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Journal articles on the topic 'Direct current line'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Tarkiainen, Antti, Riku Pöllänen, Markku Niemelä, and Juha Pyrhönen. "Current controlled line converter using direct torque control method." European Transactions on Electrical Power 14, no. 5 (September 2004): 277–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etep.22.

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2

Hellborg, Ragnar, and Harry J. Whitlow. "Direct Current Accelerators for Industrial Applications." Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology 04, no. 01 (January 2011): 183–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793626811000525.

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Direct current accelerators form the basis of many front-line industrial processes. They have many advantages that have kept them at the forefront of technology for many decades, such as a small and easily managed environmental footprint. In this article, the basic principles of the different subsystems (ion and electron sources, high voltage generation, control, etc.) are overviewed. Some well-known (ion implantation and polymer processing) and lesser-known (electron beam lithography and particle-induced X-ray aerosol mapping) applications are reviewed.

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3

Benjanarasut, Jirawut, and Bunlung Neammanee. "Control Techniques to Directly Parallel Line-Side Converters for Wind Energy System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 704 (December 2014): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.704.161.

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The direct paralleled converters can increase the power rating, reliability, efficiency, as well as decrease the cost and current/voltage ripples which are suitable for high power converters. However, when converters are in direct parallel, the circulating currents will be generated automatically. This will result in high current distortion which causes the line inductors saturation and damage the power switches; and therefore overall performance of the system will be degraded. This paper purposes a zero sequence current control technique to reduce the circulating current in directly parallel line-side converter of the wind energy conversion system. The case studies are carried out on a 2 MW wind turbine to investigate the effects of non-identical line inductors and PWM carrier phase shift of each converter to the circulating current. The simulation results confirm that zero sequence current controllers that can reduce the zero sequence current in any conditions. The dynamic responses of the direct parallel converters and a single converter are nearly the same but the direct parallel converters have better current ripple and THDi.

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4

Liu, Ren Li, Yi Zhan, Bin Yan, and Hui Juan Wang. "Remote Monitoring System for Direct Current Power." Applied Mechanics and Materials 313-314 (March 2013): 524–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.313-314.524.

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With the purpose of remote centralized monitoring for DC Power, the paper has the scheme of the system of on-line real-time monitoring based on Web, and emphatically introduces the design and development of the monitoring server. The system realizes collecting, storage and real-time display of multiple DC Power, which makes the crews monitor the real-time working condition of DC wherever they could access the Internet. The system has good extensibility and a promising prospect in practical.

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5

Neukirch, Maik, and Norbert Klitzsch. "Inverting Capacitive Resistivity (Line Electrode) Measurements with Direct Current Inversion Programs." Vadose Zone Journal 9, no. 4 (November 2010): 882–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2009.0164.

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6

Pavlovskyi, V. V., and A. V. Prykhodko. "HIGH VOLTAGE DIRECT CURRENT SYSTEMS. DYNAMIC MODEL OF LINE COMMUTATED CONVERTER." Praci Institutu elektrodinamiki Nacionalanoi akademii nauk Ukraini 2020, no. 55 (March 19, 2020): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/publishing2020.55.016.

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7

Reding, J. L. "Investigation of thrasher compression fittings on BPA's direct current transmission line." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 6, no. 4 (1991): 1616–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/61.97700.

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8

Hendrickson, Riley C. "Space charge drift from a +/− 400-kV direct current transmission line." Bioelectromagnetics 7, no. 4 (1986): 369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250070404.

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9

Wang, Bin, Lin Yang, and Xinzhou Dong. "Fault location method for high-voltage direct current transmission line using incident current travelling waves." Journal of Engineering 2018, no. 15 (October 1, 2018): 1165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/joe.2018.0278.

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10

Kimura, N., T. Funaki, and K. Matsu-ura. "Damping of current oscillation in superconductive line applied for high voltage direct current transmission system." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 3, no. 1 (March 1993): 223–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/77.233711.

