangible and intangible) in the region is studied. In line with the results obtained, the current parameters and key indicators of the profile of the fundraising professional in public and private cultural management are presented.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Deal, Jennifer, Kristin Cullen, Sarah Stawiski, William Gentry, and Marian Ruderman. World Leadership Survey Biannual Report on Employee Commitment and Engagement 2013–2014. Center for Creative Leadership, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.35613/ccl.2015.2048.

Full text
Abstract:
" From the Executive Summary: ""The purpose of the World Leadership Survey (WLS) is to provide a window into how professionals, managers, and executives view their life within the organization. This view of the employee experience will help leaders of organizations understand what employees experience, and what the organization can do to improve commitment and reduce turnover. The good news for organizations in the United States and Canada (the sample for this report) is that respondents are mostly committed to their organizations, satisfied with their jobs and their pay, work more than the typical 40-hour workweek, and do not currently intend to leave their jobs. The professionals, managers, and executives surveyed feel supported by their organization and by their direct supervisor, and think that their organizations are economically stable. Unfortunately they also feel overloaded, with their work disproportionately interfering with the rest of life, and that there is a high level of political behavior within their organization. Both overload and overt political behavior can reduce individual and organizational effectiveness. This report describes the current employee experience, and what organizations can focus on to maintain and improve commitment and engagement."
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Lyzanchuk, Vasyl. COMMUNICATIVE SYNERGY OF UKRAINIAN NATIONAL VALUES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE RUSSIAN HYBRID WAR. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11077.

Full text
Abstract:
The author characterized the Ukrainian national values, national interests and national goals. It is emphasized that national values are conceptual, ideological bases, consolidating factors, important life guidelines on the way to effective protection of Ukraine from Russian aggression and building a democratic, united Ukrainian state. Author analyzes the functioning of the mass media in the context of educational propaganda of individual, social and state values, the dominant core of which are patriotism, human rights and freedoms, social justice, material and spiritual wealth of Ukrainians, natural resources, morality, peace, religiosity, benevolence, national security, constitutional order. These key national values are a strong moral and civic core, a life-giving element, a self-affirming synergy, which on the basis of homogeneity binds the current Ukrainian society with the ancestors and their centuries-old material and spiritual heritage. Attention is focused on the fact that the current problem of building the Ukrainian state and protecting it from the brutal Moscow invaders is directly dependent on the awareness of all citizens of the essence of national values, national interests, national goals and filling them with the meaning of life, charitable socio-political life. It is emphasized that the missionary vocation of journalists to orient readers and listeners to the meaningful choice of basic national values, on the basis of which Ukrainian citizens, regardless of nationality together they will overcome the external Moscow and internal aggression of the pro-Russian fifth column, achieve peace, return the Ukrainian territories seized by the Kremlin imperialists and, in agreement will build Ukrainian Ukraine.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Karlstrom, Karl, Laura Crossey, Allyson Matthis, and Carl Bowman. Telling time at Grand Canyon National Park: 2020 update. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285173.