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11

Chen, Lei, Huiwen He, Guocheng Li, Hongkun Chen, Lei Wang, Xiaoyuan Chen, Xin Tian, Ying Xu, Li Ren, and Yuejin Tang. "Study of Resistive-Type Superconducting Fault Current Limiters for a Hybrid High Voltage Direct Current System." Materials 12, no. 1 (December 21, 2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12010026.

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In this paper, a hybrid high voltage direct current transmission system containing a line commutated converter and a voltage source converter is developed. To enhance the robustness of the hybrid transmission system against direct current short-circuit faults, resistive-type superconducting fault current limiters are applied, and the effectiveness of this approach is assessed. Related mathematical models are built, and the theoretical functions of the proposed approach are expounded. According to the transient simulations in MATLAB software, the results demonstrate that: (i) The superconducting fault current limiter at the voltage source converter station enables to very efficiently mitigate the fault transients, and owns an enhanced current-limiting ability for handling the short-line faults. (ii) The superconducting fault current limiter at the line commutated converter station is able to mildly limit the fault current and alleviate the voltage drop, and its working performance has a low sensitivity to the fault location. At the end of the study, a brief scheme design of the resistive-type superconducting fault current limiters is achieved. In conclusion, the application feasibility of the proposed approach is well confirmed.

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12

Choi, Sun-Seob, and Whi-Young Kim. "TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION WITH APPLIED MULTISTEP DIRECT CURRENT GRAFTING." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 25, no. 03 (May 30, 2013): 1350032. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237213500324.

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The controlling method for high-voltage pulse form or pulse parameter is extremely important in high speed switching technique. Function generation can repeatedly make various forms and widths of pulse waves such as low-voltage sine wave, square wave, and sawtooth wave. Waveform control is not easy when voltage exceeds a certain amount of kVs. Pulse forming network (PFN) or pulse forming line (PFL) has been used so far along with trigger gap, rail gap, semiconductor switch, ignitron, cyratron, and autocompression switch, which are used as switching device. For PFN, multistep LC circuit is introduced to widen the pulse width, and for PFL, a method to lengthen the charging line is adopted. These methods are difficult to control because a large number of devices are used, and the devices are getting bigger in terms of size. In order to compensate this weakness, the researchers of this study made self-stimulating pulse forms with various pulse widths by actively engrafting the low-voltage two-step or four-step circuits with the AVR one-chip microprocessor technology, which is widely used for two-step or four-step electric network recently with low price.

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13

Daigneault, G., G. St-Jean, and M. Landry. "Comparing direct and synthetic tests for interruption of line-charging capacitive current." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 16, no. 3 (July 2001): 409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/61.924819.

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14

Fujimoto, Hiroumi, and Shingo Yakushiji. "Load Sharing between Gas Engine and Grid Power through Direct Current Line." Proceedings of the National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems 2004.9 (2004): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmepes.2004.9.373.

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15

Nayel, Mohamed. "Analysis of Lightning-attractive Areas Around High-voltage Direct Current Transmission Line." Electric Power Components and Systems 37, no. 2 (January 16, 2009): 146–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15325000802388674.

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16

Sun, Xia, and Li Zhou. "Line Selection Device Based on Double Tree Complex Wavelet." Advanced Materials Research 823 (October 2013): 505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.823.505.

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Single phase ground fault has the highest rate to happen in distribution network, use the method based on transient component can improve line selection accuracy effectively. sensitivity and directional selectivity can improved by using dual tree complex wavelet transform than using discrete wavelet translation, there is a decaying current fault line and normal line of difference, the difference is phase to phase delay reflected in current after wavelet transformation , the fault line and normal line zero sequence current and zero sequence current proportion relationship, there still worse a decaying direct current component, the normal phase between the two zero sequence currents are equal, therefore according to the phase relation after wavelet decomposition when will still be able to distinguish the fault line and normal line. Using the fast operation speed of digital signal processor can realized the fault line selection algorithm.

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17

Bergmann, Til Ole, Sergiu Groppa, Markus Seeger, Matthias Mölle, Lisa Marshall, and Hartwig Roman Siebner. "Acute Changes in Motor Cortical Excitability During Slow Oscillatory and Constant Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation." Journal of Neurophysiology 102, no. 4 (October 2009): 2303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00437.2009.

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Transcranial oscillatory current stimulation has recently emerged as a noninvasive technique that can interact with ongoing endogenous rhythms of the human brain. Yet, there is still little knowledge on how time-varied exogenous currents acutely modulate cortical excitability. In ten healthy individuals we used on-line single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to search for systematic shifts in corticospinal excitability during anodal sleeplike 0.8-Hz slow oscillatory transcranial direct current stimulation (so-tDCS). In separate sessions, we repeatedly applied 30-s trials (two blocks at 20 min) of either anodal so-tDCS or constant tDCS (c-tDCS) to the primary motor hand area during quiet wakefulness. Simultaneously and time-locked to different phase angles of the slow oscillation, motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) as an index of corticospinal excitability were obtained in the contralateral hand muscles 10, 20, and 30 s after the onset of tDCS. MEPs were also measured off-line before, between, and after both stimulation blocks to detect any lasting excitability shifts. Both tDCS modes increased MEP amplitudes during stimulation with an attenuation of the facilitatory effect toward the end of a 30-s tDCS trial. No phase-locking of corticospinal excitability to the exogenous oscillation was observed during so-tDCS. Off-line TMS revealed that both c-tDCS and so-tDCS resulted in a lasting excitability increase. The individual magnitude of MEP facilitation during the first tDCS trials predicted the lasting MEP facilitation found after tDCS. We conclude that sleep slow oscillation-like excitability changes cannot be actively imposed on the awake cortex with so-tDCS, but phase-independent on-line as well as off-line facilitation can reliably be induced.

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18

Angell, R. F., M. R. Schott, R. J. Raleigh, and T. D. Bracken. "Effects of a high-voltage direct-current transmission line on beef cattle production." Bioelectromagnetics 11, no. 4 (1990): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250110404.

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19

Abbas, Z. N., and F. M. Tuaimah. "Optimal Location of High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission Line using Genetic Algorithm." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1076, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1076/1/012008.

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20

Zhang, Jinlan, Yuan Zhao, Yinghong Hu, Yirun Ji, and Yi Lu. "Influence factors analysis of ionized field characteristics of Zhangbei ±500kV flexible direct current transmission lines." E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123301016.

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The ionized field should be controlled in order to insure the environmental friendliness of high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission lines. Different with traditional HVDC transmission lines, the metal return lines is first employed in Zhangbei ±500kV flexible HVDC lines. In this paper, the characteristics of ionized field with and without metal return lines are calculated on the basis of numerical method with Deutsch’s assumption. The influence factors, i.e. roughness coefficient, distance between metal return line and height of the metal return line, are analysed in detail. The results show that the metal return lines will have a shield effect on the ionized field on the ground. The distribution of ionized field is nearly independent on the height of metal return line. The shielding effect of the metal return line mainly contributes to the projection position of the metal return line. The presented results can give instructions for the design and control of the ionized field level of flexible HVDC lines with metal return lines.

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21

Tecchio, Franca, Filippo Zappasodi, Giovanni Assenza, Mario Tombini, Stefano Vollaro, Giulia Barbati, and Paolo Maria Rossini. "Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Enhances Procedural Consolidation." Journal of Neurophysiology 104, no. 2 (August 2010): 1134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00661.2009.