Full text
Abstract:
Grand Canyon National Park is all about time and timescales. Time is the currency of our daily life, of history, and of biological evolution. Grand Canyon’s beauty has inspired explorers, artists, and poets. Behind it all, Grand Canyon’s geology and sense of timelessness are among its most prominent and important resources. Grand Canyon has an exceptionally complete and well-exposed rock record of Earth’s history. It is an ideal place to gain a sense of geologic (or deep) time. A visit to the South or North rims, a hike into the canyon of any length, or a trip through the 277-mile (446-km) length of Grand Canyon are awe-inspiring experiences for many reasons, and they often motivate us to look deeper to understand how our human timescales of hundreds and thousands of years overlap with Earth’s many timescales reaching back millions and billions of years. This report summarizes how geologists tell time at Grand Canyon, and the resultant “best” numeric ages for the canyon’s strata based on recent scientific research. By best, we mean the most accurate and precise ages available, given the dating techniques used, geologic constraints, the availability of datable material, and the fossil record of Grand Canyon rock units. This paper updates a previously-published compilation of best numeric ages (Mathis and Bowman 2005a; 2005b; 2007) to incorporate recent revisions in the canyon’s stratigraphic nomenclature and additional numeric age determinations published in the scientific literature. From bottom to top, Grand Canyon’s rocks can be ordered into three “sets” (or primary packages), each with an overarching story. The Vishnu Basement Rocks were once tens of miles deep as North America’s crust formed via collisions of volcanic island chains with the pre-existing continent between 1,840 and 1,375 million years ago. The Grand Canyon Supergroup contains evidence for early single-celled life and represents basins that record the assembly and breakup of an early supercontinent between 729 and 1,255 million years ago. The Layered Paleozoic Rocks encode stories, layer by layer, of dramatic geologic changes and the evolution of animal life during the Paleozoic Era (period of ancient life) between 270 and 530 million years ago. In addition to characterizing the ages and geology of the three sets of rocks, we provide numeric ages for all the groups and formations within each set. Nine tables list the best ages along with information on each unit’s tectonic or depositional environment, and specific information explaining why revisions were made to previously published numeric ages. Photographs, line drawings, and diagrams of the different rock formations are included, as well as an extensive glossary of geologic terms to help define important scientific concepts. The three sets of rocks are separated by rock contacts called unconformities formed during long periods of erosion. This report unravels the Great Unconformity, named by John Wesley Powell 150 years ago, and shows that it is made up of several distinct erosion surfaces. The Great Nonconformity is between the Vishnu Basement Rocks and the Grand Canyon Supergroup. The Great Angular Unconformity is between the Grand Canyon Supergroup and the Layered Paleozoic Rocks. Powell’s term, the Great Unconformity, is used for contacts where the Vishnu Basement Rocks are directly overlain by the Layered Paleozoic Rocks. The time missing at these and other unconformities within the sets is also summarized in this paper—a topic that can be as interesting as the time recorded. Our goal is to provide a single up-to-date reference that summarizes the main facets of when the rocks exposed in the canyon’s walls were formed and their geologic history. This authoritative and readable summary of the age of Grand Canyon rocks will hopefully be helpful to National Park Service staff including resource managers and park interpreters at many levels of geologic understandings...
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Brophy, Kenny, and Alison Sheridan, eds. Neolithic Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.196.

Full text
Abstract:
The main recommendations of the Panel report can be summarised as follows: The Overall Picture: more needs to be understood about the process of acculturation of indigenous communities; about the Atlantic, Breton strand of Neolithisation; about the ‘how and why’ of the spread of Grooved Ware use and its associated practices and traditions; and about reactions to Continental Beaker novelties which appeared from the 25th century. The Detailed Picture: Our understanding of developments in different parts of Scotland is very uneven, with Shetland and the north-west mainland being in particular need of targeted research. Also, here and elsewhere in Scotland, the chronology of developments needs to be clarified, especially as regards developments in the Hebrides. Lifeways and Lifestyles: Research needs to be directed towards filling the substantial gaps in our understanding of: i) subsistence strategies; ii) landscape use (including issues of population size and distribution); iii) environmental change and its consequences – and in particular issues of sea level rise, peat formation and woodland regeneration; and iv) the nature and organisation of the places where people lived; and to track changes over time in all of these. Material Culture and Use of Resources: In addition to fine-tuning our characterisation of material culture and resource use (and its changes over the course of the Neolithic), we need to apply a wider range of analytical approaches in order to discover more about manufacture and use.Some basic questions still need to be addressed (e.g. the chronology of felsite use in Shetland; what kind of pottery was in use, c 3000–2500, in areas where Grooved Ware was not used, etc.) and are outlined in the relevant section of the document. Our knowledge of organic artefacts is very limited, so research in waterlogged contexts is desirable. Identity, Society, Belief Systems: Basic questions about the organisation of society need to be addressed: are we dealing with communities that started out as egalitarian, but (in some regions) became socially differentiated? Can we identify acculturated indigenous people? How much mobility, and what kind of mobility, was there at different times during the Neolithic? And our chronology of certain monument types and key sites (including the Ring of Brodgar, despite its recent excavation) requires to be clarified, especially since we now know that certain types of monument (including Clava cairns) were not built during the Neolithic. The way in which certain types of site (e.g. large palisaded enclosures) were used remains to be clarified. Research and methodological issues: There is still much ignorance of the results of past and current research, so more effective means of dissemination are required. Basic inventory information (e.g. the Scottish Human Remains Database) needs to be compiled, and Canmore and museum database information needs to be updated and expanded – and, where not already available online, placed online, preferably with a Scottish Neolithic e-hub that directs the enquirer to all the available sources of information. The Historic Scotland on-line radiocarbon date inventory needs to be resurrected and kept up to date. Under-used resources, including the rich aerial photography archive in the NMRS, need to have their potential fully exploited. Multi-disciplinary, collaborative research (and the application of GIS modelling to spatial data in order to process the results) is vital if we are to escape from the current ‘silo’ approach and address key research questions from a range of perspectives; and awareness of relevant research outside Scotland is essential if we are to avoid reinventing the wheel. Our perspective needs to encompass multi-scale approaches, so that ScARF Neolithic Panel Report iv developments within Scotland can be understood at a local, regional and wider level. Most importantly, the right questions need to be framed, and the right research strategies need to be developed, in order to extract the maximum amount of information about the Scottish Neolithic.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong, and Do Trong Hoan. Commune-level institutional arrangements and monitoring framework for integrated tree-based landscape management. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21024.pdf.