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The primary motor cortex (M1) area recruitment enlarges while learning a finger tapping sequence. Also M1 excitability increases during procedural consolidation. Our aim was to investigate whether increasing M1 excitability by anodal transcranial DC stimulation (AtDCS) when procedural consolidation occurs was able to induce an early consolidation improvement. Forty-seven right-handed healthy participants were trained in a nine-element serial finger tapping task (SFTT) executed with the left hand. Random series blocks were interspersed with training series blocks. Anodal or sham tDCS was administered over the right M1 after the end of the training session. After stimulation, the motor skills of both trained and a new untrained sequential series blocks were tested again. For each block, performance was estimated as the median execution time of correct series. Early consolidation of the trained series, assessed by the performance difference between the first block after and the last block before stimulation normalized by the random, was enhanced by anodal and not by sham tDCS. Stimulation did not affect random series execution. No stimulation effect was found on the on-line learning of the trained and new untrained series. Our results suggest that AtDCS applied on M1 soon after training improves early consolidation of procedural learning. Our data highlight the importance of neuromodulation procedures for understanding learning processes and support their use in the motor rehabilitation setting, focusing on the timing of the application.

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22

Shen, Xiaojun, Xiuchen Jiang, and Zeng Yi. "Investigation of On-line Monitoring Method on 1500 V Direct Current Cable of Subway." Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials 7, no. 5 (October 1, 2006): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4313/teem.2006.7.5.247.

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23

Hoppel, William A. "Bipolar model of the electrical environment of the high-voltage direct current power line." Journal of Geophysical Research 90, no. D4 (1985): 5945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jd090id04p05945.

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24

Rios, Mario A., and Fredy A. Acero. "Planning multi-terminal direct current grids based graphs theory." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i1.pp37-46.

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Transmission expansion planning in AC power systems is well known and employs a variety of optimization techniques and methodologies that have been used in recent years. By contrast, the planning of HVDC systems is a new matter for the interconnection of large power systems, and the interconnection of renewable sources in power systems. Although the HVDC systems has evolved, the first implementations were made considering only the needs of transmission of large quantities of power to be connected to the bulk AC power system. However, for the future development of HVDC systems, meshed or not, each AC system must be flexible to allow the expansion of these for future conditions. Hence, a first step for planning HVDC grids is the planning and development of multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) systems which will be later transformed in a meshed system. This paper presented a methodology that use graph theory for planning MTDC grids and for the selection of connection buses of the MTDC to an existing HVAC transmission system. The proposed methodology was applied to the Colombian case, where the obtained results permit to migrate the system from a single HVDC line to a MTDC grid.

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25

Chen, Jiaxin, Youguang Guo, Jianguo Zhu, and Zhi Wei Lin. "Transient analysis and control of bias magnetic state in the transformer of on-line pulse-width-modulation switching full bridge direct current-direct current converter." Journal of Applied Physics 111, no. 7 (April 2012): 07E709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3672068.

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26

Cheng, Zhiping, Meng Gong, Jinfeng Gao, Zhongwen Li, and Jikai Si. "Research on Virtual Inductive Control Strategy for Direct Current Microgrid with Constant Power Loads." Applied Sciences 9, no. 20 (October 20, 2019): 4449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204449.

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In order to improve the stability of direct current (DC) microgrid with constant power loads, a novel virtual inductive approach is proposed in this paper. It is known that the negative impedance characteristic of constant power loads will lead to DC bus voltage fluctuation, which will be more serious when they integrate into the DC microgrid though a large transmission line inductive. For the convenience of analysis, a simplified circuit model of the system is obtained by modeling the distributed resources. Unlike the existing control strategies, the proposed control strategy constructs a negative inductance link, which helps to counteract the negative effects of the line inductive between the power source and the transmission line. Detailed performance comparison of the proposed control and virtual capacitance are implemented through MATLAB/simulink simulation. Moreover, the improved performance of the proposed control method has been further validated with several detailed studies. The results demonstrate the feasibility and superiority of the proposed strategy.

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27

Yoo, Hyun Jae, Myong-Chul Shin, Jae Hyeong Lee, and Young Kwan Choi. "DC Line Ground Fault Detection Scheme for Line Commutated Converter High Voltage Direct Current Connected to Renewable Energy Source." Science of Advanced Materials 10, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2018.2967.

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28

Teng, Yufei, Zhenyuan Zhang, and Xiaopeng Li. "Improved Approach to High-Frequency Current Injection-Based Protection for Grounding Electrode Line in High-Voltage Direct Current System." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 56, no. 3 (May 2020): 2409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2020.2979960.

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29

Liu, Zehong, Jun Yu, Xianshan Guo, Tao Sun, and Jin Zhang. "Survey of technologies of line commutated converter based high voltage direct current transmission in China." CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 1, no. 2 (June 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17775/cseejpes.2015.00014.

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30

Ishimoto, Kazuyuki, Shingo Hara, Akira Asakawa, Nobutaka Arai, and Ryota Mori. "Lightning Current Distribution in Automation System Equipment for Distribution Line due to Direct Lightning Stroke." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 139, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): 372–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes.139.372.

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31

LIU, Min, Jinhai WANG, Shubo WANG, Xiaofeng XIE, Tao ZHOU, and V. K. Mathur. "On-line Measurement for Ohmic Resistance in Direct Methanol Fuel Cell by Current Interruption Method." Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 18, no. 5 (October 2010): 843–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1004-9541(09)60137-3.

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32

Cantarero, G., D. Spampinato, J. Reis, L. Ajagbe, T. Thompson, K. Kulkarni, and P. Celnik. "Cerebellar Direct Current Stimulation Enhances On-Line Motor Skill Acquisition through an Effect on Accuracy." Journal of Neuroscience 35, no. 7 (February 18, 2015): 3285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2885-14.2015.

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33

Kumkratug. "Fast Decoupled Power Flow for Power System with High Voltage Direct Current Transmission Line System." American Journal of Applied Sciences 7, no. 8 (August 1, 2010): 1115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2010.1115.1117.

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34

Li, Yongli, Shuo Zhang, Hongbo Li, Yongchang Zhai, Weiya Zhang, and Yao Nie. "A fault location method based on genetic algorithm for high-voltage direct current transmission line." European Transactions on Electrical Power 22, no. 6 (June 13, 2012): 866–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etep.1659.

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35

Oksenoid, K. G., V. Liebich, and G. Pietzsch. "Improvement of analyte to interferent line intensity ratio in direct current glow discharge mass spectrometry." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 355, no. 7-8 (July 1, 1996): 863–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0021663550863.

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36

Zhang, F., J. L. Ram, P. R. Standley, and J. R. Sowers. "17 beta-Estradiol attenuates voltage-dependent Ca2+ currents in A7r5 vascular smooth muscle cell line." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 266, no. 4 (April 1, 1994): C975—C980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1994.266.4.c975.

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Previous studies have shown that 17 beta-estradiol (beta-E2) has a direct acute inhibitory effect on vascular smooth muscle (VSM) contraction. To investigate the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, we utilized whole cell patch-clamping techniques to study effects of beta-E2 on voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels in cultured VSM cells (VSMC). T- and L-type Ca2+ currents were characterized with ramp and pulse protocols in A7r5 cultured VSMC. T-type current, inactivated in < 100 ms, was reduced by Ba2+ and was comparatively little affected by isradipine. L-type current required higher voltages to activate, inactivated slowly, was greatly increased by Ba2+, and could be completely inhibited by 5 microM isradipine. beta-E2 (10 microM) significantly reduced peak L-type Ba2+ current and T-type Ca2+ current within 1-2 min, whereas alpha E2 (a hormonally inactive isomer of estradiol) caused significantly less reduction in both types of current. Vehicle (0.1% ethanol) had no significant effect on either current. The inhibitory effect of beta-E2 on voltage-dependent Ca2+ currents may contribute to previously demonstrated beta-E2 attenuation of VSM contraction.

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37

Hariyanto, H., Widodo W. Purwanto, and Roekmijati W. Soemantojo. "CO₂ current efficiency in direct ethanol fuel cell." Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia 6, no. 1 (October 2, 2018): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2007.6.1.6.

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In this present work, a systematically study on 20% PtCeO2/C catalyst for ethanol electro-oxidation in direct ethanol fuel cell were carried out. For cathode catalyst, a commercial catalyst of 40% Pt/C from ETEK was applied. Catalysts were printed on to carbon paper of TGPH 060 and sandwiched into membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and then arranged infitel cell with the geometric area 1.2 cm2. As an electrolyte, we used Nafion 117 from Du Pont. On-line Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry (DEMS) measurement infuel cell setup was carried out in order to determine the activity and selectivity which was indicated by result of Faradaic current and CO2 current efficiency of ethanol electro-oxidation respectively. PtCeO2/C was significantly improving the selectivity of CO formation n comparison to the commercial catalyst of 20% Pt/C from A/fa Aesar- Johnson Mattews. Increasing of" selectivity was shown by the increase of CO2 current efficiency of ethanol oxidation of about 20 percent in comparison to references catalyst of 20% Pt/C (AlfaAesar-JM).Keywords: Ceria, Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA), DEMS, Ethanol Electro-OxidationAbstrakPada peneletian ini dilakukan kajian sistematis terhadap katalis 20% PtCeO2/C yang akan digunakan pada elektro-oksidasi etanol pada sel bahan bakar etanol langsung. Untuk katalis katoda, digunakan katalis komersial 40% Pt/C dari ETEK. Katalis tersebut diaplikasikan pada kertas karbon TGPH 060 dan diselipkan pada rangkaian membran electroda (MEA) dan kemudian disusun pada sel bahan bakar yang memiliki luas geometris 1.2 cm2. Sebagai elektrolit, digunakan Nafion 117 produksi Du Pont. Pengukuran On-line oleh Spektrometri Massa Elektrokimia Diferensial atau Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry (DEMS) pada pemasangan sel bahan bakar telah dilakukan untuk menentukan aktivitas dan selektivitasnya yang dapat ditunjukkan masing-masing oleh hasil arus Faradik dan efisiensi arus CO2 dari elektro-oksidasi etanol. Dari hasil percobaan diperoleh bahwa PtCeO2/C dapat secara signifikan meningkatkan selektivitas untuk membentuk CO2 dibandingkan terhadap katalis komersial 20% Pt/C dari A/fa Aesar-Johnson Mattews. Kenaikan selektivitas ditunjukkan oleh kenaikan efisiensi arus CO2pada oksidasi ethanol sebesar 20 persen dibandingkan terhadap katalis rujukan 20% Pt/C (AlfaAesar-JM).Kata Kunci: Ceria, Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA), DEMS, Elektro-Oksidasi Etanol

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38

Gao, Li, and Hong Chun Shu. "Feasibility Study on the Fault Line Selection Method Based on Overall Trend of Zero Sequence Current." Applied Mechanics and Materials 341-342 (July 2013): 1235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.341-342.1235.

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Two results were obtained by analysing electromagnetism transition condition: firstly, when the initial phase angle of fault is larger, the characteristic of travelling wave is obvious, and the polarity of the first travelling wave head is consistent with the overall trend of zero sequence current in preliminary stage; secondly, when the initial phase angle of fault is smaller, the characteristic of travelling wave is not obvious, but the fault lines and perfect lines can be recognized through the direction of decaying direct current component in zero sequence current, and the direction of decaying direct current component is consistent with the overall trend of zero sequence current in preliminary stage. Research suggests that it is feasible to make the overall trend of zero sequence current in preliminary stage as characteristic for line selection.

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39

Agarwal, Shobha, C. K. Panigrahi, Aishwarya Sahoo, and Sanitha Mishra. "A Novel Study on Bipolar High Voltage Direct Current Transmission Lines Protection Schemes." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 4 (August 1, 2018): 1977. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i4.pp1977-1984.

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<p><span>In long dc transmission lines identification of fault is important for transferring a large amount of power. In bipolar </span><span lang="EN-GB">Line commutated converter transmission lines </span><span>are subjected to harsh weather condition so accurate and rapid clearance of fault is essential. A comparative study of the bipolar system with both converters healthy and one converter tripped is studied. Most of the research paper has focussed on transmission line faults in bipolar mode but none of them had focussed when HVDC system works in monopolar mode after the fault. In the proposed scheme the voltage signals are extracted from both poles of the rectifier ends and are processed to identify the faults in transmission lines.The Artificial neural network is utilised in detecting the fault in both bipolar and monopolar system. Since it can identify the relationship between input and output data to detect the fault pattern it can be utilised under all conditions. Moreover, benefits of the proposed method are its accuracy, no requirement of the communication system as it acquires data from one end and has a reach setting of 99%.</span></p>

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Chen, Ying-Chieh, Liang-Rui Chen, Ching-Ming Lai, Yuan-Chih Lin, and Ting-Jung Kuo. "Development of a DC-Side Direct Current Controlled Active Ripple Filter for Eliminating the Double-Line-Frequency Current Ripple in a Single-Phase DC/AC Conversion System." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 12, 2020): 4772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184772.

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The objective of this paper is to propose an active ripple filter (ARF) using the patented DC-side direct current control for eliminating the double-line-frequency current ripple in a single-phase DC/AC conversion system. The proposed ARF and its control strategies can not only prolong the usage life of the DC energy source but also improve the DC/AC system performance. At first, the phenomena of double-line-frequency current ripple and the operation principle of the ARF are illustrated. Then, steady-state analysis, small-signal model, and control loop design of the ARF architecture are derived. The proposed control system includes: (1) a DC current control loop to provide the excellent ripple eliminating performance on the output of the DC energy source; (2) a voltage control loop for the high-side DC-bus voltage of the ARF to achieve good steady-state and transient-state responses; (3) a voltage feedforward loop for the low-side voltage of the ARF to cancel the voltage fluctuation caused by the instability of the DC energy source. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed concept can be verified by the system simulation, and the experimental results show that the nearly zero double-line-frequency current ripple on the DC-side in a single-phase DC/AC conversion system can be achieved.

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Oni, Oluwafemi Emmanuel, Kamati I. Mbangula, and Innocent Davidson E. Davidson. "Dynamic Voltage Stability Studies using a Modified IEEE 30-Bus System." Transactions on Environment and Electrical Engineering 1, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22149/teee.v1i3.30.

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Power System stability is an essential study in the planning and operation of an efficient, economic, reliable and secure electric power system because it encompasses all the facet of power systems operations, from planning, to conceptual design stages of the project as well as during the systems operating life span. This paper presents different scenario of power system stability studies on a modified IEEE 30-bus system which is subjected to different faults conditions. A scenario whereby the longest high voltage alternating current (HVAC) line is replaced with a high voltage direct current (HVDC) line was implemented. The results obtained show that the HVDC line enhances system stability more compared to the contemporary HVAC line. Dynamic analysis using RMS simulation tool was used on DigSILENT PowerFactory.

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Rongyan, Guo, and Zhang Honghui. "Study on the Residual Current Protection Device Technology." Open Electrical & Electronic Engineering Journal 8, no. 1 (December 31, 2014): 404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874129001408010404.

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As an important electrical safety protection device in low voltage distribution system, residual current protection device is to protect the insulation line leakage fault; the electric shock of the people plays an important role in fault. From the protection characteristics of residual current protective device to points, those can be divided into, residual current protection device for residual pulsating direct current and residual dc, according to the residual sinusoidal alternating current.

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Elserougi, Ahmed, Ahmed Mohamed Massoud, Shehab Ahmed, and Ayman Samy Abdel-Khalik. "Three-wire bipolar high-voltage direct current line using an existing single-circuit high-voltage alternating current line for integrating renewable energy sources in multiterminal DC networks." IET Renewable Power Generation 10, no. 3 (March 1, 2016): 370–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2015.0124.

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Rodrigues, Ednardo, Ricardo Pontes, João Bandeira, and Victor Aguiar. "Analysis of the Incidence of Direct Lightning over a HVDC Transmission Line through EFD Model." Energies 12, no. 3 (February 11, 2019): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12030555.

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HVDC systems are becoming more common worldwide, specially in Brazil, since the adoption of such system for Itaipu’s hydroelectric complex in the 1980’s. Today, the country has the Xingu-Estreito bipole, with length of 2375 km. This system crosses a region with high lightning incidence, a phenomenon which causes faults in power systems. The most widely used model for the positioning of the arrestor cables over a transmission line is the electrogeometric model. This model, however, does not take into account the different potentials over the structure’s surface, and therefore presents significant inaccuracies when assessing the risk of lightning strikes on structures such as a HVDC line. This work then used the Electric Field Deflection (EFD) model with the aid finite elements. Four levels of lightning are assessed (I, II, III and IV), with current peaks of 3.9, 5.4, 10.1 and 15.7 kA. It was verified that the positive pole tends to attract most of the lightning with shielding failures width (SFW) of 12, 8, 4 and 0 m. It was then proposed to move the arrestor cables horizontally. The study indicates that this horizontal shifting of the cables in 5 and 8 m toward the side with larger chance of direct incidence reduces the shielding failure widths in 50% for peak current of 3.9 kA and almost eliminates the strikes for lightning with peak currents of 5.4, 10.1 and 15.7 kA.

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Tzeng, Y.-S., and C.-H. Lee. "Assessment of grounding, bonding, and insulation on rail potential and stray currents in a direct current transit system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 223, no. 3 (March 20, 2009): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544097jrrt206.

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This article presents the effects of different grounding strategies (ungrounded, direct grounded, and diode grounded), bonding, and insulation on rail potential and stray currents in the Taipei rapid transit systems (TRTSs). The TRTS is a direct current transit railway and its running rails are used as the return conductor for traction currents. The advantage is that no dedicated return conductor is required, whereas the disadvantages are rail potential and stray-current problems. Thus, the analysis of grounding strategies is important and necessary. Moreover, the effects of cross-bonding of the running rails and stray-current collector cables (traction earth conductors) are investigated since bonding is usually used to balance traction negative return currents, to reduce resistances of the negative return circuit, as well as to decrease rail potential. Meanwhile, the effects of insulation on stray currents are also described. Simulation results for the Blue line are presented in TRTS.

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Zhao, Bing Bing, Lasar S. Shvindlerman, and Günter Gottstein. "Grain Boundary Triple Line Tension in Copper." Materials Science Forum 715-716 (April 2012): 843–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.715-716.843.

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The current study introduces a thermodynamically correct approach which allows a direct precise measurement of the grain boundary triple line tension. The experimental technique utilizes the measurement of the surface topography of a crystal in the vicinity of a triple junction and grain boundary groove on thin wires by atomic force microscopy. The grain boundary triple line tension of a random triple line was measured to be in the order of 10-9J/m.

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Rafferty, John, Lie Xu, and John Morrow. "Analysis of voltage source converter‐based high‐voltage direct current under DC line‐to‐earth fault." IET Power Electronics 8, no. 3 (March 2015): 428–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2014.0302.

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Wang, Tao, Yuyi Chen, Yi He, and Bicong Wang. "Effect of Direct-Current Bias on the Perpendicular Giant Magnetoimpedance of a Meander-Line Multilayer Structure." IEEE Magnetics Letters 11 (2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lmag.2019.2961062.

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Ong, Vincent K. S. "A direct method of extracting surface recombination velocity from an electron beam induced current line scan." Review of Scientific Instruments 69, no. 4 (April 1998): 1814–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148846.

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Abu-Elanien, Ahmed E. B., Ayman S. Abdel-Khalik, Ahmed M. Massoud, and Shehab Ahmed. "Design of Optimal Droop Control for Multi-Terminal High-Voltage Direct Current Systems During Line Outages." Electric Power Components and Systems 47, no. 9-10 (June 15, 2019): 772–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15325008.2019.1627604.

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