Full text
Abstract:
Governance is a difficult task in the context of achieving landscape multifunctionality owing to the multiplicity of stakeholders, institutions, scale and ecosystem services: the ‘many-multiple’ (Cockburn et al 2018). Governing and managing the physical landscape and the actors in the landscape requires intensive knowledge and good planning systems. Land-use planning is a powerful instrument in landscape governance because it directly guides how actors will intervene in the physical landscape (land use) to gain commonly desired value. It is essential for sustaining rural landscapes and improving the livelihoods of rural communities (Bourgoin and Castella 2011, Bourgoin et al 2012, Rydin 1998), ensuring landscape multifunctionality (Nelson et al 2009, Reyers et al 2012) and enhancing efficiency in carbon sequestration, in particular (Bourgoin et al 2013, Cathcart et al 2007). It is also considered critical to the successful implementation of land-based climate mitigation, such as under Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), because the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector is included in the mitigation contributions of nearly 90 percent of countries in Sub-Saharan and Southern Asia countries and in the Latin American and Caribbean regions (FAO 2016). Viet Nam has been implementing its NDC, which includes forestry and land-based mitigation options under the LULUCF sector. The contribution of the sector to committed national emission reduction is significant and cost-effective compared with other sectors. In addition to achieving emission reduction targets, implementation of forestry and land-based mitigation options has the highest benefits for social-economic development and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (MONRE 2020). Challenges, however, lie in the way national priorities and targets are translated into sub-national delivery plans and the way sub-national actors are brought together in orchestration (Hsu et al 2019) in a context where the legal framework for climate-change mitigation is elaborated at national rather than sub-national levels and coordination between government bodies and among stakeholders is generally ineffective (UNDP 2018). In many developing countries, conventional ‘top–down’, centralized land-use planning approaches have been widely practised, with very little success, a result of a lack of flexibility in adapting local peculiarities (Amler et al 1999, Ducourtieux et al 2005, Kauzeni et al 1993). In forest–agriculture mosaic landscapes, the fundamental question is how land-use planning can best conserve forest and agricultural land, both as sources of economic income and environmental services (O’Farrell and Anderson 2010). This paper provides guidance on monitoring integrated tree-based landscape management at commune level, based on the current legal framework related to natural resource management (land and forest) and the requirements of national green-growth development and assessment of land uses in two communes in Dien Bien and Son La provinces. The concept of integrated tree based landscape management in Viet Nam is still new and should be further developed for wider application across levels.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Global Control of African swine fever. A GF-TADs initiative – 2020 annual report. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/asf.3011.

Full text
Abstract:
The current African swine fever epizootic is a major global crisis, directly and indirectly impacting the pig industry and rural communities worldwide. In 2019, FAO and the OIE designated ASF as a global priority transboundary animal disease under the GF-TADs, and in July 2020 they released a jointly developed programme to control the disease worldwide – ‘Global Control of African Swine Fever: A GF-TADs Initiative’ (The Global Initiative). In 2020, ASF virus continued to spread and the COVID-19 pandemic impacted field activities. However, global, regional and national stakeholders strove to maintain momentum in the control of ASF, in line with the objectives of the Global Initiative. Despite difficulties, some countries managed to eliminate the disease from their territories, indicating that ASF control is feasible with current tools. The Global Initiative identifies coordination at regional and global levels as key to enhancing national control programmes. It allows countries with similar socio-economic and epidemiological situations to share information, challenges and best practices, and to discuss regional solutions and approaches to enhancing control.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Direct current line' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography